UBUSHINJACYAHA v NTAWIHEBA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NTAWIHEBA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00494/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NTAWIHEBA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00494/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.) 25 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo kwica – Umugambi wo kwica - Umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe mu gukubita, ni ukuvuga intwaro ishobora kwica, no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano - Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 11/06/2019, Ufiteyezu, ubwo yatahaga yasanze yategewe ku rugo rwe n’abantu barimo Ntawiheba baramukubita baranamutemagura ndetse bamutema no mu mutwe ariko aza gutabaza abaturanyi baraza baramutabara, abamukubitaga bariruka. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwaje gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bukurikirana Ntawiheba ku cyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga ubwo yari mu itsinda ry’abantu 12 bafatanwe ibyo biyobyabwenge babikuye muri Uganda. Urukiko rwemeje ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho n’icyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Uregwa ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Ntawiheba ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye ubumuga budahoraho ndetse n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga, aho kuba kubifatanwa ariko rugumishaho ibihano yahawe. Ntawiheba na none ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu guhamya Ntawiheba icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ntawiheba asobanura ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho ndetse n’icyaha cyo gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo kubitunda. Akomeza avuga ko atigeze ashaka kwica Ufiteyezu kuko iyo abishaka ntacyari kubimubuza ko ahubwo icyabaye ari ukumukubita. Yongeraho kandi ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byari iby’uwamukoreshaga bityo ko adakwiye gushinjwa kubitunda ahubwo ko yashinjwa kuba yarabifatanwe. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko Ufiteyezu yatemwe azizwa ko yatangaga amakuru, atemwa mu mutwe hagamijwe kumwica aza gutabarwa n’abaturanyi. Naho ku bijyanye no gutunda ibiyobwenge, ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa yabivanaga Uganda akabyinjiza mu Rwanda, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko yabitundaga.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe mu gukubita, ni ukuvuga intwaro ishobora kwica, no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). 2. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire bwatanzwe nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 21; Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0110/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na UWAMURENGEYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014; Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashijwe: Likulia Bolongo, Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois, Paris, LGDJ, T1, 1985, p.52. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/06/2019, Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco alias Muriro yatashye n’ijoro avuye mu kabari, ageze hafi y’urugo rwe, ahasanga abantu bahamutegeye baramukubita, baramutemagura bakoresheje umuhoro bamukomeretsa mu mutwe, ku munwa no mu ntege ku kuguru kw’iburyo, avugije induru, atabarwa n’abaturage, bituma abandi biruka barahunga. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranyeho Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bahimba Afande Gaturi icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga ubwo yari mu gikundi cy’abantu 12 bafatanwe ibyo biyobyabwenge babikuye muri Uganda. Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gutunda inzoga ya Zebra na kanyanga ndetse ko yabifatanwe, ariko akavuga ko yahamwa n’ikindi cyaha kitari ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kubera ko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco alias Muriro yaguye ku icupa riramukomeretsa, no kuba bagenzi be baravuze ko bamwica arabyanga. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwaregewe rushingiye ku mvugo za Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco ushinja Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu kuba ari mu bamukubise bakamutemagura nk’uko zashimangiwe n’imvugo z’abatangabumya bamushinja gukubita no gukomeretsa Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco, ndetse no ku mvugo za Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu wemeye ko yari mubamukomerekeje, no kuba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yemera ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa

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Kanyanga nk’uko binagaragazwa n’inyandiko yiyandikiye asobanura uko yafatanwe ibyo biyobyabwenge ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ryabyo nk’uko byanashimangiwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja gutunda ibyo biyobyabwenge, rwaciye urubanza Nº RP 00980/2019/TGI/NYG ku wa 28/02/2021, rwemeza ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho n’icyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, rusobanura ko atahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza icyatesheje Ntawiheba umugambi wo kumwica nkuko amategeko abiteganya. [4] Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cy’amezi umunani (8) ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa undi ku bushake, aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa undi bikamutera ubumuga budahoraho, akanahanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka umwe (1) gisubitswe ku cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge yemera akanasabira imbabazi. Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 ku cyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kuko yakubise Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco umuhoro (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu mutwe (mu cyico). [5] Urukiko Rukuru rwasesengura ibimenyetso byashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere, ruca urubanza RPA 00720/2022/HC/RWG ku wa 07/11/2023, rwemeza ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye ubumuga budahoraho, kubera ko abatangabuhamya bamushinja kuba yarakubise Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco umuhoro mu mutwe bashaka kumwica bamuziza ko atanga amakuru ko bavana kanyanga muri Uganda bakayinjiza mu Rwanda, ariko ko yavugije induru bakiruka kuko abantu baje kumutabara, runemeza ko anahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga, aho kuba kubifatanwa, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe kigumyeho kuko Ubushinjacyaha butajuriye. [6] Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa Nº RPAA 00494/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/09/2024, Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bahimba Afande Gaturi, yunganiwe na Me NTAHOMVUKIYE Edouard, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na BUNYOYE Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bahimba Afande Gaturi, avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko ko atagabanyirijwe ibihano. Naho mu miburanire ye no mu mwanzuro w’inyongera yatangiwe n’umwunganira, bavuga ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha cyo gukubita no kugomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho, aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi yahamijwe, ndetse n`icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, aho kuba icyaha cyo kubitunda yahamijwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko atemera ibyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kandi ko atavuguruje ibimenyetso byashingiwe ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru.

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[8] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza, ari ibyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga [9] Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira bavuga ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho, aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi yahamijwe, ndetse ko anemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, aho kuba icyaha cyo kubitunda yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [10] Basobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kuko ntacyamubujije kwica Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco, ko ahubwo yakoze icyaha cyo gukubita no kugomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho yemera akanasabira imbabazi mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kubera ko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yatashye mu rugo rwe agarukana umuhoro yashatse kubatemesha, awutemesha NKERABIGWI Innocent, naho Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu awutemesha Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yitabara bitewe n’umujinya w’umuranduranzuzi yari afite, ariko ko nyuma y’aho, Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yabategeye bombi moto yabajyanye kwivuza kwa muganga, uretse ko hari icyuho muri dosiye y’Ubushinjacyaha kuko itagaragaza uwazanye uwo muhoro n’uburyo abakomeretse bageze kwa muganga. [11] Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga kuko yayitundiraga umukoresha (Boss) we wayimutumaga muri Uganda kuko atari bwo bwa mbere yari ayinjije mu Rwanda, usibye ko atayicuruzaga kuko atagiraga ububiko (dépôt) bwayo, ko ahubwo yakoze icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibyo biyobyabwenge yemera akanasabira imbabazi. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kubera ko we na bagenzi be batemye Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco mu mutwe (mu cyico) bakoresheje umuhoro, uretse ko ari ubwa mbere Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira baburanishije ibijyanye n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kuko mbere hose bavugaga ko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yakomerekejwe n’umuhoro yaguyeho, nyamara nta bimenyetso babitangira. Avuga kandi ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu atitabaraga kuko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yatemwe n’abantu benshi bamuzizaga ko atanga amakuru ku Buyobozi bwa Police bigatuma kanyanga yabo ifatwa. [13] Avuga na none ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu icyaha icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga kuko yayivanaga muri Uganda akayinjiza mu Rwanda kabone n’ubwo yayitundiraga indi muntu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[14] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no kumenya niba uregwa yari afite umugambi wo kwica cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UWAMURENGEYE, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu gukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Uwo murongo ninawo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00150/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NKUNDABERA Jean de Dieu (igika cya 17). [15] Hari na none umuhanga mu mategeko witwa Likulia Bolongo, mu gitabo cye yise “Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois“, wasobanuye ko ubushake bwo kwica bushobora kugaragazwa n’intwaro yakoreshejwe, no ku gice cy’umubiri cyibasiwe nko mu mutwe (mu cyico), no mu mutima1. [16] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu bika bya 21-25, by’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande Gaturi icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bikurikira:  Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco bita Muriro, wakorewe icyaha, yemeza ko ubwo yari atashye ageze hafi y’urugo (ku irembo), Nkerabigwi Innocent na Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Muriro bamuturutse imbere bamubwira guhagarara bakamwica, naho Habimana Jean Damascène na Iyatweretse bita Kinubi bamuturuka inyuma, yiruka agana mu rugo, maze Habimana Jean Damascène amutema mu ntege agwa hasi yubamye, naho Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Muriro na Nkerabigwi Innocent bamutema mu mutwe, ndetse ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu nawe yemera ko yari mu bamukomerekeje n’ubwo avuga ko yakomerekejwe n’icupa, naho Iyatweretse bita Kinubi amutema mu rubavu anamukubita inkoni mu mugongo no mu musaya, bumvise abantu batabaye bahita biruka.  Kuba abatangabuhamya barimo Murinzi Emile, Ndicunguye Youssuf na Mukabakesha Donatile bemeza ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande ari mu bateze Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco bita Muriro bakamukubita bakanamutemagura bakoresheje umuhoro (wafatiriwe) mu mutwe, mu ntege, mu rubavu, ku gikanu no ku mazuru, bamuziza ko atanga amakuru yuko bavana ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga mu gihugu cya Uganda bakabyinjiza mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda.  Kuba raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 02/07/2019 igaragaza na none ko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco bita Muriro afite ibikomere mu mutwe ku gice gitwikira ubwonko (plaies tramatique (saturées) au niveau du cuir chevelu), igikomere hejuru y’umunwa n’igikomere mu ntege ku kuguru kw’iburyo (plaie au niveau du creu poplité de la jambe droite).  Hari na none Mukabakesha Donatile, Umuyobozi w'Umudugdu wa Gakirage nawe wemeje ko Nkerabigwi watorokeye kwa muganga, ubwo yivuzaga aho yari

1 « L’intention homicide peut résulter, soit de l’arme employée (…) telle qu’une arme à feu, comme un revolver (…), une flèche, un gros morceau de bois, un couteau pointu, une machette, soit de l’endroit où le coup a été porté, par exemple l’abdomen, la tête, la poitrine, le poumon, le cœur, soit du degré de la violence ou de sa gravité, soit en fin de l’état physique de la victime…… », par Likulia Bolongo, Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois, Paris, LGDJ, T1, 1985, p.52.

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yatemwe na Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yitabara, yamubwiye ko bateme Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco bafatanyije na Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande Gaturi yari mu gatsiko kateze Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco atashye mu rugo rwe, kakamukubita, kakanamutemesha umuhoro (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu mutwe (mu cyico) k‘umunwa no ku kuguru nk’uko abyiyemerera uretse ko adasobanura aho yamutemye agamije guhunga icyaha, mu gihe Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco amushinja ko yamutemye mu mutwe nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya muganga bikanashimangirwa n’abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru barimo na Nkerabigwi watorotse amaze gusobanura ko bafatanyije gutema Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco nk’uko byemejwe na Mukabakesha Donatile, ariko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco akaba atarapfuye bitewe nuko yatabaje abaturage bakamutabara bigatuma Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu na bagenzi be bashakaga kumwica biruka bagahunga, bigaragaza ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande Gaturi yakoze icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, aho kuba icyaha cyo gukubita no kugomeretsa ku bushake byateye ubumuga budahoraho nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu by’uko yatemesheje Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco umuhoro yitabara bitewe n’uko uyu yamukomerekeje akoresheje umuhoro yari avanye mu rugo rwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa, bigaragara ahubwo ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu n’agatsiko yari ayoboye bari bagambiriye kumwica bamuziza ko atanga amakuru yuko bavana ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga mu gihugu cya Uganda bakabyinjiza mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda, uretse ko batageze kuri uwo mugambi mubisha wabo bitewe n’uko Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco yavugije induru atabarwa n’abaturage bituma abamutemaga n‘abamukubitaga biruka barahunga, ku bw’amahirwe ntiyapfa. [19] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yarakoze icyaha cyo gufatanwa cyangwa gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, ingingo ya 11, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: “Umuntu wese ufatanwa, urya, unywa, witera, uhumeka cyangwa wisiga mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aba akoze icyaha”. Na none igika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo kigateganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha”. [20] Naho igisobanuro cy’amagambo cyangwa gutunda ibiyobyabwenge cyatanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciye n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin, aho hatanzwe umurongo w’uko amagambo arebana no gufatanwa (avugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 263), gukora, guhinga, guhindura, gutunda, kubika (avugwa mu gika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo) agomba kumvikana hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yarafatanwe, yakoze, yahinze, yahinduye, yatunze, yabitse maze byagaragara ko kuri buri gikorwa muri ibyo ikigamijwe ari ukubikoresha ku giti cye (simple drug possession) uregwa agahabwa ibihano bito ariko byagaragara ko ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari nini bikaba byashingirwaho hemezwa ko atari ibyo gukoresha ku giti cye ahubwo ikigamijwe ari ugucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution) ibiyobyabwenge uregwa agahabwa igihano kiremereye. Uwo

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murongo ninawo washingiweho mu zindi manza nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00392/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Musanganyimpuhwe Félicien (igika cya 16). [21] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 20 by’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande Gaturi icyaha cyo gutunda hashingiwe ku kuba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yemera ko yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga yari akuye i Bugande akabyinjiza mu Gihugu, kandi ko iyo Kanyaga yafatiriwe nk’uko bigaragazwa n‘inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ryayo na zebra bateshejwe yashyizeho umukono, ndetse ko mu nyandiko ye yo ku wa 30/06/2019 asobanura inzira banyuzagamo ibiyobyabwenge n’abo bafatanyaga. Hari kandi Bizimungu Sovirini wemeje ko ari Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu wayoboraga itsinda rivana ibyo biyobyabwenge muri Uganda bakayizana mu Rwanda, nk’uko byanashimangiwe na Hageragezimana Gasore wafashwe na Polisi yikoreye kanyanga. Imbere y’uru Rukiko, Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yemeye ko atari ubwa mbere yari yinjije kanyaga mu Rwanda ayivanye muri Uganda. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga, kuba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yari asanzwe avana ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga muri Uganda akabyinjiza mu Rwanda, ndetse ko ari nawe wayoboraga iryo tsinda nk’uko yabyiyemereye imbere y’uru Rukiko bikanashimangirwa n’abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko yakoze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga, aho kuba kubifatanwa nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. 2. Kumenya niba Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yagabanyirizwa ibihano [23] Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga, yagabanyirizwa ibihano rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 5 isubitswe. [24] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko atemeye mu buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 21, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “Ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cy’ubugome cyangwa icyaha gikomeye buhanishwa kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’igihano giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha. Ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ubwinjiracyaha buhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kingana n’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25)”. [26] Naho ingingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6

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kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [27] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu biyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 3º igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka irindwi (7) ariko kitarenze imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atageze kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje”. [28] Ikibazo cy’uko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano mu bujurire, iyo yabigabanyijwe bihagije mu nkiko zibanza cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana, aho rwasobanuye ko “Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.Uwo murongo ninawo washingiweho mu zindi manza nk’urubanza Nº Urubanza Nº RPAA 00579/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Habumugisha Alphonse (igika cya 14). [29] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu bika bya 33 na 34 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yari akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ku bwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, n‘igifungo mpuzandengo cy’imyaka 8 n’amezi 6 n’ihazabu ya 7.500.000 Frw ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyangenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga, byose hamwe bikaba igifungo cy’imyaka 33 n’amezi 6 n’ihazabu ya 7.500.000 Frw, ariko igifungo kikagarurwa ku myaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 7.500.000 Frw, nyamara akaba yarahawe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw ku rwegp rwa mbere, bityo ko icyo gihano yahawe kidakwiye kugabanywa kuko Ubushinjacyaha butajuriye no kuba kiri mu rugero, harebwe uburemere bw’ibyaha yakoze birimo gushaka kuvutsa ubuzima Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco amuziza kuba ahora amutangaho amakuru ko ajya kuvana ibiyobyabwenge muri Uganda akabyinjiza mu gihugu. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yabigabanyirijwe bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, kandi yarashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 harebwe uburemere by’ibyaha yakoze byo gushaka kwica Ufiteyezu Jean Bosco ubwo uregwa yari ayoboye agatsiko k’abantu 12 kamubise kakanamutemagura gakosheje umuhoro, ariko ku bw’amahirwe ntiyapfa bidaturutse ku bwende bwabo, no kuba yari umuyobozi w’agatsiko kari gasanzwe gatunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa Kanyanga kakabyinjiza mu Rwanda kabivanye muri Uganda. [31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu atahabwa isubika gihano asaba kuko ahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka 5 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº

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059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwakoze mu kutongera kugabanyiriza Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu igihano, bivuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubana rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bahimba Afande Gaturi nta shingiro bufite; [34] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RPA 00720/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 07/11/2023, idahindutse, ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe n’urwo Rukiko bigumyeho; [35] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

2 Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: (1) « Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5.