UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABASANZE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABASANZE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-08-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00291/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABASANZE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00291/2025/CA (Mukandamage, P.J) 20 Kanama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi – Ubushake bwo gukora icyaha – Mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye uregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze bumurega ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, buvuga ko yasanze umugore we witwa Twagirimana mu kabari amusaba kumugurira inzoga, nawe amusubiza ko nta mafaranga afite, asohotse uregwa aramukurikira ahita avana umuhoro mu rukenyerero amutema mu mutwe agiye kongera, undi atega akaboko ari nako amuhunga, amutema ikiganza amubwira ko amwica, ariko abari aho baramufata bamwambura umuhoro. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko uregwa yakoze ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo kwica umugore we, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 rumugabanyirije kubera ko yemera icyaha. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, ndetse ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, asaba ko cyagabanywa, icyo ahawe kigasubikwa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko, kandi ko kitasubikwa. Uregwa yarongeye arajurira noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko avuga ko hakurikijwe imikorere y’icyaha, yagombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze bigize icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, ko kandi atagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe kuko cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 21 n’iya 107.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwamurengeye, RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014. Ubushinjacyaha vs Muhayimana, RPAA 00854/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu mugoroba wo ku wa 08/02/2022, Ndabasanze Bernard yasanze umugore we Twagirimana Didacienne mu kabari ka Nshimiye amusaba kumugurira inzoga, nawe amusubiza ko nta mafaranga afite, asohotse Ndabasanze Bernard aramukurikira ahita avana umuhoro mu rukenyerero amutema mu mutwe agiye kongera, undi atega akaboko ari nako amuhunga, amutema ikiganza amubwira ko amwica, ariko abari aho baramufata bamwambura umuhoro, bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ndabasanze Bernard mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [3] Ndabasanze Bernard yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko uwo munsi ku wa 08/02/2022 yavuye gushaka imishingirizo, yinjiye mu kabari asangamo umugore we Twagirimana Didacienne ari kumwe n’abandi barimo kunywa, umugore amusaba ko basohoka bageze hanze baterana amagambo, ahita amukubita umuhoro mu mutwe no ku kaboko, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza nº RP 00219/2022/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 28/04/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ndabasanze Bernard yakoze ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo kwica umugore we, birimo imvugo ze yemera ko yatemye umugore we mu mutwe no ku kaboko, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Byaruhanga Jean d’Amour, Umukuru w’Umudugudu wa Kabyaza, ubwatanzwe na Mukashyaka Jacqueline n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatirwa ry’umuhoro, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 rumugabanyirije kubera ko yemera icyaha. [5] Ndabasanze Bernard yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, ndetse ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, asaba ko cyagabanywa, icyo ahawe kigasubikwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwa Ndabasanze Bernard nta shingiro bufite, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye. [6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00615/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 13/02/2025, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze ubujurire bwa Ndabasanze Bernard nta shingiro bufite,

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kuko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko, kandi ko kitasubikwa. [7] Ndabasanze Bernard yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00291/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 04/08/2025, Ndabasanze Bernard yunganiwe na Me Musabwa K. Fréderic, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ndabasanze Bernard avuga ko hakurikijwe imikorere y’icyaha, yagombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibikorwa Ndabasanze Bernard yakoze bigize icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, ko kandi atagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe kuko cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije. [9] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibi bikurikira: 1) kumenya niba Ndabasanze Bernard agomba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi; 2) kumenya niba igihano Ndabasanze Bernard yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze cyagabanywa. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1) Kumenya niba Ndabasanze Bernard agombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi [10] Ndabasanze Bernard na Me Musabwa K. Fréderic umwunganira bavuga ko yavuye mu ishyamba aho yari yagiye gushaka imishingirizo umuhoro yawushyize ku rucyenyerero, ageze ku kabari ahasanga umugore we Twagirimana Didacienne, umugore amubajije aho yashyize ibishyimbo byari mu nzu amubwira ko yabihembye abakozi bahinze, mu gihe barimo gutongana afata umuhoro ashaka kumukubita ikibatiri cyawo uhita umutema, ko rero atigeze agira ubushake bwo kugirira nabi umugore we, ahubwo ibyabaye byamutunguye. [11] Ndabasanze Bernard na Me Musabwa K. Fréderic umwunganira bavuga ko harebwe ibyo bikorwa yakoze, basanga bitagize ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, bagasaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake, giteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka 1. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta gaciro yahabwa, kubera ko Ndabasanze Bernard yagambiriye kwica umugore we, kuko yagiye mu kabari yitwaje umuhoro (intwaro yica vuba), amutema mu mutwe, ashatse gusubizamo amutema ku kaboko, ari nako avuga amagambo ko amwica, ku bw’amahirwe abantu baratabara bamwambura umuhoro, ibyo byose bikaba bigaragaza ko inyito yahawe icyaha akurikiranweho ariyo y’ukuri.

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[13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisanzwe, bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico), ibi akaba ari ko byasobanuwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Emmanuel (igika cya 15). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba, harebwe ibikorwa Ndabasanze Bernard yakoze, agombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake umugore we, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi. [15] Mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye rwasobanuye ko mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Uyu murongo wagiye ukurikizwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00854/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhayimana Dismas. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Ndabasanze Bernard yahamijwe ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bikurikira: a) imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye ko yasanze umugore we aho yari mu kabari amukubita umuhoro mu mutwe, yajya kongera kumukubita umuhoro ugafata ku kaboko. Yavuze kandi ko amutema ntacyo yari agamije, ahubwo yisanze yabikoze; b) imvugo za Twagirimana Didacienne wavuze ko we n’umugabo we Ndabasanze Bernard bahoranaga amakimbirane, ko yamusanze mu kabari amusaba kumugurira inzoga, amubwira ko nta mafaranga afite, maze avana umuhoro mu rukenyerero, nawe ariruka amwirukaho, amutema mu mutwe ari nako avuga ko atamucika, agiye kongera kumutema amanika akaboko amutema mu kiganza, abari mu kabari barasohoka baramufata bamwaka umuhoro; c) ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Byaruhanga Jean d’Amour, Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu wavuze ko yahamagawe na Nshimiye nyir’akabari amubwira ko Ndabasanze Bernard atemaguye umugore we ameze nabi, ahageze ashaka uburyo bwo kumujyana kwa Muganga, abajije Ndabasanze Bernard icyo ahoye umugore we amusubiza ko amutemye abishaka, ko iyo batamumukiza yari kumwica, ariko ntiyavuga icyo amuhoye; d) ubuhamya bwa Mukashyaka Jacqueline wakoranaga ubucuruzi na Twagirimana Didacienne, wavuze ko bari kumwe mu kabari Ndabasanze Bernard arahabasanga, Twagirimana Didacienne amubwira ko yumva afite ubwoba, arasohoka, umugabo we aramukurikira, bageze hanze yumva umugore avugije induru, arebye abona umugabo aramutemye, yongezamo agiye kongezamo bwa gatatu abagabo bari aho bahita bamufata bamwaka umuhoro.

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[17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Musanze bigaragaza ko Ndabarinze Bernard yatemye umugore we mu mutwe, akaba ari mu cyico, no ku kaboko akoresheje umuhoro, intwaro yica, kandi icyo gihe yabwiye Umuyobozi w’umudugudu ko yari agiye kwica umugore we, uretse ko atamubwiye icyo yamuhoraga, bikaba rero bigaragara ko yagize ubushake bwo kumwica, akabuzwa n’uko hari abantu bari mu kabare batabaye bakamwaka umuhoro. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibyo Ndabasanze Bernard aburanisha mu bujurire avuga ko yashatse gukubita umugore we ikibatira cy’umuhoro ukamutema, bityo ko atagize ubushake bwo kumwica, ahubwo yashatse kumukubita no kumukomeretsa nta shingiro bifite. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko urukiko rwabanje rwabibonye, Ndabasanze Bernard agomba guhanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. 2) Kumenya niba igihano Ndabasanze Bernard yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze cyagabanywa [20] Ndabasanze Bernard na Me Musabwa K. Fréderic umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 85 y’Itegeko nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigena ibimenyetso, ukwemera icyaha kwe kwahabwa agaciro kugashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko yamaze kubona ububi bw’icyaha yakoze n’ingaruka zacyo. [21] Ndabasanze Bernard na Me Musabwa K. Fréderic umwunganira bavuga ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (b) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Bavuga ko igihano gito (minimum) ku cyaha Ndabasanze Bernard yakoze ari igifungo cy’imyaka 20, ko rero agomba guhabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 (½ cy’imyaka 20). [22] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibirebana no kugabanya igihano byakozwe, kuko igihano cyavanywe ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) gishyirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agasaba ko icyo gihano Ndabasanze Bernard yahawe kitahinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Impaka kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Ndabasanze Bernard yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze cyagabanywa. [24] Mu rubanza rwajuririwe, Ndabasanze Bernard yari yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rusanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ari cyo gito Itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha yakoze.

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[25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga icyaha Ndabasanze Bernard yakoze cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi gihanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 251, bityo igihano gito yashoboraga kuba yahabwa mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akaba ari imyaka 12 n’amezi 6, aho kuba 15 nk’uko urukiko rwabanje rwabyemeje. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, iryo kosa ryakozwe ryakosorwa, maze Ndabasanze Bernard agahanishwa imyaka 12 n’amezi 6. [27] yarashatse kwica umugore we bashakanye amutemesheje umuhoro mu ruhame, akabibuzwa n’uko abari mu kabare bamutabaye, igihano yahawe cy’imyaka 15 ntikigomba kugabanywa, kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe ko yemeye icyaha, kandi gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ubujurire bwa Ndabasanze Bernard bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kuhinduka gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndabasanze Bernard bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [30] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00615/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 13/02/2025 ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano; [31] Rutegetse ko Ndabarinze Bernard ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka12 n’amezi 6.

1 Ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe iteganya ibikurikira: « Umuntu wica undi abishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ». Naho iya 21, igika cya 3 iteganya ibikurikira : « Ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cy’ubugome cyangwa icyaha gikomeye buhanishwa kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’igihano giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha. Ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ubwinjiracyaha buhanishwa igihano kingana n’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) ».