UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HARERIMANA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HARERIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01111/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J.) 23 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gutanga igihano – Mu gutanga igihano Umucamanza yita ku bintu bitandukanye agamije guhana koko uwakoze icyaha, hitawe ku nyungu z’uwahohotewe, iz’uregwa iza sosiyete muri rusange hanagendewe ku buryo icyaha cyakozwe n’ingaruka cyateye, cyane cyane agendereye gutanga igihano gihwanye n’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano n’iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Harerimana Protegene yakurikiranyweho n’ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo kwica umudamu witwa Mukarukundo, akamucamo ibice bibiri; nyuma y’iperereza bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba koahamwan’icyaha, akanabihanirwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, agasaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa atagabanyirizwa ibihano, hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze n’uburyo yagikozemo bibakaba bigaragaza ubugome bw’indengakamere. Uregwa atishimiye icyo cyemezo yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu rwirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanaga yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho, akicuza agasaba imbabazi, akanasobanura uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, ariko akaba yarahanishijwe igihano kinini kiruta ibindi. Asaba Urukiko ko rwamugabanyiriza igihano. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha kuri izi mpamvu z’ubujurire z’uregwa, bwavuze ko nta shingiro zifite, busaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza no gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko busanga urebye uburyo Harerimana yakozemo icyaha harimo ubugome bukabije ku buryo atagabanirizwa ibihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gutanga igihano Umucamanza yita ku bintu bitandukanye agamije guhana koko uwakoze icyaha, hitawe ku nyungu z’uwahohotewe, iz’uregwa iza sosiyete muri rusange hanagendewe ku buryo icyaha cyakozwe n’ingaruka cyateye, cyane cyane agendereye gutanga igihano gihwanye n’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo.

2. Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano n’iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ntihindutse. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0282/08/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nyirangondo Virginie rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010; RPAA 00172/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mutabazi David rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/9/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mw’ijoro ryo ku wa 26/06/2021 mu ma saa munani (02H00), umwana witwa Uwituze wa Mukarukundo Espérance bita Madamu cyangwa Nyirarukundo yararize cyane abaturanyi barebye basaga nyina batari kumwe baramufata baramurarana. Bukeye tariki ya 27/06/2021, Mukarukundo Espérance akomeza kubura, bigeze mu ma saa sita, uwitwa Habanabakize Thomas n’umugore we Munyendamutsa Faustine bita Nindamutse batanze amakuru ko mu ma saa tatu z’ijoro bumvise Mukarukundo Espérance atakira ahitwa kwa Harerimana Protogène, bagakeka ko yahaje kuko bari basanzwe bagenderana, nyuma bakumva atagitaka bakagirango yagiye cyangwa yaryamye. [2] Nyuma y’ayo makuru ubuyobozi bwagiye kwa Harerimana Protogène basanga ibitonyanga by’amaraso mu nzu ndetse bikomeza ku irembo, bakurikira ayo maraso barinda bagera ku gisimu kiri mu kilometero na metero Magana abiri (1km 200m), gifite uburebure bwa metero 7 z’ubujyakuzimu, basanga amaraso ku mwinjiriro w’icyo gisimu barebyemo basangamo umurambo wa Mukarukundo Esperance wacitsemo ibice bibiri, igice kimwe cyo hejuru guhera mu nda kugera ku mutwe kizingiye mu nzitiramibu, na ho igice cyo hepfo guhera mu rukenyerero umanura ku maguru, cyambitse isashe n’umufuka. [3] Nyuma y’iperereza haketswe ko Harerimana ariwe wishe Mukarukundo, akamucamo ibice 2 byombi akajya kubita muri icyo gisimu aho babisanze akarenzaho itaka. Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, Harerimana Protogène yiregura avuga ko Mukarukundo yapfiriye iwe mu nzu, ariko ko atari we wamwishe akaba atanazi icyamwishe, ahubwo ngo yabonye ko Mukarukundo amaze kumutwara amafaranga 15.000 Frw aramusaka ayamusanganye mu myenda y’imbere arayamwaka, noneho ngo amukurura ukuboko Mukarukundo yitura hasi ntiyongera gukoma, noneho ngo abonye ko yapfuye ngo ni bwo yigiriye inama yo kumucamo ibice bibiri (2) ngo abone uko atwara umurambo kuwuhisha, kugira ngo hatagira umenya ko yapfiriye iwe, akabikurikiranwaho.

[4] Mu rubanza RP 00990/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 02 Nzeri 2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku byo Harerimana Protogène uregwa no kuba yarakoze iki cyaha afite gutekereza kwe kose, akaba yarafashe nyakwigendera akamwica yarangiza akamukatamo ibice bibiri nyuma akitwikira ijoro akajya kubita mu gisimu gifite m7 z’ubujyakuzimu, agamije ko bitazamenyekana, rwemeje ko icyaha cyo kwica undi ku bushake kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Harerimana ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahawe ibihano birebire kandi yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi. Avuga ko atari agamije kwica nyakwigendera kubera ko ngo atari gupanga kwica undi ngo narangiza amwicire iwe. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [6] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Harerimana yishe nyakwigendera mu buryo buteye ubwoba, ko habayemo iyicarubozo, ari yo mpamvu ubujurire bwe butagomba guhabwa ishingiro. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01232/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku kuba n’ubwo Harerimana Protogene yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, rusanga yarishe Mukarukundo akoresheje kumucamo kabiri, bigaragaza ubugome bw’indengakamere yakoranye icyaha aregwa akaba rero atagabanyirizwa ibihano. [8] Harerimana Protogene na none ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ayijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 01111/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 01/12/2025, Harerimana Protogene yunganiwe na Me Nsanzumuhire Jean Damascene, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice. [9] Mu myanzuro ya Harerimana Protogene na Me Nsanzumuhire Jean Damascene umwunganira, bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu rwirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanaga yemera icyaha kuburyo budushidikanywaho, akicuza agasaba imbabazi, akanasobanura uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, ariko akaba yarahanishijwe igihano kinini kiruta ibindi. Basaba Urukiko ko rwamugabanyiriza igihano. [10] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Harerimana Theogene nta shingiro zifite, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza no gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko Ubushinjacyaha busanga urebye uburyo Harerimana yakozemo icyaha harimo ubugome bukabije ku buryo atagabanirizwa ibihano. [11] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rusanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Harerimana Protogene agabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Harerimana Protogene agabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye

[12] Harerimana Protogene na Me Nsanzumuhire Jean Damascene, umwunganira, bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwahamije Harerimana Protogene icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu rwirengagije ko yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho kandi yarasobanuye neza uko icyaha cyakozwe, akicuza kandi agasaba imbabazi. Bityo, akaba asanga urukiko rwarirengagije izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rukamuhanisha igihano kinini kiruta ibindi, ari nayo mpamvu yisunze ingingo ya 180 agace ka 1 n’ingingo za 181, 182, na 183 z’itegeko No 027/219 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha asaba ko cyagabanywa. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba Harerimana Protogene yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi mu buryo bwose bwo kwicuza icyo gikorwa kigayitse yakoze ariko Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutarabihaye agaciro ahubwo rukamuhanisha igifungo cya burundu gihwanye n’igihano cy’uwakoze icyaha nk’icye ariko ahakana icyaha ndetse atanicuza, ari inenge basaba urukiko rw’ubujurire kuzakosora rwita ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zagaragajwe haruguru, maze rukemeza ko agabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari nabwo buryo bwiza bwo kugororoka kurushaho. [14] Bongeraho kandi ko, kuba Harerimana Protogene yarahawe igihano kiruta ibindi mu mategeko y’urwanda basanga atarahawe ubutabera buboneye bakaba basanga iki gihano kinyuranyije n’iryo hame nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019, aho Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwagaragaje ko agaciro k’igihano katareberwa gusa ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ahubwo hagomba no kwitabwa ku nyungu z’uregwa zirimo nko kumwigisha no kumugorora. Bityo, basaba ko yahabwa igihano kimufasha kugororoka neza no gusubira mu murongo uboneye aho kumuha igihano gisumba ibindi no kurangiriza ubuzima bwe mu igororero. [15] Bashingira kandi ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo urubanza RPAA 00069/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyiranzeyimana Odette, n’izindi1 zatanze umurongo uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo iby’igihano byaba bitaburanyweho n’impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, bagashingira no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 al 12 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, n’ingingo ya 49 al 13 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha 1 Izindi manza zashingiweho zirimo; urubanza Nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na SHAKABATENDA Jean de Dieu, urubanza Nº RPAA 00194/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAYISHIMIYE Emmanuel alias Shema, urubanza Nº RPAA 00441/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/10/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NKUBANA Samuel (igika cya 23), n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00410/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/10/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSENGIMANA Eric (igika cya 36). 2 Ingingo iteganya ko Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: igifungo cya burundu, gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. 3Ingingo iteganya ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo»

n’ibihano muri rusange bagasaba ko Harerimana Protogene agabanyirizwa igihano hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje no kuba ntabundi yigeze akurukirwanwa. [16] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Harerimana Theogene nta shingiro bufite, agasaba urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza no gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko Ubushinjacyaha busanga urebye uburyo Harerimana yakozemo icyaha harimo ubugome bukabije ku buryo atagabanirizwa ibihano. [17] Akomeza ashingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00451/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/3/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitanga Gad, no mu rubanza RPAA 0021/14/CS- RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho, avuga ko nk’uko byemejwe muri izo manza, urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. No muri uru rubanza rero ngo n’ubwo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba Harerimana Protogene ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yaraburanye acyemera, bitashingirwaho ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba uburyo Harerimana yakozemo icyaha harimo ubugome bukabije. [18] Naho ku bijyanye n’imirongo ivugwa na Harerimana Protogene n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kuzayishingiraho, ahagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga iyo mirongo yatanze nta sano ifitanye n’Urubanza rwe ku buryo yashingirwaho mu guca urubanza, kuko yafashwe mu manza zirimo abantu baregwa ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka muri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Harerimana Protogene agabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. [20] Mu gusesengura iki kibazo, hakwifashishwa ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00172/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/9/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mutabazi David rwemeje ko mu gutanga igihano Umucamanza yita ku bintu bitandukanye agamije guhana koko uwakoze icyaha, hitawe ku nyungu z’uwahohotewe, iz’uregwa iza sosiyete muri rusange hanagendewe ku buryo icyaha cyakozwe n’ingaruka cyateye, cyane cyane agendereye gutanga igihano gihwanye n’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo. [21] Hari kandi murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 0282/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirangondo Virginie, (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, Igitabo cya mbere, nº 8, Mutarama 2011, page 21-22), uvuga ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano n’iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. [22] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 27/06/2021, Harerimana Protogene abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha asobanura ko yishe Mukarukundo Esperance amuhoye ko yari amutwariye amafaranga ibihumbi 15000 Frw, ko kandi atari ubwa mbere akoze ibyaha kuko yigeze gutema insina z’undi muturage arabifungirwa, ndetse yigeze gukubita umugore we anamuruma amabere n’amatwi. Dosiye igaragaza ko kandi ku wa 06/07/2021, Harerimana Protogene abazwa mu

bushinjacyaha yahakanye icyaha avuga ko ari Furaha wamwishe, ko we icyo yemera ari uko yamwiciye iwe, kandi ko icyo yakoze ari ukumutwaza igihimba kimwe amaze kumucamo ibice 2. [23] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko Harerimana Protogene aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yavuze ko, Mukarukundo yapfiriye iwe mu nzu, ariko ko atari we wamwishe, akaba atanazi icyamwishe, ahubwo ko yabonye ko Mukarukundo amaze kumutwara amafaranga 15.000 Frw aramusaka ayamusanganye mu myenda y’imbere arayamwaka, noneho amukurura ukuboko Mukarukundo yitura hasi ntiyongera gukoma, Harerimana abonye ko yapfuye yigira inama yo kumucamo ibice bibiri (2) ngo abone uko ajyana umurambo kuwuhisha, kugira ngo hatagira umenya ko yapfiriye iwe, akabikurikiranwaho. Naho mu Rukiko Rukuru ajurira avuga ko yahawe ibihano birebire kandi yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi ariko ko yongeraho ko atari agamije kwica nyakwigendera kubera ko nta muntu washyiraho gahunda yo kwica undi ngo narangiza amwicire iwe. [24] Dosiye igaragaza raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 27/06/2021, yagaragaje ko urupfu rwa Mukarukundo Esperance rwatewe no gukomereka mu mutwe kandi ko yishwe aciwemo ibice bibiri. Hakaba n’amafoto agaragaza uburyo Mukarukundo Esperance yishwemo n’aho yakuwe mu rwobo. [25] Urukiko Rurasanga kuba, Harerimana Protogene n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye hatitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi, no kuba yaracyicujije agasobanura uko yagikoze, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa. [26] Rurasanga n’ubwo Harerimana Protogene yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, ariko harebwe uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo yica umuntu yarangiza akamucamo ibice bibiri akajya no kubijugunya mu cyobo agamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso no kugira ngo umurambo utazaboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro, bigaragaza ubugome bw’indengakamere no gutesha agaciro umuntu. Harebwe rero ubwo bugome bukabije yakoranye icyo cyaha Urukiko rurasanga igihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye cyari gikwiye kikaba kitagomba kugabanywa nk’uko abisaba. [27] Ku bijyanye no kuba kandi Harerimana Protogene n’umwunganira bavuga ko, atahawe ubutabera buboneye nk’uko bwasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019, kuko igihano yahawe kitagamije kumugorora ahubwo kigamije kumuheza muri gereza, uru rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00172/2021/CA, ubutabera buboneye butagomba guhabwa uwakoze icyaha gusa ahubwo n’uwakorewe icyaha, sosiyete muri rusange bakwiye guhabwa ubutabera hatangwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe. [28] Urukiko rero, rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa byose, rusanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuburyo rikwiye gukosorwa muri uru Rukiko, ahubwo rukaba rusanga narwo rwemeranya n’urukiko rubanza kubyerekeye ubugome bukabije icyaha cyakoranwe, ndetse n’igihano cyatanzwe. Bityo, impamvu z’ubujurire zikaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa, n’imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00917/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/9/2024, ikaba itagomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Harerimana Protogene nta shingiro bufite; [30] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00917/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/9/2024, idahindutse; [31] Rutegetse ko Harerimana Protogene akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu.