UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZAYEZU

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZAYEZU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00418/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZAYEZU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00418/2025/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Principe de la libérité de preuves en matière pénale – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale), ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubuhamya – Imvugo cyangwa ubuhamya by’umuntu wese (ufite ubushobozi) bishobora kumvwa kandi bigashingirwaho mu rubanza hatitawe ko ari imvugo y’umuntu umwe kabone n’iyo yaba yarabaye umuburanyi muri urwo rubanza, apfa gusa kuba afite amakuru ahagije ku birebana n’ingingo igibwaho impaka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax na Tuyishime Jacques Germain bakurikiranyweho n’ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bwa Heroine, nyuma yuko Hakizayezu afatanywe udupfunyika 20 twa Heroyine, ndetse agatangwaho amakuru na Tuyishime ko ariwe umugurisha heroine anywa. Ubushinjacyaha nyuma y’iperereza bwareze aba bombi ndetse n’abandi bafashwe barimo uwitwa Zirikana Pacifique na Hakizimana Arsene mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bwa Heroyine. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Zirikana Pacifique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwitera no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu 25.000.000 Frw. Rwemeza ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. Runemeza ko Hakizimana Arsene na Tuyishime Jacques Germain bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’umwaka umwe. Hakizayezu yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko atemera icyaha, kandi ko yagihamiwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya ibyaha aregwa, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje no kuba yarafatanywe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Hakizayezu yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho kandi birimo kugenekereza, ko nta gikorwa na kimwe gifatika cyagaragajwe yakoze cyerekana ko acuruza heroyine nko kuba hari umuntu wayifatanywe avuga ko ari we wayimuhaye cyangwa amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bucuruzi, ko nta na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko bari basanzwe bamufiteho amakuru ko acuruza heroyine. Ubushinjacyaha ku rundi ruhande buvuga ko uregwa atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cya heroyine

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cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko hari icyo yaba apfa n’abamushinja kubagurisha heroyine. Busaba ko igihano Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije kigumaho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale), ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. 2. Imvugo cyangwa ubuhamya by’umuntu wese (ufite ubushobozi) bishobora kumvwa kandi bigashingirwaho mu rubanza hatitawe ko ari imvugo y’umuntu umwe kabone n’iyo yaba yarabaye umuburanyi muri urwo rubanza, apfa gusa kuba afite amakuru ahagije ku birebana n’ingingo igibwaho impaka. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0176/11/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mukashema na Bihimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 16/10/2015; RPAA 00692/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/01/2023; RPAA 01309/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Hakizimana Jean Pierre alias Marindogo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/05/2025; RPAA/GEN 00001/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha buburana vs Munyakayanza Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Polisi ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, bari barahawe amakuru ko uwitwa Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax ubarizwa mu Murenge wa Kacyiru, Akarere ka Gasabo, acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine, maze ku wa 05/11/2020 batangira kumushakisha ariko babanza gufata uwitwa Tuyishime Jacques Germain wahise yemera ko anywa heroyine, anavuga ko ayigura na Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax, ahita ajya no kwerekana aho aherereye arafatwa, bamusangana udupfunyika makumyabiri (20) twa heroyine ariko yanga gusinya ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax, Zirikana Pacifique, Tuyishime Jacques Germain na Hakizimana Arsène mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine.

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[3] Zirikana Pacifique avuga ko yemera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine no kubifatanwa, ariko atabicuruza, Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax avuga ko atemera icyaha kuko ntabiyobyabwenge yafatanywe, akaba yarafashwe yarabiretse hashize amezi arindwi, akaba asaba kurenganurwa. Hakizimana Arsène na Tuyishime Jacques Germain baburanishijwe badahari kuko batitabye urukiko kandi barahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01692/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko Zirikana Pacifique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwitera no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu 25.000.000 Frw. Rwemeza ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. Runemeza ko Hakizimana Arsene na Tuyishime Jacques Germain bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’umwaka umwe. Mu gufata icyemezo kibahamya ibyaha baregwa, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, kuba hari ababyemera no kuba barafatanywe ikiyobyabwenge cya heroyine. [5] Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko atemera icyaha ashinjwa, ko no mu kukimuhamya hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, kandi we yaravugishije ukuri ko yigeze kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ari mu ntara y’Amajyepfo mu gihe kingana nk'ukwezi aza kubivamo, ariko abo babisangiraga mbere bamutangaho amakuru baza kumufata kandi ntabyo yari akinywa. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko hari ibimenyetso bihamya ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho atabashije kuvuguruza birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko yabagurishije heroyine, hanafatwa inshinge bakoreshaga bitera icyo kiyobyabwenge. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00141/2021/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax nta shingiro bufite, kuko hari ibimenyetso bihamya ko yakoze icyaha aregwa birimo abamuguriraga heroyine. Icyakora urwo Rukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje no kuba yarafatanywe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [8] Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00418/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 11/11/2025, Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yunganiwe na Me Musasangohe Illuminée, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax n’umwunganira bavuga ko banenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba rwaramuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza heroyine rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo gushidikanya no kugenekereza kuko abatangabuhamya bivuguruza, ndetse hakaba hataragaragajwe igikorwa cyo kuyicuruza yaba yarakoze nko kuba hari umuntu wafatanywe heroyine ngo avuge ko ari we wayimuhaye, amafaranga yaba yarafatanywe yavuye muri ubwo bucuruzi cyangwa raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko bari basanzwe bamufiteho amakuru ko acuruza heroyine.

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[10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax nta shingiro zifite, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cya heroyine cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko hari icyo yaba apfa n’abamushinja kubagurisha heroyine. [11] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [12] Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza heroyine hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho no mu buryo bwo kugenekereza, ko kuva yafatwa yasobanuye ko yigeze kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ariko abyivanamo bitaramubata, bituma abo babisangiraga barimo Tuyishime Jaques Germain bamwanga, ko ibyo yavuze ko heroine yafatanywe ari we ayigurira ari amatakirangoyi yo gushaka kwikura mu cyaha, ko ariyo mpamvu basaba ko ubuhamya bwe butashingirwaho kubera ko n’ibiyobyabwenge byafatiriwe byari ibye, ari we wavuze aho byari biri, kandi ko aho babikuye ariho yabaga. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko ubuhamya bwa Munyaneza Gervais nabwo butagombaga gushingirwaho kuko yavuze ko heroyine yayiguraga na Dukuze Didier, ko we yamuzaniraga urumogi, ko n’ubwa Zirikana Pacifique butagombaga gushingirwaho kuko yari umuburanyi mu rubanza, kandi imvugo ze zivuguruza. [14] Banavuga ko nta gikorwa na kimwe gifatika cyagaragajwe yakoze cyerekana ko acuruza heroyine nko kuba hari umuntu wayifatanywe avuga ko ari we wayimuhaye cyangwa amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bucuruzi, ko nta na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko bari basanzwe bamufiteho amakuru ko acuruza heroyine, ahubwo ikigaragara ari uko hashingiwe ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bivuguruza, banavuga ko na murumuna we amushinja kandi imvugo ze zitagaragara muri dosiye. Basaba ko yagirwa umwere ku cyaha aregwa kuko ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine byafatiriwe bitari ibye kandi n’ibimenyetso bishingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza heroine atari simusiga ku buryo byashingirwaho mukumuhamya icyo cyaha. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax nta shingiro zifite, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ikiyobyabwenge cya heroyine birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Tuyishime Jacques Germain na Munyaneza Gervais bagaragaje ko yabagurishaga heroyine, ndetse n’uwo babanaga akaba yaramushinje, kimwe n’umuvandimwe we witwa Niyonkuru Patrick, ko atagaragaje ko hari icyo apfa nabo cyatuma bamushinja ko ari we ubagurishaga heroyine. Asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw kigumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[16] Impaka ziri mu rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubuhamya bwashingiweho mu guhamya Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine butavugisha ukuri. [17] Mu rubanza RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale), ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri hame ryashingiweho no mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza RPAA 01309/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/05/2025, habarana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Jean Pierre alias Marindogo. [18] Naho mu rubanza RPA 0176/11/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 16/10/2015 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukashema na Bihimana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko imvugo cyangwa ubuhamya by’umuntu wese (ufite ubushobozi) bishobora kumvwa kandi bigashingirwaho mu rubanza hatitawe ko ari imvugo y’umuntu umwe kabone n’iyo yaba yarabaye umuburanyi muri urwo rubanza, apfa gusa kuba afite amakuru ahagije ku birebana n’ingingo igibwaho impaka. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo n’urubanza RPAA/GEN 00001/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/05/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Munyakayanza Jean de Dieu (igika cya 16). [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibimenyetso Hakizayezu atanga bitavuguruza ibyashingiweho bamuhamya icyaha, kuko heroyine yarayifatanywe ndetse abayiguraga iwe baramushinja; ko kuba avuga ko hari ibyo bapfa nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira. [20] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha habajijwe abatangabuhamya bakurikira: a) Munyaneza Gervais wavuze ko anywa urumogi na heroyine, ko uwabimugurishaga ari Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax. Yanasobanuye ko uyu yari amaze igihe kingana n’umwaka abicuruza, akaba yari yaranamutanzeho amakuru muri Polisi ko acuruza heroyine, ko yanabishoyemo murumuna we witwa Niyonkuru ndetse n’uwitwa Tuyishime Jacques Germais.

b) Tuyishime Jacques Germain abazwa yavuze ko anywa heroyine, akaba yarayiguraga na Dukuze Didier atarafungwa, ariko aho afungiwe ajya ayigura kwa Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax, ko yari amaze imyaka 3 cyangwa 4 ayicuruza.

c) Zirikana Pacifique yemeye ko anywa akanacuruza heroyine, yanashinje Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax ko bafatanya kuyicuruza, bakanajyana kuyirangura.

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[21] Muri dosiye harimo kandi inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 05/11/2020, igaragaza ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yafatanywe udupfunyika 20 twa heroyine na raporo y’umuhanga mu gusuzuma ibiyobyabwenge yo ku wa 20/11/2020, yagaragaje ko utwo dupfunyika 20 twose harimo ikiyobyabwenge cya heroyine. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye ibyo bimenyetso, rurasanga bishimangira ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yacuruzaga ibiyobyabwenge bya heroyine kuko abamushinja Munyaneza Gervais na Tuyishime Jacques Germain bemeza ko ari we bajyaga kuguraho heroyine banywaga, naho Zirikana Pacifique we akavuga ko bafatanyaga kuyicuruza no kujya kuyirangura. Imvugo zabo rero zikaba zitavuguruzanya nk’uko abivuga, ahubwo zihamya ibikorwa yakoraga byo kugurisha heroyine. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibyo Hakizayezu Fiston n’umwunganira banenga izo mvugo nta shingiro bifite, kandi nta kimenyetso batanga kigaragaza ko udupfunyika 20 twa heroyine yafatiriwe twari utwa Tuyishime Jaques Germain, hakaba nta n’ishingiro by’ibyo avuga ko abamushinja bari baramwanze kubera ko yari yararetse gukoresha heroyine. [24] Urukiko ruranasanga ibyo bavuga ko ubuhamya bwa Zirikana Pacifique butagombaga gushingirwaho kuko yari umuburanyi mu rubanza nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko harebwe ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza RPA 0176/11/CS rwavuzwe haruguru, kuba yari umuburanyi mu rubanza, atari impamvu yatuma imvugo ze ziteshwa agaciro, cyane cyane ko zigaragaza ko afite amakuru ahagije ku bijyanye n’icyaha Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax akurikiranyweho, aho avuga ko bafatanyaga kugurisha heroyine no kujya kuyirangura. [25] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00692/2021/CA wavuzwe haruguru, uru Rukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bigaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Hakizayezu Fiston bita Pax yakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroyine; bityo, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite kuko atabashije kubivuguruza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizayezu Fiston alias Pax nta shingiro bufite; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00141/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/03/2025 rudahindutse; [28] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse.