UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHONGORE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHONGORE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00427/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHONGORE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00427/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Umucamanza niwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’urukiko akayihindura. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya ibihano nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro – Ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nshongore Ndimukaga yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nshongore ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Nshongore Ndimukaga yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asaba ko yarenganurwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000frw) aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Nshongore Ndimukaga yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje, ko ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe iwe nyamara we adaheruka mu rugo rwe, ko kuba yarigeze acuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko akabireka bitamuhamya urwafatiwe iwe adahari, asaba kurenganurwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko Nshongore Ndimukaga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi bihagije, ko mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha kandi ko iyo mvugo ariyo igomba guhabwa agaciro, busaba ko hahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umucamanza niwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’urukiko akayihindura. 2. Ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe.

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Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibuhano.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 53. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11 Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0229/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs NYIRAHABIMANA Espérance rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/09/2014; RPA 0243/09/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs HABYARIMANA Jean Venant rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/07/1013; RPAA 0109/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs NTIBITONDERWA Juvénal rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2014; RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/05/2020 saa kumi za mu gitondo (4h00), mu rukerera abashinzwe umutekano bafatiye urumogi (ikilo kimwe n’udupfunyika 74) mu nzu ya Nshongore Ndimukaga, nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha burega Nshongore Ndimukaga bumukurikiranyeho kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [2] Imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, Nshongore Ndimukaga yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko, nubwo urumogi rwafatiwe iwe mu nzu ariko ko atigeze arufatanwa ku giti cye, ko iryo joro atari yaraye mu rugo, ariyo mpamvu atanashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi, asaba kugirwa umwere kuko arengana. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00486/2020/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 31/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Nshongore yavugiye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja barimo umugore we na murumuna we, rushingiye no ku nyandikomvugo y’urumogi rwafatiriwe iwe mu rugo, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [4] Nshongore Ndimukaga yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kurenganurwa kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko ibiyobyabwenge bamushinja nta bimenyetso byagaragajwe byemeza ko ari ibye, ko atabasha kumenya nyirarwo kuko urugo rwe rubamo

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abasore n’inkumi benshi kandi ko ataherukaga mu rugo, ko yafashwe avuye mu Mutara aho yari yaragiye gucuruza amabuye y’agaciro, asaba kurenganurwa kuko icyaha ari gatozi. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Nshongore Ndimukaga yaraye mu rugo rwe ku munsi polisi ikora isaka kandi ko yari yazanye urumogi, ko umugore we yakinguriye abaje gusaka hanyuma Nshongore agacikira mu wundi muryango, ibyo bikaba byemezwa n’abatangabuhamya barimo n’umugore we, busaba ko yahamishwa ku gihano yahawe. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00398/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 13/07/202, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no ku mvugo yemera icyaha imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, rwemeje ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye bifite ireme, ko Nshongore Ndimukaga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000frw) aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [7] Nshongore Ndimukaga yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00427/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 9/12/2024 yunganiwe na Me Munyaneza Laban naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Nshongore Ndimukaga yunganiwe na Me Munyaneza Laban, yajuririye uru Rukiko avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje, ko ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe iwe nyamara we adaheruka mu rugo rwe, ko kuba yarigeze acuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko akabireka bitamuhamya urwafatiwe iwe adahari, asaba kurenganurwa. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Nshongore Ndimukaga nta shingiro zifite kuko mu gika cya 13 n’icya 14 by’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ibimenyetso bihagije rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ko mu Bugenzacyaha uyu yemeye icyaha kandi ko iyo mvugo ariyo igomba guhabwa agaciro, busaba ko hahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose . [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Nshongore Ndimukaga yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga bishingiweho. II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nshongore Ndimukaga yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga bikimuhamya urukiko rushingiyeho. [11] Mu mwanzuro we w’Ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Nshongore Ndimukaga avuga ko yarenganyijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru aho rwamuhamije icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nyamara ntabyo bigeze bamusangana, ko n’ubwo urumogi rwafatiwe iwe mu rugo, we atahaherukaga kuko yari amaze iminsi mu Mutara aho yacuruzaga amabuye y’agaciro akaba yarafashwe ataragera mu rugo. Akomeza avuga ko atigeze ashyira umukono ku nyandiko y’ifatira ry’urumogi, ko umugore we Yadamu Dancille umushinja ari we wagombye kubazwa iby’urwo rumogi kuko ari we wari mu rugo aho barusanze.

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[12] Me Munyaneza Laban umwunganira avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahaniye Nshongore Ndimukaga icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi rugenekereje kuko rwagendeye ku mvugo y’uko akiri umusore yigeze arunywa ariko akaruvaho rubifataho ikimenyetso cy’uko n’ibyafatiriwe kuri uwo munsi ari ibye, ko kandi nta muntu wahamije ko yamugurishije urumogi cyangwa ngo hagaragazwe amafaranga yarucurujemo. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Nshongore Ndimukaga nta shingiro zifite kuko mu gika cya 13 n’icya 14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ibimenyetso bihagije rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko Nshongore Ndimukaga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi akaba atarabashije kubivuguruza kugeza na n’ubu. Bukomeza buvuga ko Nshongore abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe iwe ari ibye , avuga ndetse n’uwabimuzaniraga, ibyo bikaba bihuza n’ubuhamya bumushinja bwatanzwe n’umugore we wemeza ko yamusabye kubireka akamunanira ndetse bikamuviramo kumuhoza ku nkeke . Busaba urukiko gushingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rwaciwe kuwa 18/7/2008 aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko umucamanza ariwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’urukiko akayihindura. Ubushijacyaha busaba kandi ko ushinjwa yahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kabone n’ubwo nta muguzi bamusanganye nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, umurongo ugira uti:“Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acuririza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge”1. Busaba ko hahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 53 y’Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko Urwego rufite ububasha arirwo rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa imvugo y’ushinjwa yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza ariko akayivuguruza mu Rukiko cyakemuwe mu rubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008 ndetse no mu zindi manza zitandukanye2, aho rwemeje ko umucamanza ariwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’urukiko akayihindura. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RP 00486/2020/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwahamije Nshongore Ndimukaga icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kubicuruza rushingiye ku mvugo ye yemera icyaha yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja harimo murumuna we n’umugore

1 Nº RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/06/2022 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na AHIMPEREYE NDEZE François 2 Reba imanza: RPA 0229/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/09/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRAHABIMANA Espérance; RPA 0243/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/07/1013 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HABYARIMANA Jean Venant ; RPAA 0109/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NTIBITONDERWA Juvénal.

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we no ku nyandikomvugo y’urumogi rwafatiwe iwe. Ibi ni nabyo bimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ubujurire bwe, rusanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha kuwa 11/6/2020, Nshongore Ndimukaga yemeye ko ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe iwe ku wa 25/5/2020 byari ibye, ko yari abizaniwe na Gahanda bakorana ubucuruzi bw’urumogi, ko yari amaze amezi 6 atunda akanacuruza urumogi, ko muri ayo mezi atandatu yacuruje urungana n’ibiro makumyabiri na birindwi ( 27 kg) aruranguza uwitwa Léonard w’I Rwamagana waje gufatwa akaba afunze. Akomeza avuga ko yari yararetse gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kubera inama yagiriwe n’umugore we Yadamu Dancille. [18] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko Yadamu Dancille, umugore wa Nshongore Ndimukaga, yabajijwe n’Ubugenzacyaha ku wa 28/5/2020, akemeza ko Nshongore Ndimukaga yageze mu rugo ku wa 25/05/2020 saa tanu z’ijoro (23hoo), amukinguriye abanza gutinda hanze, nyuma yinjiza ibintu atamenye ibyo aribyo, habaye mu rukerera abapolisi baza gusaka basanga mu rugo rwabo urumogi rungana n’ikilo 1 n’udupfunyika 74, naho Nshongore arabacika aciye mu wundi muryango. Yakomeje avuga ko uyu yari yarataye urugo kubera ko yashakishwaga kuko yari yaramutanzeho amakuru ko acuruza urumogi ndetse byaramuviriyemo amakimbirane kuko yahoraga avuga ko azamwica kubera ko yamutanzeho amakuru yo gucuruza urumogi. [19] Urukiko rusanga ibyo Nshongore yireguza avuga ko imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha atemeye ko urumogi rwasanzwe iwe ari urwe ahubwo ko yatanze amakuru ko yarunywaga akaba yari yararuretse nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yemera icyaha zanditse ku buryo busobanutse ndetse ubwe akaba yarasobanuye ku buryo bwimbitse uburyo acuruza urumogi, aho aruvana n’abo arucuruzaho, igihe yari amaze arucuruza n’ingano y’urwo amaze gucuruza, ubwe akaba yarashyize umukono kuri iyi nyandiko y’ibazwa. [20] Nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza zarondowe haruguru, rurasanga imvugo Nshongore Ndimukaga yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha zifite ireme bityo zikaba zidashobora guteshwa agaciro n’imvugo yavugiye mu Rukiko ahakana icyaha. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Nshongore Ndimukaga atarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi bitagize ikimenyetso kimushinjura kuko Yadamu Dancille yasobanuye uburyo yacitse abapolisi baje gusaka mu rugo rwe kandi aho afatiwe akaba yarasobanuye bihagije uburyo urumogi rwafatiriwe ari urwe. [22] Urukiko rurasanga inkiko zombi zibanza nta kosa zakoze ryo guhamya Nshongore Ndimukaga icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko zashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika kandi byuzuzanya bigizwe n’imvugo y’ushinjwa n’iy’abatangabuhamya barimo n’umugore we ndetse n’ikimenyetso cy’ibiyobyabwenge byafatiriwe mu rugo rwe, bityo ingingo ye y’ubujurire irebano no kuba yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje ikaba nta shingiro ifite. Ku birebana n’igihano [23] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe

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n’icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [24] Ingingo ya 2 y’ itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 . (…) naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri 1/4 cyayo“. [25] Mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, uru Rukiko rwatanze umurongo ko, ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. [26] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga, igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000frw) Nshongore yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe ( udupfunyika 567 tw’urumogi ) ndetse no kuba harabayeho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryaratanze amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano uregwa ku buryo buruseho mu gihe umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo iki gihano kikaba kigomba kugabanywa no guhuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa. [27] Mu kumenya igihano Nshongore Ndimukaga yahanishwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hari izindi manza ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo Nshongore Ndimukaga yahamijwe, harimo urubanza RPAA 00157/2023 rwaciwe kuwa 29/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Businge Betty. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 20.500.000 Frw yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo gufatanywa no gucuruza ibiyobyawenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi (udupfunyika 510) gisimbujwe igihano cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu ( 5.000.000). [28] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge Nshongore Ndimukaga ashinjwa ( udupfunyika 567 tw’urumogi3) ijya kungana n’ivugwa mu rubanza rwaciriwe Businge Betty wahamijwe udupfunyika 510 tw’urumogi, kuri Nshongore hagomba kuzirikanwa n’ikigero cy’ubukure bwe kuko yakoze icyaha ari umugabo w’imyaka 56 , ikigero yagombye kuba atanga inama ndetse akabera abandi urugero rwiza ibyo akaba yarabisimbuje gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bityo igihano cye kikaba kigomba kwisumburaho, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18 ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00398/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 13/07/2023, ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano.

3 Ikilo 1 n’udupfunyika 74 by’urumogi nibyo bijya kungana n’udupfunyika 567.

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[30] Rwemeje ko Nshongore Ndimukaga ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [31] Rutegetse ko Nshongore Ndimukaga asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.