UBUSHINJACYAHA v KINYOGOTE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v KINYOGOTE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-06-26 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RP 00005/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HITIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RS/INJUSȚ/RP 00002/2023/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 29 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha - Imihanire y’icyaha - Icyaha gihanwa hakurikijwe itegeko ryakigengaga igihe cyakorwaga, itegeko rishya rigakurikizwa gusa mu gihe ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Guhindura igihano - Umucamanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Basabose na Uwababyeyi bagiye baha mu bihe bitandukanye Hitimana wari se wabo w’Uwababyeyi amafaranga ngo abagurire ibibanza hanyuma akabigura maze akabyiyandikaho aho kubyandika ku bamutumye, hanyuma akagenda n’abigurisha ntabahe amafaranga yabigurishije. Yaje no kugurisha ubutaka bari baramusigiye kuko bamusigiye n’ibyangombwa byabwo akabeshya abagura ko ba nyirwabwo aribi bamutumye. Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku mvugo ze haba mu bugenzacyaha ndetse no mu bushinjacyaha aho yemeye ibyaha yakekwagaho, bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bumurega icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw). Urega yasobanuye ko ibyaha ashinjwa atigeze abikorwa ko ahubwo yabyemeye kubera gukubitwa. rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha akanasobanura uburyo yagikozemo, rwemeje ko ikirego gifite ishingiro, rumuhamya ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10ans 5mois), rumutegeka kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul indishyi zihwanye na miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw), rwemeza ko ibyerekeye gusubizwa ibibanza byagurishijwe bidasuzumwe. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahawe ibihano biremereye kandi ko urubanza aburana rwakakwiye kuba imbonezamubano. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire budafite ishingiro maze urega yiyambaza inzira z’akarengane. Urubanza rwahawe Urukiko rw’Ubujurire maze ruruburanisha hasuzumwa ibibazo byo kumenya niba urega yarahamijwe ibyaha hirengagijwe amategeko no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa igihano. Asobanura ko mu kumuha ibihano hirengagijwe amategeko kuko yahawe igihano kinini kandi hari itegeko ryirengangijwe rigena ibihano bito aho avuga ko hashingiwe ku itegeko ryahinduwe bityo agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko nubwo hashingiwe ku itegeko ryahinduwe ariko ibihano byo bidakwiye guhinduka kuko ibyaha byakozwe byo bitahindutse. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Icyaha gihanwa hakurikijwe itegeko ryakigengaga igihe cyakorwaga, itegeko rishya rigakurikizwa gusa mu gihe ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje.

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2. Umucamanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ikirego gifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye n’indishyi. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 6, 8, 49, 62, 276, 334 Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 62 Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC, Nditiribambe Samuel na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/03/2020; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciye n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uwababyeyi Diane na Basabose Jean Paul mu bihe bitandukanye bahaye amafaranga Hitimana Hubert akaba sewabo (murumuna wa se) wa Uwababyeyi Diane, kugira ngo amugurire ibibanza. Abo bareze mu Bugenzacyaha ko Hitimana Hubert yabafashije kugura ikibanza gifite No UPI 1/01/08/02/22 kiri mu Mudugudu wa Kagunga, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo, ahimba amasezerano ko ari we wakiguze, hanyuma akigurisha OISIS SOLIDALITY afashijwe na Nsabimana Etienne. [2] Bamureze kandi ko yongeye kugurisha ubutaka UPI 1/01/08/04/476, Basabose Jean Paul yari yaraguze na Ndayisaba Eric, buri mu Mudugudu wa Kiberinka, Akagari ka Rugarama, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo, Hitimana Hubert abugurisha akoresheje kubeshya ko afite “procuration”, abandi akababwira ko ari we Basabose Jean Paul; ubu butaka bukaba bwaranamaze guhererekanwa, ubu bwanditse kuri Mukeshimana Rosette. [3] Banamurega kuba yaragurishije ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/05/05/602, buri mu Mudugudu wa Rubete, Akagari ka Nyarufunzo, Umurenge wa Mageragere, afatanyije na Rucyeribuga Jean Baptiste wari warabugurishije Basabose Jean Paul (ariko bukaba bwari bucyanditse kuri Rucyeribuga Jean Baptiste), babugurisha Izabayo Narcisse. [4] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku ngingo ya 276, 176 na 177 z’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange bwareze Hitimana Hubert, Rucyeribuga Jean Baptiste na Nsabimana Etienne mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa

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Nyarugenge, bubarega icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, bubasabira igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw). [5] Hitimana Hubert yaburanye ahakana ibyaha aregwa avuga ko ibyo bavuga ko yemeye ibyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha atariko biri, ko mu Bugenzacyaha yabyemejwe n’inkoni. Rucyeribuga Jean Baptiste we yireguye avuga ko ikibanza gifiteUPI: UPI: 1/03/02/04/301 giherereye i Nyarufunzo ari icye, ko yakigurishije Hitimana Hubert. Nsabimana Etienne we ntiyireguye kuko yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera. [6] Muri urwo rubanza Basabose Jean Paul yisunze Ubushinjacyaha aregera indishyi asaba gusubizwa ibibanza bye no gusubizwa amafaranga yatanze ku bibanza bitaguzwe. [7] Mu rubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019, rushingiye ku kuba Hitimana Hubert yaremeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha akanasobanura uburyo yagikozemo, rwemeje ko ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri Hitimana Hubert wenyine, rumuhamya ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10ans 5mois), rumutegeka kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul indishyi zihwanye na miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw), rwemeza ko ibyerekeye gusubizwa ibibanza byagurishijwe bidasuzumwe. [8] Hitimana Hubert yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko urubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rurimo amakosa ku bijyanye n’igihe rwasomewe, rutagaragaza ko rwasomewe mu ruhame, aho urukiko rwarusomye ruherereye, n’umwirondoro w’abaregera indishyi utagaragara, niba rwarasomwe ababuranyi bahari cyangwa badahari. Yanavuze ko urubanza ajuririra rwagombaga kuba urw’imbonezamubano, anajurira ko yahawe ibihano biremereye, asaba ko byagabanywa. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko nta nenge iri mu rubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE kuko rwagombaga gusomwa ku wa 12/07/2019, rwimurirwa ku wa 19/07/2019, kandi uwo munsi rusubikwa hari mu ruhame kandi Hitimana Hubert yari ahari, akaba azi n’aho urubanza rwasomewe, ibindi ari agakosa k’imyandikire. [10] Mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ko Hitimana Hubert ubwe yagiye yiyemerera icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha kandi atagaragaza ko yaba yarabyemejwe ku gahato, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rudahindutse. [11] Hitimana Hubert yaje gusaba ko urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021 rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu cyemezo No 081/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 07/06/2023, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rukandikwa mu bitabo byabugenewe kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha. [12] Urubanza rwahawe Nº RS/INJUSȚ/RP 00002/2023/CA ruhamagazwa kuburanishwa ku wa 01/04/2025 ariko uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kuko ntacyagaragazaga ko Hitimana Hubert yahamagajwe ndetse na nyuma yabwo rwakomeje kwimurwa ku mpamvu zinyuranye, kugeza

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ubwo rwaburanishijwe ku wa 16/05/2025, Hitimana Hubert yunganiwe na Me Zirunguye Felix, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, naho Uwababyeyi Diane na Basabose Jean Paul bahagarariwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel. [13] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko yasabye ko urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 6,8 na 276 n’iya 334 z’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rigena igihano gito, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5) bituma arengana; ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese kuko iyo ruza gusuzuma amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ibibanza aregwa kugurisha rwari kubona ko iki ari ikirego mbonezamubano, aho kuba ikirego nshinjabyaha. [14] Basaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire kwemeza ko ikirego cye gifite ishingiro, ibyemezo byose yafatiwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpambu z’akarengane bigateshwa agaciro, no kwemeza ko ndishyi Hitimana Hubert yategetswe kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane ntazo bakwiye. [15] Mu miburanire yabo basaba kandi ko Hitimana Hubert yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yiregura avuga ko kuba inkiko zombi (Urukiko Rwisumbuye n’Urukiko Rukuru) zarashingiye ku ngingo ya 609 y’ Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, habayeho kwirengagiza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, bityo ko impamvu Hitimana Hubert ashingiraho asaba ko urubanza No RPA01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, y’uko hirengagijwe amategeko, ifite ishingiro, ariko ko igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5) kigumaho kuko ibyaha yakoze bigize impurirane mpuzamugambi. [17] Kubyo Hitimana Hubert avuga ko yagombaga kuburanishwa n’inkiko ziburanisha imanza mbonezamubano, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta shingiro bifite kuko ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho byemeza nta shiti ko yahimbye amasezerano atandukanye agamije kwambura abantu ibibanza byabo, kandi ibyo yabyemeye nta gahato ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha. [18] Uhagarariye Uwababyeyi Diane na Basabose Jean Paul avuga ko nawe asanga igihano kimaze kuvugwa Hitimana Hubert yahawe cyagumaho. Akomeza avuga ko Uwababyeyi Diane na Basabose Jean Paul bemera ko icyemezo gitegeka Hitimana Hubert kubasubiza amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda (6,900,000Frw) baguze ibibanza kivanwaho hagasigara gusa indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza, gushorwa mu manza n’igarama bingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600,000Frw), bityo ibijyanye n’indishyi z’amafaranga baguze ibibanza cyangwa kugaruza ibibanza bakazabikurikirana mu zindi nzira. Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Hitimana Hubert kwishyura abo ahagarariye amafaranga y’ikurukiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kubera kubashora muri uru rubanza. [19] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’impande zombi, harasuzumwa ingingo zikurikira:

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• Kumenya niba Hitimana Hubert yarahamijwe ibyaha hirengagijwe amategeko • Kumenya niba mu rubanza No RPA01309/2019/HC/KIG harirengagijwe ko ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert yarezwe ari iby’ibyimbonezamubano aho kuba iby’inshinjabyaha; • Kumenya niba Hitimana Hubert yagabanyirizwa igihano • Kumenya niba indishyi Hitimana Hubert yategetswe kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane zakurwaho; • Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurukiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane basaba kuri uru rwego bayahabwa. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Hitimana Hubert yarahamijwe ibyaha hirengagijwe amategeko [20] Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KlG rujurirwa, yahamijwe ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, kwambura ikintu cy'undi hakoreshejwe amayeri no kugurisha ikintu cy'undi, ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5), anategekwa kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul indishyi zingana n'amafaranga miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw). Bakavuga ko yahanwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 609 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana1 (ryariho igihe ibyaha aregwa byakorwaga), iteganya igihano cy’igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza kumyaka 7 n’ihazabu kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw, hirengagijwe ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2 ryariho mu gihe Hitimana Hubert yacirirwaga urubanza, iteganya ibihano nk’ibyo, ariko riha umucamanza kuba yahanisha ushinjwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano. Bavuga ko kubyirengagiza byateye Hitimana Hubert akarengane, kuko yahawe igihano kiremereye kubera ko igihano gito cyashobokaga giteganwa n’iryo tegeko ari ihazabu itari hejuru ya miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw). [21] Basobanura ko ingingo ya 6 y’iryo Tegeko No 68/2018, iteganya ko mu gihe hari amategeko ahana, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryatangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, ko itegeko rishya ari ryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje; ko kuba mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KlG iryo Tegeko ryarirengagijwe byatumye Hitimana Hubert ahabwa ibihano biremereye, akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5), bimutera akarengane kiyongera ku guhanirwa ibyaha

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “ ... umuntu wese uhimba amasezerano,ahanishwa igihano kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza kumyaka 7 nihazabu y`amafranga yu Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw).” 2 Ingingo ya 276 itaganya ibikurikira: “ Umuntu wese uhimba cyangwa uhindura mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose inyandiko cyangwa ikindi kintu cyanditseho igitekerezo, ashyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe bitari byo, yonona inyandiko cyangwa imikono, asimbuza abantu abandi, ahimba amasezerano, imiterere y’ingingo zayo, igitegetswe gukorwa cyangwaicyarangije kwemeranywa, aba akoze icyaha. Umuntu wese, ku bw’uburiganya, wandika, wandikisha ibintu bidahuye n’ukuri cyangwa ukora imenyekanisha ritari ryo afatwa nk’uwakoze icyaha cyo gukora ibihimbano.

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atakoze, akaba asaba uru Rukiko kumurenganura, kandi ko rubibonye ukundi rwamuhanisha ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw). [22] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko mu gihe hari amategeko ahana abiri, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ni ryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje; ko ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert aregwa byakozwe hari Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, kandi ko kuba ibyaha yahamijwe byari bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi, igihano giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 609 aricyo cyagombaga gushingirwaho kuko aricyo kiruta ibindi. [23] Akomeza avuga ko ibihano biteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo ya 609 ari igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) kugeza kuri irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw), mu gihe ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ibihano bimwe by’igifungo ariko ihazabu ikaba ari kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. ….” [24] Asobanura ko hasesenguwe izo ngingo zombi, iya 609 n’iya 276, ingingo ya 276 ari yo iteganya ibihano byoroheje (la loi la plus douce) kuko ariyo iha umucamanza amahitamo yo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano cy’ihazabu gusa kandi kikaba ari cyo gihano gito ugereranije n’igihano cy’igifungo. Avuga ko kuba abacamanza bo mu nkiko zombi (Urukiko Rwisumbuye n’Urukiko Rukuru) barashingiye ku ngingo ya 609 y’ Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, habayeho kwirengagiza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 6 yavuzwe haruguru, bityo iyo mpamvu Hitimana Hubert ashingiraho asubirisahamo urubanza ikaba ifite ishingiro, ariko asaba Urukiko kugumishaho ibihano Hitimana Hubert yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ibyaha yakoze bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba mu urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG harirengagijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 6,8 na 276 n’iya 334 z’tegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, bigatuma Hitimana Hubert arengana. [26] Ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryakurikizwaga mu gihe Hitimana Hubert yacirwaga urubanza, iteganya ko: “Mu gihe hari amategeko ahana, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ni ryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje.’’

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[27] Ingingo ya 8 y’iryo Tegeko igira iti: “Itegeko rireka gukurikizwa ku cyaha cyakozwe rikiriho iyo ryavuyeho urubanza kuri icyo cyaha rutaracibwa burundu, keretse iyo itegeko rishya ribiteganya ukundi.” [28] Ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “...umuntu wese uhimba amasezerano, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafranga y’uRwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw) ariko atarenga miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) cyangwa kimwe gusa muribyo bihano.” [29] Ingingo ya 334 y’iryo Tegeko No 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 nayo iteganya ko ingingo zose z’amategeko aribanziriza kandi zinyuranyije na ryo zivanyweho; mu gika cya 2 cy’iyo ngingo, igakomeza igira iti: “Icyakora, icyaha cyakozwe mbere y’uko iri tegeko ritangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda gihanwa hakurikijwe itegeko ryakigengaga keretse mu gihe iri tegeko riteganya ibihano byoroheje.” Iyi ngingo yuzuzanya n’iya 6 ndetse n’iya 8 zavuzwe haruguru ku bijyanye n’imihanire, kuko icyaha gihanwa hakurikijwe itegeko ryakigengaga igihe cyakorwaga, itegeko rishya rigakurikizwa gusa mu gihe ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje. [30] Mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje uko impurirane mbonezamugambi n’impurirane mbonezabyaha bihanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 61 na 62 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange (igika cya 24), rwemeza (mu gika cya 25) ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwagaragaje ko ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert yakoze bigize impurirane y’ibyaha bituma rutanga igihano yahanishijwe, maze rwemeza (mu gika cya 32) ko urubanza Hitimana Hubert yari yajuririye No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019 rudahindutse. [31] Muri urwo rubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2019 (mu igika cya 33), Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze Hitimana Hubert ahamwa n’impurirane y’ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, rumuhana rushingiye ku ngingo ya 84, agace ka 1, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryashyiragaho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana (Itegeko ryariho igihe ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert aregwa byakorwaga) ivuga ko “Iyo ku gikorwa kimwe gusa cyangwa byinshi, uwakoze icyaha yari guhanishwa ibihano byinshi byo gufungwa cyangwa by’ihazabu, umucamanza amuhanisha igihano kiruta ibindi yongera igihe cyangwa umubare bitewe n’uburyo ibyaha byakozwe ariko ntarenze urugero ntarengwa wongeyeho icya kabiri (1/2) cy’icyo gihano kirushije ibindi gukomera.”; bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) ku cyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano kuko aricyo gihano kiruta ibindi biteganyijwe ku byaha yahamijwe, rwongeraho ½ cyayo (7÷2=3.5) bitewe n’uburemere bw’uburyo ibyo byaha byakozwemo, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5). [32] Kubijyanye n’igihano cy’icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, igihano kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) ni cyo cyateganywaga

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n’ingingo ya 609 na 610 z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru3 (ari ryo Tegeko ryariho igihe ibyaha Hitimana Hubert ashinjwa byakorwaga), ariko Urukiko mu kumuhana rukaba rwaritaye gusa ku gihano cy’igifungo, ihazabu rurayihorera4; naho n’ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru (Itegeko ryariho mu gihe urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwacibwaga kuwa 17/12/2021) kuri icyo cyaha iteganya “igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafranga y’uRwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw) ariko atarenga miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) cyangwa kimwe gusa muribyo bihano.”; bisobanuye ko umushingamategeko yongereye igihano cy’ihazabu, akanaha umucamanza ububasha bwo guhitamo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyo cyaha, igifungo n’ihazabu cyangwa kimwe muri byo; kuba Hitimana Hubert avuga ko yashoboraga guhanishwa ihazabu gusa nk’igihano gito giteganywa n’iryo tegeko, bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko umucamanza adategetswe kumuhanisha kwishyura ihazabu, kandi Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarasanze nta mpamvu yumvikana asobanura rwashingiraho rumugabanyiriza ibihano5. [33] Kubyo Hitimana Hubert anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwagombaga kumugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya ryariho igihe urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rwacibwaga, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo bikwiye kureberwa kucyo iryo tegeko riteganya ku mihanire y’impurirane mbonezabyaha Hitimana Hubert yahamijwe, hakarebwa niba Itegeko rishya ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 6,8 na 334 zaryo zagaragajwe haruguru zihuriza ku kuba itegeko rishya rikurikizwa gusa igihe ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje. [34] Ku byerekeranye no guhana impurirane mbonezabyaha, ingingo ya 84, igika cya 1 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryashyiragaho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ariryo Tegeko ryariho igihe Hitimana Hubert yakoraha impurirane y’ibyaha aregwa ivuga ko “Iyo ku gikorwa kimwe gusa cyangwa byinshi, uwakoze icyaha yari guhanishwa ibihano byinshi byo gufungwa cyangwa by’ihazabu, umucamanza amuhanisha igihano kiruta ibindi yongera igihe cyangwa umubare bitewe n‟uburyo ibyaha byakozwe ariko ntarenze urugero ntarengwa wongeyeho icya kabiri (1/2) cy’icyo gihano kirushije ibindi gukomera.” [35] Ingingo ya 62, igika cya 3, 2o, y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange (Itegeko rishya ryariho mu gihe urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG Hitimana Hubert asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rwacibwaga ku wa 17/12/2021), iteganya ko mu gihe cy’impurirane mbonezabyaha, umucamanza atanga ibihano kuri buri cyaha maze akabiteranya, ariko akubahiriza ibi bikurikira: “igiteranyo cy’ibihano by’igifungo kimara

3 Ingingo ya 609 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryashyiragaho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana igihe ibi bikorwa byaregewe byakorwaga : “Umuntu wese uhimba cyangwa uhindura mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose inyandiko, ashyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe bitari byo, yonona inyandiko cyangwa imikono, asimbuza abantu abandi, ahimba amasezerano, imiterere y’ingingo zayo, igitegetswe gukorwa cyangwa icyarangije kwemeranywa, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000).” naho 610 yaryo ikavuga ko umuntu wese uzi ko inyandiko ari impimbano, akayikoresha ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ahanishwa ibihano bimwe nk’iby’uwayihimbye. 4 Urubanza RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hitimana Hubert igika cya 32; Urubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019, haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Hitimana Hubert n’abandi, igika cya 28. 5 Idem; Urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG, igika 25.

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igihe kizwi ntigishora kurenga inshuro ebyiri (2) z’urwego ntarengwa rw’igihano kirushije ibindi gukomera”. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo Hitimana Hubert ahanwa hakurikijwe iri Tegeko yashoboraga guhanishwa igiteranyo cy’ibihano by’igifungo by’ibyaha yahamijwe aribyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi, ariko igihano cy’impurirane y’ibyo byaha ntikirenge inshuro ebyiri (2) z’urwego ntarengwa rw’igihano kirushije ibindi gukomera, (urwego ntarengwa ni imyaka irindwi (7) ku icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano nk’uko giteganywa n’ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru), bivuze ko yashoboraga no guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), ari zo nshuro ebyiri zacyo. [36] Rurasanga nyamara mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko urubanza Hitimana Hubert yaciriwe ku rwego rwa mbere rudahindutse, bituma hagumaho igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5); mu kugena icyo gihano, Urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere rukaba rwarashingiwe ku ngingo ya 84, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryashyiragaho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana yavuzwe haruguru, rufata igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) ku cyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, ari cyo gihano kiruta ibindi ku mpurirane y’ibyaha yakoze, ruracyongera kubera uburemere rw’ibyo byaha ariko icyo rwongereyeho ntirwarenza kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’icyo gihano, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5). [37] Nyuma y’iryo sesengura, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryashingiweho (mu ngingo yaryo yaryo ya 84) mu guhana Hitimana Hubert, ari ryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje ku bijyanye no guhana impurirane y’ibyaha, aho kuba Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange (ingingo ya 62). [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, Urukiko Rukuru rutarirengagije ingingo ya 6, iya 8, iya 276 n’iya 334 z’Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko Hitimana Hubert yahaniwe impurirane y’ibyaha hakurikijwe Itegeko ryariho mu gihe ibyaha akurikiranyweho byakorwaga, kandi nk’uko byagarajwe rikaba ari ryo ryateganyaga igihano cyoroheje, kigereranyijwe n’igiteganywa n’iri Tegeko. Bityo, ibyo Hitimana Hubert avuga ko mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 17/12/2021 hirengagijwe amategeko bikaba byaramuteye akarengane bikaba nta shingiro bifite. 1. 2. Kumenya niba mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG harirengagijwe ko ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert yarezwe byari kuburanishwa n’urukiko ruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano [39] Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko yaburanishijwe mu manza nshinjabyaha kandi ibikorwa yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha n’abaregeye indishyi ari bo Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane, bikomoka ku masezerano mbonezamubano ashingiye ku kugura ibibanza no kubigurisha. [40] Hitimana Hubert avuga ko yaguriye Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane ubutaka bugizwe n’ikibanza gifite No UPI 1/01/08/02/22, No UPI 1/01/08/04/476 na No UPI 1/01/05/05/602. Asobanura ko ikibanza No UPI 1/01/08/02/22 cyaguzwe mu byiciro 3 biturutse kuba HAKUZIMANA Jean Paul wari nyiracyo yarakeneraga amafaranga akagenda akamukatiraho, ariyo mpamvu ari amasezerano ane (4) atandukanye yakiguzeho, arimo ayo ku wa 24/04/2016 yakozwe mu izina ry’ugurisha, ayo ku wa 17/7/2016 yakozwe mu izina rya Hitimana

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Hubert, ayo ku wa 21/10/2016 yasinye “PO” mu mwanya wa Basabose Jean Paul n’amasezerano yakozwe ku yindi tariki atibuka nayo yakozwe mu izina rye bwite nka Hitimana Hubert. [41] Akomeza avuga ko ikibanza No UPI 1/01/08/04/476 yakiguze na Ndayisaba Eric wari warakiguze na Munyezamu Emmanuel apfa kikimwanditseho, amasezerano y’ubugure akaba yarakozwe mu mazina ya Basabose Jean Paul ariko ari Hitimana Hubert uhari nk’umuguzi, mu kugurisha aba ariwe (Hitimana Hubert) ukigurisha uwitwa Rosette ahita acyandikwaho. [42] Ku byerekeranye n’ikibanza No UPI 1/01/05/05/602, Hitimana Hubert avuga ko ubutaka bwari bwanditse kuri Rukeribuga n’umugore we, akaba ari Rukeribuga yashyikiriye amafaranga bagirana amasezerano, ariko bandika ko ari Basabose Jean Paul uguze kuko ariwe wabaga wamuhaye amafaranga. Akomeza avuga ko mu kugurisha icyo kibanza Hitimana Hubert ubwe ariwe wakigurishije, kandi ko amafaranga yacyo atayahaye Basabose Jean Paul kuko ngo yari kuyakoresha yazabona ikindi kibanza akakimugurira. [43] Hitimana Hubert avuga amafaranga yaguga ibyo bibanza byose habaga harimo n’aya Basabose Jean Paul n’Uwababyeyi Diane, ko yari afitanye nabo amasezerano atanditse nk’abantu bo mu muryango we; ko bitewe n’akazi yakoraga ka buri munsi ko kugura no kugurisha ubutaka bari barumvikanye ko bazajya bamuha amafaranga yabo akabagurira ibibanza cyangwa akayakoresha kugira ngo akemure ibibazo yabaga yagize kuko yari azi ko igihe cyose bari kumvikana azayabasubiza cyangwa akabaha ubutaka yari afite bumwanditseho. Avuga ko igihe kimwe yaguraga ubutaka akabashyira amasezerano bakayashyiraho umukono ubundi akaba ariwe uyasinya mu mazinaye bwite, ariko ko agurisha yagurishije wenyine kandi ko kuba nta mafaranga yabahaye ari uko yari kuzabagurira ibindi bibanza. [44] Akomeza avuga ko ubwabo bashoboraga kuca mu muryango ibibazo bafitanye bigakemuka cyangwa bikajya mu Rukiko rubifitiye ububasha, bityo ko byari kuburanishwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi nk’umuntu kuko ubwe yari umucuruzi waguraga akanagurisha ibibanza cyangwa bakaregera inkiko mbonezamubano kuko ayo masezerano bagiranye ashingiye ku cyizere bagiranye nk’abavandimwe, ariko ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwabyirengagije, bigatera Hitimana Hubert akarengane ko guhanirwa ibyaha atakoze, aburana mu nkiko mpanabyaha zidafite ububasha, hirengagijwe ibiteganwa n’ingingo ya 29 agace ka 3° y’Itegeko-Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo muri 2003 ryavuguruwe muri 2015, iteganya uburenganzira bwo kuburanira imbere y’inkiko zibifitiye ububasha. [45] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibirebana no kuba Hitimana Hubert yaragombaga kuburanishwa n’inkiko ziburanisha imanza mbonezamubano nta shingiro bifite kuko ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho byemeza nta shiti ko yahimbye amasezerano atandukanye agamije kwambura abantu batandukanye amasambu kandi ibyo yabyemeye nta gahato ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha. [46] Avuga ko ibyo bikorwa yakoze kandi yemera bigize ibyaha yahamijwe, bityo ko Urukiko Rukuru rutirengagije imyiregurire ye kuri iki kibazo, ahubwo rwagisesenguye rusanga ibikorwa yakoze bigize ibyaha kuko bidashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure nk’uko abivuga ahubwo bishingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure yahimbye.

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[47] Uhagarariye Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane avuga ko Hitimana Hubert yabashyiraga amasezerano y’ubugure bakayasinya, ko ikibazo cyaje kuvuka mu gihe cyo kurigurisha, ariho haje inyandiko mpimbano kuko Hitimana Hubert yasinyaga yiyitirira Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane nk’uko mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG Urukiko Rukuru rwabishimangiye. Avuga kandi ko Hitimana Hubert ubwe yemera ko yagiye agurisha batabivuganye ndetse akemera ko yanabasinyiraga, ibyo bikaba bigize icyaha cy’inyandiko mpimbano. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [48] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibikorwa Hitimana Hubert yakoze bishingiye ku masezerano mbonezamubano yayagiranye n’abagize umuryango we yo kugura no kugurisha ibibanza, mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, hakaba harirengagijwe ko byari kuburanishwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi cyangwa inkiko ziburanisha imanza mbonezamubano. [49] Mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ( igika cya 19), ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya ibyaha Hitimana Hubert ni uko mu Bugenzacyaha ndetse no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye ko yahimbye amasezerano y’ubugure igihe Uwababyeyi Diane yamwoherereje amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane (1,400,000Frw) ngo amugurire ikibanza, Hitimana Hubert nyuma ahimba amasezerano ya baringa agaragaza ko ari we aguze ikibanza ku mafaranga angana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1,500,000Frw) kandi atari byo. Muri izo nzego kandi Hitimana Hubert yemeye ko hari ibibanza bitatu bya Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane yagurishije batabizi, abikora kubera icyizere bari baramugiriye kuko bari baramusigiye ibyangombwa by’ibyo bibanza, yifashisha ibyo byangombwa yongera kubigurisha, abeshya ko ari ba nyirabyo bamutumye azabashyira amafaranga. [50] Mu gika cya 21 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta kigaragaza ko ibyo Hitimana Hubert yemeye, yabyemejwe n’agahato, rusanga atavuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuhamya ibyaha kandi ari we ufite inshingano yo kwerekana ko ibyo yakoze bitagize icyaha, ahubwo ko ari iby’imbonezamubano, rwemeza ko ibyo yaburanaga avuga ko ibikorwa aregwa, byagombaga kuburanishwa mu nkiko mbonezamubano, nta shingiro bifite. [51] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko amasezerano yakoze atari amahimbano kuko yari yaragiranye icyizera na Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane nk’abavandimwe be, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu miburaniye ye muri uru Rukiko, Hitimana Hubert ubwe yemeye ko yakoze amasezerano y’ubugure, atabyumvikanyeho na Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane, agurisha ubutaka butari ubwe (bwabo), bugizwe n’ibibanza bifite UPI: 1/01/08/02/22, UPI: 1/01/08/04/476 na UPI: 1/01/05/05/602. Mu kugurisha ikibanza gifite No UPI 1/01/08/02/22, yasobanuye hashingiwe ku masezerano yakoze ku wa 24/04/2016 mu izina ry’ugurisha, ayo kuwa 17/7/2016 yakozwe mu izina rya Hitimana Hubert, ayo kuwa 21/10/2016 yasinye “PO” n’amasezerano yakozwe ku yindi tariki atibuka nayo yakoze mu izina rye bwite nka Hitimana Hubert. [52] Mu kugurisha ibindi bibanza, Hitimana Hubert ubwe yemera ko hari igihe yatangaga amafaranga yahawe na Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane, ariko ibibanza aguze

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bikandikwa kuri Hitimana Hubert, bisobanuye ko bamuhaga amafaranga yo kubagurira ibibanza ubugure bukandikwa mu mazina ye bwite, bigatuma abona uko yongera kubigurisha abamuhaye amafaranga batabizi, yanabigurisha ntayahe Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane bamuhaye amafaranga yabyo. [53] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Hitimana Hubert avuga ko yari afitanye amasezerano atanditse na Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane, nta kibigaragaza mu gihe ubwe yemera ibibanza yabiguraga mu mafaranga bamuhaye, kandi ko batigeze bamutuma kubagurira ubutaka ngo narangiza abwiyandikisheho mazina ye, nyuma ngo yongere abugurishe batabizi, bityo ibyo avuga ko ibikorwa yakoze bishingiye ku masezerano mbonezamubano cyangwa ay’ubucuruzi bw’ibibanza bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [54] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero Hitimana Hubert ataraburanishijwe n’inkiko zidafite ububasha nk’uko abivuga, kuko ibikorwa aregwa bigize impurirane y’ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi nk’uko inkiko zabanje zabimuhamije, bityo akarengane avuga yagize mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, kakaba ari ntako. 2. 3. Kumenya niba Hitimana Hubert yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha [55] Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira mu miburanire yabo basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. [56] Ubushinjacyaha ntacyo bwavuze kuri iyi ingingo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [57] Iyi ngingo ntiri mu mpamvu zashingiweho Hitimana Hubert asubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG ndetse ntiri no mu mwanzuro we, uretse kuba umwunganira yarayivugiye mu iburanisha. [58] Mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/03/2020 haburana Nditiribambe Samuel na bagenzi be, rwasobanuwe ko imbago z’ikiburanwa zongera kureberwa no ku byaburanwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane6. [59] Mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengan (gika cya 25), Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Hitimana Hubert asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ariko mu

6 Agatabo k’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kagaragaza imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Kanama 2022, urupapuro rwa 49. “Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye kandi ko “kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi bundi bushya bidakwiye kumvikana nko kwirengagiza ko hari izindi manza zabaye mbere y’uko ruregerwa akarengane, ko ahubwo imbago z’ikiburanwa zigomba kureberwa mu byaburanwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko aribyo fatizo rya byose, ariko kuko ibirego bimwe hari ubwo bigenda bitakara mu nzira z’ubujurire ku bushake bw’ababuranyi, zikongera kureberwa no ku byaburanwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane.”

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by’ukuri adasobanura impamvu yumvikana urukiko rwashingiraho rumugabanyiriza ibihano, bityo ko ibyo asaba nta shingiro bifite. [60] Ibijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu bujurire, uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciye ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [61] Hashingiwe kuri uwo murongo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe mu ngingo ya mbere yasuzumwe muri uru rubanza, Hitimana Hubert yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5) ku mpurirane y’ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi. Harebwe uburemere bw’ibyo byaha byose yahamijwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru nta tegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo rwakoresheje mu buryo butari bwo mu kwemeza ko icyo gihano Hitimana Hubert yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kigumaho, kuko n’ubwo avuga ko aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha, yabikoze ashishikaye akora ibyaha byinshi icyarimwe ku buryo agomba guhanirwa impurirane y’ibyaha yakoze, bityo ibyo asaba byo kuganyirizwa igihano, bikaba nta shingiro bifite. 3. 4. Kumenya niba indishyi Hitimana Hubert yategetswe kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane zavanwaho [62] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire yabo, Hitimana Hubert n’Avoka umwunganira basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ndishyi yategetswe kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane zikurwaho kuko ntazo bakwiye. [63] Uhagarariye Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane avuga ko mu manza zabanje Urukiko rwemeje ko uburenganzira basabaga ku butaka rutabusuzuma ariko rutegeka ko Hitimana Hubert abasubiza amafaranga batanze bagura ubwo butaka angana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw) nyamara ntabyo basabye, runamutegeka kubasubiza amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama n’ikurikiranarubanza bingana n’ibihumbi Magana atandatu (600,000Frw) yose hamwe akaba miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw). [64] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwakoze ikosa ryo gutanga ikitarasabwe kitanaburanweho, kubera iyo mpamvu, akavuga ko Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane bemera ko icyemezo gitegeka Hitimana Hubert kubasubiza amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw) baguze ibibanza kivanwaho hagasigara gusa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka kubera gushorwa mu manza n’igarama kuko ibijyanye no kugaruza ibibanza nyir’izina bazabikurikirana mu zindi nzira amategeko abemerera, cyane cyane ko ikibanza No UPI 1/01/08/02/22 bamaze kukigaruza.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [65] Harasuzumwa niba mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu y’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwraakoze amakosa yo gutegeka Hitimana Hubert gusubiza Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw) batanze bagura ubutaka nyamara ntabyo basabye. [66] Mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane (igika cya 29), Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ibijyanye n’uburenganzira ku butaka bwagiye bugurwa bukagurishwa n’ibirebana n’ibyabutakajweho byose, bitagomba gusuzumirwa muri uru rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha, ahubwo byaregerwa urukiko rw’imbonezamubano rubifitiye ububasha; rwemeza ko kubijyanye n’indishyi zinyuranye basaba muri uru rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire, rusanga nazo batazihabwa kuko urukiko rwisumbuye rwazibageneye kandi ntacyo bazinenga kuko batigeze bazijuririra; mu gika cya 31, rwemeza ko ari nta ndishyi zitanzwe muri uru rubanza kuko abazisaba bazihawe ku rwego rwa mbere. Naho mu gika cya 32, rwemeza ko Urubanza No RP01202/2018/TGI/NYGE Hitimana Hubert yajuririye rudahindutse. [67] Mu rubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019, (igika cya 35), urwo Rukiko rwategetse Hitimana Hubert kwishyura Basabose Jean d’Amour indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw), mu gika cya 36, rwemeza ko ibyerekeye gusubizwa ibibanza byagurishijwe bidasuzumwe. [68] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwasuzumye “ibyerekeye indishyi no kureba niba umutungo uregerwa kuba waragurishijwe n’utari nyirawo waherako ugaruzwa mu kirego cy’inshinjabyaha”, aho mu gika cya 29 Basabose Jean Paul yavugaga ko yatakaje amafaranga yose hamwe miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw) we n’umugore we Uwababyeyi Diane bahaye Hitimana Hubert kugira ngo abagurire ibibanza bitatu (3), UPI 1/01/08/02/22 na UPI 1/01/08/04/476 na UPI 1/01/05/05/602, akabigura ariko akabaca inyuma akabigurisha abandi; bagasaba ko basubizwa ibibanza baguze. Bagaragaje ko batakaje ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000Frw) y’igarama, ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) yo gukurikirana urubanza, n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itanu (450,000Frw) y’indishyi zo kwiyambaza urukiko bagakururuka mu manza, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi Magana atanu (7,500 000Frw). [69] Mu giki cya 30 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko rutafata icyemezo kubyo abaregera indishyi basaba ko basubizwa ibibanza baguze, kuko bisaba kureba niba amasezerano y’ubugure yagiye abikorwaho afite agaciro cyangwa atagafite, no kureba niba hagati aho nta bikorwa abahaguze bamaze kuhashyira kandi na byo biba bigomba gufatwaho ibyemezo, iko ibyo ari ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa n’inkiko mbonezamubano; ko urukiko nshinjabyaha rusuzuma gusa ibyerekeye ikirego cy’indishyi gusa...ariko ibyo gusuzuma niba ibibanza byamaze kugurishwa n’uregwa bisubizwa cyangwa bidasubizwa, keretse ababiregera bagaragaza bidashidikanywaho ko nta kindi kintu kirakorwamo. [70] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko ibijyanye n’uburenganzira ku butaka bwagiye bugurwa bukagurishwa n’ibirebana n’ibyabutakajweho byose bitagomba gusuzumirwa muri uru rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha, rukemeza ko urubanza No RP

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01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwari rwajuririwe icyo gihe rudahindutse, iyo ari inenge kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo kwemeza ko ibirebana n’ibyatakajwe byose byose ku butaka bitagomba gusuzumirwa muri uru rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha, rwagomba gukosora amakosa yakozwe ku rwego rwa mbere yo gutegeka Hitimana Hubert gusubiza Basabose Jean Paul amafaranga yatanze abugura angana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw), rukemeza ko urubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse kubyerekeranye n’izo ndishyi. [71] Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza rusubiramo ku mpamvu y’akarengane urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, Hitimana Hubert, n’abaregera indishyi bose bemeranya ko indishyi zimaze kuvugwa ntazagomba gutangwa kuko ikirego cyazo cyatandukanyijwe n’icy’inshinjabyaha, bityo zikaba zikuweho Hitimana Hubert akaba ategetswe gusa kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza agizwe n’ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000Frw) y’igarama, ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) yo gukurikirana urubanza n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itanu (450,000Frw) yo gushorwa mu manza nk’uko yemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere. 4. 5. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane basaba kuri uru rwego bayahabwa [72] Uhagarariye Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane avuga ko kubera gushorwa muri uru rubanza, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Hitimana Hubert kubishyura amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [73] Hitimana Hubert ntacyo yavuze ku birebana n’amafaranga Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane basaba. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [74] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza.” [75] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyagiye kuri uru rubanza Basabose Jean Paul na Uwababyeyi Diane basaba ko Hitimana Hubert ategekwa kubishyura ntayo bakwiye guhabwa, kuko byagaragaye ko hari ibyo uyu yari yarenganyijweho mu rubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, akaba yarenganuwe uru Rukiko rukuraho indishyi yari yategetswe kwishyura bidakwiye, bityo buri muburanyi akaba akwiye kwirengera ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[76] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Hitimana Hubert cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, gifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye n’indishyi. [77] Rwemeje ko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’amezi atanu (10.5) kidahindutse. [78] Rwemeje ko amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana acyenda (6,900,000Frw), akurwa muri miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu (7,500,000Frw) Hitimana Hubert yategetswe kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul ku rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza No RP 01202/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019. [79] Rutegetse Hitimana Hubert kwishyura Basabose Jean Paul ibihumbi magana atandatu (600,000Frw). [80] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.