UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA01353/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01353/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mushumba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kuko yafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 280 bivugwako yacuruzaga, kandi na we akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, aho n’Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwasabye ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse n’amategeko akaba yaragennye uburyo bworohereza ushinjwa ku birebana n’igabanyagihano. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingirwaho mukugabanyiriza Uregwa ibihano yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, nko kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho, no kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. Bityo, rwemeje ko ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ku cyaha cyo kugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko yarujuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakamba kugira ngo yongere agabanyirizwe ibihano ku buryo bihagije, kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ko yarangije kugororoka bihagije, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 5. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubu bujurire bw’Uegwa nta shingiro bufite kuko icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe gihanishwa igufungo cya burundu, ariko akaba yaragabanyirijwe kugeza ku bihano bito biteganyijwe kuri icyo cyaha, aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Bityo, Mushumba Eric yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru, ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi yemera. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 183.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana rwaciwe ‘Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014. RPAA00194/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022. ICTR-9604, Ubushinjacyaha na Akayesu Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 1 Kamena 2001. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/10/2020, Mushumba Eric ari mu mudugudu wa Nyabitare, Akagari ka Ruyenzi mu murenge wa Runda, yafatanwe udupfunyika 280 tw’urumogi bivugwa ko yacuruzaga. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. [2] Imbere y’urukiko, Mushumba Eric yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, asobanura ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 280 tw’urumogi kandi ko yari amaze amezi atatu arucuruza ko kandi yabitewe n’ubukene, asaba imbabazi z’icyaha yakoze no guhabwa ibihano byoroheje. [3] Mu rubanza RP01047/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe kuwa 29/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Mushumba Eric wiyemerera icyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi afatanwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [4] Mushumba Eric yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahawe ibihano birebire cyane kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba ko n’ihazabu yaciwe yasubikwa kuko ntaho yazava. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko, koko Mushumba yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 yahinduye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 yagennye uburyo bworohereza ushinjwa ku birebana n’igabanyagihano, busaba ko uyu yagabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [6] Mu Rubanza RPA00095/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe kuwa 21/11/2024 ,Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kuba Mushumba Eric ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi no kuba mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho, byamubera impamvu zituma agabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ku cyaha cyo kugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [7] Mushumba Eric yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA01353/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 10/7/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa N. Silas naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[8] Mushumba Eric yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ko yarangije kugororoka bihagije. [9] Me Ruberwa N. Silas umwunganira, mu mwanzuro we yavuze ko mu gutanga igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionalité de la peine et de l’infraction), ageze mu Rukiko avuga ko asanga Itegeko ryaragennye ibihano bito ntarengwa kandi ko aribyo Mushumba yahanishijwe. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ushinjwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Mushumba Eric ibihano ku buryo buhagije. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Mushumba Eric ibihano ku buryo buhagije [12] Mushumba Eric yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa, asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 5 kuko yarangije kugororoka bihagije. Yabajijwe itegeko ashingiraho asaba ibihano biri munsi y’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko asubiza ko ntaryo azi, ko icyo agamije ari ugutakamba. [13] Me Ruberwa N. Silas umwunganira, mu mwanzuro we yavuze ko mu gutanga igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko ntacyabuza umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionalité de la peine et de l’infraction), ageze mu Rukiko avuga ko asanga Itegeko ryaragennye ibihano bito ntarengwa kandi ko aribyo Mushumba yahanishijwe. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Mushumba Eric yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, icyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, ko mu bujurire uyu yagabanyirijwe ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ko ibihano yahawe aribyo bihano bito ntarengwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 bityo ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Mushumba Eric yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [16] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu

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gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Mu rubanza RPA00095/2021/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024, Urukiko rwasanze kuba Mushumba Eric yemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha aregwa cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye kandi aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko, byamubera impamvu zituma agabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza kuko rutamugabanyirije, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw; ibi kandi rubishingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [18] Ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gace kayo ka 6° iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’amategeko, n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [19] Ibirebana n’ingingo ivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabigarutseho mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciye ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel aho rwemeje ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza inenge zakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra n’uburyo zigomba gukosorwa. Ibi ninako inkiko Mpuzamahanga zibibona nko mu rubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho uRwanda, rwemeje ko ujurira ari we ugomba kugaragaza ko Urugereko rubanza rwakoze ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’ibyabaye kandi ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi1. [20] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibiteganya, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (birimo n’urumogi) Mushumba Eric yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarengeje amafaranga 30.000.000; naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, mu gace kayo ka (a) n’aka (d), ikavuga ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, mu gihe ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. [21] Urukiko rurasanga Mushumba Eric usaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, ubwe avuga ko nta Tegeko abishingiraho, ahubwo ibyo asaba bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, aho mu gace kayo ka ( a) ivuga ko mu kugabanyiriza igihano uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano cy’ihazabu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha ahamijwe. [22] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Mushumba Eric kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse ibi bihano bikaba bidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aribyo bihano bito bishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. [23] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uregwa

1Urubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe ku wa 1 Kamena 2001 n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, haburana Akayesu Jean Paul n’Ubushinjacyaha (Igika cya 178).

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atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe2; ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Mushumba Eric wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru , ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe kandi yemera. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mushumba Eric nta shingiro bufite. [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00095/2021/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [26] Rwemeje ko Mushumba Eric ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kubw’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [27] Rutegetse ko Mushumba Eric asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

2 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR