UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00384/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00384/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Kujuririra kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa - Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsengiyumva ubwo yari mu iduka rye acuruza, yafatanwe udupfunyika 100 tw’urumogi ndetse n’urundi rwari ruri muri envelope n’utujerekani 2 twa kanyanga nkeya. Yashyikirijwe ubutabera Ubushinjacyaha bumurega icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi na kanyanga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, busaba kwemeza ko icyo cyaha kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko kanyanga bamufatanye ari iyo yanywagaho naho urumogi akaba ari undi muntu waruzanye akarubika atazi ibirimo. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwasanze icyaha ashinjwa kimuhama rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nyamara yaragaragaje ibimenyetso n’abatangabuhamya babonye uwitwa Ngezahoguhora amubitsa urwo rumogi. Urwo rukiko rwasanze Nsengiyumva atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa icyaha ariko rusanga akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uru rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwaratanzwe impitagihe no kumenya niba Nsengiyumva yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024, ku wa 27/05/2024 Nsengiyumva arujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ariko ntiyakora umwanzuro w’ubujurire; ku wa 24/06/2024 akora umwanzuro w’inyongera avuga ko atagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buhagije awutanga nyuma y’iminsi 30, igihe cyo kujurira cyararangiye bityo ubwo bujurire bwe bukaba budakwiriye kwakirwa. Nsengiyumva avugako yajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ashyikiriza umwanzuro ubuyobozi bwa Gereza ari nabwo bwawohereje mu Rukiko Rukuru, urwo rukiko rukaza kuwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwaratanzwe ku gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse kikanasubikwa, Nsengiyumva asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano byaba ngombwa kigasubikwa hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko, kuba ubu yemera icyaha akicuza akagisabira n’imbabazi no kuba icyo cyaha nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje muri rubanda. Ibyo bakabishingira ku manza zaciwe zigaragaza ko umucamanza adakwiriye kwanga kugabanya igihano ashingiye ko ugisaba yagabanyrijwe bihagije. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nsengiyumva yagabanyirijwe igihano ku

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buryo buhagije nubwo atemeraga icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi ntagaragaza ko urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko nabi cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano bityo akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cyangwa ngo asubikirwe kuko igihano yahawe kiri hejuru y’icyo tegeko ryemerera isubika. Urukiko rwasanze imanza zatanzwe n’uregwea asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano zari zishingiye ku itegeko ritagikoreshwa ndetse rusanga yaranagabanyirijwe bihagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 181; Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2,3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00026/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mutesiwimana Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 02/02/2021, Nsengiyumva Edouard ari muri butike ye aho acururiza ibiribwa bitandukanye, yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika ijana (100 boules) n’urundi rudapfunyitse ruri muri “enveloppe”, n’utujerekani tubiri twa kanyanga twari dusigayemo kanyanga nkeya. Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi na kanyanga, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, busaba kwemeza ko icyo cyaha kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [2] Nsengiyumva Edouard yaburanye yemera ko anywa kanyanga, ariko ko atayicuruza, ko atanacuruza urumogi, akavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rwazanywe na NGEZAHOGUHORA ruri muri “enveloppe” amusaba ko yayimubikira ayibika atazi ko irimo urumogi. [3] Mu rubanza N° RP 00201/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Nsengiyumva Edouard

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yakoze icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga n’urumogi, birimo:

Kuba abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yaremeye ko acuruza kanyanga, umwunganizi we nawe abishimangira mugihe cy’iburanisha;

imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamufashe bamushinja ko acuruza kanyanga n’urumogi;

inyandikomvugo y’ifatira rya kanyanga n’urumogi yafatanywe yashyizeho umukono. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva Edouard ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga n’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [4] Nsengiyumva Edouard yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, hirengagijwe ibisobanuro yatanze by’uko urumogi yafatanywe rutari urwe birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babonye uwitwa NGEZAHOGUHORA arumubitsa, ariko Urukiko ntirwababaza, asaba kugirwa umwere kuri icyo cyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, agahanirwa icyaha yemera cyo kunywa no gucuruza kanyanga akanagabanyirizwa ibihano. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bimuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [6] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00454/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard nta shingiro bufite kuko atagaragaza ibimenyetso bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rusanga ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kirebewe hamwe n’uburembere bw’icyaha yakoze kiremereye cyane, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [7] Nsengiyumva Edouard yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00384/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 10/01/2025, Nsengiyumva Edouard yunganiwe na Me Rwabigwi Augustin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabien, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Nsengiyumva Edouard n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa ibihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard bwatanzwe impitagihe, bityo ko budakwiye kwakirwa. Ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, rwazabona ko nta shingiro bufite kuko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi yaragabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gito ntarenga gitanyirijwe icyaha yakoze akaba atagaragaza niba Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [9] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza hagiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira:

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a. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard bwaratanzwe impitagihe bukaba budakwiye kwakirwa; b. Kumenya niba Nsengiyumva Edouard yakongera

kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard bwaratanzwe impitagihe bukaba budakwiye kwakirwa [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko urubanza N° RPA 00454/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 12/04/2024, ku itariki ya 27/05/2024 Nsengiyumva Edouard arujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’uko bigaragara muri IECMS, ariko ntiyakora umwanzuro w’ubujurire, ku wa 24/06/2024 akora umwanzuro w’inyongera avuga ko atagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buhagije kuko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe ari kinini, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa, bivuze ko Nsengiyumva Edouard yajuriye ku itariki ya 24/06/2024 kuko aribwo yatanze umwanzuro avuga ko ari uw’inyongera ariko umwanzuro wa mbere ukaba utarigeze ugaragara muri IECMS. Muyandi magambo yajuriye impitagihe kuko uhereye igihe yatangiye umwanzuro y’ita uw’inyongera, igihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu (30) atacyubahirije, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba budakwiye kwakirwa. [11] Nsengiyumva Edouard n’umwunganira, bavuga ko yajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, umwanzuro w’ubujurire awushyikiriza umunyamategeko wa Gereza (Legal officer) uyu arawakira awushyiraho kashe ya Gereza awushyira muri système, ariko habaho kwibeshya ushyikirizwa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana nyuma uza koherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Uko Urukiko rubibona [12] Igingo ya 181, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ivuga ko “Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho ku muburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga. Icyo gihe gikurikizwa kandi ku muburanyi wamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira”. [13] Nk’uko bigaragara muri système, urubanza N° RPA 00454/2021/HC/RWG rujurirwa rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 12/04/2024, ku wa 03/05/2024, Nsengiyumva Edourd akora umwanzuro wo kurujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, awushyikiriza umunyamategeko (legal offcer) wa Gereza ya Rwamagana ku wa 06/05/2024 awushyiraho kashe ya Gereza. [14] Dosiye igaragaza ko umunyamategeko wa Gereza ya Rwamagana amaze kwakira uwo mwanzuro, habayeho kwibesha maze ku wa 09/05/2024 awohereza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, umwanzuro umaze kugera muri urwo Rukiko ubujurire bwahawe nomero y’agateganyo PST RP 03765/2024/HC/RWG, kuri iyo tariki, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa

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Rwamagana rwahise rubona ko habeyoho kwibesha, ruhita rwohereza ubwo bujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 181 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutagwa mu bika bibanziriza iki, rurasanga Nsengiyumva Edourd yarubahirije igihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu (30) cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko kuko urubanza ajuririra rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024, ubujurire bwe abushyikiriza umunyamategeko (legal officer) wa Gereza afungiyemo ku wa 06/05/2024, kuko nk’umuntu ufunze nta bundi buryo yari afite bwo kujurira uretse gukora umwanzuro w’ubujurire akawushyikiriza umunyamategeko wa Gereza afungiyemo akaba ariwe umutangira ikirego cy’ubujurire, ari nabyo yakoze. Kuba rero umunyamategeko wa Gereza yaribeshye ubujurire akabwohereza aho butagombaga kujya, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Nsengiyumva Edouard atabiryozwa kuko we yakoze icyo yagombaga gukora kandi agikora mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Ikindi kandi n’ubwo ubujurire bwabanje koherezwa mu Rukiko rutarirwo (Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana), ariko iryo kosa ryarakosowe, bwoherezwa mu Rukiko rwajuririwe (Urukiko ’Ubujurire) kandi bwoherezwa igihe cyo kujurira kitararangira (ku wa 09/05/2024). [16] Kubera izo mpamvu zose zimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha isaba kutakira ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard, nta shingiro ifite kuko bwatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. 1. b. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Nsengiyumva Edouard yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa [17] Nsengiyumva Edouard n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwemeje ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya kuko ariryo ritanga igihano cyoroheje, ariko ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije ahanishwa igihano kiremereye cyane cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kandi igihano kiremereye ntacyo kimarira uregwa ku bijyanye no kugororoka kuko bigira ingaruka mbi ku muryango we, basaba ko icyo gihano cyagabanywa kikanasubikwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ziromo:

kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akacyicuza, akagisabira imbabaza kandi akaba yiyemeje kutazagisubira ukundi, cyane cyane ko nta gihe ntarengwa cyo kuba uregwa yasubiza agatima impembero akemera icyaha akaba yahabwa amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano;

kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurinwaho icyaha imbere y’inkiko;

kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kuko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe byangijwe nk’uko byategetswe n’Urukiko;

kuba ibiyobyabwenge ari kimwe mu bintu byinjiza amafaranga menshi mu gihe gito, akaba ariyo mpamvu yamuteye ku byishoramo kubera ubukene n’ubushobozi buke yatewe n’uko hari mu bihe bya Covid – 19, hariho gahunda ya guma murugo aho umuntu yirwanagaho ashakisha uburyo bwo gutunga umuryango.

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[18] Basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491 n’iya 582 z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, no kumanza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, harimo urubanza N° RS/INCONST/SPEC 0003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, rwemeje ko uburemere bw’igihano ataribwo butuma uwagihawe agoroka kandi ko gutanga igihano ntayegayezwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha binyuranye no gutanga ubutabera buboneye ndetse ko binanyuranye n’ingingo ya 29 n’iya 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [19] Urubanza N° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu n’urubanza N° RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, aho muri izo manza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko Umucamanza adashobora kwanga kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa ku mpamvu y’uko yagabanyirijwe mu Rukiko rubanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha akomeza kugaragaza mu bujurire no ku mpamvu y’uko yahawe igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ko umucamanza wo mu bujurire aba afite inshingano zo kongera gusuzuma izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha akareba ko igihano cyatanzwe kirebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha aricyo gikwiye. Urubanza N° RPAA 00073/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/04/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mugiraneza Claude, aho uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihaza y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe n’inkiko zibanza, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Basaba ko izo manza zashingirwaho Nsengiyumva Edouard nawe agahabwa amahirwe akagabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano agasubira muri sosiyete nyarwanda akitwara neza akanashishikariza abandi kureka gukoresha ibiyobyawenge kuko amaze kumenya ububi bwabyo. [20] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, Nsengiyumva Edouard atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze mu gihe atanemeraga icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi akaba atanagaragaza niba Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano, mu gihe kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano byashoboka gusa igihe igihano yahawe kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe.

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 2 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko”.

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[21] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko, mu Rukiko rubanza Nsengiyumva Edouard yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo Umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cyo gufungwa burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), bityo ko Urukiko ntaho rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito ntarengwa ku byaha byateganyirijwe igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Ku birebana n’isubikagihano, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nsengiyumva Edouard atasubikirwa igihano kuko amategeko atemera ko igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) cyasubikwa. Asaba kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse. Uko Urukiko rubibona 2. i. Ibijyanye n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Nsengiyumva Edouard [22] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [23] Naho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00026/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mutesiwimana Jean de Dieu. [24] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Nsengiyumva Edouard igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi na kanyanga, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [25] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje bikaba byanibukijwe mu gice cy’imiterere y’urubanza, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Nsengiyumva Edouard yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi na kanyanga, ahanishwa igifungo

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cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Nsengiyumva Edouard yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi akemera gusa icyo kunywa ngo gucuruza kanyanga, agasaba ko aricyo yahanirwa akanagabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko mugusesengura ubujurire bwe, rwasanze nta shingiro bufite kuko nta bimenyetso atanga bivuguruza ibyashingiwe bimuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rusanga ariko igihano yahawe kirebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kiremereye cyane, rurakigabanya rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nsengiyumva Edouard yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ari cyo gihano gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi na kanyanga, kikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [27] Ku birebana n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) Nsengiyumva Edouard yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rw’ubujurire rurasanga nayo idakwiye kugabaywa kuko n’ubwo atariyo hazabu nto iteganywa n’Itegeko rishya (Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru) ku cyaha yahamijwe, ariko kandi harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bureberwa mu ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe byo gukwirakwiza byagomba kwangiza abana b’u Rwanda, aho yafatanywe urumogi runga n’udupfunyika ijana (100 boules) n’urundi rudapfunyitse n’utujekani 2 twa kanyanga, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko uko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe ari byinshi, ari nako byari kwangiza abantu benshi; ihazabu yaciwe ariyo ikwiye ikaba atakongera kugabanywa ngo ni uko haje Itegeko rishya nk’uko byatanzweho umurungo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza N° RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayambaje Eugène, uvuga ko “Ihame mu mategeko ari uko mu manza nshinjabyaha Urukiko rukurikiza itegeko ryorohereza uregwa, ariko ku birebana n’igabanya ry’igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, n’ubwo itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko ntiruhita rumuha igihano gito giteganyijwe mu itegeko rishya, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe, mu mbago z’igihano giteganywa n’itegeko rishya. Bivuze ko Urukiko rushobora kwanga kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahanishijwe mu gihe rusanga kiri mu rugero (fourchette) rw’igiteganywa n’Itegeko rishya kandi gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze”. [28] Ku birebana n’agace ka (b) k’ingingo 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Nsemgiyumva Edouard asaba ko kashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko ako gace kifashishwa mu kugabanya ibihano ku byaha byateganyirijwe igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura, aho biteganyijwe ko gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, nyamara mu byaha bihama Nsengiyumva Edouard harimo icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, giteganyirijwe igifungo ya burundu3,

3 Reba ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda,

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kandi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cyaburundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko nti kijye munsi y’imyakaka 15 nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gika 22 cy’uru rubanza, ari nacyo yahanishijwe. [29] Ku birebana n’imanza Nsengiyumva Edouard asaba ko zashingirwaho akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zidakwiye gushingirwaho kuko umurongo watanzwe muri izo manza wemerera Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi umurongo washyizweho n’inkiko ushingiye ku Itegeko ryavanyweho n’Itegeko rishya cyangwa ingingo y’Itegeko yahinduwe ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza N° RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul4. 3. ii. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Nsengiyumva Edouard [30] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Nsengiyumva Edouard asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’iriremezo cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko we akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

[32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha isaba kutakira ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Edouard nta shingiro ifite; [34] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nsengiyumva Edouard bwakiriwe ariko ko nta shingiro bufite; [35] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00454/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 12/04/2024, rudahindutse;

ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. 4 Reba igika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza.

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[36] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Nsengiyumva Edouard yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.