UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAGATARE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAGATARE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-01 - Case/document no.: RPA 00203/2020/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAGATARE [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU, URUGEREKO RWA NYANZA – RPA 00203/2020/HC/NYZ (Ndagijimana, P.J.) 30 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Gushidikanya kurengera ushinjwa – Kuba uregwa yarafatanwe urumogi no kuba yarasinyiye ko arufatanwe ntibihagije kugira ngo Urukiko rwemeze ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe hari ugushidikanya ku kuba yari azi ibyo afatanywe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe nyuma yuko inzego z’umutekano ubwo zari mu gikorwa cyo gusaka abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi bikorwa byose bitemewe bageze mu rugo rw’uregwa bamusatse bamusangana urumogi boule enye(4),ariko zidafunze mu dupapuro ruri mu ivarisi yarimo imyenda rupfunyitse mu gipapuro kivamo sima. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa adahamwa n’icyaha yari akurikiranyweho. Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririwe Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza buvuga ko ibimenyetso bwatanze byirengagijwe, ko hirengagijwe kuba yarafatanywe urumogi boule enye(4),ndetse agasinyira ko arufatanywe. Bukomeza buvuga kandi ko nubwo mu Bushinjacyaha yivuguruje agahakana icyaha, mu bugenzacyaha ho yari yemeye icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza rero ko Urukiko rwamugize umwere rushingiye ku kuba ibimenyetso byatanzwe birimo gushidikanya nyamara ntirwagaragaza uko gushidikanya aho kuri. Bigeze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye buvuga ko nk’ uko Umucamanza wa mbere yabyemeje hashingiwe ntawakwemeza nta shiti ko uregwa yacuruzaga urumogi kuko hakagombye kugaragazwa ibimenyetso bitashidikanywaho. Uregwa yaburanye avuga ko ibyabonywe mu isaka babisanze mu ivalisi umugabo we yari yaramubujije kurebamo kuko ari umugore wa kabiri (2) kubera ko uwa mbere yapfuye, ko basanzemo ibyatsi bavuga ko ari urumogi ariko we akaba atari azi ibirimo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba uregwa yarafatanwe urumogi no kuba yarasinyiye ko arufatanwe ntibihagije kugira ngo Urukiko rwemeze ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe hari ugushidikanya ku kuba yari azi ibyo afatanywe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 0034/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nshimiyimana Samuel rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ku wa 08/11/2013. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Henry Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de la Procédure Pénale, 4e édition, p. 1316, para. 5. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku wa 20/03/2019 mu Mudugudu wa Gatovu, Akagari ka Gatovu, Umurenge wa Musebeya, inzego za Polisi n’abasirikare bari mugikorwa cyo gusaka abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi bikorwa byose bitemewe nyuma y’amakuru bahawe n’abaturage , ni bwo bageze mu rugo rwa Mukagatare Josee bamusatse bamusangana urumogi boule enye(4),ariko zidafunze mu dupapuro ruri mu ivarisi yarimo imyenda rupfunyitse mu gipapuro kivamo sima. [2] Iperereza ry’ Ibanze rirangiye, urwo rubanza rukaregerwa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, urubanza rwaraburanishijwe uregwa ari we Mukagatare agizwe umwere, Ubushinjacyaha bujuririra urwo rubanza ruvuga ko ibimenyetso bwatanze byirengagijwe. [3] Ikibazo gisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba uregwa yaragizwe umwere hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bimuhamya icyaha. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba uregwa yaragizwe umwere hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bimuhamya icyaha. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza impamvu z’Ubujurire bubanza kugaruka ku myanzuro yo kujurira mukugira Mukagatare Josée umwere buvuga ko hirengagijwe kuba yarafatanywe urumogi boule enye(4),ndetse agasinyira ko arufatanywe , ko hanirengagijwe ko hamenyekane amakuru yatanzwe n’ abaturage y’uko uyu Mukagatare acuruza urumogi kandi koko bagiyeyo barusangayo,na we yemera ko barusanze munzu ye,bityo kuvuga ko kurufatanwa bitavuze kurucuruza,Ubushinjacyaha busanga Urukiko rwarirengagije ko no kurufatanwa ubwabyo ari icyaha noneho byongeweho ko n’ uwarufatanywe yabyemeye,bityo bugazaba urukiko rujuririwe ko rwasuzumana ubushishozi iyi ngingo y’ubujurire. [5] Bukomeza buvuga ko Urukiko kandi mukumugira umwere rwirengagije ko Mukagatare Josée uregwa,ubwo yabazwaga mubugenzacyaha kuri cote ya 04-06,nk’umuntu w’umurezi,unasobanukiwe,unasubiza ibintu yabanje kubikorera ubusesenguzi,ubwo yabazwaga niba icyaha akurikiranyweho acyemera,yasubije ko acyemera,yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi ,ruri mu ivarisi iri mu cyumba cye,ariko agashaka kuvuga ko atari urwe ahubwo

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agashaka kurugerekera umugabo we ufunze, ko ibyo ari uburyo bwo gukwepa icyaha,kuko bitumvikana ukuntu umuntu yaba atabana n’umugabo we,kandi yarivugiye ko icyo cyumba ajya agikoramo isuku yewe akanakiruhukiramo,ndetse akananikamo imyenda y’umugabo we ngo itazamo uruhumbu,ntibyumvikane ukuntu yakora isuku ngo ntagere kuri urwo rumogi,cyangwa ngo arubone,ariko abashinzwe umutekano bahagera bagahita barubona,ibi bikaba byerakana ko yarucuruzaga ahubwo urwo ari urwo yari yarasigaje. [6] Bunavuga ko Mukagatare Josée ubwo yabazwaga mubushinjacyaha nabwo yahinduye imvugo arivuguruza, noneho ahakana icyaha ,na bwo agashaka kuvuga ko urwo rumogi ari urw’umugabo we,nyamara wareba igihe umugabo we ufunze igihe avuga amaze afunzwe [imyaka cumi n’ umwe (11)],yaba atarareba muri icyo cyumba ,ndetse no muri iyo varisi rwakuwemo, cyane cyane ko nk’uko yivugiye ko yajyaga yanika imyenda y’umugabo we ayikuye muri icyo cyumba ngo itazamo uruhumbu,byahuzwa n’uko abashinzwe umutekano bemeje ko urwo rumogi barukuye mu ivarisi yarimo imyenda n’ama documents,byerekana ko urwo rumogi yari azi ko ruhari,ndetse bikaba binagaragara ko yarucuruzaga kuko ubwo yajyaga gusakwa ari cyo bagendeyeho ko arucuruza ,ahubwo akaba ashaka guhunga icyaha,Urukiko rubirengaho rumugira umwere rugendeye ko mubimenyetso bitangwa n’Ubushinjacyha harimo gushidikanya nyamara ntirwagaragaza uko gushidikanya aho kuri. [7] Buvuga kandi ko Urukiko mukugira umwere Mukagatare Josée ,rwirengagije ko Mukagatare Josée n’umwunganizi we ubwo baburanaga kw’ifungwa n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo mu gika cya 5 cy’urubanza ,bivugiye ko ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bazaga gusaka Mukagatare ,barebye mw’ivarisi,basangamo umuti wa kinyarwanda uvanze mw’ibumba arirwo rumogi,ariko ko atari we wabikoze,byahuzwa n’uko ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha atigeze avuga iby’ibumba cyangwa umuti wa kinyarwanda,bikanashimangirwa n’uko n’abamufashe batigeze bavuga iryo bumba,ndetse harebwa n’ifoto y’uwo Mukagatare yafotowe afite urwo rumogi,nta bumba rigaragaraho,bishimangira nta shiti ko Mukagatare Josée uretse gushaka gukwepa icyaha ,ari icyerekana ko ruriya rumogi yafatanwe abitse rwari urwe ndetse ko anarucuruza, bityo urubanza rujuririrwa rukaba rwahinduka. [8] Mu iburanisha, Umushinjacyaha waburanye urubanza mu bujurire avuga ko iyo arebye iperereza Umugenzacyaha yakoze avuga ko bigaragara ko urwo rumogi ari ibyatsi byari bimaze igihe kinini, ko ikindi ari uko abaje gusaka baje bafite amakuru, ariko ku giti cye n’abo batanze amakuru iyo nabo babazwa bagatanga ayo makuru koko, ko rero iyo burebye urumogi rwafatiriwe n’ uwagiye kurufata uko byari bimeze, asanga nk’ uko Umucamanza wa mbere yabyemeje hashingiwe kuri ibyo bimenyetso ntawakwemeza nta shiti ko yacururuzaga kuko hakagombye kugaragazwa ibimenyetso bitashidikanywaho bityo ku giti cye akaba yemeranywa n’ Umucamanza wa mbere. [9] Mukagatare Josée avuga ko adacuruza urumogi, ko n’ibyo bafashe babisanze mu ivalisi umugabo we yari yaramubujije kurebamo kuko ari umugore wa kabiri(2) kubera ko uwa mbere yapfuye, ko atigeze abimenya, ko amaze mu burezi imyaka makumyabiri n’ itanu (25) umugabo we akaba yari yaramubwiye ko atagomba kureba muri ako kavalisi ke , ko ubwo bazaga gusaka bakagezeho basangamo ibyatsi bavuga ko ari urumogi ariko we akaba atari azi ibirimo. [10] Me Byamukama Pascal wunganira Mukagatare Josée asobanura ko habaye isaka kuri centre yose barebye muri iyo valise basangamo ibyatsi birimo ibumba, umwe afata ibyatsi

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arinukiriza aravuga ngo ni urumogi ko rero na we yakekaga ariko atari azi ibyo ari byo , kuba yarashyize umukono kunyandiko mvugo y’ ifatira bikaba bitamuhamya icyaha, ko n’ Ubushinjacyaha bwabonye ko bishidikanywaho, bityo bagasaba ko yagirwa umwere nk’ uko n’Umushinjacyaha yabisabye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Mu kwemeza ko Mukagatare Josée adahamwa n’ icyaha akurikiranyweho , Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasobanuye ko dosiye yakozwe n’Ubugenzacyaha harimo imvugo ya Mukagatare Josee aho yemeje ko urumogi yafatanwe akeka ko ari urw’umugabo we yasize abitse atarafungwa kuko we atanywa urumogi ndetse ko n’abana be ntawe urunywa, ko umutangabuhamya Tuyishimire Corneille yemeje ko bafatanye Mukagatare Josée boules enye (4) z’urumogi zidapfunyitse mu dupapuro, ko bazisanze mu ivarisi irimo imyenda y’umugabo we ufunze kandi ko yababwiye ko rushobora kuba rwarashyizwemo n’umugabo we atarafungwa anahamya ko rwari rushaje, ko umutangabuhamya Tuyisenge Eric yahamije ko ikigaragara ari uko urwo rumogi rutari urwa Mukagatare kuko ngo kuba rwari rushaje bishoboka ko rwari urw’umugabo we yasize muri iyo varisi. [12] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro rwasanze kuba Mukagatare Josée yaremeye ko yafatanwe urumogi no kuba yarasinyiye ko arufatanwe bidahagije kugira ngo Urukiko rwemeze ko yakoze icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko bamwe mu bamufashe aribo Tuyishimire Corneille na Tuyisenge Eric bahamije ko ivarisi barusanzemo yarimo imyenda y’umugabo we umaze igihe afunzwe kandi ko urwo rumogi rwari rushaje, ndetse Tuyisenge we yemeza ko atari urwa Mukagatare Josée. [13] Uru Rukiko rusuzumye ibyashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere n’ ibyasobanuwe n’ impande zombi mu iburanisha , rusanga ntakosa urwo Rukiko rwakoze kuko ibyo byasobanuwe kuri urwo rwego bigaragaza ko hari ugushidikanya ku kuba Mukagatare Josée yari azi ibyo umugabo yasize abitse mu ivarisi atari yafugwa, rukaba rero rutakwemeza nta shiti ko yagambiriye gukora icyo cyaha nk’ uko Umushinjacyaha waburanye urubanza na we yabibonye ku giti ke agendeye ku ihame rivuga ko : “La plume est serve mais la parole est Libre “ ryasobanura ko n’ ubwo muri rusange aburana akurikije imyanzuro yanditse Ubushinjacyaha bwakoze bujurire ariko we mu magambo ye ku giti cye asanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe bidahamya Mukagatare icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho. [14] Rugasanga ku bw’ ibyo Mukagatare adahamwa n’ icyaha kuko rusanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumugira umwere nta kosa rwakoze rushingiye ku ngingo ya n’ iya 111 y’Itegeko Nº027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe iteganya ibijyanye n’ ishidikanya rirengera ushinjwa1, ibyo iyi ngingo iteganya bikaba binashimangirwa n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza no RPAA 0034/10/CS rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ku wa 08/11/2013 rwa Nshimiyimana Samuel ruvuga ko nta muntu ugomba kwemezwa ko ahamwe n’icyaha nyuma y’urubanza atari uko Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaje ibimenyetso bidatera ugushidikanya uko ariko kose bimuhamya 1 Ingingo ya 111 y’ Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko : “Gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze”.

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icyaha2 na rwo rwibutsa bimwe mu byemejwe n’ abahanga mu mategeko nka Henry Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch3. Bityo impamvu z’ ubujurire z’ Ubushinjacyaha zikaba nta shingiro zifite, imikirize Nº RP 00112/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2020 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rujuririrwa ikaba itagomba guhinduka mu ngingo zayo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [15] Rwemeye ko ubujurire bw’ Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro bufite. [16] Rwemeye ko Mukagatare Josée adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo acuruza urumogi. [17] Rutegetse ko imikirize y’ urubanza Nº RP 00112/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2020 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rujuririrwa idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose. [18] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. 2 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V. 1 – 2015, Para.21, P.139. 3 « Une personne ne peut être déclarée coupable au terme du procès que si l’accusation a apporté la preuve au-delà de tout doute raisonnable de la culpabilité de l’accusé » Cfr Henry Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de la Procédure Pénale, 4e édition, p. 1316, para. 5