UBUSHINJACYAHA v ITANGISHAKA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v ITANGISHAKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00916/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00916/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] ategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya undu - Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ndetse hazabu iteganyijwe icyo cyaha, ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane hazabu nto. amake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 08/01/2022, abapolisi basatse imodoka yavaga I Shyorongi angamo urumogi udupfunyika 140 rwari rufitwe na Itangishaka. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya ioni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). gwa yaburanye yemera icyaha, urukiko rusanga kimuhama rumuhansiha igifungo cy’imyaka kumyabiri (20 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe(21.000.000Frw). uregwa uririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko yagabnyirizwa icyaha kuko yaburanye mera icyaha, ubushinjacyaha nabwo bukavuga ko yagabanyirizwa agahanishwa igifungo imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu. Urukiko rwamuhanishije igihano igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga a (5.000.100 Frw). gwa yongeye kujurira urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa, kiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Itangishaka Eric akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. ngishaka asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’ubutabera, no a yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge kaba yahabwa igihano gito kiri munsi giteganywa n’itegeko nkuko byagiye bikorwa ku manza zitandukanye ku bantu bakoze icyaha icye. ushinjacyaha busobanura ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko imanza avuga zashingirwaho zitagikoreshwa kuko itegeko zashingiraga ryahinduwe. hamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa hano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, tse n’ihazabu iteganyijwe icyo cyaha, ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe kane cy’ihazabu nto. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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anza zifashishijwe: AA 00364/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Harorimana Abel; AA 00441/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyombabazi Anitha, n’izindi. ubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA Ku itariki ya 08/01/2022, abapolisi bo mu muhanda ubwo basakaga imodoka yaturukaga i yorongi mu rwego rwo kureba abarimo niba bubahirije amabwiriza ya Covid 19, bafatanye ngishaka Eric udupfunyika 140 tw’urumogi, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, aha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama, hanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Itangishaka Eric, yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gutunda ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi, banura ko hari umuntu wari wamuhaye ikiraka cyo kumujyanira udupfunyika 140 tw’urumogi igali aruvanye mu Kivuruga. Mu rubanza N° RP 00218/2022/TGI/GIC, rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2022, Urukiko isumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rwasanze ukwemera icyaha kwa Itangishaka Eric mu nzego perereza ndetse no mu Rukiko, aho agaragaza ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 140 tw’urumogi vanye mu Kivuruga arujyanye i Kigali, kumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo bwoko bw’urumogi. Rwemeza ko ahamwe nicyo cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka kumyabiri (20 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe(21.000.000Frw). Rutegeka ko mogi Itangishaka Eric yafatanwe rutwikwa. Itangishaka Eric yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yaburanye yemera aha akanagisabira imbabazi ariko ahabwa ibihano birebire. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no isubikirwa kugira ngo asubire muri sosiyete nyarwanda, asobanura ko ibyo biyobyabwenge atanwe ari ibyoroheje. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Itangishaka Eric akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe itegeko rishya, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Mu rubanza N° RPA 00627/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 16/08/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, uma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Itangishaka Eric, rwasanze, kuba yeremeye icyaha,

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Itangishaka Eric yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 16/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/07/2025, Itangishaka Eric yunganiwe na Me agiramungu Callixte, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, ushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. Itangishaka Eric mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru aramugabanyirije ibihano uko bikwiye kandi afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, asaba abanyirizwa ibihano. Me Twagiramungu Callixte umwunganira, nawe amusabira abanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha mu nzego zose kuva mu Bugenzacyaha kugeza mu kiko Rukuru ndetse no mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire akomeza kwemera icyaha no kugisabira babazi. ] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Itangishaka Eric zidafite ishingiro ko yagabanyirijwe ibihano nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, akaba atagaragaza inenge zakosorwa rubanza ajuririra. Busaba ko imanza bagaragaje zitashingirwaho, ko hagumaho imikirize rubanza rujuririrwa. ] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ngishaka Eric akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Itangishaka Eric akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano ] Itangishaka Eric mu miburanire ye, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera impamvu roshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa, kuba ari ubwa ere akurikiranwe n’ubutabera, no kuba yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge. Akaba asaba abanyirizwa ibihano ashingiye ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RS/RV/INJUST/PEN 001/17/CS, RP 001/2017/CS haburana BAHIRE Geoffrey ku cyaha cyo indura inyandiko, Urukiko rukaba rwaramuhannye rumuha igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa egeko. ] Akomeza avuga ko hanashingirwa no ku rubanza no RPAA 00408/2021/CA, rwaciwe Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirishema Fiston, aho Urukiko shingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka u(5ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw), kandi yarafatanwe udupfunyika 152 urumogi. Asaba ko nawe hakwitabwaho impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, akagabanyirizwa hano nk’uko byakozwe kuri Nyirishema Fiston.

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aha n ibihano muri rusange. Anasobanura ko n ubwo imanza Itangishaka Eric yagaragaje ari mbere y’uko Itegeko No 059/2023, ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, risohoka, Urukiko mugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye kuriyo ngingo ya 2 yagaragaje. ] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Itangishaka Eric zidafite ishingiro ko icyaha yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, akaba yarahawe igihano gito hingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, ndura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. ho ku bijyanye n’imanza Itangishaka Eric yasabye ko zashingirwaho mu kumugabanyiriza hano, busanga zidakwiriye gushingirwaho hakurikijwe impinduka zabaye mu Itegeko no 2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange aho ingingo ya 60 yiryo eko, izo manza zashingirwaho ryahindutse. Ibyo bikaba kandi byaratanzweho umurongo mu anza No RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na agirumukiza Innocent Réponse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye kukumenya niba Itangishaka Eric akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego, kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha no gushingira ku manza zagaragajwe ndetse no kugabanyirizwa ihazabu. ] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 egeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu roshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu hobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito ganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” ] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi gifungo cy’imyaka 15 mugihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo burundu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri ange, rwabitanzeho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye ku bantu bahamwe n’ibyaha mo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa ngingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu y’itegeko No 68/2018, ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha

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urana Ubushinjacyaha na NGAYABERURA Emmanuel . ] Naho kubyerekeranye no kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora hingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 603 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº AA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana shinjacyaha na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse.Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA4 rwaciye ku wa 05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul, rwemeza ko imanza zose iwe mbere y’uko itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo o kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, harimo urubanza No RS/INCONST/SPEC 03/2019/SC kimwe n’izindi manza zose zagendeye muri uwo murongo wo kugabanya igihano eza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko5. ] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 76, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku mpamvu roshyacyaha z’uko Itangishaka Eric yemeye icyaha akanasobanura uko yagikoze ndetse hingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko N° 2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije hano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu mafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu mafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe(21.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko isumbuye. ] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo wa 04/12/2023 ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mugika cya 17, rurasanga igihano Itangishaka Eric anishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha amijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu roshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa.Rurasanga kandi igihano cy’ihazabu anishijwe kingana na miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga ijana(5.000.100Frw) gikwiranye buremere bw’icyaha yakoze bityo ntigikwiye guhinduka hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe rubanza No RPA 0129/10/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku wa 07/03/2014, haburana

ba igika cya 15 cy’urubanza No RPAA 00364/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, urana Ubushinjacyaha na Harorimana Abel, igika cya 17 cy’urubanza No RPAA 00441/2024/CA, rwaciwe rukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyombabazi Anitha, n’izindi. ba igika cyarwo cya 17. o ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire zisobanura mu za zitandukanye ko ubwo buryo bwo kugabanya ibihano bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye bwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko budatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano.

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Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngamije Aujustin . ] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na ngishaka Eric n’umwunganizi we, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka mi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu(5), hashingiwe ku mpamvu roshyacyaha ze, ku ngingo z’amategeko basobanuye ndetse n’imanza No RS/RV/INJUST/PEN /17/CS, RP 001/2017/CS, n’urubanza No RPAA 00408/2021/CA, bagaragaje, nta shingiro te, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 19, ahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15).Byongeye kandi imanza bagaragaje ko zashingirwaho kumugabanyiriza ibihano, zikaba zidakwiriye gushingirwaho hashingiwe ku murongo garutsweho mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza, watanzwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00367/2020/CA, ciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, kuko ingingo ya 60 izo manza hingirwagaho mukugabanya igihano, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO ] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Itangishaka Eric nta shingiro bufite; ] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00627/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 08/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; ] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu mafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw) Itangishaka Eric yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, umyeho; ] Rutegetse ko Itangishaka Eric asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana nze.