UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUKESHIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUKESHIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-30 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00048/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUKESHIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RS/REV/RP 00048/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 30 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko aganga imibuiraishirize y’imanza – Imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo ikirego ingingo nshya - Umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo, bityo rukaba ari narwo ruba rugomba gusuzuma ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge rya polisi ryamenye amakuru ko Mukeshimana acuruza ibiyobyabwenge riyahawe na Habyarimana Shafi. Bamusabye ko yamuhamagara akamuzanira urumogi, hanyuma aruzanye ahita afatanwa udupfunyika 1500 tw’urumogi, bagiwe n’iwe bahasanga utundi dupfunyika 880. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyibyabwenge, aburana ahakana icyaha avuga ko igikapu bamufanye yari yagihawe n’uwitwa Uwizigiyimana Belise hanyuma aza kohereza umukozi we kugifata na we azana n’inzego z’umutekano bahita bamufata. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko ibimenyetso bye byirengagijwe, urukiko ruza gusanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rujuririrwa. Uyu yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Ubushinjacyaha butanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha kuko uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rwasanze iyo nzitizi ifite ishingiro, ubujurire ntibwakirwa. Mukeshimana yasubirishijemo urubanza ingingo nshya mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego yatanze gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa. Mukeshimana avuga ko asaba ko urubanza RPAA 00639/2021/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya hashingiwe ku kimenyetso cyabonetse nyuma y’aho urubanza ruciriwe kigizwe n’inyandiko yo ku wa 18/04/2024 yanditswe na Habyarimana Shafi, ivuguruza ubuhamya we na bagenzi be batanze, kuko agaragaza ko nta ruhare yigeze agira mu icuruzwa ry’urumogi. Avuga ko iyo nyandiko atari kubasha kuyibona igihe yaburanaga kuko ari Habyarimana Shafi ubwe wayiyandikiye. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudafite ububasha bwo gusubirishamo urwo rubanza kuko byaba binyuranije n’itegeko rivuga ko gusubirishamo urubanza bikorwa n’Urukiko rwaburanishije urwo rubanza bwa nyuma. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo, bityo rukaba ari narwo ruba rugomba gusuzuma ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko.

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Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ntabwo cyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe, ingingo ya 195, 198. Imanza zifashishijwe: RC 0001/14/CS, DELTA PETROLEUM Ltd na Nsengiyumva n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/09/2014; RS/REV/RP 00061/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirimana Philémon, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/04/202. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ishami rya Polisi rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ryahawe amakuru na Habyarimana Shafi alias Papy ko Mukeshimana Elias acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bajya kumufata bamusangana udupfunyika 1500 yari aje kugurisha Habyarimana, bahita bajyana n’iwe mu rugo kuhasaka, bahasanga urundi rungana n’udupfunyika 880, rwose hamwe ruba udupfunyika 2380 tw’urumogi. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mukeshimana Elias mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabenge, aburana ahakana icyaha avuga ko urumogi rwafatiwe iwe mu gikapu yari yarubikijwe n’umudamu baziranye, nyuma yohereza umukozi kuza gufata icyo gikapu azanye n’abashinzwe umutekano bahita bamufata, asaba urukiko kurenganurwa. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 00444/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 21/06/2019, Urukiko rwemeje ko Mukeshimana Elias ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Habyarimana Shafi, umugore we Uwizigiyimana Belise, Nkurikiyimana Jean Bosco na Nizeyimana Celestin, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 no gutanga ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. [4] Mukeshimana Elias yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko hirengagijwe ibimenyetso byagombaga kumugira umwere, akanatandukanywa n’abakoze icyaha. Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ibivugwa na Mukeshimana Elias nta shingiro byahabwa, asaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruguma uko rwaciwe. Ku wa 24/07/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza No RPA 01238/2019/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Mukeshimana Elias nta shingiro zifite, ko urubanza No RP 00444/2019/TGI/NYGE rudahindutse. [5] Mukeshimana Elias yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho, ko rwagombaga kumuhamya icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyo kubicuruza; asaba ko ayo

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makosa yakozwe yakosorwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ko ahamwa n’icyo kubifatanwa akaba aricyo ahanirwa. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko ubujurire bwa Mukeshimana Elias butakirwa kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [7] Mu rubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/02/2023, Urukiko rwemeje inziti y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mukeshimana Elias butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rutegeka ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Mukeshimana Elias yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asubirishamo urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA ingingo nshya, urubanza ruhabwa nº RS/REV/RP 00048/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 12/09/2025, Mukeshimana Elias yunganiwe na Me Nyirihirwe Hilaire, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyibizi Tite, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Uwo munsi iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 18/09/2025. [9] Mu myanzuro isubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya no mu miburanire Mukeshimana Elias n’umwunganira bavuga ko nyuma y’uko urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA asubirishamo ingingo nshya ruciwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza akarengane yatewe n’urwo rubanza kigizwe n’inyandiko yo ku wa 18/04/2024 yanditswe na Habyarimana Shafi alias Papy akayimenyeshwa ku wa 30/05/2024, agaragaza uburyo yamubeshyeye ko acuruza urumogi n’icyatumye amubeshyera, ko kandi iyi nyandiko atari kubasha kuyigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Banavuze ko ikirego cyabo gikwiye kwakirwa kuko uru Rukiko ari rwo rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa nyuma. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko cyatanzwe na Mukeshimana Elias kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu rukiko rutaburanishije urubanza ku rwego rwa nyuma. [11] Ikibazo gusuzumwa ni ukumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukeshimana Elias gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPAA 00639/2021/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukeshimana Elias gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa

[12] Mukeshimana Elias n’umwunganira bavuga ko basaba ko urubanza RPAA 00639/2021/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya hashingiwe ku kimenyetso cyabonetse nyuma y’aho urubanza ruciriwe kigizwe n’inyandiko yo ku wa 18/04/2024 yanditswe na Habyarimana Shafi alias Papy, ivuguruza ubuhamya we na bagenzi be batanze, kuko agaragaza ko nta ruhare yigeze agira mu icuruzwa ry’urumogi. Avuga ko iyo nyandiko atari kubasha kuyibona igihe yaburanaga kuko ari Habyarimana Shafi ubwe wayiyandikiye.

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[13] Basobanura ko ikirego cyabo bagitanze bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 195, iya 196 igika cya 2, iya 197 igika cya 5, iya 198 n’iya 203 z’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjacyaha n’ingingo ya 14 y’itegeko No 58/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjacyaha, ko gikwiye kwakirwa kuko uru Rukiko ari rwo rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa nyuma. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta bubasha Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite bwo kuburanisha ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukeshimana Elias, kuko harebwe ibyo ingingo ya 198 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjacyaha n’ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko no 58/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko no 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjacyaha iteganya ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bisabwa mu Rukiko rwaciwe urubanza ku rwego rwa nyuma, rukaburanishwa n’indi nteko. [15] Asobanura ko urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA Mukeshimana Elias asaba ko rusubirwamo rutigeze ruburanishwa mu mizi kuko hafashwe icyemezo ku nzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, uru Rukiko rwemeza ko urubanza rutakiriwe; bityo rukaba rutaburanisha ikirego kirusubirishamo ingingo nshya mu gihe rutaruburanishije mu mizi. Anavuga kandi ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 198 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe byumvikana neza mu ngingo ya 172 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikirego cy’iremezo cyo gusaba ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya kijyanwa mu rukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza mu mizi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukwiriye kwakira ikirego cya Mukeshimana Elias gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA rwaciye rukemeza ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [17] Ibyerekeranye n’Urukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego gisubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza No RS/REV/RP 00061/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirimana Philémon rwaciwe ku wa 15/04/20251. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1952 n’iya 1983 z’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe, ndetse n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza No RC

1 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza. 2 Ingingo ya 195 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe iteganya ko “gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ni ugushaka ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu ruvanwaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’iri tegeko 3 Ingingo ya 198 y’iryo tegeko igateganya, mu gika cyayo cya mbere, ko “gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bisabwa mu rukiko rwaciye urubanza mu rwego rwa nyuma...”.

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0001/14/CS4, rwasobanuye ko umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo, bityo rukaba ari narwo ruba rugomba gusuzuma ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko. [18] Urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, rugaragaza ko nyuma yo gusanga Mukeshimana Elias yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko inziti y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mukeshimana Elias butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero urwo rubanza rutarinjiye mu mizi ngo rusuzume ibijyanye n’icyaha Mukeshimana Elias yaregwaga runagifateho icyemezo, kuko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bwarwo ntirwabwakira; bityo urubanza rwaciwe mu mizi ku rwego rwa nyuma ku bijyanye n’ibyo yaregwaga rukaba ari urubanza No RPA 01238/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/07/2021. [20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, ikirego cya Mukeshimana Elias gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/02/2023 kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa kuko atari rwo rwaruciwe mu mizi ku rwego rwa nyuma.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mukeshimana Elias gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00639/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/02/2023 kitakiriwe kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.

4 Mu rubanza RC 0001/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 12/09/2014 haburana DELTA PETROLEUM Ltd na Nsengiyumva n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko urukiko rwaciye urubanza bwa nyuma rugomba kumvikana nk’urukiko rwinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza ku buryo budasubirwaho rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo