UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUNYENGANO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUNYENGANO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00224/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUNYENGANO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00224/2025/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kutajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko - Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntige munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakazwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Munyengango yafataiwe mu rugo afite urumogi udupfunyika 48 yacuruzaga, ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, aburana yemera icyaha, urukiko rushingiye ku kuba ari isubira icyaha, ku mvugo ze yemera icyaha n’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rusanga ahamwa n’icyaha rumukatira igifungo cya burundu. Uyu yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi akaba atazongera kugikora. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwasabye ko uregwa yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Urukiko rushingiye ku mpmvu nyoroshyacyaha, rwasanze akwiye kugabanyrizwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Uregwa na none yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa, urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Munyengango asaba Urukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko atakigabanyirijwe bihagije, kandi ko ku myaka afite ibyo yakoze atakongera kubikora, ko rero igihano yahawe cyagabanywa kikagera munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari cyo gito gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Bukomeza buvuga ko umurongo uri mu rubanza ashingiraho utagikoreshwa kuko wari ushingiye ku itegeko ritagikoreshwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntige munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakazwe. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025;

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RPAA 00885/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Eric, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/05/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 30/06/2021, Munyengano Aimable yafatiwe iwe mu rugo afite udupfunyika mirongo ine n’umunani (48) tw’urumogi, amaze gufatwa yemera ko amaze imyaka ibiri acuruza urumogi, avuga ko agapfunyika kamwe (1) akarangura 70 Frw akakagurisha 100 Frw, maze ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Munyengano Aimable mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 48 tw’urumogi, no kuba yaremeye icyaha kandi akaba atari ubwa mbere abifungiwe kuko yigeze guhanirwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge arakatirwa aza gufungurwa by’agateganyo, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 22.000.000 Frw. [3] Munyengano Aimable yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yigeze gufungirwa icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi ahanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka umwe, hashize umwaka afunguwe yongera kurucuruza, asobanura ko bwa mbere yaranguye udupfumyika 57, araducuruza dushize arangura utundi dupfunyika 57, asaba guhabwa igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange. [4] Mu rubanza N°RP 00836/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 19/07/2021, Urukiko rwasanze Munyengano Aimable ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yaremereye imbere y’Urukiko ko amaze imyaka ibiri arucuruza kandi ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 48 twarwo, anasobanura ko agapfunyika 1 akarangura 70Frw akakagurisha 100Frw, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babimushinja n‘inyandiko y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 48. [5] Rwasanze kandi atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari isubiracyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n‘ihazabu ya 22.000.000 Frw, ko n‘isubikagihano asaba atarihabwa kuko icyaha yakoze gihanishwa igifungo kirengeje imyaka 5. [6] Munyengano Aimable yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha kandi ko atazongera kukigwamo. [7] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko Urukiko rwabisuzuma akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agitangira gukurikiranwa, hitawe ku mpamvu z’isubiracyaha n’iz’inyoroshyacyaha, hagashingirwa no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko rishya Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya

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ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu gace ka (a) na (d), agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 10 000 000 Frw. [8] Mu rubanza Nº RPA 00773/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2025, Urukiko rwasanze Munyengano Aimable akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yakomeje kwemera icyaha kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa, rushingire ku ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy‘imyaka cumi n‘itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [9] Munyengano Aimable yajuriye mu Rrukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N°RPAA 00224/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 09/10/2025 Munyengano Aimable yunganiwe na Me UWIMABERA Beata, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na UWANZIGA Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Munyengano Aimable asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagezwa munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko, igihano cy’ihazabu nacyo kikagabanywa hakurikijwe amikoro afite. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro, kuko igabanya gihano asaba yamaze kurihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Nyanza. [12] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza n’icyo kumenya niba igihano Munyengano Aimable yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Munyengano Aimable yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa.

[13] Munyengano Aimable asaba Urukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko atakigabanyirijwe bihagije, kandi ko ku myaka afite ibyo yakoze atakongera kubikora, ko rero igihano yahawe cyagabanywa kikagera munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, n’urubanza NºRPAA 00373/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/04/2023, ndetse n’igihano cy’ihazabu kikagabanywa kikagezwa kuri kimwe cya kane kuko adafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ihazabu yahanishijwe. [14] Me UWIMABERA Beata umwunganira avuga ko yamusobanuriye ko abona ntacyo anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwakurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) na d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuha igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe na Munyengano Aimable ijyanye no gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano idakwiye guhabwa agaciro, kuko igihano yakigabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, rumuhanisha igihano gito iryo tegeko riteganya cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ko rero yagabanyirijwe

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igihano bihagije kikaba kitangongera kugabanywa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00244/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUGIRANEZA Elie, uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo. [15] Ku bijyanye n’imanza Munyengano Aimable asaba ko zashingirwaho akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganya, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko zitashingirwaho kuko zaciwe hakurikijwe ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iryo tegeko rero akaba ariryo rigomba gushingirwaho mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Munyengano Aimable yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [17] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (urumogi) mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’Urukiko ahanishwa: 1º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [18] Ku bijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rusobanura ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntige munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakazwe. Uyu murongo wagiye ukurikizwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza NºRPAA 00885/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Eric. [19] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwagabanyirije igihano Munyengano Aimable, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zavuzwe haruguru, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, Munyengano Aimable yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko Nyanza,

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kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganyijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza. [21] Ku bijyanye n’urubanza Munyengano Aimable asaba ko rwashingirwaho agahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rutashingirwaho kuko umurongo warutanzwemo wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, kandi umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo asaba ko igihano cy’ihazabu yahawe cyagabanywa kikagezwa kuri kimwe cya kane kuko adafite ubushobozi bwo kuyishyura, nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe ari yo nto iteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe, bityo ikaba itakongera kugabanywa. [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, Munyengano Aimable yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Munyengano Aimable nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza N°RPA 00773/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 12/02/2025, rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [26] Rutegetse ko hagumyeho igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, Munyengano Aimable yahanishijwe.