UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYAREMYE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYAREMYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01225/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYAREMYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01225/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 19 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza z’inshinjabyaha – Ukwemera icyaha – Agaciro ko kwemera icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza - Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, n’ubwo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza – Imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso - Expertise - Ikimenyetso cya “expertise médicale “(raporo ya muganga) gishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso ariko ntabwo aricyo nshinganwa Urukiko rushingiraho kugira ngo ruce urubanza cyane cyane mu gihe uwakoze icyaha abyiyemerera kandi agasobanura inzira zose yanyuzemo kugirango abigereho, n’iyo iyo “expertise médicale” yaba ihari ntabwo iboha umucamanza ku buryo agomba kuyigenderaho byanze bikunze.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsengiyaremye yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 3 ubwo uwo mwana yajyaga mu rugo rwe gukina n’abandi bana, arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Mu bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, Nsengiyaremye yemeye icyaha asobanura n’uburyo yagikoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumusabira igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana avuga ko yageretsweho icyo cyaha kubera amakimbirane yari afitanye n’ababyeyi be. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwaciye urubanza1 rusanga uregwa ahamwa n’icyo cyaha rumukatira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze kuko yahatiwe ku cyemera hakoreshejwe inkoni yakubiswe. Urukiko rwasanze ibyo avuga nta shingiro bifite ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Nsengiyaremye yatanze ubujurire bwa 2 mu Rukiko rw’Ubjurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hari ibyirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana no kumenya niba kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe byatuma hemezwa ko nta cyaha cyo kumusambanya cyabayeho. Nsengiyaremye asobanura ko atigeze akora icyaha ashinjwa kuko yakemeye kubera gukubitwa ahubwo akaba yarahimbiwe icyaha kubera amakimbirane yari afitanye n’ababyeyi b’uwo mwana. Akomeza avuga ko raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko uwo mwana atigeze asambanywa bityo akaba asanga yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso byizewe bishingiweho. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa, ku bushake bwe yemeye icyaha mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha nta gitutu ashyizweho cyangwa ngo akubitwe dore ko nta n’ikimenyetso abitangira. Bukomeza buvuga ko kuba raporo ya muganga ivuga ko umwana atasambanyijwe, bitavuze ko atigeze asambanywa.

1 Muri kopi y’urubanza habaye kwibeshya kuri numero handikwa RPA 01378/2021/TGI/NGOMA.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, n’ubwo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura; 2. Ikimenyetso cya “expertise médicale “(raporo ya muganga) gishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso ariko ntabwo aricyo nshinganwa Urukiko rushingiraho kugira ngo ruce urubanza cyane cyane mu gihe uwakoze icyaha abyiyemerera kandi agasobanura inzira zose yanyuzemo kugirango abigereho, n’iyo iyo “expertise médicale” yaba ihari ntabwo iboha umucamanza ku buryo agomba kuyigenderaho byanze bikunze. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amatageko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko yahinduwe, ingingo ya 133. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0010/06/CS - RPA 0011/06/CS - RPA 0012/06/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008; RPA 0089/07/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Dukuzumuremyi Jean Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/06/2008; RPAA 00189/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nyandwi Shaban, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025; RPAA 00414/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyomukiza Samuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku wa 12/01/2020, Nsengiyaremye2 yaketsweho kuba yarasambanyije umwana wahawe izana rya U.B wari ufite hafi imyaka itatu (3) y’amavuko, ubwo uwo mwana yajyanaga n’abandi bana iwabo bagiye gukina. Amaze gufatwa yashyikirijwe Ubugenzacyaha, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nsengiyaremye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, aburana ahakana icyaha aregwa avuga ko impamvu ashinjwa n’ababyeyi ba U.B ari uko bagiranye amakimbirane akomoka ku masambu no kuba ihene zabo zaramwoneye akabarega bagacibwa amafaranga 2.000 Frw. Yanavuze ko yeme icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha abitewe no gukubitwa.

2 Mu mwanzuro we yongeyeho ko yitwa Nsengiyaremye Darius.

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[3] Mu rubanza N° RP 00114/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko Nsengiyaremye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Ibimenyetso byashingiweho akaba ari ukwemera icyaha kwe mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, ubuhamya bwa Ndegeya Dismas wemeje ko bajya kumufata yabemereye ko yasambanyije U.B, ko kandi yababwiye ko yabanje gukoza intoki ku gitsina cye no gushyira igitsina cye mu cya U.B ariko ntibikunde, anababwira ko ari shitani yabimuteye na raporo yo ku wa 16/01/2020 yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugugu wa Mutara ikemezwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Kigabiro.

[4] Nsengiyaremye yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko atishimiye igihano yahanishijwe, ko yashinjwe icyo cyaha kubera amakimbirane yari afitanye na se wabo witwa Ndegeya Dismas, ko ibyo bavuga ko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha ari ukubeshya, asaba kurenganurwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko iyo harebwe uko yemeye icyaha aregwa bigahuzwa n’ibimenyetso bigaragara mu kirego usanga nta shiti yarakoze icyaha aregwa.

[5] Mu rubanza No RPA 01378/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 04/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwa Nsengiyaremye nta shingiro bufite kuko ibyo avuga atabasha kubigaragarisha ibimenyetso, rusanga ariko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku byemejwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00442/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 24/11/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Daniel by’uko nta cyabuza urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’iyo impamvu ze z’ubujurire zitahabwa ishingiro. Rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rumugabanyiriza igifungo cya burundu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15.

[6] Nsengiyaremye yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 01225/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 11/05/2025 Nsengiyaremye yitabye yunganirwa na Me Munezero Déogratias naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyibizi Tite, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu.

[7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Nsengiyaremye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhamije icyaha rwirengagije raporo ya muganga kuko igaragaza ko umwana atasambanyijwe, akaba ari cyo kimenyetso kamarampaka, runiregangiza ko yemeye icyaha bitewe no gukubitwa nyuma yo kubeshyerwa na se wabo Ndegeya Dismas kubera amakimbiranane bafitanye yo gushaka kumutwarira imitungo ya se.

[8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Nsengiyaremye nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu kumuhamya icyaha Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku bimenyesto bidashikanywaho nk’uko rwagiye rubisobanura mu gika cya 10 kugeza ku cya 13 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa.

[9] Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira:

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a) Kumenya niba mu kwemeza ko Nsengiyaremye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hari ibyirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana.

b) Kumenya niba kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe byatuma hemezwa ko nta cyaha cyo kumusambanya cyabayeho.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

1)

Kumenya niba mu kwemeza ko Nsengiyaremye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hari ibyirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana.

[10] Nsengiyaremye n’umwunganira banenga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta kimenyetso simusiga gishingiweho kigaragaza ko yagikoze. Bavuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha yashyizweho igitutu bituma yemera icyaha yitabara kuko yakubitwaga naho mu Bushinjacyaha acyemera kuko se wabo yakomeje kumugendaho, ariko ko ibyo bamwandikiye bavuga uburyo yasobanuyemo yasambanyije umwana aregwa, atari ko byagenze, kuko ntabyo yavuze, ko atari no gukenera gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku mwana w’imyaka 3. Banavuga ko na raporo y’umudugudu atayemera kuko atazi uburyo yakozwemo, ko yanatanze abatangabuhamya ntibabazwa, kandi aribo bazi iby’amakimbirane se umubyara yari afitanye na se wabo. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Nsengiyaremye n’umwunganira ko agifatwa yakubiswe, agashyirwaho igitutu bituma yemera icyaha atakoze nta bimenyetso babitangira, kuko abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha naho yakomeje kucyemera ndetse abisobanura nk’uko yabivuze mu Bugenzacyaha. Anavuga ko ibyo bavuga ko hari icyo apfa n’abamushinje, nabyo nta gaciro byahabwa kuko nta kimenyetso abitangira uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa atagira ikiyashimangira.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[12] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana mu kwemeza ko Nsengiyaremye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. [13] Ibijyanye n’agaciro gahabwa imvugo z’uregwa wemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza yagera imbere y’Urukiko akagihakana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPA 0010/06/CS - RPA 0011/06/CS - RPA 0012/06/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2008, haburana

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Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira na bagenzi be3. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ari we ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, n’ubwo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Uyu murongo kandi wagendeweho no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, uruherutse akaba ari urubanza Nº RPAA 00189/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyandwi Shaban4. [14] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 12/01/2020, Nsengiyaremye yaketsweho kuba yarasambanyije umwana wahawe izina rya U.B wari ufite hafi imyaka itatu (3) y’amavuko, mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 14/01/2020 yavuze ko yemera icyaha aregwa akanagisabira imbabazi avuga ko ubwo yasambanyaga uwo mwana yamushyizemo igitsina cye inshuro ebyiri ariko nticyajyamo abigerageza nko mu gihe cy’iminota iri hagati y’itanu n’irindwi, abonye byanze arabireka aragenda, ko nyuma yaje kubibazwa na nyina w’umwana amubwira ko ari satani yamushutse, ndetse amuha amafaranga 3.000 Frw yo kujyana umwana kwa muganga ariko birangira irondo rije kumufata. [15] Ku wa 20/01/2020, Nsengiyaremye yabajijwe mu Bushinjacyaha avuga ko yemera icyaha aregwa akagisabira imbabazi, ko ari satani yamushutse. Asobanura ko yabanje gushyira urutoki mu gitsina cy’umwana arangije ashyiramo igitsina cyanga kujyamo arabyihorera. [16] Umutangabuhamya witwa Ndegeya Dismas, nawe yaramushinje avuga ko ubwo we n’abo bari kumwe bamenyaga ko umwana w’umuturanyi wabo yahohotewe na Nsengiyaremye, batabaye bahageze bamubaza uko byagenze, abemerera ko yabikoze ariko bikamunanira akaza kubyihorera ko yari yatewe na satani. Raporo yo ku wa 16/01/2020 yakozwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugugu wa Mutara ikemezwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Kigabiro nayo yashimangiye ibyavuzwe. [17] Nk’uko umurongo wavuzwe haruguru ubivuga, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza imvugo zivugiwe imbere yarwo mu gihe zivuguruza izavugiwe imbere y’inzego z’iperereza, ahubwo ubwarwo rukora isesengura kugira ngo rumenye imvugo ihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye. Uru Rukiko rurasanga mu nzego z’iperereza, Nsengiyaremye yarasobanuye mu buryo burambuye uko yasambanyije U.B n’uko yaje gufatwa, ibyo yavuze akaba abihurizaho n’umutangabuhamya Ndegeya Dismas wavuze ibyo yababwiye ubwo yari amaze gufatwa, ndetse na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze iza ibishimangira. [18] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Nsengiyaremye yarageze mu Rukiko agahindura imvugo, bitaba impamvu yatuma ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha bidashingirwaho, kuko ari byo bihura n’ukuri ku mikorere y’icyaha. Ibyo avuga ko yashyizweho agahato, aranakubitwa bituma yemera icyaha bikaba nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kimenyetso yabitangiye. Ibi ni kimwe n’ibyo avuga ko Ndegeya Dismas na nyina w’umwana bamushinja bamubeshyera kubera amakimbirane bafitanye, kuko nabyo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rugaragaza ko nta kimenyetso abigaragariza; kuri uru rwego naho akaba ntacyo agaragaza kibivuguruza.

3 Reba igika cya 46 cy’urwo rubanza. 4 Reba igika cya 17 cy’urwo rubanza.

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[19] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa kuri iyi ngingo, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rwamagana mu kwemeza ko Nsengiyaremye ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa rushingiye ku mvugo ze zo mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, ku mvugo z’ababajijwe mu iperereza no kuri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze.

2) Kumenya niba kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe byatuma hemezwa ko nta cyaha cyo kumusambanya cyabayeho.

[20] Nsengiyaremye n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nyamara raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko nta kidasanzwe umuganga yabonye gihamya ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe. Bavuga ko raporo ya muganga yagombaga guca impaka aho gushingira ku buhamya bw’abamushinja ibitari ukuri. [21] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe bitavuze ko umwana atasambanijwe nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2022, aho hemejwe ko kuba umwana yasanganwa akarangabusugi kazima, bitavanaho ko hari ibikorwa yakorerwaho bigamije kwishimisha, ko kandi uwo murongo wanemejwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe, ari ikimenyetso gihamya ko Nsengiyaremye atakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana aregwa. [23] Ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko yahinduwe, iteganya ko umuntu wese ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira aba akoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana: 1º Gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’umwana; 2º Gushyira urugingo urwo ari rwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; 3º Gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. [24] Mu rubanza No RPA 0089/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/06/2008 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dukuzumuremyi Jean Claude, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ikimenyetso cya “expertise médicale ‘’(raporo ya muganga ) gishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso ariko ko atari cyo nshinganwa Urukiko rushingiraho kugira ngo ruce urubanza cyane cyane mu gihe uwakoze icyaha abyiyemerera kandi agasobanura inzira zose yanyuzemo kugirango abigereho, ko n’iyo iyo “expertise médicale” yaba ihari itaboha umucamanza ku buryo agomba kuyigenderaho byanze bikunze. Uyu murongo wagiye ukurikizwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo urubanza No RPAA 00414/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyomukiza Samuel.

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[25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rurasanga kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana U.B yasambanyijwe, atari ikimenyetso gihagije gihamya ko Nsengiyaremye atakoze icyaha aregwa, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yasobanuye uburyo yagerageje kwinjiza igitsina cye mu cya U.B kikanga kwinjira, yabona ari kubabara akarekeraho, hari n’aho avuga ko yabanje gushyiramo urutoki, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, akaba atarahatiwe kwemera icyaha asobanura ibyo yakoze. Imvugo ze rero zikaba zigaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko igikorwa cyo kwinjiza igitsina cye mu cy’umwana yagikoze, akabuzwa gukomeza n’uko cyanze kwinjira. [26] Hashingiwe rero ku bimaze gusobanurwa no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133, y’ Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igikorwa yakoze cyo gushyira igitsina cye mu cy’umwana kigize icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bityo akaba atakwitwaza ko raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyaremye nta shingiro bufite; [28] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 01378/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 04/11/2024 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [29] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15, Nsengiyaremye yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza kidahindutse.