UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RENZAHO Et.Al.

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RENZAHO Et.Al.

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-26 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00322-00323/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RENZAHO Et.Al. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00322-00323/2022/CA (Gakwaya P.J.) 26 Mata 2023] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho – Amagambo ‘’itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed). Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Kutubahiriza ibiteganywa n’amategeko ntibiri mu mpamvu zatuma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa, bukaburanishwa mu mizi, ntibinafatwa kandi nko gushingira ku itegeko ritariho, ahubwo ni amakosa yakosorwa binyuze mu zindi nzira ziteganwa n’Itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku rwego rwa mbere uru rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye abaregwa ku byaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, ubuhemu, guhisha ibimenyetso no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi cyangwa cyatanzweho ingwate nyuma yuko sosiyete yitwa Haipu Ressources Ltd ihaye inguzanyo sosiyete FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd inguzanyo ya 600.000 Usd, nayo iyiha ingwate y’imigabane n’ibikoresho byayo. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nyuma yaho FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd yasabye inguzanyo muri banki, irongera itangaho ingwate ibikoresho yari yaratanzeho ingwate muri Haipu Ressources Ltd. Buvuga kandi ko mu rwego rwo gushaka gusohora amafaranga muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd kugirango bahombye Haipu Ressources Ltd, abaregwa bahimbye amasezerano agaragaza ko FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd iguze na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd imodoka z’imashini 3 kandi ntabyabaye. Uretse uwitwa Mukamusoni, abandi baregwa Urukiko rwabahamije ibyaha runabagenera ibihano. Renzaho na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko abarujuririye badahamwa n’ibyaha. Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ntibishimiye urwo rubanza, bajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bazamuye inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd bavuga ko mu manza nshinjabyaha igihano cy’igifungo cyagenwe ari cyo cyonyine gishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha ku rwego rwa kabiri imanza zagenwemo igihano cy’igifungo kingana nibura n’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ubujurire bwabwo bushingira ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°), y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho kuko rwanzuye ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rukagira abere n’abo rutaburanishije. FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd yo yaburanye ku nzitizi yatanzwe, ivuga ko ubujurire bwayo bushingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°) y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ako gace kakaba karebana n’imanza zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwarenze imbibi z’icyajuriwe.

## Page 2

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amagambo ‘’itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed), ishingiro ry’ububasha bw’Urukiko rigomba kureberwa mu ikoresha mu rubanza rujuririrwa ry’Itegeko ryavanweho, ritaratangira gikoreshwa cyangwa ritarabaho. 2. Kutubahiriza ibiteganywa n’amategeko ntibiri mu mpamvu zatuma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa, bukaburanishwa mu mizi, ntibinafatwa kandi nko gushingira ku itegeko ritariho, ahubwo ni amakosa yakosorwa binyuze mu zindi nzira ziteganwa n’Itegeko. Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ishinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 188, igika cya mbere. Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°). Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 10 n’iya 155. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0021/2016/CS-RPAA 0002/2016/CS, Muhirwa n’undi vs. Nzeyimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/3/2023. RCOMAA 00109/2022/CA, UJM CONSULTANCY AND PARTNERS Ltd vs. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/5/2017. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Jiang Haifeng, Jiang Haisheng, Renzaho Alexis, Mukamusoni Berthe na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Gao-Li ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, ubuhemu, guhisha ibimenyetso no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi cyangwa cyatanzweho ingwate, busobanura ko ku wa 3/1/2019 bari mu Bushinwa, Fuxin Mine Development Company Ltd na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ikorera ahitwa Kayenzi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ihagarariwe na Jiang Haisheng, zagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo na Company yitwa Haipu Ressources Ltd yo muri Hong Kong y’uwitwa Chen Yanhong, ihagarariwe na Wu Wujue, iyi Haipu iha FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd inguzanyo ya 600.000 Usd, FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd itanga ingwate y’imigabane ya 80%, hamwe n’ibikoresho byose bikaba ibya Chen Yanhong, kandi imigabane 20% ya FX Tugirane Ubumwe

## Page 3

Mining Co Ltd isigaye, ihita igurwa na Haipu Ressources Ltd ku mafaranga miliyoni 116.000.000 Frw, noneho imigabane yose ihita iba iya Chen Yanhong, bemeranya ko ariko ubuyobozi bwa FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd buguma mu maboko y’abari basanzwe bayiyobora. (Gage-nantissement) [2] Bwakomeje busobanura ko bageze mu Rwanda ku wa 22/3/2019, FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd yasabye inguzanyo muri Bank Of Africa ingana na mafaranga miliyoni 220.000.000 Frw, irongera itangaho ingwate ibikoresho yari yaratanzeho ingwate muri Haipu Ressources Ltd. Na none ku wa 30/1/2019, Renzaho Alexis, Operation manager akaba n’umusemuzi muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd, Jiang Haisheng (Chair Person wayo), Mukamusoni Berthe (Managing Director wayo), bafatanyije na Jiang Haifeng, uhagarariye Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd, agamije gufasha umuvandimwe we Jiang Haisheng kwikubira amafaranga yatanzwe na Haipu Resources Ltd, bahimba amasezerano yanditswe mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda na Renzaho Alexis, agaragaza ko FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd iguze na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd imodoka z’imashini eshatu, ku madorali y’Amerika ibihumbi magana abiri mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu (243.300 Usd) kandi ntabyabaye kuko izo modoka z’imashini, Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd yari yaramaze kuzitangaho ingwate muri Bank, ibyo bakaba barabikoze mu rwego rwo gushaka gusohora amafaranga muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ngo bahombye Haipu Resources Ltd na Chen Yanhong nyiri imigabanye muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd, bamubeshya ko ayo mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo kuzahura ibikorwa bya company. [3] Buvuga kandi ko ku wa 2/7/2019 mu kunoza umugambi wabo, Jiang Haisheng n’umuvandimwe we Jiang Haifeng bahimbye iseswa ry’ayo masezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka z’imashini, yiswe (cancellation) banayashyiraho umukono, ko ndetse ubwo byamenyekanaga bitangiye gukurikiranwa, abo bombi bahise batoroka, babifashijwemo na Renzaho Alexis wanabafashije kurigisa inyandiko y’umwimerere y’ayo masezerano y’amahimbano yo ku wa 30/1/2019, kuko bamaze kugenda aribwo yagaragaje photocopie yayo, ariko ajyanywe muri Rwanda Forensic Laboratory ivuga ko ayo masezerano badashobora kuyapima kuko ari kopi yakozwe na scanner, kandi bo bakaba bapima umwimerere (original). [4] Muri urwo rubanza FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Nzirabatinyi Fidèle yatanze ikirego cy’indishyi, isaba Urukiko gutegeka Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng, Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd gusubiza amadorari y’amerika ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na bitatu magana atatu (243.300 Usd) basohoye babeshya ko baguze imodoka z’imashini, inyungu zayo zingana na 18% mu gihe cy’umwaka n’amezi icyenda angana na 76.639 Usd, indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 20.000.000 Frw, igihembo cya Avoka, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igarama 5.000.000 Frw. [5] Renzaho Alexis yaburanye ahakana ibyaha byose, asobanura ko amasezerano yo ku wa 30/1/2019 yakozwe hagati ya FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd, we ayashyikirizwa ku wa 1/6/2019 kugira ngo ayasikane (Scanner) ayoherereze Chen Xi uhagarariye Chen Yanhong, ko kandi umuntu usinyira company agomba kuba ari chairperson cyangwa Managing Director cyangwa undi waba wabiherewe ububasha nyamara we akaba atari umwe muri abo.

## Page 4

[6] Mukamusoni Berthe yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa cy'inyandiko mpimbano, asobanura ko amasezerano avugwa, yakozwe atari mu kazi, ko yahamagawe na mugenzi we RENZAHO Alexis, amumenyesha ko boss agiye kugura imodoka z’imashini, ko ariko we nta makuru yari asanzwe abifiteho kandi ko ntaho ahurira n’amafaranga. [7] Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng na Paragone Mining Industry Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Gao- Li, ntabwo bireguye kuko baburanishijwe badahari, mu iperereza barahamagawe ntibitaba, dosiye ikorwa batabajijwe ishyikirizwa Urukiko baregwa nk’abatorotse ubutabera, mu Rukiko hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (email) bahamagarwa kuri adresse zabo nabwo ntibitaba, kubera ko baregwa hamwe na bagenzi babo kandi kuba baratorotse bitaba impamvu yo gutinza ikurikiranwa ry’abo baregwa hamwe, hafatwa icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 167 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko nta na rimwe ikurikiranwa ry’uregwa waratorotse cyangwa yarihishe ubutabera rihagarika cyangwa ritinza ikurikiranwa ry’abo baregwa hamwe bahari. [8] Mu rubanza no RP 01142/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/3/2021, rwemeje ko Mukamusoni Berthe adahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, ko Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng, Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Investment Co Ltd bahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhimba, guhindura inyandiko cyangwa gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, ko Jiang Haisheng na Renzaho Alexis bahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhisha ibimenyetso n’icyaha cyo gutangaho ingwate ikintu cy’undi, ko Jiang Haisheng na Renzaho Alexis ibyaha bakoze bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi, ruhanisha Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng na Renzaho Alexis igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) kuri buri wese. [9] Urukiko rwategetse ko Renzaho Alexis ahita afatwa agafungwa urubanza rukimara gusomwa, ruhanisha Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Rutegeka k’umutungo wa Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd ufatirwa ukazavamo ibyo basabwa kwishyura igihe urubanza ruzaba rubaye ndakuka. Ko Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng, Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bafatanya (in solidum) gusubiza muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd amadorari y’amerika ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na bitatu magana atatu (243.300 Usd). Ko Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng, Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bafatanya (in solidum) guha FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd indishyi y’akababaro zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Ko JIANG Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng, Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bafatanya (in solidum) gusubiza muri FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka, ikurikiranarubanza n’igarama bingana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri na makumyabiri (1.220.000 Frw). [10] Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Renzaho Alexis avuga ko we nk’umukozi usanzwe atabazwa umwimerere w’amasezerano kuko hari bene “companies” bamusabye kuyasikana (scanner) arabikora, ariko ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yayagumanye, ko kandi uretse no kuba nta ndishyi yagombaga gusabwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze, icyo kirego kitagombaga no kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kubera ko izo ndishyi zari zaregewe mbere mu Nkiko z’Ubucuruzi, ko

## Page 5

kandi hatagombaga kugenwa indishyi z’akababaro 20.000.000 Frw kandi “personne morale” itagira akababaro, ko ndetse izindi ndishyi zagenwe nta bimenyetso. Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha cyo gukora inyandiko mpimbano, nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. [11] Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco uhagarariye, avuga ko iyi “company” nta cyaha yakoze cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano kubera ko ariya masezerano avugwa yo ku wa 30/1/2019 atari amahimbano hagendewe ku makuru aboneka mu ibazwa rya Mukamusoni Berthe ryo ku wa 10/1/2020 n’iryo ku wa 26/6/2020, aho avuga ko nyir’imigabane ya FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd yamuhamagaye nka “Managing Director” akamubwira ko ayo masezerano agiye gusinywa. Yemeza kandi ko ayo mamashini avugwa mu masezerano yari ahari, ari kuri “terrain” (nk’uko bigaragara mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 10/1/2020 bikanagarukwaho n’uwitwa Karenzi Didier, n’ubwo uwo ahakana umukono (mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 10/3/2020), kandi hari “invoice” yishyuriweho amafaranga yo kwimura izo mashini “escavator” zaguzwe, azijyana i Kayenzi. [12] Mu rubanza no RPA 00516/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 13/5/2022, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko badahamwa n’ibyaha bakurikiranyweho, ko imikirize y’urubanza no RP 01142/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/3/2022 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, ko kandi ikirego cy’indishyi cyatanzwe na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi, bityo ko ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza no ku birebana n’indishyi biteshejwe agaciro. [13] Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ntibishimiye urwo rubanza, bajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, Ubushinjacyaha bujurira ku wa 10/6/2022, naho FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ijurira ku wa 6/6/2022. [14] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 12/4/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habarurema Jean-Pierre, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Rubasha Herbert, Renzaho Alexis yunganirwa na Me Werabe Safi Chantal naho Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco. [15] Muri iryo buranisha, Urukiko rwasuzumye inzitizi yatanzwe na Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd muri uru Rukiko bwakwakirwa [16] Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco, uhagarariye Paragone Mining Industry Investiment Co Ltd, avuga ko Ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd butakwakirwa kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka cyenda (9°) y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, mu manza nshinjabyaha igihano

## Page 6

cy’igifungo cyagenwe ari cyo cyonyine gishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha ku rwego rwa kabiri imanza zagenwemo igihano cy’igifungo kingana nibura n’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Avuga kandi ko ibivugwa muri iyo ngingo ya 52 mu gika cyayo cya kabiri, kuva ku gace ka mbere (1°) kugeza ku gace ka munani (8°) ari inenge zikoreshwa gusa mu manza mbonezamubano. [17] Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco asobanura ko muri uru rubanza, ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwahanishije Jiang Haisheng, Jiang Haifeng na Renzaho Alexis igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), mu gihe Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [18] Me Ndahimana Jean Bosco avuga kandi ko ikibazo cyo kurenga imbibi z’icyajuririwe cyabaye mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko rwakuyeho ibyaha abatarajuririye urubanza kandi batanaburanye, kitagomba kumvikana nko gushingira icyemezo cyarwo ku itegeko ritariho, ndetse icyemezo n° 0019/Pres/CA/2021/Pen cyo ku wa 17/5/2021 cyafashwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho yemeje ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha bugomba kwakirwa, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2 n’icya 3, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye icyemezo kijuririrwa ku muhango w’iburanisha udateganyijwe n’itegeko, kitakoreshwa muri uru rubanza kuko kurenga imbibi z’icyajuririwe atari gukoresha umuhango udateganyijwe n’amategeko, bivuze nta sano iri hagati y’uru rubanza n’ibivugwa mu cyemezo n° 0019/Pres/CA/2021/Pen. Asoza asaba uru Rukiko kutakira ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha n’ubwa FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd. [19] Me Werabe Safi Chantal, wunganira Renzaho Alexis, avuga ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha butagomba kwakirwa ku birebana na Renzaho Alexis kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, butagaragaza inenge zaba ziri mu rubanza n° RPA 00156/2018/HC/KIG zirebana na Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry investment Co Ltd ku giti cyabo bwite, n’uburyo zigomba gukosorwa, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rutabona icyo ruheraho rubaburanisha mu gihe nta ngingo z’ubujurire zibareba zagaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha. Asobanura ko icyo Ubushinjacyaha bunenga ku rubanza rwajuririwe ari uko Urukiko Rukuru, mu guca urubanza, rwarenze imbibi z’icyajuririwe, ndetse n’icyaburanishijwe kuko rwakuyeho ibyaha Jiang Haisheng na Jiang Haifeng batajuriye, ndetse bataburanye mu Rukiko Rukuru. [20] Me Werabe Safi Chantal akomeza avuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu ifishi yuzuzwa n’utanga ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd yajuriye ivuga ko ubujurire bwayo buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya gatatu (3), y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwashingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku ngingo z’amategeko zitariho cyangwa zavuyeho, isobanura ko urwo Rukiko rwarenze imbibi z’icyajuririwe n’icyaburanishijwe, rwemeza ko Jiang Haisheng na Jiang Haifeng bataburanishijwe, bahanagurwaho ibyaha bahamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ndetse bakurirwaho indishyi bari baciwe, kandi nta tegeko rushingiyeho, ndetse nta n’irihari rwari gushingiraho. [21] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwabwo bushingira ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°), y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru.

## Page 7

Busobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho kuko rwanzuye ko urubanza n° RP 01142/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rukagira abere n’abo rutaburanishije (Jiang Haifeng na Jiang Haisheng), kandi batari banajuriye, ko nta tegeko rihari ryemerera Umucamanza kugira umwere uwo rutaburanishije, utaragize icyo asaba Urukiko, utaranirwitabye, rwirengagiza ibiteganywa n’ingingo za 183 na 188 z’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ishinjabyaha. Busaba uru Rukiko kwifashisha igika cya 14 cy’icyemezo n° 0019/Pres/CA/2021/Pen cyo ku wa 17/5/2021 cyafashwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho hemejwe ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha bugomba kwakirwa, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri n’icya gatatu kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwafashe icyemezo cyajuririrwaga ku muhango w’iburanisha udateganyijwe n’itegeko. [22] Me Herbert Rubasha, uhagarariye FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd, avuga ko Ubujurire bwayo bushingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°) y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ako gace kakaba karebana n’imanza zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha. Asobanura ko ubujurire bushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwarenze imbibi z’icyajuriwe kuko mu gace ka mirongo irindwi na kabiri (72) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RP 01142/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Akomeza asobanura ko mu gace ka mirongo irindwi na gatatu (73) k’urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’indishyi n’ibyemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere biteshejwe agaciro. [23] Me Herbert Rubasha avuga ko mu kwemeza ibyo byose, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengangije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183, agace ka gatanu (5°) n’aka gatandatu (6°) n’iya 188 z’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ishinjabyaha kuko rwarenze imbibi z’ubujurire bwa Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd, ruhanaguraho Jiang Haifeng na Jiang Haisheng ibyaha, nyamara bataburanishijwe, ndetse batanajuriye muri urwo Rukiko, ko rero rwabikoze nta Tegeko rushingiyeho, ndetse nta n’Itegeko rihari rwari gushingiraho. [24] Me Herbert Rubasha asoza avuga nk’uko byemejwe mu gace ka cumi na kane (14) k’icyemezo n° 0019/Pres/CA/2021/Pen cyo ku wa 17/5/2021 cyafashwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, gukuraho ibyaha abatajuriye cyangwa se ngo baburane mu rubanza rujuririrwa ari gukoresha umuhango udateganyijwe n’amategeko, bivuze ko ubujurire bwa FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd bugomba kwakirwa, hashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°), y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°), y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko ‘’ Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha’’. Naho agace ka cyenda (9°) cy’igika cya kabiri (2) cy’ingingo ya 52 gateganya ko ‘’ Urukiko

## Page 8

rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza zagenwemo igifungo kingana nibura n’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Mu manza nshinjabyaha igihano cy’igifungo cyagenewe ni cyo cyonyine gishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire’’. [26] Ingingo ya 188, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ishinjabyaha iteganya ko ‘’ (…..). Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe’’1. [27] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 0096/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/5/2018 aho rwasuzumaga ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka kabiri (2°), y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/6/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ibivugwamo bikaba bisa neza n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°) y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, amagambo ‘’itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed), ko rero ishingiro ry’ububasha bw’Urukiko rigomba kureberwa mu ikoresha mu rubanza rujuririrwa ry’Itegeko ryavanweho, ritaratangira gikoreshwa cyangwa ritarabaho. [28] Ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga byumvikanisha nta shiti ko kugira ngo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwe, urega mu bujurire agomba kugaragaza itegeko ryaba ryakoreshejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi ritariho2. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mbere na mbere ibyo abajuriye muri uru rubanza banenga, bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru (dispositifs de la décision énervée), bitagaragara mu bisobanuro byatanzwe n’urwo Rukiko rusesengura urubanza (Raisonnement de la Cour) kuko mu by’ukuri, nta kintu rwavuze ku birebana na Jiang Haisheng na Jiang Haifeng. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, mu bujurire bwa kabiri, ku birebana n’ibivugwa mu gace ka gatatu (3°) k’igika cya kabiri (2) cy’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, urega afite inshingano yo kugaragaza itegeko ritariho ryaba ryakoreshejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, nyamara muri uru rubanza Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd bavuga ko gufata icyemezo ku bitaraburanishijwe cyangwa ku bitarajuririwe (ultra petita) ari ugukoresha umuhango udateganyijwe n’amategeko, bikwiriye gufatwa nko gushingira ku itegeko ritariho. 1 Ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘’Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine’’. Ingingo ya 155 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko ‘’ Ikirego cy’ubujurire cyakiriwe gituma ikibazo gisubira uko cyari kimeze mbere y’uko gicibwaho urubanza rujuririrwa, ariko ku ngingo zajuririrwe gusa’’. Naho, ingingo ryaryo rya 156 iteganya ko ‘’ Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa ubujurire mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe. Urukiko rufata icyemezo ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze ubujurire ajurira cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na we akajurira’’. 2 Ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza n° RCOMAA 00109/2022/CA raciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/3/2023, aho mu gace karwo ka cumi n’icyenda (19), rwemeje ko mu gihe nta tegeko ritariho rigaragara muri kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa, ntaho Urukiko rwahera ruvuga ko urwo rubanza rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho.

## Page 9

[31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi nk’uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 188, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, Itegeko riteganya ko Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, mu gihe rero Urukiko rwafashe ibyemezo ku birenze imbibi z’icyajuririwe, bigomba gufatwa nko kutubahiriza itegeko, bitakwitiranywa no gukoresha umuhango udateganyijwe n’amategeko cyangwa gushingira ku itegeko ritariho. [32] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kutubahiriza ibiteganywa n’amategeko bitari mu mpamvu zatuma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakwakirwa, bukaburanishwa mu mizi, kandi bitafatwa nko gushingira ku itegeko ritariho. Rurasanga kandi kutubahiriza amategeko ari amakosa yakosorwa binyuze mu zindi nzira ziteganwa n’Itegeko, adakosorwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, mu gihe urega atagaragaza imwe mu mpamvu ziteganywa n’Itegeko zishobora gutuma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa kugira ngo buburanishwe mu mizi. [33] Uretse n’ibyo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 0021/2016/CS-RPAA 0002/2016/CS rwaciwe ku wa 12/5/2017 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu manza nshinjabyaha, igihano cyonyine nicyo gishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’urukiko mu bujurire bwa kabiri, ntiharebwa indishyi cyangwa agaciro k’ikiburanwa3. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero kuba Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd batagaragaje Itegeko ritariho Urukiko Rukuru rwaba rwarashingiweho mu guca urubanza rujuririrwa no kuba nta gihano cy’igifungo kingana nibura n’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) cyagenwe muri uru rubanza, ubujurire bwabo bwa kabiri butakiriwe ngo bubaranishwe mu mizi. [35] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ibindi bisobanuro byagaragajwe n’abaregwa bashimangira ko ubwo bujurire butagomba kwakirwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Renzaho Alexis na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd yo kutakira ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha na FX Tugirane Ubumwe Mining Co Ltd ifite ishingiro. [37] Rwemeje ko Ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha na Paragone Mining Industry Investment Co Ltd butakiriwe. [38] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. 3 Reba agace ka makumyabiri na kabiri (22) k’urwo rubanza.