UBUSHINJACYAHA v KABILIMA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v KABILIMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-10-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA/GEN00009/2019/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v KABILIMA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA/GEN00009/2019/CA– (Nyirandabaruta, J. P., Kaliwabo na Umugwaneza J.) 20 Ukwakira 2020] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Ihame rya sinari“alibi” – Bitavanyeho ihame ry’uko Ubushinjacyaha ari bwo bufite inshingano yo gutanga ibimenyetso bishinja uregwa , iri hame rihinduka mu gihe uregwa aburanisha ingingo ya “alibi” igamije kwerekana ko yari ahandi hantu hatandukanye n’aho ashinjwa kuba yarakoreye ibyaha, agomba kubishyigikirisha ibimenyetso bifatika, bihamya ishingiro rya “alibi” aburanisha.. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Ubuhamya – Agaciro k’ubuhamya – Ubuhamya bugira agaciro iyo hitawe k’ubumenyi ababutanga bafite ku kibazo batangira ubwo buhamya – Ubuhamya ntibuteshwa agaciro n’uko ababutanze bafitanye amasano hagati yabo cyangwa se bafite inyungu mu rubanza ahubwo ni iyo ako gaciro kadashingiye ku kuri kuburimo – Urukiko ni rwo rwemeza agaciro k’ubuhamya nyuma yo gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha –Ubuhamya – Agaciro k’ubuhamya – Kuba hari ibyo abatangabuhamya batavugaho kimwe, ubuhamya bwabo ntibwateshwa agaciro kuko bishoboka ko bakwibeshya bitewe n’igihe gishize icyaha gikozwe. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cya jenoside – Umugambi wihariye (special intent cyangwa dolus specialis) – Ububi bw’icyaha cya jenoside bukigira kandi icyaha cyihariye, ari umugambi wihariye (special intent) wo kurimbura abantu bahuriye ku gihugu, ubwoko, idini cyangwa

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ibara ry’uruhu, uyu mwihariko ukaba ushingirwaho mu mihanire y’abakoze iki cyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze bundi bushya Kabilima mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe nyuma y’uko urwo Rukiko rumaze gutesha agaciro imanza zose yari yaraburanye mu nkiko Gacaca, akagirwa umwere ku cyaha cya jenoside aregwa, kigizwe no gushishikariza umugambi w’ubwicanyi, kuyobora no kugenzura ibikorwa bya jenoside byakorewe mu Murenge wa Rusenge, gukora urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa, no gusambanya ku gahato abana b’abakobwa b’Atutsi. Muri ibi byaha aregwa, uru rukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gukora urutonde rw’abana b’abatutsi baje kwicwa muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, bikaba bigize icyaha cya jenoside, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko. Kabalima yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibe avuga ko igihe ibikorwa aregwa byakorwaga atari ari aho i Bunge byakorewe, ngo bikaba ari akagambane yakorewe n’abamushinja ibinyoma ku nyungu zabo. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse kuri bimwe, ko ahamwa n’ubwicanyi nk’icyaha cya jenoside, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) rushingiye ku kuba yarakoze icyaha akiri umusore muto no kuba nta myitwarire mibi yamuranze mbere na nyuma yo gukora ibyaha ashinjwa. Nyuma yo kutanyurwa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru, Kabilima yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko urubanza rwe rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’ububasha bw’inkiko. Yajuriye avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha kimwe incuro 2, ko yahamijwe ibyaha byakorewe i Bunge mu gihe we yagaragaje abatangabuhamya bemeza ko icyo gihe yari i Kigali, no kuba abatangabuhamya bamushinja bararanzwe no kwivuguruza. Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije imvugo z’abaturanyi be bagizwe na bamwe mu barokotse ubwicanyi

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bwakorewe i Bunge ndetse na bamwe mu babugizemo uruhare, bose bavuga ko batigeze bamubona iwabo i Bunge muri icyo gihe. Bityo, akaba asoza asaba Urukiko kugirwa umwere kuko nta ruhare yagize mu byaha ashinjwa bivugwa ko yakoreye i Bunge kubera ko yari i Kigali, ngo akaba yarahageze, ubwicanyi bwararangiye muri ako gace. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi buvuga ko Uregwa atagombaga kugirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo gukora urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi baje kwicwa, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyije igihano nta mpamvu rusobanuye, ko rutasobanuye aho ruhera rwemeza ko yakoze icyaha ari muto mu gihe yari afite imyaka 21 y’amavuko, ko rwirengagije ko ushinjwa yamamaye mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge. Buvuga ko uku kwamamara kwe kugaragazwa n’ibyavuye mu ikusanyamakuru ryo mu murenge wa Rusenge ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso byari bisanzwe muri dosiye. Ubushinjacyaha kandi bwisobanuye buvuga ko ingingo yo kuba Uregwa avuga ko yari i Kigali mu gihe ubwicanyi bwakorwa i Bunge, nta shingiro yahabwa kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye neza iyo ngingo rusanga abamushinjura bamwe batavugisha ukuri, dore ko ikusanyamakuru ryagaragaje ko yamamaye muri ubwo bwicanyi kuva tariki ya 14/04/1994 kugeza ku wa 19/04/1994 kandi ko abamushinja bamuzi neza nk’umuntu bari baturanye; naho abo avuga ko bamushinjura ari abantu bahinduye imvugo nyuma y’uko agarutse mu Rwanda. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubushinjacyaha ni bwo bufite inshingano yo gutanga ibimenyetso bishinja uregwa. Iyo umuburanyi aburanisha ingingo ya alibi ni we ugomba gutanga ibimenyetso bifite ireme biyishyigikira. Bityo, Kabilima ntiyabashije kugaragariza uru Rukiko ibimenyetso bifatika, birimo abatangabuhamya bativuguruza, bishimangira neza ko yari ari i Kigali mu gihe ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi ashinjwa byakorewe mu Kabuga ka Bunge.

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2. Ubuhamya bugira agaciro iyo hitawe k’ubumenyi ababutanga bafite ku kibazo batangira ubwo buhamya. Ubuhamya ntibuteshwa agaciro n’uko ababutanze bafitanye amasano hagati yabo cyangwa se bafite inyungu mu rubanza ahubwo ni iyo ako gaciro kadashingiye ku kuri kuburimo. Urukiko ni rwo rwemeza agaciro k’ubuhamya nyuma yo gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya. 3. Kuba hari ibyo abatangabuhamya batavugaho kimwe cyangwa bashobora kwibeshya ho mu buryo budakabije, ubuhamya bwabo ntibwateshwa agaciro kuko bishoboka ko bakwibeshya bitewe n’igihe kirekire gishize icyaha gikozwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwuririye k’ubundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 76, 82, 96, 113, 114 n’iya 115. Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 yerekeye gukumira no guhana jenoside, ingingo ya 3 n’iya 4. Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 108. Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 1 n’iya 92. Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52 n’iya 105. Itegeko No 16/2004 ryo kuwa 19/06/2004 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko-Gacaca, ingingo ya 6. Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3, 63, 65 n’iya 119.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha na Nzajyibwami, RPA 0101/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 01/06/2012. Case ICTR-97-36A-A, Prosecution versus Munyakazi Yussuf, 28th September, 2011. Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Alexis et Crts, RPAA 0059/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/11/2010 Case ICTR-2001-63-A, Prosecutor versus Nchamihigo Simeon, 18th March, 2010. Case ICTR-99-52-A, Prosecutor versus Nahimana Ferdinand and al. Case ICTR -05-88-A, Prosecutor versus Kalimanzira Callxte, 20th Oct. 2010. Ubushinjacyaha na Bikindi Simon, ICT–2001-72–T, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) ku wa 02/12/2008. Prosecutor v. Kambanda, Judgment and Sentence, ICTR-97-23- S,4 September 1998. Croatia v. Serbia, International Court of Justice, Judgment of 03/02/2015. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kabilima Jean Damascène yaciriwe urubanza adahari n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bunge aregwa ibyaha bya jenoside yakoreye muri Bunge, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 30. Kabilima Jean Damascène yasubirishijemo urubanza, Urukiko Gacaca rwa Bunge 2 rumugira umwere ku byaha yaregwaga. Dosiye yajuririwe Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kibeho rwahanishije Kabilima Jean Damascène, nanone adahari, igifungo cy’imyaka 19. Kabilima Jean Damascène yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza, ruza gucibwa n’Urukiko Gacaca

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rwa Kanombe B rwamuhamije ibyaha bimushyira mu cyiciro cya mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko. [2] Kabilima Jean Damascène yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe asubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kanombe B, maze ku wa 17/10/2014, Urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko imanza zaciwe n’inkiko Gacaca ku kibazo cya Kabilima Jean Damascène zose zikuweho kubera ko Urukiko Gacaca rwa Kanombe B rwamuburanishije rutabifitiye ububasha mu gihe rwari rumaze kumushyira mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’abakoze jenoside. [3] Ubushinjacyaha bwakoze dosiye bundi bushya, burega Kabilima Jean Damascène mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, rumurega icyaha cya jenoside kigizwe no gushishikariza umugambi w’ubwicanyi, kuyobora no kugenzura ibikorwa bya jenoside byakorewe mu Murenge wa Rusenge, gukora urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa, no gusambanya ku gahato abana b’abakobwa b’Atutsi. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe mu rubanza RP GEN 003/15/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 21/09/2016, rwemeje ko Kabilima Jean Damascène adahamwa n’icyaha cyo kuyobora no kugenzura jenoside n’icyo gushishikariza umugambi w’ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi bari basigaye mu Murenge wa Rusenge n’icyo gusambanya ku gahato abana b’abakobwa b’Abatutsi, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gukora urutonde rw’abana b’abatutsi baje kwicwa muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, bigize icyaha cya jenoside, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko. [5] Kabilima Jean Damascène yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibi, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha kandi atari i Bunge hagati y’itariki 14 na 19/05/1994, igihe ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi aregwa byakorwaga, ko

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ibindi byaha aregwa ari akagambane yakorewe n’abamushinja ibinyoma ku nyungu zabo. [6] Mu rubanza RPA GEN 00006/2017/HC/HCCI rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RP GEN 00003/15/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ku wa 21/09/2016, ihindutse kuri bimwe, ko Kabilima Jean Damascène adahamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside gishingiye ku rutonde yakoze rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa bakaza kwicwa nyuma, ko ahamwa n’ubwicanyi nk’icyaha cya jenoside, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) rushingiye ku kuba yarakoze icyaha akiri umusore muto no kuba nta myitwarire mibi yamuranze mbere na nyuma yo gukora ibyaha ashinjwa. [7] Kabilima Jean Damascène yunganiwe na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha kimwe incuro 2, ko yahamijwe ibyaha byakorewe i Bunge mu gihe we yagaragaje abatangabuhamya bemeza ko icyo gihe yari i Kigali, no kuba abatangabuhamya bamushinja bararanzwe no kwivuguruza, asaba kugirwa umwere kuko nta ruhare yagize mu byaha ashinjwa. [8] Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwajuriye buvuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène atagombaga kugirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo gukora urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi baje kwicwa, kuko ngo ubwe yiyemereye imbere y’Urukiko Gacaca ko yakoze uru rutonde. Bwajuriye kandi buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyije igihano nta mpamvu rusobanuye, ko rutasobanuye aho ruhera rwemeza ko yakoze icyaha ari muto mu gihe yari afite imyaka 21 y’amavuko, ko rwirengagije ko ushinjwa yamamaye mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge. [9] Mu gihe uru rubanza rutari rwakaburanishijwe, ububasha bw’Inkiko bwaravuguruwe, urubanza rushyikirizwa

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Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 521 n’iya 1052 z’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’inkiko. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame ku wa 02/07/2020, Kabilima Jean Damascène yunganiwe na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal naho Ubushijacyaha buhagarariwe na Mutayoba Alphonse, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iburanisha rigitangira, Kabilima Jean Damascène amaze kubyumvikanaho n’umwunganira, yamenyesheje Urukiko ko ingingo irebana no kuba yaraciriwe urubanza incuro ebyiri ayivanye ku rutonde rw’ingingo ze z’ubujurire. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO II. 1. Ubujurire bwa Kabilima Jean Damascène 1. Kumenya niba Kabilima Jean Damascène atari i Bunge ku matariki bivugwa ko yahakoreye ibyaha bya jenoside [11] Kabilima Jean Damascène wunganiwe na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije ubwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge hagati y’itariki ya 16/04/1994 n’iya 19/04/1994 rwirengagije ibimenyetso byerekana ko kuri ayo matariki yari i Kigali, bityo ko

1 Ingingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri y’Itegeko y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’inkiko: Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza… 2 Ingingo ya 105, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’inkiko: guhera igihe iri tegeko ritangiriye gukurikizwa, uretse imanza zatangiye kuburanishwa, imanza zose zitakiri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko zaregewe, zohererezwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko.

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atashoboraga kuba icyarimwe ahantu hatandukanye. Mu gusobanura ibimenyetso bye, Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko hirengagijwe ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kayibanda Jean Baptiste wasobanuye ko bari kumwe i Kigali (kwa Gashugi) kuva tariki ya 06/04/1994 kugeza tariki 09/04/1994 ngo akongera kumubona ku wa 23/04/1994 muri CICR aho bahuriye aje gufata imfashanyo. Asobanura ko ubuhamya bwa Kayibanda Jean Baptiste bushyigikirwa no kuba nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 06/04/1994, hashyizweho umukwabo ku buryo atashoboraga kuva i Kigali ngo agere iwabo i Bunge, ko yatwawe na “Aumonier” w’abasirikare wamugejeje i Butare agakomereza i Bunge, akaba yaragezeyo ku wa 25/04/1994, ubwicanyi bwaho bwararangiye. [12] Kabilima Jean Damascène akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije imvugo z’abaturanyi be bagizwe na bamwe mu barokotse ubwicanyi bwakorewe i Bunge (Ndahunga Stefano, Nkusi Angelbert na Karera Charles), ndetse na bamwe mu babugizemo uruhare (Nzirabatinyi Vincent, Rudatsinda Athanase na Rekeraho), bose bavuga ko batigeze bamubona iwabo i Bunge ku matariki yavuzwe haruguru. Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko yari i Bunge rushingiye ku mvugo ya Mazimpaka Désiré wari mu kigero cy’imyaka 9 mu mwaka wa 1994, umushinja urupfu rwa Batutsi, rwirengagije imvugo ya Nkusi Angelbert (umubyeyi wa Mazimpaka Désqiré akaba na mukuru wa Batutsi) wavuze ko batigeze bamenya uwishe Batutsi kuko bari mu kivunge cy’abantu benshi kandi hatabona neza. [13] By’umwihariko Kabilima Jean Damascène yanenze icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyashingiye ku mvugo ya Mukamabano Philomène wavuze ko yamubonanye n’umubyeyi we ku marembo y’iwabo ku wa 15 Mata 1994, uyu ngo akaba yaragiye arangwa no kwivuguruza, aho mu Bushinjacyaha yavuze ko yahunze ava i Bunge ku wa 14/04/1994 kandi ko atongeye kuhagaruka, nyamara ngo ageze imbere y’Urukiko Gacaca rwa

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Kanombe B avuga ko yahavuye ku wa 15/04/1994, Kabilima Jean Damascène akavuga ko impamvu uyu amushinja ibinyoma ari urupfu rw’umugabo we Musoni Festus amugerekaho amubeshyera. [14] Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira bavuga kandi ko Urukiko rwemeje ko yari i Bunge rushingiye ku ikusanyamakuru ryavuye muri CNLG, ryakozwe ku buryo butubahirije amategeko kuko ngo n’uwitwa Murindabigwi Augustin bavuga ko yari Perezida w’inyangamugayo z’Akagali ka Bunge atigeze aba kuri uwo mwanya, kimwe na Karemangingo bitirira kuba umutangabuhamya umushinja nyamara atarabayeho. [15] Kabilima Jean Damascène yanzura kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko akwiye kugirwa umwere ku bwicanyi bivugwa ko yakoreye i Bunge kubera ko yari i Kigali, ngo akaba yarageze i Bunge ku wa 25/04/1994, ubwicanyi bwararangiye muri ako gace. [16] Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mutayoba Alphonse, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, bwavuze ko ingingo yo kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Kigali mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge Urukiko Rukuru rwayisesenguye rugasanga Kayibanda Jean Baptiste atavugisha ukuri, kuko mu Bushinjacyaha yavuze ko yamaranye na Kabilima Jean Damascène iminsi 2 kwa Gashugi hanyuma agahita ajya muri CICR ku wa 09/04/1994, ko nyuma y’aho atigeze yongera kumubona, nyamara asubiye kubazwa avuga ko bongeye kubonana ku wa 23/04/1994. Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko ikusanyamakuru ryakorewe mu Kagari ka Bunge ryerekanye ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yamamaye mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge kuva tariki ya 14/04/1994 kugeza ku wa 19/04/1994 kandi ko abamushinja bamuzi neza nk’umuntu bari baturanye; ko n’abo avuga bamushinjura ari abantu bahinduye imvugo nyuma y’uko agarutse mu Rwanda.

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[17] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Bunge, abishinjwa na Mukanyarwaya, Mazimpaka Désiré, KDA, ndetse na Museruka Théoneste wahamirije imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha ko yamwiboneye i Bunge ku itariki ya 17/04/1994 yitwaje imbunda, gusa ngo uyu mutangabuhamya akaba yaraje gupfa ku buryo budasobanutse ataratanga ubuhamya bwe mu Rukiko. Bwasobanuye kandi ko umutangabuhamya Mukamabano Philomène wikomwa na Kabilima Jean Damascène, Urukiko rutigeze rushingira ku buhamya bwe kubera gushidikanya, naho Murindahabi Augustin akaba yaratanzwe n’ushinjwa nk’umutangabuhamya umushinjura, bityo akaba adashobora kumwihakana. [18] Ubushinjacyaha kandi bwisobanuye buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rwaciye, rwasobanuye impamvu rwashingiyeho ruhakana ubuhamya bw’abantu bavuze ko batabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi byabereye i Bunge, kandi ko uyu atagaragaza aho Urukiko Rukuru rwivuguruje mu isesengura rwakoze. [19] Ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje busobanura ko imvugo ya Kabilima Jean Damascène uhakana ibyavuye mu ikusanyamakuru ryabereye mu Murenge wa Rusenge, avuga ko zahimbwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa, kuko izi nyandiko ziriho kashe ya CNLG kandi ko bwaje kuzisaba CNLG bubitegetswe n’Urukiko. Buvuga kandi ko izi nyandiko zaje zuzuza ibindi bimenyetso byari bisanzwe muri dosiye, byose hamwe bikaba bihuriza mu kwemeza uruhare rwa Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge, bityo ko ingingo aburanisha avuga ko yari i Kigali aho kuba i Bunge nta shingiro ifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo

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aburana. Naho ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ikavuga ko ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Kigali cyangwa i Bunge hagati y’itariki ya 14 Mata 1994 n’iya 19 Mata 1994 cyaragiweho impaka kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarasesenguye imvugo z’abatangabuhamya batanzwe n’impande zombi ruzigereranyije n’ibyavuye mu makayi y’ikusanyamakuru ryabereye mu Murenge wa Rusenge, ari ho rwahereye rwemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Bunge ku matariki yavuzwe haruguru. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, bitavanyeho ihame ry’uko Ubushinjacyaha ari bwo bufite inshingano yo gutanga ibimenyetso bishinja uregwa3, iri hame rihinduka mu gihe uregwa aburanisha ingingo ya “alibi” igamije kwerekana ko yari ahandi hantu hatandukanye n’aho ashinjwa kuba yarakoreye ibyaha, agomba kubishyigikirisha ibimenyetso bifatika, bihamya ishingiro rya “alibi” aburanisha. Ibi niko byasobanuwe mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’inkiko Mpuzamahanga harimo urw’Ubushinjacyaha na Munyakazi Yussuf rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda4, mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na

3 Ingingo ya 107 y’ Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko uwakorewe icyaha cyangwa se abamufiteho uburenganzira iyo baregeye indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa biregeye umuburanyi, ni bo bagomba gutanga ibimenyetso byemeza icyaha. 4 Case ICTR-97-36A-A, Prosecution versus Munyakazi Yussuf, 28th September,2011, in parag. 25: “Furthermore, the Appeals Chamber has held that Trial Chambers are endowed with the discretion to require corroboration (…). Therefore, the Trial Chamber has not shifted the burden

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Nchamihigo Siméon5, no mu rubanza rwa Nahimana Ferdinand na bagenzi be6. [23] Urukiko rurasanga Kabilima Jean Damascène uvuga ko ibyaha ashinjwa byakorewe i Bunge ku wa 14 Mata- 19 Mata 1994, mu gihe we yari i Kigali, uyu agomba kubitangira ibimenyetso bihinyuza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yari i Bunge, ari byo Urukiko ruza gusuzuma mu bika bikurikira iki. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso Kabilima Jean Damascène yatanze bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwa Kayibanda Jean Baptiste uvuga ko yamubonye i Kigali ku wa 6-8 Mata 1994 no kuwa 23 Mata 1994, n’ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Angelbert, Mudatinya Athanase, Nzirabatinyi Vincent na Rekeraho bavuga ko batamubonye i Bunge ku matariki yavuzwe haruguru. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, umutangabuhamya Kayibanda Jean Baptiste watanzwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène, yaranenzwe kuba yivuguruza mu mvugo ze, aho mu Bushinjacyaha yavuze ko yatandukanye na Kabilima Jean Damascène ku wa 09/04/1994 ahungiye muri CICR kandi ko batigeze bongera guhura, naho imbere y’Urukiko Gacaca rwa Kanombe B ku wa 17/03/2011, imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe

of proof in assessing Munyakazi’s alibi; all that it has done, and this quite properly, is to note that there was no supporting evidence of the alibi.” 5 Case ICTR-2001-63-A, Prosecutor versus Nchamihigo Simeon, 18th March,2010, in parag. 92 “By raising an alibi, an accused is simply denying that he was in a position to commit the crime with which he was charged. An accused does not bear the burden of proving his alibi beyond reasonable doubt. Rather, “[h]e must simply produce the evidence tending to show that he was not present at the time of the alleged crime”. 6 Case No ICTR-99-52-A, Prosecutor versus Nahimana Ferdinand and al. “The Appeals Chamber recalls that, in raising an alibi defence, the defendant is claiming that, objectively, he was not in a position to commit the crime. It is for the accused to decide what line of defence to adopt in order to raise doubt in the mind of the judges as to his responsibility for the offences charged, in this case by producing evidence tending to support or to establish the alleged alibi”.

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ku wa 24/02/2012 n’imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 13/09/2017 avuga ko yasubiye kubonana na Kabilima Jean Damascène ku wa 23/04/1994, uyu aje gufata ibyo kurya muri CICR. Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza mu gutesha agaciro ubuhamya bwa Kayibanda Jean Baptiste kuko yivuguruza ku ngingo y’ingenzi yatumye atangwa nk’umutangabuhamya. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, Nkusi Angelbert, Mudatinya Athanase, Nzirabatinyi Vincent na Rekeraho bavugwa na Kabilima Jean Damascène ko ari abaturanyi be kandi ko bahamya ko batigeze bamubona mu bitero byahitanye abatutsi i Bunge, Urukiko rubanza rwarabanenze ko mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru ryabanjirije inkiko gacaca, aba bemeje ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yabonetse mu bitero bitandukanye byabereye i Bunge no mu nkengero zayo hagati y’itariki ya 14/04/1994 n’iya 19/04/1994; nyuma y’uko Kabilima Jean Damascène ageze mu Rwanda, aba baza kwivuguruza imbere y’Urukiko Gacaca rwa Kanombe B, ndetse bamwe muri bo barabihanirwa. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ubuhamya bwa Ndahunga Steven wari Perezida w’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagari ka Bunge uvuga ko yahungiye i Burundi ku wa 14/04/1994 na Serubibi wari Perezida w’inteko ya Bunge uvuga ko yahungiye i Burundi hagati y’itariki ya 14 n’iya 15/04/1994, aba bombi ngo bakaba barasize Kabilima Jean Damascène ataragera i Bunge, ntacyo bufasha mu kwemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Kigali ku matariki yavuzwe bitewe n’igihe bahungiye, ugereranyije n’igihe fatizo (hagati yo ku wa 14/04/1994 no ku wa 19/04/1994) cy’ubwicanyi Kabilima Jean Damascène ashinjwa muri Bunge. [28] Urukiko rurasanga, uretse no kuba abatangabuhamya bavuga ko batabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène i Bunge bararanzwe no kwivuguruza, kandi iyi ngingo ya “alibi” aburanisha yagombye guhabwa ireme n’ibimenyetso

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by’abamubonye i Kigali ku matariki yavuzwe, bityo bikerekana ko atashoboraga kubera icyarimwe i Kigali n’i Bunge hakurikijwe intera ihatandukanyije, kuruta abavuga ko batamubonye i Bunge kuko aba badashobora kurwemeza ko kutamubona aho bari baherereye mu gihe runaka bivuze ko atashoboraga kuba ari ahandi mu Kagari ka Bunge. [29] Igitekerezo cyo kuba ushinjwa uburanisha “alibi” agomba gutanga abatangabuhamya bemeza ko bamubonye aho avuga ko yari ari mu mwanya w’aho ashinjwa ko yakoreye ibyaha, cyagarutsweho n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu rubanza rwa Kalimanzira Callixte, muri aya magambo: “The notification of alibi shall specify the place or places at which the accused claims to have been present at the time of the alleged crime and the names and addresses of witnesses and any other evidence upon which the accused intends to rely to establish the alibi.” The Appeals Chamber has held that the manner in which an alibi is presented may impact its credibility. Therefore, it was within the Trial Chamber’s discretion to take this into account in assessing the alibi evidence in this case”.7 [30] Urukiko rurasanga mu nyandiko mvugo z’abantu bavuga ko babonye Kabilima Jean Damascène i Bunge ku wa 14/4/1994 no ku wa 15/04/1994 harimo Mukazera Marie Jeanne (côte7-8), Kabagwiza Veneranda, Mukambonera Alivera (côte 21-24), Museruka Théoneste (côte 26-28), Kabarenzi Xaverine (côte 34-36), Mukanyarwaya Josepha (côte19-20), Mukanyarwaya Josée (côte 38-39) Mukanyarwaya Annonciate (côte 41-42), Mukamabano Philomène (côte 13-14) na Kankesha Agnès. [31] Urukiko rurasanga na none, iperereza ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe muri Komisiyo

7 Case ICTR -05-88-A, Prosecutor versus Kalimanzira Callxte, 20th Oct. 2010, parag. 56.

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ishinzwe kurwanya jenoside (CNLG), ryaragaragaje amakayi abumbiyemo ikusanyamakuru ryakorewe mu Kagali ka Bunge, aho mu ikayi nimero 1 Kabilima Jean Damascène ya garagaye ku rutonde rw’abantu bari mu Kagali ka Bunge mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi bwahakorewe muri Mata 1994, na none akaboneka ku rutonde rw’abantu bahawe intwaro zo kwica abatutsi ndetse no ku rutonde rw’abantu bagiye kuri bariyeri. Iperereza ryagaragaje ko mu ikayi ifite nimero 2, Kabilima Jean Damascène yari mu bantu bakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi bo muri Bunge bagombaga kwicwa, ko kandi yabonetse muri nyumbakumi yayoborwaga na Kagaba muri Bunge atanga ibikoresho byo kwica ndetse anabarizwa mu mutwe witwara gisirikare. Iperereza ryagaragaje nanone ikayi idafite nimero kandi idafite igifuniko, ibonekamo ingo zagabweho ibitero, Kabilima Jean Damascène akaba ari umwe mu bagabye ibyo bitero. Na none mu ikayi ifite nimero 5, ikusanyamakuru ryagaragaje ko muri nyumbakumi yayoborwaga na Ngayaberura Evariste, Kabilima Jean Damascène yagaragaye ku rutonde rw’abakoze jenoside n’urw’abatanze ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi n’abatanze amabwiriza yo kujya kuri bariyeri, naho mu ikayi ifite nimero 215, avugwaho kuba yarakoze urutonde rw’abagombaga kwicwa no kujya mu bitero byahitanye abatutsi muri Bunge. [32] Urukiko rurasanga, amakuru avuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki ari ikimenyetso kirwemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Bunge hagati y’itariki ya 14 n’iya 19 Mata 1994 kuko impande zombi zemeranywa ko aribwo ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byarimbanyije mu Kagali ka Bunge ari nabyo bikorwa byatanzwe ho amakuru agaragaza uruhare rwe. [33] Urukiko rurasanga, ikimenyetso cy’ikusanyamakuru gifite agaciro mu kwemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Bunge hagati y’itariki ya 14 Mata 1994 n’iya 19 Mata 1994 kubera ko iri kusanyamakuru ryakozwe ritagendereye gushinja Kabilima Jean Damascène ku giti cye, ahubwo ryakozwe ku buryo bwa rusange mu rwego rwo kwegeranya amakuru

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y’ibyabaye mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, bityo kuba uyu agarukwaho mu makayi atandukanye, bikaba bigize ikimenyetso gifatika kandi cyuzuza imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru. [34] Urukiko rurasanga, uretse no kuba hari ukwivuguruza kuri bamwe mu batangabuhamya Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko batamubonye i Bunge ku wa 14-19 Mata 1994, nyamara kandi nta n’umwe muribo wahamya adashidikanya ko, kuba ataramubonye aho yari ari (en un lieu fixe), uyu atari ahandi mu Kagari ka Bunge; kubera iyo mpamvu, ubuhamya bw’abavuga ko bamubonye i Bunge ku matariki yavuzwe bukaba bufite ireme kuruta ubw’abavuga ko batamubonye. [35] Hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bimaze kugaragazwa hejuru, Urukiko rurasanga ingingo (alibi) Kabilima Jean Damascène aburanisha yo kuba yari i Kigali hagati y’itariki ya 14/04/1994 n’iya 19/04/1994 aho kuba i Bunge ahakorewe ibyaha ashinjwa, nta shingiro ifite. 2. Kumenya niba Kabilima Jean Damascène yarahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Batutsi na Musoni hashingiwe ku buhamya burimo guhuzagurika no kuvuguruzanya [36] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko mu buhamya Urukiko rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha harimo n’ubw’abantu batabaho, ko mu gika cya [25] rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa Murindahabi Augustin wari Perezida w’inyangamugayo mu Kagari ka Bunge, ntawigeze abaho witwa atyo, naho mu gika cya [9] rukaba rwarashingiye ku buhamya bwa Karemangingo ngo wireze ibyaha bya jenoside mu Rukiko Gacaca rwa Kanombe B, Kabilima yaburanyemo, nyamara uwo muntu atabaho, n’ubuhamya bwe butagaragara muri dosiye. [37] Avuga ko mu gika cya [75], Urukiko rwemeje ko yagize uruhare mu rupfu rw’Abatutsi barimo uwitwa Batutsi

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rushingiye ku buhamya buvuguruzanya, ko mu gika cya [50] rwatesheje agaciro ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert, mukuru wa Batutsi bari kumwe ubwo yicwaga ngo nuko yavuze ko hatabonaga, nyamara rugashingira ku buhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré (igika cya [45]), mwene Nkusi Anglebert, umwana muto wari ufite imyaka icyenda (9) icyo gihe, wari kumwe na se, na se wabo Batutsi muri iryo joro, kandi uwo mwana avuguruzanya na se, kuko avuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yabateye grenade, mu gihe se wari umufashe akaboko bahunga avuga ko abishe murumuna we Batutsi atababonye, Urukiko rukaba rwarahaye agaciro imvugo y’umwana ntirwite ku mvugo ya se kandi bose bari kumwe na Batutsi, ko mu gihe ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert bwanzwe ku mpamvu yuko yavuze ko atabonaga, ubw’umwana we bari kumwe muri iryo joro nabwo budakwiriye guhabwa agaciro kuko burimo ugushidikanya gukomeye. [38] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga kandi ko aho uwo mwana Mazimpaka Désiré yabaga, i Cyuna, ari kure cyane ya Bunge, ko hari nka kilometero mirongo itanu (50km), ko rero umwana w’imyaka 9 atashoboraga kumumenya kuko nta hantu bigeze bahurira, ko ibyo avuga ari ibyo bamwigishije kubera urubanza, atabonye uwateye Gerenade, na cyane cyane ko se yavuze ko igitero yakibonye, ko abishi ari Ntaganzwa w’umupolisi wabateye grenade, nyamara Urukiko rukaba rwarahaye agaciro ubuhamya bw’umwana, rukakima ubwa se bari kumwe. [39] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko urupfu rwa Batutsi rusobanurwa na mukuru we Nkusi Anglebert bari kumwe igihe yicwaga (côte 201), Kaberuka Alexis (côte 200) Kabera Charles (côte 200) n’abireze igitero yiciwemo aribo Mudatinya Athanase (côte 200) uvuga ko hari ku cyumweru ku wa 17/04/1994, ko icyo gitero kishe Batutsi n’abo bari kumwe gisobanurwa n’abakirokotse n’abakireze, bakaba ntaho bavuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari akirimo, ko rero Urukiko yajuririye rugomba kubishingiraho rukamurenganura.

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[40] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko umutangabuhamya KDA yavuze ko yahungaga ava mu Nyakibanda, i Runyinya kandi ko yavuyeyo ku wa 19/04/1994, abandi bakavuga ko ubwicanyi bw’i Bunge bwabaye kuwa 15/04/1994, bivuze ko KDA yahunze ubwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge bwarabaye, ariko akaba avuga ko yabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène ari kumwe na Batutsi, Urukiko rukabishingiraho kandi Mazimpaka Désiré na Nkusi Anglebert nabo bavuga ko bari kumwe kandi abo bose bataraturutse ahantu hamwe; ko ikibazo afite ku mutangabuhamya KDA ari uko yavuze ko yamubonye muri jenocide, ubundi akavuga ko yamubonye atera grenade, ko ibyo bituma ubuhamya bwe bushidikanwaho. [41] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko umutangabuhamya Mukanyarwaya Josepha uvukana na KDA, nawe avuga ko yahunze aturutse mu Nyakibanda, I Runyinya, avuga ko yabonye urupfu rwa Batutsi w’i Cyuna, ikibazo ku buhamya bwe kikaba gishingiye ku matariki, kuko avuga ko bavuye mu Nyakibanda ku wa 19/04/1994, mu gihe Mazimpaka Désiré na Nkusi Anglebert baturutse Nyakizu bavuga ko batewe “grenade” i Bunge ku Kabuga ku wa 15/04/1994, naho Mukanyarwaya Josepha akavuga ko Batutsi yiciwe ku Kamabuye, ko ubwo buhamya buvuguruzanya ku byo abatangabuhamya babonye n’igihe babiboneye, aho babiboneye, n’ibyo abandi bari kumwe nabo barokotse babonye, barimo Karera Charles (côte 200) wavuze ko yari kumwe na Batutsi kandi ko yabonye uwateye grenade yamwishe, ko ari umupolisi witwa Ntaganzwa Etienne hari na Kaberuka Alexis (côte 200). Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga kandi ko hari n’abicanyi bari bahari barimo uwitwa Mudatinya Athanase (côte 200) uvuga ko yari mu gitero cyishe Batutsi n’abo bari kumwe. [42] Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko Musoni yapfanye na Batutsi kandi Rekeraho Vincent wari mu bamwishe yaravuze ko bica Musoni atari kumwe na Batutsi n’aho baguye atari hamwe, ko Musoni nawe yaguye Bunge

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ariko atari mu kabuga ka Bunge, ko abamushyinguye barimo Ndahunga Etienne (côte 247) bavuga ko atapfanye na Batutsi. [43] Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibyo byose, rwirengagiza no kugera iwabo ngo rurebe uko hateye, ngo rubone ko Nyakizu, Akabuga ka Bunge, Akabuga ka Jali n’Akabuga ko ku Rusengero rwa ADPR, ibintu bidashobora kuhakorerwa umunsi umwe kubera intera ihari. [44] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, wunganira Kabilima Jean Damascène, avuga ko Musoni Festus yari umugabo wa Mukamabano Filomène, ko jenoside iba Kabilima Jean Damascène yigaga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye muri seminari ntoya, ko agereranyije n’uko yanganaga, ubuhamya bwa Mukamabano Philomène butashingirwaho kuko yavuze ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari mu gitero cy’abishe umugabo we, nyamara muri Gacaca y’Akagari ka Bunge yo ku wa 21/02/2012, Ruzindana yarivugiye ko aribo bwamwishe, n’igihe bamwiciye, kandi no mu buhamya bwa Kayitaba Melane atigeze avuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari muri icyo gitero. [45] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, akomeza avuga ko ku rupapuro rwa 25, igika cya 60 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwavuze ko ubuhamya bwa KDA, Mazimpaka Désiré na Mukanyarwaya Josepha bwuzuzanya kandi nyamara buvuguruzanya, ikindi ko umuntu uvuye Cyahinda ahunga ajya i Burundi atashoboraga kunyura i Bunge, ko bitari gushoboka ko abo bantu bicirwa aho hantu hamwe, kandi ko Mazimpaka Désiré wari hamwe na se Nkusi Anglebert, yavuze ko Fidèle yahereje Kabilima grenade akayijugunya mu bantu bakitura hasi bamwe bagapfa, naho Mukanyarwaya Josepha yavuze ko Kabilima yabateye grenade, ubundi ko atabonye icyo yari afite, ikindi ko urebye aho yakomokaga nta kuntu yari kuba azi neza Kabilima Jean Damascène wari umusore ubyiruka.

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[46] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, avuga ko mu gika cya [53] Urukiko rwavuze ko ubuhamya bwa Mukamabano Philomène butashingirwaho, maze ruha agaciro ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré na Mukanyarwaya Josepha, ko aho urukiko rwivuguruje kandi abakoze jenoside babyiyemerera kandi bakaba batavuga Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bufatanyacyaha. [47] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, avuga ko nk’uko yabisobanuye mu Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa, Kabilima Jean Damscène yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi hashingirwa ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’amakuru yagaragajwe mu makayi atandukanye y’Inkiko Gacaca, ko umutangabuhamya Mukamabano Philomène mu Rukiko Gacaca rwa Kanombe B (Côte 33) yavuze abeshya ko ibyo arega Kabilima yabihagazeho nyamara yarahunze Kabilima Jean Damscène ataragera i Bunge kuko yahunze kuwa 14/04/1994 cyangwa kuwa 15/04/1994 Kabilima Jean Damascène akahagera ku wa 25/04/1994, ariko akavuga ko yamubonye ku irembo ry’iwabo ahunga (iwabo wa Kabilima); ko kuba avuga ko atongeye kubona Kabilima Jean Damascène nyuma yo kumunyuraho ahunga (côte ya 36), bituma umuntu yibaza ibyo amuvugaho aho yabiboneye. [48] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal, avuga ko ku byerekeye abishwe bagatabwa muri WC, Kabilima Jean Damscène ashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya batanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, ko Sindikubwabo (Côte 46/Kanombe B) na Rekeraho Vincent (Côte 46- 47/Kanombe B) babisobanura, ko nta na hamwe bigeze bajyana na Kabilima Jean Damscène. Avuga ko umutangabuhamya Habimana (Côte 2-3/Bunge) afite urutonde rw’abagize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa kandi Kabilima Jean Damscène ataruriho, kandi ko ariko n’abandi babibona; ko Mudatinya Athanase (Côte 49/Kanombe B) asobanura ko yireze ndetse akemera uruhare yagize muri jenocide, ko ariko muri ubwo bwicanyi atafatanyije na Kabilima Jean Damscène; ko Nzirabatinyi Vincent (Côte 50/Kanombe B) yasobanuye ko

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ikusanyamakuru ryakorewe muri Gereza ntacyo ryagaragaje ku ruhare rwa Kabilima mu bwicanyi bakoreye i Bunge. [49] Me Munyemana Gatsimbayi Pascal, avuga ko Mukazera Jeanne (Côte 37/Kanombe B), usibye no kuba yari afite imyaka 9 igihe cya jenocide, avuga ko yumvise bavuga ko grenade yishe Batutsi ari Kabilima Jean Damscène wayiteye; ko Mulindabigwi Augustin (Côte 39/Kanombe B) wari Perezida w’inyangamugayo za Gacaca mu Kagali ka Bunge, ahamya ko mu ikusanyamakuru Kabilima Jean Damascène atigeze avugwa mu bishe umuryango wa Mukamabano Philomène, ko ibyo kandi ari nako bigaragara mu nyandiko yandikiwe Inteko Gacaca (Côte 21/Kanombe B); ko Mukanyarwaya Josepha Côte 40/Kanombe B) yabajijwe niba ibyo ashinja Kabilima Jean Damscène yari abizi mbere hose, akavuga ko aburana mbere atabimenye, yamushinje aho abimenyeye; Sindikubwabo Célestin (Côte 45/Kanombe B) yasobanuye ko yitabiriye ibitero akavuga n’abo bafatanyije, ko ariko Kabilima Jean Damscène batafatanyije, kandi amuzi guhera mbere ya jenocide. [50] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal avuga ko ku byerekeye urupfu rwa Batutsi, Kabilima ashinjwa, Karera Charles wacitse ku icumu rya jenoside wari kumwe na Batutsi bahunga, asobanura uko byagenze (Côte 50/Kanombe B), ko grenade yamuhitanye yatewe n’uwitwa Ntaganzwa wari umupolisi, ko na Kaberuka Alexis (Côte 60/Kanombe B) asobanura uko byagenze, ndetse ko ibyo Urukiko ruzasanga kuri Côte 4-5/Bunge, ari nako byavuzwe ku byerekeye urupfu rwa Batutsi; ko Ndahunga Etienne wacitse ku icumu i Bunge (Côte 50/Kanombe B), avuga ko yarinze ahunga atarabona Kabilima kandi ko ntacyo amuziho mu ikusanyamakuru kandi ko yari Perezida waryo; ko abatangabuhamya babajijwe (Côte 53-54/Kanombe B) bemeza ko Batutsi yazize grenade; ko Karerangabo (Côte 54/Kanombe B) avuga uwishe Musoni Festus, umugabo wa Mukamabano Philomène; ibyo Mukambonera Alivera avuga kuri Kabilima Jean Damscène akaba yaravuze ko ari ibyo yumviye mu nkambi ko musaza we

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yishwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène; ko Kayitaba Melane (Côte 54/Kanombe B) ahamya ko yireze urupfu rwa Musoni Festus kandi ko atafatanyije na Kabilima Jean Damascène. [51] Avuga kandi ko amakayi atandukanye Urukiko rushingiraho, usibye no kuba ntayo Kabilima Jean Damascène yashyikirijwe ngo abashe kugira icyo ayavugaho, n’ibiyakubiyemo atari ukuri kuko bihabanye n’ibyavuzwe n’abaturage imbere y’Inteko Gacaca iburanisha, bikaba bitangaje kuba Urukiko rushingira ku nyandiko rwise ko ari amakuru yatanzwe bizwi ko bene ibyo bimenyetso bitari kamara, ko bihuzwa n’ibindi hagamijwe ukuri nyako, akaba asanga uru Rukiko rukwiye kurenga iyo myumvire. [52] Akomeza avuga ko mu buhamya bwa Museruka, yavuze ikibazo cy’imbunda kandi ikivugwa kuri Kabilima Jean Damascène ari grenade, naho mu buhamya bwa KDB uvukana na Mazimpaka Désiré abana ba Nkusi Anglebert, bavuga ko icyo gihe bari hamwe, ko ibyo bisobanura ko ubuhamya bwabo bwari kuba buvuga ikintu kimwe, ko hakwibazwa aho bakuye grenade kandi mu ibazwa ryabo yaravuze ko nta kintu yabonye Kabilima Jean Damscène afite, akaba abona ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje uruhare rwa Kabilima Jean Damascène mu rupfu rwa Batutsi na Musoni. [53] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ku bijyanye n’abatangabuhamya Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibi rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Batutsi n’abandi biciwe i Bunge, ko kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku buhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré aho gushingira ku bwa se Nkusi Anglebert ari uko sewabo Batutsi ari we wari umufashe akaboko, atari se, icyo Mazimpaka Désiré yavuze akaba ari uko yabonye ikintu giturika kigahitana sewabo ko atabonye uwakibateye, ko yahise muri icyo kivunge, kandi ko ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukamazimpaka Désiré wavuze ko grenade yatewe na

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Kabilima Jean Damascène bwuzuzanya n’ubwa Mazimpaka Désiré; ko Mukanyarwaya we avuga ko ubwo bavaga Nyakizu, yumvise ko umugabo we bamwishe atewe grenade kandi ko ari ba Kabilima Jean Damascène babamaze, naho ibyo kuvuga ko abo bantu bari ahantu hatandukanye butabitindaho, ko abantu bashobora kuva mu mihanda yose bakagira n’aho bahurira kuko abicanyi bagenda batangatanga. [54] Avuga kandi ko Kayitaba Melane yireze ko yari mu bishe Musoni Festus bari kumwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène, ko Ndatinya yashinje Kabilima Jean Damascène ko yahawe imbunda ku wa 17/04/1994, ko Karerangabo yavuze ko batera kwa Musoni Festus bari kumwe na Kabilima afite imbunda, ko naho Nkusi Anglebert mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 24/09/2012 yavuze ko atazi Kabilima Jean Damascène, nyuma mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibi ku wa 13/09/2017, akavuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène atari uw’i Bunge ahubwo ari uw’i Cyuna, kandi ko igihe hakorwaga jenoside Kabilima Jean Damascène atari i Bunge , ubuhamya bwe bukaba burimo ikibazo cyo kutavugisha ukuri. [55] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko ku bijyanye n’amatariki ubwicanyi bwabereyeho, ko kuva ku wa 14 na 15/04/1994 abantu bari batangiye gusakabaka, ko ubwicanyi bwatangiye ku wa 16 na 17, naho ibyo Mukanyarwaya yavuze akaba ari byo yavanye mu ikusanyamakuru ubwo yari avuye i Burundi. [56] Avuga ko uwitwa Museruka Théoneste (Côte 5-28) yabajijwe mu Bushinjacyaha ariko akaza gupfa atarabazwa n’Urukiko, akaba yarasize avuze ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari afite imbunda yakoreshaga yari yarahawe na Konseye ku wa 17/04/1994, kandi ko ayo makuru yatanzwe mbere y’uko Kabilima Jean Damascène agaruka mu Gihugu kuko babisinyiye ku wa 14/09/2005, bayatanga bisanzuye, ariko aho Kabilima agarukiye mu Gihugu batangira guhindura imvugo,

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ko nk’uko bigaragara kuri “côte 103”, Nkusi Anglebert yafatanyije n’Umukuru w’Akagari gukusanya abantu bo gushinjura Kabilima Jean Damascène, muri 2012 avuga ko atamuzi, muri 2017 mu Rukiko avuga ko amuzi ko atari uw’i Bunge ari uw’i Cyuna, ukuri kwe kukaba kugerwa ku mashyi, asoza avuga ko nta gushidikanya ku bimenyetso bafite by’uruhare Kabilima Jean Damascène yagize mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge, kuko bifatika. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [57] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [58] Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 rivuzwe haruguru, igira iti: urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira. [59] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa guhera mu gika cya [46] kugeza ku cya [61], Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye ubuhamya bushinja n’ubushinjura Kabilima Jean Damascène mu rwego rwo gushaka kumenya uruhare yaba yaragize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryabereye mu Kabuga ka Bunge ryahitanye Batutsi, Musoni Festus n’abandi, rwanzura mu gika cya [60], ko ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré, ubwa KDA n’ubwa Mukanyarwaya Josepha bwuzuzana ku buryo bugaragaza neza ibyabaye, kuko bwose buvuga ku gitero cyabereye mu Kabuga ka Bunge kandi bose babonye Kabilima Jean Damascène atera grenade, kandi Mazimpaka Désiré na Mukanyarwaya Josepha bakaba bari basanzwe bamuzi, naho KDA yamenye ko ari Kabilima Jean Damascène wabateye

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grenade abibwiwe n’umugabo we wari umaze kuraswa asamba, Mazimpaka Désiré akaba yaravuze ko iyo grenade ariyo yahitanye Batutsi naho KDA na Mukanyarwaya Josepha bakaba baravuze abandi bantu bahitanywe n’iyo grenade mu gitero Kabilima Jean Damascène aregwa, aribo Musoni Festus, Nshimiyimana, Karitanyi n’abandi. [60] Ku byo Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko mu gika cya [9] n’icya [25] by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha (uruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu Kabuga ka Bunge) rushingiye ku buhamya bwa Karemangingo wireze ibyaha bya jenoside mu Rukiko-Gacaca Kabilima Jean Damascène yaburanyemo rwa Kanombe B kandi uwo muntu atarigeze abaho nta n’ubuhamya bwe bugaragara muri dosiye, no ku buhamya bwa Murindabigwi wari perezida w’Abunzi i Bunge kandi nta wigeze abaho witwa iryo zina, uru Rukiko rusanga iyo mvugo ye nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu gika cya cyenda (9) hagaragara imvugo y’Ubushinjacyaha kandi nta zina Murindabigwi Augustin rivugwa muri icyo gika, naho ibivugwa mu gika cya [25] akaba ari imvugo ya Kabilima Jean Damascène ubwe, atari iy’Urukiko. [61] Urukiko rurasanga kandi mu isesengura ry’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru guhera mu gika cya [46] kugeza mu gika cya [59], ndetse no mu mwanzuro urwo Rukiko rwafashe ku ruhare rwa Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Kabuga ka Bunge, ugaragara mu gika cya [60], cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ntacyo urwo Rukiko rwavuze kuri Karemangingo cyangwa Murindabigwi, ibyo Kabilima na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal bavuga ko rwashingiye ku buhamya bw'abantu batabaho bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [62] Ku byo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutakabaye rwaramuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré wavuze ko yari mu babateye grenade yahitanye se wabo

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Batutsi n’abandi kandi rwaranze ubwa se Nkusi Anglebert bari kumwe ku mpamvu y’uko yavuze ko hatabonaga, Urukiko Rukuru rwaranze gushingira ku buhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert ku mpamvu y’uko yivuguruza mu byo avuga, kuko avuga ko (igika cya [50]) murumuna we Batutsi bari kumwe yishwe na grenade yatewe n’umupolisi wa Komini witwaga Ntaganzwa kandi avuga ko hatabonaga ku buryo atashoboraga kumenya abari mu gitero, rusanga ubuhamya bwe budakiranuye. Naho ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré wavuze ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari mu bantu bateye grenade yahitanye se wabo Batutsi n’abandi, bwahawe agaciro ku mpamvu y’uko Mazimpaka Désiré agaragaza ko yari asanzwe azi neza Kabilima Jean Damascène kuko bari basanzwe bahurira mu kibaya, aho uyu yabigishirizaga gukina umupira, bwuzuzanya n’ubwatanzwe na Mukanyarwaya Josepha wavuze (igika cya [59]) ko yari mu batutsi benshi bahunze baturuka i Nyakizu banyuze i Bunge, aho basanze igitero, akaba yarabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène i Bunge mu bicanyi abatera grenade yahitanye abantu benshi barimo umugabo wabo Karitanyi Innocent wari umucuruzi, umwana wa muramukazi we witwa Nshimiyimana, Batutsi w’i Cyuna n’abandi, igakomeretsa n’umwana we Kabarisa Eugène, ndetse n’ubwa KDA nawe wavuze ko yamenye Kabilima Jean Damascène mu gihe cya jenoside, ko yamubonye i Bunge ari mu bicanyi... (igika cya 58); ko yabateyemo grenade yahitanye nyirabukwe, kandi ko n’umugabo we yarasiwe aho akamubwira ko Kabilima Jean Damascène wiganye na murumuna we ari we urimo kubatera grenade. [63] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru, rwarahaye agaciro ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré rukakima ubwa Nkusi Anglebert, ari uko nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya [50], Nkusi Anglebert yivuguruza mu byo avuga, kuko avuga ko hatabonaga neza ku buryo atashoboraga kumenya abagize igitero, nyamara akemeza ko grenade yatewe na Ntaganzwa kandi avuga ko atabonaga neza, mu gihe ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré wavuze ibyo yabonye bwuzuzanya

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n’ubwa Mukanyarwaya Josepha n’ubwa KDA, nabo bavuze ibyo babonye bihura n’ibya gerenade yateye ikica abantu batandukanye nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru. [64] Rusanga rero impamvu yatumye ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert butemerwa n’Urukiko Rukuru ari uko yivuguruza mu byo avuga, ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko ubwo buhamya butahawe agaciro kubera ko yavuze ko hatabonaga kuko hari nijoro, bashaka kumvikanisha ko kuba Nkusi Anglebert yari kumwe na Mazimpaka Désiré bisobanura ko ibyo uyu yavuze ko yabonye nabyo bitagombaga guhabwa agaciro kuko bose batarebaga neza bikaba nta shingiro bifite, kuko ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré bwuzuzanya n’ubw’abandi babajijwe, mu gihe ubwa Nkusi Anglebert buvuguruzanya kuko hamwe avuga ko hatabonaga, ubundi akavuga ko Batutsi yishwe n’umupolisi wa Komini witwa Ntanganzwa. [65] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko harebwe ko mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994, Mazimpaka Désiré yari afite imyaka icyenda (9) gusa, n’aho yabaga (i Cyuna) bitashobokaga ko amenya Kabilima Jean Damascène, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Mazimpaka Désiré yari asanzwe azi neza Kabilima Jean Damascène kuko bahuriraga mu kibaya aho yabigishirizaga gukina umupira, kandi imvugo ze zikaba zuzuzanya n’iz’abandi batangabuhamya babajijwe, bityo akaba nta mpamvu ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré butahabwa agaciro, cyane cyane ko bwunganiwe n’ubwa Mukanyarwaya Josepha n’ubwa KDA.8

8 Ingingo ya 63 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko abana batarengeje imyaka 14 kimwe n’abantu bakuru badafite ubushobozi bemerewe gutanga ubuhamya mu nkiko batarahiye iyo babasha kubara inkuru y’uko byagenze, ariko ubuhamya bwabo bugomba kunganirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso.

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[66] Ku byo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira bavuga ko igitero kishe Batutsi kivugwa n’abakirokotse nka Kaberuka Alexis na Kabera Charles, Ndahunga Stefano, Nkusi Anglebert na Nyirimana Innocent n’abakireze nka Mudatinya Athanase na Nzirabatinyi Vincent, ariko ko nk’uko babigaragarije Urukiko- Gacaca rwa Kanombe B, bose ntawe uvuga ko yabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène muri icyo gitero, ndetse ko n’urupfu rwa Musoni Festus ko Karerangabo yavuze uwamwishe mu Rukiko-Gacaca rwa Kanombe B na Kayitaba Melane akaba yararwireze, Urukiko Rukuru, rwagaragaje guhera mu gika cya [48] kugeza ku cya [51], ko ubuhamya bw’abo bantu ntacyo bwamarira Kabilima Jean Damascène ku byaha aregwa, ko ibyo Rekeraho Charles avuga ko yaturanye na Kabilima Jean Damascène kandi bareranywe, agasobanura ko ibitero yagiyemo nta “grenade” yatewemo ko bakoreshaga impiri, bidashinjura Kabilima Jean Damascène kuko ntaho bihuriye n’ibyo aregwa. [67] Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje kandi ko Mudatinya Etienne nawe adashinjura Kabilima kuko avuga ko atari asanzwe amuzi, akaba ataranamenye niba yari mu gitero kimwe nawe cyahitanye Batutsi akaba ataramenye igihe Batutsi yapfiriye kuko yabimenye afunguwe; ko ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert nta gaciro bwahabwa kuko yivuguruza, aho avuga ko atashoboraga kumenya neza abari bagize igitero, ariko akemeza ko “grenade” yatewe na Ntaganzwa. Naho ubuhamya bwa Ndahunga Stefano n’ubwa Nzirabatinyi, ntacyo bwafasha muri uru rubanza kuko ibyo bireze ntaho bihuriye n’ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène aregwa muri uru rubanza. [68] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira, batarashoboye kuvuguruza ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko ubuhamya bwa Kaberuka Alexis, Kabera Charles, Ndahunga Stefano, Nkusi Anglebert, Mudatinya Athanase na Nzirabatinyi Vincent butashingirwaho, kuko batigeze banenga ibyo urwo Rukiko rwashingiyeho,

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bakaba rero ari nta n’aho bashingira basaba uru Rukiko kuba rwabushingiraho ruhindura icyemezo Kabilima Jean Damascène yafatiwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe. [69] Ku byo Kabilima Jean Damascène n’Avoka we bavuga ko ubuhamya bwa KDA ndetse n’ubwa Mukanyarwaya Josepha butahabwa agaciro ku mpamvu y’uko bavuga ko babonye Kabilima Jean Damascène ari kumwe na Batutsi i Bunge ku wa 15/04/1994 kandi bavuga ko bahageze bahunga baturutse mu Nyakibanda, aho bavuye ku wa 19/04/1994, ubuhamya bwabo bukaba buvuguruzanya n’ibyo abandi batangabuhamya bari kumwe nabo barokotse babonye, nka Karera Charles (côte 200), Kaberuka Alexis (côte 200), aho babibonye n’igihe babiboneye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, ubuhamya bwa Mazimpaka Désiré, Mukanyarwaya Josepha n’ubwa KDA bwuzuzanya, bukaba butateshwa agaciro n’uko buvuguruzanya n’ubwatanzwe na Nkusi Anglebert, ubwa Kabera Charles, Kaberuka Alexis na Mudatinya Athanase kuko rwagaragaje ko ubuhamya bwabo butashingirwaho ku mpamvu y’uko ntacyo bwamarira Kabilima Jean Damascène muri uru rubanza. [70] Urukiko rusanga uretse n’ibyo kandi, ubuhamya bwa Nkusi Anglebert, ubwa Kabera Charles, Kaberuka Alexis na Mudatinya Athanase bushidikanywaho, ku mpamvu y’uko bwatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku kagambane na Kabilima Jean Damascène, bugamije kuvuguruza amakuru yatanzwe mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru, nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo Ubushinjacyaha bwakoreye Rindiro Tharicisse wahoze ari inyangamugayo mu Rukiko-Gacaca rwa Kanombe B, wavuze ko bamwe muri abo batangabuhamya (Mudatinya Athanase na Nzirabatinyi Vincent) bari barashinje Kabilima Jean Damascène mu ikusanyamakuru bivuguruje bakabeshya Urukiko-gacaca bagamije kumushinjura bikabaviramo guhanishwa gufungwa amezi atandatu, aho mu nyandiko ziri kuri côte 188-190, côte 191-194, côte 195-197, côte 198-199 na côte 200- 201, bigaragara ko Kabilima Jean Damascène

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yandikiye Nsengimana Jean Marie Vianney, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Bunge amubwira abantu amushakira bazavuga ibyo babonye i Bunge, uyu akabashaka akabakoresha inyandikomvugo yoherereje Kabilima Jean Damascène ziboneka kuri côte 200-201, uwo muyobozi akaba yaranakurikiranyweho gukora imirimo y’Ubugenzacyaha bitari mu bubasha bwe. [71] Ku byo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Avoka we bavuga ko ubuhamya bwa KDA n’ubwa Mukanyarwaya Josepha bwateshwa agaciro hashingiwe ku itariki bavuga bamuboneyeho n’iyo bavuga ko bahungiyeho, kuko bavuga ko bahunze baturuka mu Nyakibanda i Runyinya ku wa 19/04/1994, ariko bakavuga ko babonye Kabilima Jean Damascène ari kumwe na Batutsi ku wa 15/04/1994, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga mu gihe imvugo ya KDA n’iya Mukanyarwaya Josepha zishyigikiwe n’iz’abandi bemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Batutsi nk’uko byerekanywe haruguru kandi bikagaragazwa mu ikusanyamakuru, ko yari mu gitero cyamuhitanye i Bunge, kuba KDA na Mukanyarwaya Josepha batarashoboye guhuza amatariki bavuga bahungiyeho n’ay’igihe ubwicanyi bw’i Bunge bwahitanye Batutsi n’abandi benshi, sibyo byatesha agaciro ubuhamya bwabo, kuko bishoboka ko bakwibeshya ku matariki, bitewe n’ibihe bikomeye banyuzemo, kandi bikaba byaterwa nanone n’igihe kirekire cyari gishize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi ibaye, bityo nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza ICT–2001-72–T, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Bikindi Simon, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) ku wa 02/12/2008, aho rwasobanuye ko kuba hari ibyo abatangabuhamya batavuga kimwe cyangwa bashobora kwibeshya ho mu buryo budakabije, cyangwa iyo ubuhamya bw’umutangabuhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko budahuje n’ibyo yavuze mbere, bitagira ingaruka ku kwizerwa k’ubuhamya bwabo kuko bishobora kuba byaratewe n’igihe kirekire gishize cyo kuva ku itariki icyaha cyakoreweho

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nk’uko bigaragarira mu nyandiko itanga ikirego kugeza ku itariki ubwo buhamya bwatangiweho mu Rukiko.9 [72] Ku bijyanye n’uko Urukiko Rukuru rutageze iwabo wa Kabilima Jean Damascène ngo rurebe uko hateye, uru Rukiko rurasanga mu gihe Urukiko Rukuru rwanyuzwe n’ibimenyetso rwabonye rugasanga atari ngombwa kongera gukora irindi perereza (kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe hari iryo rwakoze muri CNG), bitatesha agaciro icyemezo rwafashe, cyane cyane ko atari itegeko ko Urukiko rukora iperereza igihe cyose rubisabwe.10 [73] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Musoni yapfanye na Batutsi kandi Rekeraho Vincent wari mu bamwishe yaravuze ko bica Musoni atari kumwe na Kabilima, ko Musoni nawe yaguye Bunge ariko atari mu kabuga ka Bunge, ko no mu bamushyinguye, uwitwa Ndahunga Etienne (côte 247) avuga ko Musoni Festus atapfanye na Batutsi, nta shingiro bifite kuko ari ntaho bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa ko hari aho Urukiko rwahamije Kabilima Jean Damascène icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bwatanzwe na Rekeraho Vincent na Ndahunga Etienne, kuko rwavuze ko ubuhamya bwabo ntacyo bwafasha kuko budahuye n’ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène akurikiranyweho. Rurasanga ahubwo nk’uko byanavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rwaramuhamije icyaha cy’ubwicanyi

9 ICTR –2001 -72 –T The Prosecutor v. Simon Bikindi, par. 32 rendu le 2/12/2008: “La Chambre reconnaît qu'il s'est écoulé une longue période entre la date des faits allégués dans l'acte d'accusation et celle des dépositions à I'audience. Ainsi, Ie manque de précision ou I'existence de contradictions mineures entre les dépositions de différents témoins ou entre la déposition d'un témoin et ses déclarations antérieures, n'ont généralement pas été considérés comme jetant nécessairement Ie discrédit sur ces dépositions”. 10 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya 4, nimero 15, ukwakira 2012 (Urubanza RPA 0101/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 01/06/2012, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzajyibwami, p,38).

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bwakorewe Batutsi, Musoni n’abandi rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abantu bamushinje barimo Mazimpaka Desiré, Mukanyarwaya Josepha, na KDA. [74] Urukiko rusanga ibyo Me Munyemana Gatsimbnyi Pascal avuga ko ibyo Mukamabano Philomène ashinja Kabilima Jean Damascène ko yari mu gitero cyishe umugabo we bitahabwa agaciro kuko ngo icyo gihe Kabilima Jean Damascène yari akiga muri Seminari ntoya, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko kuba yarigaga mu Seminari ntoya ibyo bidasobanura ko atagiye mu bitero byishe abatutsi. Rusanga kandi kuba avuga ko ibyo Mukamabano Philomène amushinja bitahabwa ishingiro kubera ko Ruzindana yavugiye mu Rukiko- Gacaca rwa Bunge ku wa 21/12/2012 ko aribo bamwishe kandi ko na Kayitaba Melane atigeze avuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari muri icyo gitero, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko mbere y’uko bivuguruza muri iyo gacaca ya Bunge, mu ikusanyamakuru Ruzindana yari yireze ko yari mu gitero kishe Musoni ari kumwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène, Ndatinya Athanase yashinje Kabilima Jean Damascène ko bamuhaye imbunda ku wa 17/04/1994, naho Karerangabo yavuze ko batera kwa Musoni bari kumwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène afite imbunda. [75] Rusanga ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko ubuhamya bwa Mukamabano Philomène uvuga ko yamubonye ahunga ku wa 15/04/1994, atari ukuri kuko yahunze Kabilima ataragera i Bunge, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko byamaze kugaragazwa ko kuri ayo matariki Kabilima Jean Damascène yari i Bunge, atari i Kigali nk’uko aburana abivuga. Naho iby’uko umuntu uvuye Cyahinda ahunga ajya i Burundi atashoboraga kunyura i Bunge, nabyo bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko nk’umuntu wahungaga ubwicanyi yashoboraga kunyura aho ariho hose, atitaye ku cyerekezo cy’aho yifuza kujya, abitewe n’ibihe yarimo ahigwa ngo yicwe.

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[76] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène atarashyikirijwe amakaye y’ikusangamakuru ngo agire icyo ayavugaho atari impamvu yatuma icyo kimenyetso giteshwa agaciro kuko ayo makuru Urukiko rwayabonye ubwo rwakoraga iperereza muri CNLG kandi nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 7, igika cya [14] cy’urubanza RP GEN 0003/15/TGI/NYBE, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Kabilima Jean Damascène n’umwunganizi we Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal bagize icyo babivugaho. Naho iby’uko ibikubiye muri ayo makayi atari ukuri, bikaba nta gaciro byahabwa kuko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru (igika cya 33), ayo makuru yatanzwe hatagamijwe kumushinja, ahubwo yakusanyijwe mu buryo bwa rusange mu rwego rwo kwegeranya amakuru y’ibyabaye mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994. Nta cyabuza rero ko ayo makuru aherwaho hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso, hasuzumwa niba ibyaha akurikiranywe ho bimuhama. [77] Urukiko rw’’Ubujurire nyuma y’iri sesengura, rurasanga Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira, batarashoboye kuvuguruza ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho rumuhamya uruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, bwahitanye Batutsi na Musoni Festus n’abandi bari kumwe, bityo ibyo bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Batutsi na Musoni Festus hashingiwe ku buhamya burimo guhuzagurika no kuvuguzanya bikaba nta shingiro bifite. II.2. Ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha 1. Kumenya niba Kabilima Jean Damascène yarakoze urutonde rw’abana b’abatutsi bari bataricwa abishaka kandi azi ko bagomba kwicwa ku buryo yabihanirwa nk’uwakoze icyaha cya jenoside

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[78] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahanaguyeho Kabilima Jean Damascène icyaha cya jenocide gishingiye ku rutonde yakoze rw’abana b’abatutsi bari bataricwa nyuma bakaza kwicwa, rwirengagije ibimenyetso bwarugaragarije bishingiye cyane ku mvugo za Kabilima Jean Damascène ubwe no kubuhamya atigeze anyomoza, ko Urukiko mu gika cya 68 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe rwagaragaje ko Kabilima Jean Damascène nta bushake yari afite bwo gukora icyaha cyo gukora urutonde kandi ko nta cyemeza ko yari asangiye umugambi na Rwandenzi na Nyamukaza mw’iyicwa ry’abo bana b’abatutsi, nyamara ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoze urwo rutonde ku bushake kandi azi neza ko ikigamijwe ari uko abo bana bicwa, ko kandi nk’uko babisobanuye mu gika cya 64-66 cy’urubanza rujurirwa, Kabilima Jean Damascène yari umuntu mukuru urengeje imyaka 20, arimo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, azi ko Abatutsi aribo barimo kwicwa. [79] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bisobanuro yagiye atanga kw’ikorwa ry’urwo rutonde rw’abana bagombaga kwicwa, yagiye ahindagura imvugo aho muri Gacaca yavuze ko yakoze uru rutonde mu rwego rwo kurindira abo bana umutekano, ubundi avuga ko bashakaga kumenya uko bagabana imitungo y’abahigwaga (Abatutsi), ko ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ho yahakanye kuba yarakoze uru rutonde ariko ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru ararwemera, buvuga ko guhindagura imvugo kwe bigaragaza ko yari azi ko ibyo yakoze ari icyaha. [80] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru basabye ko Kabilima Jean Damascène asobanura ukuntu yasabwe kwandika imitungo ntabe aribyo akora ahubwo akandika amazina y’abana bihishe muri ako gace abiburira igisubizo ariko Urukiko ntirwabiha agaciro, ko kandi Urukiko rwagarutse ku buhamya bw’abakecuru bari bahishe aba bana rukirengagiza ubwa Kayitaba Melane nawe warubahishe, ko kandi kuba Narame Thacienne yaravuze ko atabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bantu baje gutwara abana iwe bitavuga ko we

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atagiye mu zindi ngo, kuko mu buhamya bwe yongeyeho ko atazi abagiye mu zindi ngo. Avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije kandi ubuhamya Ndutiye Jean Baptiste yatangiye muri Gacaca (cote 538 doc CNLG – Kanombe B) aho yavuze ko mu bo bafatanyije kwica abana ba Ruhinguka Claver na Kabilima Jean Damascène yarimo. Avuga ko Urukiko barwibukije kenshi ko Kabilima Jean Damascène mu Nkiko-Gacaca yivugiye ko yagendanaga na Rwandenzi Michel na Nyamukaza azi ko ari abicanyi ruharwa, ko bitumvikana ukuntu umwicanyi yamusabye gukora urutonde rw’imitungo akandika amazina y’abana bataricwa, ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagaragaza icyashingiweho ruvuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène atari asangiye umugambi n’abicanyi mu iyicwa ry’abo bana. [81] Kabilima Jean Damascène na Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal umwunganira bavuga ko hari abantu Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza kumutsindiraho arimo Rwandenzi na Nyamukaza nyamara bo akaba nta dosiye bigeze bakorerwa muri Gacaca cyangwa mu zindi nkiko ngo abe yarabaye umufatanyacyaha wabo, ko hari abantu bireze ndetse bagasaba imbabazi ku rupfu rw’abo bana barimo Nzirabatinyi Vincent na Ndutiye Jean Baptitse kandi nta ruhare ruziguye cyangwa rutaziguye bamushinja kuba yaragize mu rupfu rw’abo bana. [82] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal wunganira Kabilima Jean Damascène, avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko butagaragaza ibisobanuro bivanaho isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko kuri iyi ngingo, ko mu gusesengura iyi ngingo Urukiko rwitaye cyane ku buhamya bwatanzwe n’abari aho icyo gikorwa cyabereye, imyitwarire y’abari aho ndetse n’ibyakurikiye icyo gikorwa maze rwemeza ko nta ruhare rwaba uruziguye cyangwa urutaziguye Kabilima Jean Damascène yagize mu rupfu rwabo, rwemeza ko ari umwere kuri icyo gikorwa, ko ari naho bashingira bavuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro ifite.

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[83] Akomeza avuga ko kuri côte ya 41 umutangabuhamya Narame Thacienne mu iburanisha ryabereye mu Rukiko- Gacaca rwa Kanombe B, yasobanuye ko Nyamukaza na Rwandenzi Bategetse Kabilima Jean Damascène kubandikira abantu bari bakiriho i Bunge, kuri “côte ya 42” ho yasobanuye ko Kabilima Jean Damascène atari mu gitero cyajyanye abo bana b’abatutsi; ko kuri “côte ya 42” kandi, hagaragara ubuhamya bwa Kabarenzi Xavérine wasobanuye ko Kabilima yategetswe kwandika nk’umuntu wari aho kandi ko icyo gihe nta kintu yari afite, kuri côte ya 43 Kabarenzi Xavérine akaba naho yaravuze ko nta ntwaro bari bafite ubwo bari kumwe na Kabilima Jean Damascène kuko bari bihagarariye nk’abana, ibi kandi bikaba byaravuzwe na Kayitaba Melane kuri “côte 55” mu nteko y’Urukiko-Gacaca rwa Kanombe B. [84] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal anavuga ko nta gikorwa cy’ubwicanyi cyakurikiye inama yakozwe biturutse ku rutonde bavuga ko rwakozwe n’uwo yunganira, ko Urukiko rudakwiye gushingira ku mpamvu y’uko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari muri iyo nama kuko yari ahari nk’abandi bantu bategetswe n’Ubuyobozi kuyijyamo, kandi ko kwitabira inama ubwabyo atari icyaha, ko Urukiko rukwiye gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène nk’umwana wari muri iyo nama azi kwandika yategetswe n’abayobozi gukora urutonde, cyane ko bemeza ko icyo gihe nta kintu yari afite, bikaba byerekana ko nta mugambi mubisha yari afite. [85] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal yavuze ko ibyo bavuga byasesenguwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwaregagamo Mugenzi Justin na Mugiraneza Prosper, aho Mugenzi Justin nk’umuntu wari minisitiri yari yahamijwe ibikorwa byo kwitabira inama zayobowe na Perezida Sindikubwabo Théodor, ariko Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rwaremeje ko ibyo bitagize icyaha kuko yuzuzaga inshingano ze nka Minisistiri, ibi kandi bikaba byaranemejwe mu rubanza

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kibuye ku wa 31/07/2002 aho rwavuze ko kubyerekeranye n’inama yabereye ku Kibuye yayobowe na Kambanda Jean, ko nta wahita yemeza ko uwagiye mu nama yishe cyane ko mbere y’inama na nyuma y’inama nta bikorwa bibi biyiherekeje byabayeho aregwa, kandi ko nta jambo ribi yavugiyemo, ko n’amabi yavugiyemo nta kigaragaza ko yagiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa kuko kujya mu nama atari icyaha nko gushyira mu bikorwa ibyavugiwemo, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ibyaha Hategekimana Sabine yaregwaga bitamuhama kuko ibyashingirwagaho byarimo gukeka no gushidikanya, ko rero asanga ibi byavuzwe n’izo nkiko zombi bigaragaza ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’ibimenyetso byabwo nta shingiro bifite, bikaba bidakwiye ko uwo yunganira ahamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside hashingiwe mu kugenekereza kuko TPIR yagaragaje ko iki cyaha kitagenekerezwa. [86] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal wunganira Kabilima Jean Damascène, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye ubuhamya bwa Narame Thacienne na Ruhinguka, Kabarenzi Xavérine, bose babajijwe kandi bari muri iyo nama, rubona haba mu myiteguro y’iyo nama cyangwa mu iyicwa ry’abo bana nta ruhare rwa Kabilima Jean Damascène rwarimo, nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 70 na 72 by’incarubanza ndetse no mu gika cya 73, Urukiko rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 96 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe. [87] Asoza avuga ko kuva mu Bushinjacyaha Kabilima Jean Damascène yagiye avuga ko nta rutonde yigeze akora kugira ngo abana bicwe, ko ibyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko anyuranya n’uwo yunganira atari byo, ko Urukiko rwanavuze ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yaba yaragize umugambi mu itegurwa cyangwa mu ikorwa rya buriya bwicanyi.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [88] Ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, igira iti: mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose birega cyangwa biregura ari byo kandi ko bishobora kwemerwa. [89] Ingingo ya 65 y’iryo Tegeko igira iti: urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira. [90] Mu icibwa ry’urubanza RPA/GEN00006/2016/HCCIC rwajuririwe, Urukiko rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa Narame Thacienne n’ubwa Kabarenzi Xavérine, bose bemeza ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yari mu nama, maze Nyamukaza na Rwandezi Michel bakamuhereza urupapuro n’ikaramu ku itegeko ngo yandike amazina y’abo bana n’ay’ababahishe arabandika, ruvuga ko uretse ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoze, nta kindi Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje mu myifatire ye no mu mikorere ye cyerekana ko ibyo yakoze yari asangiye umugambi na Rwandezi na Nyamukaza, rubishingiraho ruvuga ko icyo cyaha kitamuhama. [91] Mu buhamya bwa Kabarenzi Xavérine (côte 35-36), avuga ko iyo nama yari yatumijwe na Konseye Rwandenzi Michel yari igamije guhamagaza abantu bari bahishe Abatutsi, ndetse ko nawe bamuhamagaye ngo azane umwana yari ahishe kuko we yari mu batarahigwaga, maze Nyamukaza na Rwandenzi Michel basubika inama kubera ko bwari bwije,

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bavuga ko indi nama izabera mu rya Bidandi, ariko baravuga ngo nibandike abo Batutsi n’ababacumbikiye, ko aribwo bahaye Kabilima Jean Damascène urupapuro n’ikaramu ku itegeko ngo niyandike amazina y’abo bantu, maze Nzirabatinyi Vincent wari umuselire akagenda amubwira amazina. Anavuga ko uwo munsi nta muntu bishe, ko abo banditswe bishwe mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 1994. [92] Mu buhamya bwa Narame Thacienne (côte 32), yasobanuye ko yabonye Kabilima Jean Damascène mu bari baje mu nama, maze Nyamukaza na Rwandenzi Michel bamuha ikaramu n’urupapuro ngo yandike abantu bahishe abana b’Abatutsi, ko nibababura bazabibazwa, ko mu bandi yibuka bafatanyije kubandika harimo Bizumuremyi na Mbonimpa. Uwitwa Museruka Théoneste, nawe mu buhamya bwe, avuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène ari mu bakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi ba Bunge bagombaga kwicwa (côte 27). Ibyo kandi niko byavuzwe na Mukamabano Philomène wanavuze ko mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoranaga n’abayobozi ba Komini Nyakizu, yitwara gisirikare, ko no mu nama bakoraga zateguraga jenocide ari we wabandikiraga, akaba ari muri urwo rwego yakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa (côte 13-14). [93] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe mu rubanza RP GEN 0003/15/TGI/NYGBE, Kabilima Jean Damascène yaburanye avuga ko inama yabayeho itumijwe na Burugumesitiri izamo abaturage bose nawe ayizamo nk’abandi, mu gihe itaratangira basaba ko babarebera umuntu wabandikira maze aba ariwe bahitamo, mu gihe atarandika bavuga ko bwije ko izakomereza mu rya Bidandi. Naho mu miburanire ye mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko adahakana ko yakoze urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa nyuma bakaza kwicwa, ariko ko urwo rutonde yarukoze abitegetswe na Rwandenzi Michel na Nyamukaza (côte 69). Ageze mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurure, Kabilima Jean Damascène yavuze ko icyo gihe hatumijwe inama y’igihiriri cy’abaturage, ko ubwo bari mu

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nama ari bwo babajije uwaba azi gusoma no kwandika, ashyira hejuru ukuboko bamubwira kuza imbere, ariko ko uwo munsi inama yasubitswe, ko rero nta rutonde yigeze akora, ko n’ibivugwa byose ari amarangamutima. [94] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu gika kibanziriza iki, Kabilima Jean Damascène yararanzwe no guhinduranya imvugo ku bijyanye n’uburyo urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa nyuma bakaza kwicwa rwakozwe, kuko yabanje kuvuga ko abaturage aribo bamutoranyije ariko ko uwo munsi nta rutonde yakoze kuko inama yahise isubikwa kubera ubwire, ubundi ko yarukoze ashyizweho agahato, nyuma akavuga ko ari we wahisemo gukora urutonde rw’abo bana ku bushake bwe, ariko ko atarukoze kuko inama yasubitswe. [95] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo ryavuzwe haruguru, ibiteganya, icyitabwaho kugira ngo ubuhamya bugire agaciro ari ubumenyi abubutanze bafite ku kibazo batangira ubuhamya. Nk’uko kandi byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0059/08/CS rwaciye kuwa 19/11/2010, ubuhamya ntibuteshwa agaciro n’uko ababutanze bafitanye amasano hagati yabo cyangwa se bafite inyungu mu rubanza, kuko agaciro kabwo kadashingiye ku babutanga ahubwo gashingira ku kuri gukubiye muri ubwo buhamya, ako gaciro kakemezwa n’Urukiko nyuma yo gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya.11 Rurasanga rero imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Narame Thacienna na Kabarenzi Xavérine bose bahuriza ku kuba n’ubwo inama yasubitswe kubera ubwire, ariko igikorwa cyo gukora urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi cyarakozwe kuri uwo munsi, izo mvugo zahabwa agaciro kuko n’ubwo baba bafitanye isano n’abana bishwe, bigaragara ko

11 RPAA 0059/08/CS rwaciwe kuwa 19/11/2010, Ubushinjacyaha vs Nshimiyimana Alexis et Crts.

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nyuma baje kwicwa basanzwe aho bari bahishwe, bityo ibyo Kabilima Jean Damascène avuga ko nta rutonde rw’abo bana yakoze kuko inama y’uwo munsi yasubitswe urutonde rudakozwe bikaba nta shingiro byahabwa. [96] Urukiko ruhuje imvugo za Kabilima Jean Damascène n’ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya, aribo Narame Thacienne, Muberuka Théoneste, Mukamabano Philomène ndetse na Kabarenzi Xavérine, rurasanga guhakana kwe bidakuraho ko ari we wakoze rutonde rw’abo bana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa nyuma bakaza kwicwa, igisigaye akaba ari ugusuzuma niba urwo rutonde rwarakozwe mu mugambi wo kwica abana barushyizweho kandi niba ari rwo rwahereweho kugira ngo abo bana b’Abatutsi bicwe. [97] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Kabilima Jean Damascène yari azi umugambi uri inyuma y’ikorwa ry’urwo rutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu buhamya bwa Kabarenzi Xavérine bwavuzwe haruguru, avuga ko yari mu bantu batahigwaga (abahutu), ko nawe bamwanditse kubera yari afite umwana yahishe, ibi bigashimangirwa n’imvugo za Kabilima Jean Damascène y’uko icyatumye bakora urutonde rw’abo bana byari ukugira ngo bazabone uko bagabana ibyabo, bikagaragaza ko mu gihe Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoraga urutonde rw’abo bana, yari azi neza umugambi wo kubica wari ubyihishe inyuma, kuko batari kugabana imitungo y’abantu bakiriho. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko yari yamaze kugira inyifato ndetse n’imyitwarire ishyigikira umugambi w’ubwicanyi, yari asangiye na Rwandenzi Michel na Nyamukaza bamuhaye akazi ko kubandika, ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko atari asangiye umugambi n’abicanyi mu iyicwa ry’abo bana bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [98] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ubwo Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoraga urutonde rw’abana b’Abatutsi ndetse n’ingo zicumbikiye, abo bana bari bataricwa, bikorwa mu gihe

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cya genoside yakorewe Abatutsi ubwicanyi bwaratangiye kandi bugikomeza, bamwe mu babyeyi b’abo bana bamaze kwicwa, abandi bashoboye guhunga nabo barahunze, bityo akaba atavuga ko akora urwo rutonde atari azi ikigamijwe, kandi avuga ko bagombaga kugabana imitungo y’iwabo. Ikindi kandi urutonde Kabilima Jean Damascène yakoze si urutonde rw’abana bose, ahubwo yakoze urutonde rwihariye, rw’abana b’Abatutsi bari bataricwa, azi ko ibarura ry’abo rigamije kugira ngo hatagira umututsi wibagirana agacika umugambi wo kubarimbura wariho muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kugira ngo bagabane ibyabo. [99] Urukiko rurasanga Kabilima Jean Damascène yarakoze urutonde rw’abana b’abatutsi azi neza ko hagamijwe kubica kandi koko baza kwicwa bazira ubwoko bwabo, ibi bikaba bimugira icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside kubera inkunga ikomeye yatanze, nk’uko bisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 1, 5o mu gace ka b, y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange12, kuko yakoze urutonde rw’abo bana azi neza ko ikigamijwe ari ukugira ngo bicwe n’ubwo we yaba ataragize uruhare ruziguye cyangwa rutaziguye mu kubica nk’uko abivuga, icyangombwa akaba ari uko igikorwa yakoze cyo kubandika, yagikoze azi neza ko bazicwa bakigarurira imitungo yari iy’ababyeyi babo bari bamaze kwicwa abandi bahunze, kandi icyo gikorwa cyo gukora urutonde kikaba cyarafashije ababishe kutibeshya kuri bo igihe ubwicanyi bwari burimbanije i Bunge. [100] Rusanga rero nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, ku bijyanye n’ikorwa ry’urwo rutonde, Kabilima Jean Damascène yarabaye icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside, iki cyaha kikaba giteganywa kandi kikanahanwa n’ingingo ya 3 n’iya 4,

12 Iyi ngingo igira iti: icyitso ni umuntu wafashije uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye bigaragarira muri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira: b) ufasha uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, mu byoroheje imikorere yacyo cyangwa mu byakinonosoye kandi yarabikoze abizi, cyangwa uwashishikaje uwakoze icyaha.

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y’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 yerekeye gukumira no guhana jenoside13, n’ ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeo ahana ibyaha, ryariho urubanza rucibwa, kigahanishwa ingingo ya 115 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga. 2. Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije ibihano Kabilima Jean Damascène nta mpamvu rushingiyeho [101] Ubushinjacyaha bwajurijwe n’uko Urukiko Rukuru, rwagabanyirije ibihano Kabilima Jean Damascène rushingiye ku kuba yarakoze icyaha cya jenoside akiri umusore muto no kuba nta myitwarire mibi yamuranze mbere yo gukora icyaha cya jenoside akurikiranyweho kimwe na nyuma yo gukora iki cyaha. Bwasobanuye ko Kabilima Jean Damascène wari mu mwaka usoza amashuli yisumbuye mu Iseminali ntoya yari azi neza amahano yakorwaga mu Gihugu, ko kandi Urukiko rutagaragaje niba ubuto buvugwa kuri Kabilima Jean Damascène bureberwa muri “excuse de minorité” mu gihe biboneka ko yakoze ibyaha ashinjwa afite imyaka 21 y’amavuko. [102] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutashoboye gusobanura aho rwashingiye ruvuga ko Kabilima Jean Damascène yaranzwe n’imyitwarire myiza mbere yo gukora icyaha cya jenoside mu gihe ibimenyetso byagaragajwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya jenoside bigaragaza ko uyu yabaye icyamamare mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Bunge, bityo ko kugira imyitwarire myiza bidashobora kubangikiranywa no kuba

13 Iyi ngingo igira iti: “The following acts shall be punishable: (a) Genocide; (b) Conspiracy to commit genocide; (c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide; (d) Attempt to commit genocide; (e) Complicity in genocide. Article IV Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals”.

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icyamamare mu bwicanyi. Bwavuze kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ingingo ya 82 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha, ivuga ko mu kugena ibihano, Urukiko rugomba kubanza kureba impamvu nkomezacyaha mbere yo kureba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [103] Ubushinjacyaha bwanzuye busaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 113 n’iya 115 z’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, Kabilima Jean Damascène akagumishwa ku gifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kubera ko yamamaye muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Bunge bisobanurwa no kuba yaritabiriye inama zitegura ubwicanyi akaba no mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare, kuba yaragaragaye kuri bariyeri zicirwagaho Abatutsi, akanahabwa imbunda, byatumye Inkiko-Gacaca zimushyira mu rwego rwa mbere. [104] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène yaramamaye mu bwicanyi byagaragajwe n’ikusanyamakuru ryakorewe i Bunge rikubiye mu makayi abitswe na Komisiyo ishinzwe kurwanya jenoside kandi ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwiboneye ibyo bimenyetso, ko kandi uyu yagaragaye mu bitero byinshi ari kumwe n’abicanyi ruharwa barimo Rwandenzi na Nyamukaza, bityo ko mu kumuhana Urukiko rwagombaga guha agaciro impamvu nkomezacyaha mbere yo gusuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 82 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha. [105] Kabilima Jean Damascène yireguye kuri ubwo bujurire avuga ko nta kintu na kimwe cyari kumugira ruharwa no kuba icyamamare mu bwicanyi aregwa kuko nta ruhare yabugizemo, ko kandi inyandiko zavuye muri CNLG atemera ukuri kwazo kuko ziri mu bimenyetso yajuririye kandi ko yasabye ko zizanwa mu Rukiko ntibikorwe. Akomeza avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje kumwitirira ko yabaye ruharwa

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afatanyije na Rwandenzi wari umuyobozi wa komini Nyakizu na Nyamukaza wayoboraga Segiteri ariko bukaba butagaragaza dosiye yaregewe Urukiko imugira umufatanyacyaha cyangwa icyitso cy’aba bayobozi. [106] Me Munyemana Gatsimbanyi Pascal wunganira Kabilima Jean Damascène, yasabye Urukiko kudashingira ku nyandiko zatanzwe na CNLG rufata uwo yunganira nk’umuntu wabaye ruharwa mu bwicanyi aregwa kuko ibizikubiyemo bishidikanywaho bitewe n’uko amakuru bivugwa ko azikubiyemo atatanzwe ku buryo bukurikije ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 16/2004 ryo kuwa 19/06/2004 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko-Gacaca. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [107] Ingingo ya 76 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ryariho igihe Kabilima Jean Damascène yacirwaga urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, iteganya ko umucamanza ari we uha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ari izakibanjirije, izagiherekeje cyangwa izakurikiye. Kwemera impamvu zoroshya uburemere bw’icyaha bigomba gusobanurwa. a. Ku birebana n’imyitwarire ya Kabilima Jean Damascène mbere na nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 [108] Urukiko Rukuru mu kugabanyiriza igihano Kabilima Jean Damascène, rwasobanuye ko nta myitwarire mibi yigeze imuranga cyangwa ibangamiye sosiyete haba mbere cyangwa nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, uyu ashinjwa kuba yaragizemo uruhare. [109] Urukiko rurasanga jenoside ari icyaha cy’indengakamere gishyirwa mu rwego rwa “crime du droit des

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gens” ndetse n’Inkiko Mpuzamahanga zikaba zigifata nka “crime qui choque la conscience humaine”.14 [110] Imyimtwarire ya Kabilima Jean Damascène uhamwe n’iki cyaha ntishobora kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko, umuntu ugambirira kumaraho ubwoko ndetse akabishyira mu bikorwa, adashobora kwitirirwa imyitwarire myiza haba mbere yo gukora icyaha, kuko icyaha atagikoze ku buryo bumutunguye, haba nyuma yo kugikora, kuko uyu atigeze ababazwa n’ibyo yakoze ngo abyicuze anabisabire imbabazi. [111] Urukiko rurasanga Uruyisumbuyekiko Rukuru rutarashoboye gusobanura bihagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ishingiye ku myitwarire myiza ya Kabilima Jean Damascène ngo ruyihuze n’ububi bukabije bw’icyaha cya jenoside rwamuhamije. b. Ku birebana no kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène yarakoze icyaha akiri umusore muto [112] Urukiko rurasanga, umwirondoro wa Kabilima Jean Damascène ugaragaza ko yavutse mu 1973, ibyaha aregwa

14 Croatia v. Serbia, International Court of Justice, Judgment of 03/02/2015, parag. 87: “The Court has also repeatedly stated that the Convention embodies principles that are part of customary international law. That was emphasized by the Court in its 1951 Advisory Opinion .The origins of the Convention show that it was the intention of the United Nations to condemn and punish genocide as ‘a crime under international law’ involving a denial of the right of existence of entire human groups, a denial which shocks the conscience of mankind and results in great losses to humanity, and which is contrary to moral law and the spirit and aims of the United Nations (resolution 96 (I) of the General Assembly, 11 December 1946). The first consequence arising from this conception is that the principles underlying the Convention are principles which are recognized by civilized nations as binding on States, even without any conventional obligation. A second consequence is the universal character both of the condemnation of genocide and of the co-operation required ‘in order to liberate mankind from such an odious scourge. (Preamble to the Convention).”

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akaba ashinjwa kuba yarabikoze muri Mata 1994, bivuze ko yari afite imyaka 21 y’amavuko. [113] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubiburanisha, Urukiko Rukuru rudasobanura aho rwashingiye rwemeza ko yakoze icyaha ari muto, nk’umuntu wari mu mwaka wa nyuma usoza amashuli yisumbuye mu Iseminari ntoya, yari ajijutse bihagije bituma amenya ububi n’ingaruka z’icyaha cya jenoside yakoze, bityo iyi ikaba itaba impamvu igabanya ububi bw’icyaha yakoze. c. Ku birebana no kuba Kabilima Jean Damascène yahanwa hashingiwe ku kuba yaramamaye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe i Bunge [114] Urukiko rurasanga, ikirego Kabilima Jean Damascène yarezwe kigaruka ku gitero yagizemo uruhare cyahitanye Batutsi n’abandi bari kumwe, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba butaramureze ibindi bitero yagizemo uruhare. Urukiko rurasanga, rudashobora kugena igihano rushingiye ku kuba ushinjwa yaramamaye mu bwicanyi yakoreye hirya no hino mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje ibindi bitero yagize mo uruhare uretse icyavuzwe haruguru. d. Ku byerekeye igihano Kabilima Jean Damascène yahanishwa [115] Ingingo ya 115 y’itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryariho urubanza Kabilima Jean Damascène ajuririra rucibwa, iteganya ko umuntu wese ukoze, haba mu gihe gisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy'intambara, icyaha cya jenoside nk'uko giteganyijwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko. [116] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yabitangaje, icyaha cya jenocide ari uguhakana mu buryo bweruye uburenganzira bwo kubaho

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bw’igice cy’abantu runaka kandi ko bihungabanya imyumvire n’imitekerereze ya muntu; naho Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/194815 yerekeye gukumira no guhana jenoside, akavuga ko mu bihe byose byaranze amateka y’isi, icyaha cya jenoside cyateye inyokomuntu gutakaza abantu benshi16. [117] Urukiko rurasanga ububi bw’icyaha cya jenoside bukigira kandi icyaha cyihariye, ari umugambi wihariye (special intent) wo kurimbura abantu bahuriye ku gihugu, ubwoko, idini cyangwa ibara ry’uruhu, uyu mwihariko ukaba ushingirwaho mu mihanire y’abakoze iki cyaha nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Kambanda Jean.17 [118] Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ibimaze gusobanurwa hejuru bijyanye n’imiterere y’icyaha cya jenocide n’umwihariko wacyo, icyo cyaha kigomba guhanwa mu buryo bwihariye bitewe n’ingaruka zidasanzwe gisiga aho cyakorewe n’abagikorewe, bityo Kabilima jean Damascène uhamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside ndetse n’icyo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cya jenoside, agomba guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa mu ngingo ya 92 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

15 U.N General Assembly, 1946, Res. 260, The crime of genocide is “a denial of the right to existence of entire human groups and noted that such denial shocks the conscience of mankind, results in great losses to humanity in the form of cultural and other contributions represented by these human groups, and is contrary to moral law and the spirit and aims of the United Nations.” 16 “Le Préambule de la Convention Internationale du 09/12/1948 pour la prévention et la répretion du crime de génoside stipule qu’à toutes les périodes de l’histoire, le génoside a infligé des grandes pertes a l’humanité”. 17 Reba urubanza Prosecutor v. Kambanda, Judgment and Sentence, ICTR- 97-23-S,4 September 1998, para. 16. Aho rwavuze ko: “The crime of genocide is unique because of its element of dolus specialis (special intent) which requires that the crime be committed with the intent to destroy in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such; hence the Chamber is of the opinion that genocide constitutes the crime of crimes, which must be taken into account when deciding the sentence.”

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30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko aricyo gihano cyoroheje ugereranyije n’igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko cyateganywaga mu ngingo ya 115 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryariho urubanza rucibwa mu nkiko zibanza. III ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [119] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kabilima Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite. [120] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [121] Rwemeje ko urubanza RP Gen 00006/2017/HC/HCCIC rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2018 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko ruburanisha ibyaha byo ku rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibi ruhindutse kuri bimwe. [122] Rwemeje ko Kabilima Jean Damascène ahamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo kuba icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside. [123] Ruhanishije Kabilima Jean Damascène igifungo cya burundu. [124] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.