UBUSHINJABYAHA v. NDUNGUTSE

# UBUSHINJABYAHA v. NDUNGUTSE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00728/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJABYAHA v. NDUNGUTSE [Rwanda Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – RPAA 00728/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J.) 28Werurwe2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa Igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Ndungutse yakurikiranywe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nyuma y’ikirego cyatanzwe n’uwitwa Kabihogo avuga ko uregwa yasambanyije umwana we w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, babana nk’umugabo n’umugore guhera mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2020, amutera inda. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ndungutse yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Ndungutse yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, hanyuma rushingiye ku mpamvu yuko yaburanye yemera icyaha rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ndungutse nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aburana avuga ko igihano yahawe kiremereye, agasaba ko hashingirwa ku kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba agisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera no kuba nta bunararibonye yari yagira mu mibanire, kuko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, kandi ko imyaka amaze mu igororero yamaze kugororoka, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igiteganyijwe n’itegeko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndungutse nta shingiro bufite, ko yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya, ko harebwe icyaha yakoze yagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko iyo habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Busanga rero kuba yaragabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe kuri iryo tegeko, nta handi urukiko rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange,Ingingo ya 49 Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Habimana Gérard, RPAA 00291/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana, RPAA 00048/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Faustin, RPAA 00158/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara n’abandi, RPAA 00031/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. Imiterere y’ Urubanza [1] Ku wa 07/08/2021, Ndungutse yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha na Kabihogo Alphonsine avuga ko yasambanyije umwana we w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, babana nk’umugabo n’umugore guhera mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2020, amutera inda. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare burega Ndungutse icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [3] Uregwa yaburanye avuga ko umwana bakundanaga, aza kugirana amakimbirane n’iwabo baramwirukana, amusaba ko bakwibanira arabimwemerera n’ababyeyi babo barabyemera. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 01230/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 13/10/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, harimo imvugo ze yemera ko yabanye n’umwana n’imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko kuba Uregwa yaremeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, akagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) n’amezi atandatu (6).

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[6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 01371/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 20/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwa Ndungutse bufite ishingiro, hanyuma rushingiye ku mpamvu yuko yaburanye yemera icyaha rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [7] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00728/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/03/2025, Uregwa yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Lilian, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ndungutse avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndungutse nta shingiro bufite, kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha yakoze mu gihe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Ndungutse yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba igihano Ndungutse yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko igihano yahawe kiremereye, bagasaba ko hashingirwa ku kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, akagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba nta bunararibonye yari yagira mu mibanire, kuko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka Urubanza Nº RPAA 00728/2024/CA makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, kandi ko imyaka amaze mu igororero yamaze kugororoka, maze akagabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igiteganyijwe n’itegeko. [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’igihano gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi yarakoze icyaha mbere y’uko iryo tegeko risohoka, akaba rero agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, uvuga ko iyo Urukiko rusanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, iyo intera iri hagati y’igihano gito n’ikiri hejuri ari ndende, naho mu gihe iyo ntera ari nto, umucamanza ashobora kugabanya akagera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko hitawe ku buremere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka cyateje, hakanashingirwa ku ngingo ya 29, agace ka (f), y’Itegeko Nshinga, ahavugwa kudahanishwa igihano kiruta icyari gitenganyijwe n’amategeko mu gihe umuntu yakoraga icyaha [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya, ko harebwe icyaha yakoze yagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko iyo habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y'Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018

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riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Asanga rero kuba Ndungutse yaragabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe kuri iryo tegeko, nta handi urukiko rwahera ngo rwongere kumugabanyiriza. Uko Urukiko rubibona [13] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urubanza Nº RPAA 00728/2024/CA urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00291/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habimana Gérard. [14] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Uregwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza n° RPA 001371/2021/HC/RWG rujururirirwa, Uregwa yajuriye avuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye, asaba ko cyagabanywa kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2(a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [16] Mu manza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye hari izacyemuye ikibazo nk’icya Ndungutse wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore afite imyaka makumyabiri (20), harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00158/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Faustin wakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, we afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) y’amavuko babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kivuye ku myaka makumyabiri (20). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga Ndungutse yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko, igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa, kuko ari nacyo gito itegeko

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riteganyiriza icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore mu gihe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro. [18] Ku byerekeranye n’ibyo Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza 00032/2019/CA1, kuko ariwo wakurikizwaga ubwo yakoraga icyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko uwo murongo wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi iyo ngingo yasimbuwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwasobanuye ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [19] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko, imanza zatanze imirongo no kubisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndungutse bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndungutse nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 001371/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 20/05/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [22] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ndungutse yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore kigumyeho; [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Ndungutse yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

1 Urubanza nº RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu.