UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-31 - Case/document no.: RPAA00446/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00446/2024/CA (Gakwaya, J. P.) 31 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurie – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyandwi yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi maze akorwaho iperereza, rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, bumusabira guhamwa n’icyo cyaha agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu. Nyandwi yaburanye ahakana icyo cyaha, ko urwo rumogi yafatanywe rwari urw’umuntu yarahetse ku igari abonye bafashwe ahita yiruka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga makumyabiri n’imwe. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, aho yatanze umwanzuro wa kabiri yemera ko urumogi yafatanywe ari urwe kandi yafashwe agiye kurucuruza, ariko ntiwakirwa kuko yawutanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ndetse ingingo ziwurimo zikaba zitarigeze zigibwaho impaka mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko yaburanaga avuga ko nta rumogi yafatanywe, ndetse ko ntarwo acuruza. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nko kuba Uregwa ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyo cyaha ashinjwa, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe mbere y’uko urubanza rwe rucibwa, agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu. Uregwa yongeye ajurira muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamukatiye igihano kirekire nyamara yemera icyaha ashinjwa ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko yafatanywe urumogi, ariko ntirwabishingiyeho nk’impamvu yari gutuma agabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko, ubu bujurire bwa kabiri bw’Uregwa butagomba guhabwa ishingiro, ngo kuko nk’uko amategeko abiteganya ujurira agomba kugaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza rujuririrwa kugirango bikosorwe mu bujurire; kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarahaye agaciro impamvu z’ubujurire bw’Uregwa ni uko ukwemera icyaha kwe yabikoze mu bujurire ndetse ubwo bujurire abutanga impitagihe (ibihe by’ubujurire byararenze). Mu miburanire ye Uregwa yavuze ko aretse ibijyanye no kunenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba rutarakiriye ukwemera icyaha kwe bwa mbere mu bujurire, ahubwo asaba uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yakatiwe kuko ari kirekire kandi akaba atarakishimiye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00299/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Alphonse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/6/2024. RPAA00276/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndaribitse Eric rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024. RPAA00261/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Beruyendora Patrice, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/1/2024. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 4/11/2019 saa mbiri n’igice z’ijoro (20h30), Nyandwi Shabani yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi bingana n’irobo (¼ kg), aruvanye mu Murenge wa Shyara mu Karere ka Bugesera, arujyanye kurucuruza mu Murenge wa Mareba muri ako Karere. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nyandwi Shabani mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). [3] Nyandwi Shabani yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, avuga ko urwo yafatanywe rwari urw’umuntu yari ahetse ku igare, abonye bafashwe ahita yiruka. [4] Mu rubanza RP01614/2019/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 18/10/2020, rushingiye ku kuba n’ubwo Nyandwi Shabani ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, ariko akaba adahakana ko hari urwo yafatanywe nyuma y’uko hatanzwe amakuru y’uko arukura Shyara, akajya kurucuruza mu Murenge wa Mareba, akaba yarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo irufatira, ndetse hari n’abatangabuhamya bamushinja hamwe na raporo y’Ubuyobozi ibisobanura, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [5] Nyandwi Shabani yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kuko rwamuhamije icyaha rwirengagije ibisobanuro bye n’ibimenyetso yatanze, aho yagaragaje ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutari urwe, ahubwo rwari urw’umuntu yari yahaye “lift” ku igare, ko kandi abonye abayobozi we atigeze yiruka, ahubwo hirutse uwo yari ahetse ari nawe nyiri urumogi, asaba kugirwa umwere. Nyuma yongeye gutanga undi mwanzuro avuga ko nyuma yo gutekereza ku bubi bw’icyaha yakoze no kwicuza yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura imiburanire y’urubanza rwe, akaburana yemera icyaha kandi agisabira n’imbabazi, asaba Urukiko Rukuru ko rwabishyingiraho rukamugabanyiriza igihano.

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA0136/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 22/5/2024, rwemeje ko impamvu Nyandwi Shabani yatanze mu mwanzuro wa kabiri yemera ko urumogi yafatanywe ari urwe kandi yafashwe agiye kurucuruza, itagomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira, kandi ikaba idasobanura cyangwa ngo yuzuze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe, ko ahubwo ari indi ngingo azanye itaragiweho impaka mu rubanza rujuririrwa aho yaburanaga avuga ko nta rumogi yafatanywe, ndetse ko atanarucuruza. Rwemeje kandi ko imiburanire ye yo guhakana icyaha cy’uko nta rumogi yafatanywe, nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kuko atabashije kuvuguruza ibyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha, ko ariko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko, hanashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe mbere y’uko urubanza rwe rucibwa, agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [7] Ku wa 10/6/2024, Nyandwi Shabani yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) yakatiwe ari kirekire, kandi yemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko yafatanywe urumogi, ariko Urukiko rukaba rutarabihaye agaciro ngo nabyo bishingirweho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. Avuga kandi ko uretse n’ibyo, harebwe ibikorwa aregwa, anenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba rwaramuhaye igihano kirekire. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bushingiye ku ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ujurira agaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra kugira ngo niba bifite ishingiro bizakosorwe mu bujurire, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarahaye agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe ari uko byakozwe mu bujurire kandi bigakorwa igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, kandi ibyo bikaba ari nko gusaba Urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma ikibazo gishya kandi bitari mu nshingano zarwo. [9] Urubanza rwahawe RPAA00446/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 10/1/2025, Nyandwi Shabani yunganiwe na Me Ruganza Bin Seba, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Muri iryo buranisha, Nyandwi Shabani n’umwunganira bavuze ko aretse ibijyanye no kunenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba rutarakiriye ukwemera icyaha kwe bwa mbere mu bujurire, kuko yemeranya n’urwo Rukiko ko atari abyemerewe, ko rero nta nenge babona mu rubanza, ahubwo icyo asaba gusa Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ari ukongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yakatiwe kuko ari kirekire, akaba atarakishimiye. [11] Harebwe imiburanire y’impande zombi yo ku wa 10/1/2025, ikibazo kizasuzumwa muri uru rubanza, ni ukumenya niba Nyandwi Shabani yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nyandwi Shabani yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [12] Nyandwi Shabani na Me Ruganza Bin Seba umwunganira avuga ko nta nenge babona mu rubanza yajuririye uretse gusa kuba basaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) yahawe kuko ari kirekire akaba atakishimiye, ko hashingirwa ku Itegeko rishya ryasohotse mbere y’uko urubanza rwe rucibwa burundu, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nyandwi Shabani yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, ko kuba ubu asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa, nta yindi mpamvu atanga ifatika kandi ku rwego rwa mbere yari yarakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akakigabanyirizwa, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16), bihagije, kuko ari igihano gitoya cyane ugereranije

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n’icyo yari yahawe kandi yaranaburanaga ahakana icyaha, bugasaba ko hakwemezwa ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza ajuririra. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nyandwi Shabani yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [15] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be1, iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri Mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [16] Nk’uko kandi byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA00261/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/1/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Beruyendora Patrice wari ufite imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu y’amavuko (25) wafatanywe udupfunyika mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59) tw’urumogi, urubanza RPAA00299/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/6/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Alphonse wari ufite imyaka makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko wafatanywe irobo (1/4kg) ry’umugogi n’urubanza RPAA00276/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/3/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndaribitse Eric wari ufite imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) wafatanywe udupfunyika makumyabiri na dutandatu (26) tw’urumogi, bose bahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [17] Mu gace ka cumi na gatanu (15) kugeza ku ka cumi n’icyenda (19) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ko ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nyandwi Shabani akoze icyaha, runashingiye ku kuba mu gihe urubanza rwe rwari rutaracibwa, harasohotse Itegeko Nº 059/20232 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw), Nyandwi Shabani yari yahanishijwe gikwiye kugabanywa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), kugira ngo asobanukirwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ariko anahabwe amahirwe yo kwikosora no kuba yagira akamaro mu buzima busanzwe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubusabe bwa Nyandwi Shabani bwo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari kirekire, nta gaciro bukwiye guhabwa kuko uretse no kuba atagaragaza amakosa mu gukoresha amategeko cyangwa ubushishozi byaba byarakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra, uru Rukiko rwaheraho ruhindura igihano yahanishijwe, hanarebwe ibyemejwe mu manza zagaragajwe haruguru, igihano yakatiwe gikwiranye n’imiterere y’ibyo aregwa kuko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) y’amavuko kandi akaba yarafatanywe urumogi rungana n’irobo (¼ kg), ndetse akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha.

1 Reba urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be, mu gika cya 252 na 254. 2 Mu ngingo yaryo ya kabiri (2) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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[19] Kubera ibisobanuro byose bitanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Shabani bushingiye ku gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, nta shingiro bufite, igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kikaba kigomba kugumaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nyandwi Shabani nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza RPA00136/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 24/5/2024. [22] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) bigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.