UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDEREYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDEREYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-14 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00255/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDEREYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00255/2023/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 14 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibyaha n’ibihano - Igabanyagihano - Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo kandi rushobora no kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rushingiye ku mikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo yagikozemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 29/06/2021 hafi n’urugo rwa Ndereyimana habonetse umurambo w’umugore we witwa Mukanyandwi wari wishwe atemaguwe mu mutwe, mu musaya no ku itako anakatwa ijosi hafi yo kurica. Haketswe umugabo we, Ndereyimana, hakorwa iperereza maze ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze icyaha cy’ubwicanyu busaba ko cyamuhama agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko akavuga ko yabitewe n’uko umugore yamusabaga kwimuka. Urukiko rushingiye ku bugome icyo cyaha cyakoranywe, ku mvugo z’uregwa no ku bimenyetso, rwasanze kimuhama rumukatira igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ngo kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko urukiko rushingiye ku bugome n’agashinyaguro Ndereyimana yakoresheje yica umugore rusanga atagabanyirizwa igihano. Uyu yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire na none asaba kugabanyrizwa igihano, urwo Rukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umugore we gishobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. Asobanura ko yemera icyaha cyo kwica umugore we ariko akaba nta mugambi yigeze agira wo kwica kubera ko yabitewe n’ubusinzi bityo agasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ngo kuko ari ni ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yishe umugore we abikoranye ubugome bukabije kandi akaba yaranemeye icyaha bigoranye bityo kwemera bikaba ntacyo byafashije ubutabera kuko hari ibimenyetso bihagije bigaragaza ko ari we wishe nyakwigendera. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo kandi rushobora no kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rushingiye ku mikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo yagikozemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017; RPAA 00512/2023/CA Ubushinjacyaha na Uwihoreye Pierre Céléstin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024; RPAA 00100/2024/CA Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabandora Pascal, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00490/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ngarukiye Samuel n’urubanza, rwaciwe n’Urikiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/9/2024; RPAA 00528/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Murego Charles, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Taliki ya 29/06/2021 mu Mudugudu wa Kagesera, Akagari ka Rushara, Umurenge wa Nemba, Akarere ka Burera mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, nko muri metero 80 hepfo y’urugo rwa Ndereyimana Janvier n’umugore we witwaga Mukanyandwi Dévota babanaga mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, habonetse umurambo w’uwo Mukanyandwi Dévota uryamye mu mukoki bigaragara ko watangiye kwangirika kandi ko nyakwigendera yari yaratemaguwe mu mutwe, mu musaya w’iburyo no ku itako ry’ibumoso, anakatwa ijosi kugeramo imbere. Umugabo we Ndereyimana Janvier yaketsweho kuba ari we wamwishe, maze arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa, iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze akurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [2] Ndereyimana Janvier yaburanye yemera icyaha anasobanura imikorere yacyo, ariko akavuga ko yishe umugore we atabigambiriye kuko bari basanzwe babanye neza, ahubwo ko yabitewe n’uko uwo mugore we yamusabaga ko bimuka aho bari batuye. [3] Mu rubanza Nº RP 00812/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze kuwa 27/09/2021, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Ndereyimana Janvier wemeye ko yishe umugore we, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinje ko yishe umugore we umurambo ukaboneka hashize iminsi 10, no kuri Raporo ya mugaga yagaragaje ko umurambo wa Mukanyandwi Dévota wari ufite ibikomere mu mutwe, ku ijosi no ku kuguru, rwemeje ko Ndereyimana Janvier ahamwa n’ icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kuko icyo cyaha yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. [4] Ndereyimana Janvier yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndereyimana Janvier nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwasobanuye ko atagabanyirijwe igihano ku mpamvu y’uko icyaha cyo kwica umugore we yagikoranye ubugome bukabije, akaba rero atagaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza yajuririye, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA

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0021/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 13/10/2017 umucamanza akaba adategetswe kugabanya igihano kabone n’ubwo uregwa yaba yemera icyaha; asoza asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [5] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00940/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 05/04/2023, rwasanze n’ubwo Ndereyimana Janvier yemeye icyaha, adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ubugome n’agashinyaguro yakoresheje yica umugore we amutemaguye akamuca umutwe kandi agahisha umurambo we mu muringoti ukaboneka nyuma y’iminsi 10 warangiritse; rwemeza ko igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kigumyeho kandi isubikagihano asaba akaba atarihabwa kuko riteganyijwe ku gihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5) nyamara we akaba ahanishijwe igifundo cya burundu. [6] Ndereyimana Janvier yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00255/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 05/02/2025 Ndereyiimana Janvier yunganiwe na Me Nkurunziza Valentin, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu bujurire bwe Ndereyimana Janvier asaba Urukiko kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha kandi akaba acyicuza, kuba ari ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha kandi akaba atarigeze ategura umugambi wo kugikora. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndereyimana Janvier nta shingiro bufite kuko uretse no kuba yaremeye icyaha bigoranye, igihano yahanishijwe kidakwiriye kugabanywa harebwe ubugome yakoranye icyaha cyo kwica umugore we n’ingaruka cyagize muri sosiyete. [8] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana Janvier yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umugore we gishobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana Janvier yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umugore we gishobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. [9] Ndereyimana Janvier asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, kandi akaba atarigeze ategura umugambi wo kwica umugore we kuko bari basanzwe babanye neza, ahubwo yabitewe n’ubusinzi. Me Nkurunziza Valentin umwunganira avuga ko nawe yemera ko icyaha cyakoranywe ubugome bukabije, ariko agasaba Urukiko kwita ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha Ndereyimana Janvier ashingiraho ubujurire bwe, hiyongereyeho kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, rukazihuza n’impamvu nkomezacyaha maze rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 59 agace ka 1° na 3° y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, agahabwa amahirwe yo kugororwa ngo dore ko ari bwo acyuzuza imyaka 30 y’amavuko. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndereyimana Janvier nta shingiro bufite kuko yemeye icyaha bigoranye bikaba ntacyo byafashije ubutabera dore ko n’ubundi hari

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ibimenyetso bifatika bimuhamya icyaha; avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange idategeka umucamanza kugabanya igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu maza zinyuranye zaciwe harimo urubanza N° RPAA 0021/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 13/12/20217, aho rwasobanuye ko iyo icyaha cyakoranywe ubugome bukabije biba impamvu ituma uregwa atagabanyirizwa igihano; ko rero no ku bireba Ndereyimana Janvier icyaha aregwa cyo kwica umugore we yagikoranye ubugome bukabije amutemagura yarangiza agahisha umurambo bigatuma udashyingurwa uko bikwiriye, ibi bikaba ari impamvu nkomezacyaha zituma adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana Janvier yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umugore we gishobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. [12] Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [13] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Urukiko rutegetswe kuyishingiraho rugabanyiriza uregwa igihano cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho1 , aho rwasobanuye ko Urukiko rudategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ko ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo kandi rukaba rushobora no kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rushingiye ku mikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo yagikozemo. Uyu murongo ni nawo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa hakaba harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00512/2023/CA Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uwihoreye Pierre Céléstin (igika cya 16) n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00100/2024/CA Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabandora Pascal (igika cya 17), zombi zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. [14] Nk’uko kandi byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 9 n’icya 10 by’urubanza rwajuririwe, ibijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yaremeye icyaha Ndereyimana Janvier yabisabye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, urwo Rukiko rusanga n’ubwo yemera icyaha

1Uru rubanza rwatangajwe mu Cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko {2018} 4 RLR.

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adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ubugome n’agashinyaguro yakoresheje mu kwica umugore we amutemaguye yarangiza akamuca umutwe, ndetse ntibiherere aho ahubwo akajya no guhisha umurambo we mu muringoti ukaboneka nyuma y’iminsi 10 warangiritse. Ibi Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rukaba rwarabishingiye ku byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 13/10/2017 rwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, maze rusanga n’ubwo Ndereyimana Janvier yemera icyaha aregwa, umucamanza adategetswe kumugabanyiriza kuko icyaha aregwa yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire narwo rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwabibonye, icyaha gihama Ndereyimana Janvier cyo kwica umugore we yaragikoranye ubugome ndengakamere n’agashinyaguro amutemagura mu mutwe, mu musaya w’ibumoso no ku itako ry’ibumoso akamukata ijosi mu buryo bukomeye ku buryo yari hafi kurikuraho, nyuma y’ibyo bikorwa bya kinyamaswa akongeraho no guhisha umurambo we mu muringoti ukaboneka nyuma y’iminsi 10 warangiritse. [17] Hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ukanakomeza gukurikizwa mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nazo zavuzwe haruguru, uwo murongo ukaba ari nawo washingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire narwo rurasanga atari buri gihe byanze bikunze ko uko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigomba kwemezwa nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano, harebwe imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo ; bityo rero n’ubwo Ndereyimana Janvier yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ibi kimwe n’izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ashingiraho mu bujurire bwe nko kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, bitashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano kuko uburyo yishemo umugore we n’imyitwarire yagize nyuma yo kumwica nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, birebewe hamwe n’izindi ngaruka iki cyaha cyateje cyane cyane ku muryango we no ku muryango nyarwanda muri rusange, ari impamvu zituma adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano. [18] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana Janvier yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kikaba gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse n’ubugome yagikoranye. Iki gihano kandi gihura n’icyatanzwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, aho abaregwa bahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakoranywe ubugome bukabije, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu kuko ari cyo gikwiranye n’imiterere n’uburemere bw’icyaha bakoze, harimo nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00490/2023/CA2 rwaciwe ku wa 27/9/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngarukiye Samuel n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00528/2023/CA3 rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Murego Charles. [19] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Ndereimana Janvier agaragaza ryakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

2 Mu gika cya 22 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo rero NGARUKIYE Samuel yemeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro agifatwa kugeza n’ubu akaba acyemera, uburyo yatemye umwana we mutoya inshuro nyinshi kandi mu kico kugeza amwishe, birebewe hamwe n’izindi ngaruka icyi cyaha cyateje ku muryango we no kuri sosiyete muri rusange, adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, bityo igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza gikwiranye n’imiterere n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndereyimana Janvier nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00940/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 05/04/2021 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [22] Rwemeje ko igifungo cya burundu Ndereyimana Janvier yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko Ndereyimana Janvier asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.