UBUSHINJACYAHA v. RUBAYIZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. RUBAYIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-14 - Case/document no.: RPA 00005/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. RUBAYIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPA 00005/2021/CA (Gakwaya, P.J.) 14 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ubuhamya – Imvugo z’umutangabuhamya – Umutangabuhamya avuga mu Rukiko ibyo yiboneye cyangwa ibyo yumvise mu buryo butaziguye, ko Urukiko rwonyine rusuzuma mu bushishozi icyizere cyangwa ireme bukwiye guhabwa, ko harebwe ububasha bw’Urukiko bwo gusuzuma mu bwigenge no mu bushishozi bwarwo ibimenyetso byose rwashyikirijwe, harebwe na none intego y’amategeko y’ibimenyetso (objectif du droit de la preuve) yo gushakisha ukuri. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muri uru rubanza uwitwa Rubayiza yakurikiranywe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku cyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda nyuma yuko avugiye amagambo aho yari mu kabare ko FDLR ari nziza ntacyo itwaye kandi ko ayikunda cyane, ndetse yanayitera inkunga kuko nabo ari abana b’u Rwanda bakaba n’abahungu be, ayo magambo ayavugira mu ruhame aranguruye ijwi kandi ayasubiramo inshuro nyinshi ku buryo yumviswe n’abantu benshi bari aho. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). Rubayiza yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kuba rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja zifite inenge, zidafite ireme kandi zivuguruzanya. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya banyuranye bavuze ibintu bahagazeho nk’uko bigaragarira mu mvugo zabo, ko impamvu y’ubujurire inenga urubanza kuba rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya nta shingiro ifite kuko Urukiko rwabanje rwagaragaje ko ubuhamya rwashingiyeho buhuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa kandi izo mvugo zikaba zihuriza ku kintu kimwe, ko kuba abatangabuhamya badahuza neza ijambo ku rindi nk’uko yayavuze, atari inenge yatuma ubuhamya bwabo buteshwa agaciro, ko icyangombwa ari uko bahuriza ku ijambo ry’ingenzi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umutangabuhamya avuga mu Rukiko ibyo yiboneye cyangwa ibyo yumvise mu buryo butaziguye, ko Urukiko rwonyine rusuzuma mu bushishozi icyizere cyangwa ireme bukwiye guhabwa, ko harebwe ububasha bw’Urukiko bwo gusuzuma mu bwigenge no mu bushishozi bwarwo ibimenyetso byose rwashyikirijwe, harebwe na none intego y’amategeko y’ibimenyetso (objectif du droit de la preuve) yo gushakisha ukuri. Bityo nta kosa Urukiko rwabanje rwakoze mu gushingira ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bashinja Rubayiza kuba yaravuze amagambo aregwa, kuko nta nenge izo mvugo zifite kandi zikaba zitavuguruzanya, ahubwo zifite ireme ku buryo zikwiye kwizerwa Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 204. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza n° RPAA/ Gén 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 25/7/2023, Urubanza n° RPAA 00371/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 15/12/2022, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 12/01/2019, nka saa cyenda z’ijoro (3h00), Rubayiza Jean- Baptiste yanyweraga inzoga mu kabari kitwa Teravive gaherereye mu mujyi wa Nyamagabe, aza gufatwa n’abasirikari bacungaga umutekano bari bahawe amakuru n’abaturage nabo bari bari muri ako kabari, ajyanye n’amagambo Rubayiza Jean- Baptiste yahavugiye, ko FDLR ari nziza ntacyo itwaye kandi ko ayikunda cyane, ndetse yanayitera inkunga kuko nabo ari abana b’u Rwanda bakaba n’abahungu be, ayo magambo ayavugira mu ruhame aranguruye ijwi kandi ayasubiramo inshuro nyinshi ku buryo yumviswe n’abantu benshi bari aho. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 204 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko nta magambo ashimagiza umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR yavugiye muri ako kabare, ko icyo yemera ari uko yahinjiye aje kuhashakira inzoga yari yaburiye mu kandi kabare, ahageze uwitwa Gasongo atangira kumwiyenzaho, abonye hakomeje kuba akavuyo aramuhunga ajya kunywera kuri comptoir, mu gusohoka atashye nibwo abasirikare bamufashe. [4] Mu rubanza no RP 00002/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 30/7/2020, rushingiye ku kuba Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yari muri ako kabare, kuba abatangabuhamya Ntawukuriryayo Samuel, Ndahimana Thaddée, Yezunawe Maurice na Nyiramina Renatha bari bahari bamushinja amagabo aregwa ko yavuze no kuba mu gihe n’agace k’igihugu yavugiyemo ayo magambo, hari hugarijwe n’umutekano muke waterwaga n’ibitero byagabwe n’imitwe y’iterabwoba mu Murenge wa Cyitabi na Nyabimata, rwemeje ko Rubayiza JeanBaptiste yayavuze agamije kumvisha abantu ko ibyo bitero bikorwa n’iyo mitwe bifite ishingiro kandi bikwiye gushyigikirwa, ko kandi byari bigamije kongera imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda, kugira ngo rwinubire ubutegetsi buriho, ko rero ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) no kwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 Frw) y’amagarama y’urubanza. [5] Me Rwabilinda Sylvestre, wunganira Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/8/2021, avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kuba rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja zifite inenge, zidafite ireme kandi zivuguruzanya aho bamwe bemeza ko amagambo ashinjwa yayavugiye kuri comptoir mu kabare,

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abandi bakavuga ko yayavugiye mu nguni aho bari bicaranye nawe mu kabare, bakaba aribo bayumva bonyine ntiyumvwe na ba nyiri akabare kandi urwo Rukiko rwaremeje ko yayavuze mu ijwi riranguruye, nyamara hakaba nta mvururu cyangwa umutekano mucye byabaye muri ako kabare icyo gihe kandi bivugwa ko yasubiyemo ayo magambo kenshi. Avuga kandi ko arunenga kuko yarusabye gukora iperereza, hagatumizwa ba nyiri akabare bakabazwa ariko ko nta byakozwe. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste inenga urubanza kuba rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya nta shingiro ifite kuko Urukiko rwabanje rwagaragaje ko ubuhamya rwashingiyeho buhuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa kandi izo mvugo zikaba zihuriza ku kintu kimwe cy’amagambo bamwumvise avuga ashyigikira FDLR, ko kuba abatangabuhamya badahuza neza ijambo ku rindi nk’uko yayavuze, atari inenge yatuma ubuhamya bwabo buteshwa agaciro, ko icyangombwa ari uko bahuriza ku ijambo ry’ingenzi. Ku bijyanye no kuba yarasabye ko habazwa abandi batangabuhamya ntibikorwe, buvuga ko nabyo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanze rufite ibimenyetso bihagije bigaragaza ukuri ku byabaye, rudategetswe gukora irindi perereza, ko uretse n’ibyo ariko abo batangabuhamya avuga ubu atigeze abavuga mu nzego z’iperereza no mu Nkiko ngo zange kubumva. Busoza busaba ko hakwemezwa ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza ajuririra.

[7] Urubanza rwahawe no RPA 00005/2021/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 19/2/2025, nk’uko bigaragara Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Rwabilinda Sylvestre, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican. [8] Ibibazo bizasuzumwa ni ukumenya niba Urukiko rwabanje rwarakoze amakosa yo guhamya Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste icyaha aregwa, hashingiwe ku mvugo zitizewe z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya no kumenya niba rwarakoze amakosa yo gudahamagaza abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, nta mpamvu rwagaragaje. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwabanje rwarakoze amakosa yo guhamya RUBAYIZA Jean- Baptiste icyaha aregwa, hashingiwe ku mvugo zitizewe z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya [9] Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste na Me Rwabilinda Sylvestre umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja zifite inenge, zidafite ireme kandi zivuguruzanya, aho bamwe bemeza ko amagambo ashinjwa yayavugiye kuri comptoir, abandi bakavuga ko yayavugiye mu nguni aho bari bicaranye nawe, bakaba aribo bayumva bonyine, ntibyumvwe na ba nyiri kabare kandi mu gusesengura izo mvugo rwaremeje ko yayavuze mu ijwi riranguruye, nyamara hakaba hatagaragazwa ko haba hari imvururu zaba zarabereye muri ako kabare; ibi, nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi na rimwe (11) k’urubanza, bikaba bishimangira ko rutitaye ku bikorwa rwaregewe, ahubwo rwihutiye kuvuga ko abo batangabuhamya bahuriza ku ijambo ‘’ FDLR’’, kandi ataribyo. Bavuga kandi ko bitumvikana ukuntu yaba yaravugiye aya magambo kuri comptoir, manager n’abaseriveri nabo ntibayumve. Bavuga na none ko bivugwa ko hari abasirikare bahurujwe nabo bumvise ayo magambo, ariko muri dosiye hakaba nta hagaragara imvugo zabo.

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[10] Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste na Me Rwabilinda Sylvestre umwunganira basobanura ko abamurega bamubeshyera bamushakira inabi, kuko ari umuntu w’inyangamugayo usanzwe yitwara neza, ukora n’imirimo irimo kuyobora amatora, ko bamushinja kubera yari yanze kubagurira inzoga. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Ntawukuriryayo Samuel, Ndahimana Thaddée (Ushinzwe umutekano aho ku kabari), YEZUNAWE Maurice na Nyiraminani Rénatha bavuze ibintu bahagazeho nk’uko bigaragarira mu mvugo zabo, ko kuba bari bicaranye cyangwa baticaranye, barasangiye cyangwa batarasangiye na Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste, ntacyo bigabanya ku buhamya bavugamo ibyo bamwiyumviye avuga. Buvuga kandi ko kuba abatangabuhamya barazindukiye mu Bugenzacyaha ntawabatumiye, ari uko ari bamwe mu bo Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yahungabanyirije umutekano, bakumva batabyihanganira, ko rero nta nenge iri mu mvugo zabo. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga rero ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste inenga urubanza kuba rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya nta shingiro ifite kuko Urukiko rwabanje rwagaragaje ko ubuhamya rwashingiyeho buhuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa kandi izo mvugo zikaba zihuriza ku kintu kimwe cy’amagambo bamwumvise avuga ashyigikira FDLR. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitizewe, rugahamya Rubayiza Jean- Baptiste icyaha aregwa. [14] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA/ Gén 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 25/7/20231 , ihame ku birebana n’ubuhamya ni uko umutangabuhamya avuga mu Rukiko ibyo yiboneye cyangwa ibyo yumvise mu buryo butaziguye, ko Urukiko rwonyine rusuzuma mu bushishozi icyizere cyangwa ireme bukwiye guhabwa, ko harebwe ububasha bw’Urukiko bwo gusuzuma mu bwigenge no mu bushishozi bwarwo ibimenyetso byose rwashyikirijwe, harebwe na none intego y’amategeko y’ibimenyetso (objectif du droit de la preuve) yo gushakisha ukuri, Inkiko zemera ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) cyangwa ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire iyo byizewe (preuve par ouï-dire), bivuze ko ari ihame ko ubuhamya butaziguye cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye bwemewe iyo bwizewe.

1 Uru Rukiko rwabyemeje rusesengura ibyakumvikana harebwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 62, iya 65 n’iya 119 z’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itagwa ryabyo. Ingingo ya 62 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ibikurikira :’’ Ubuhamya ni ibivugwa mu rukiko bivuzwe n’umuntu wabibonye cyangwa wabyumvise ubwe ku byerekeye ikiburanwa’’, iya 65 iteganya ibikurikira : ‘’Urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira’’, naho iya 119 iteganya ko‘’ Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose birega cyangwa biregura ari byo kandi ko bishobora kwemerwa’’.

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[15] Nk’uko byemejwe kandi mu rubanza n° RPAA 00371/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 15/12/2022, Urukiko arirwo rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa, rukita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira2. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi na rimwe (11) n’aka cumi na kabiri (12) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasobanuye ko ubuhamya bwa Ntawukuriryayo Samuel, Ndahimana Thaddée, Yezunawe Maurice na Nyiriminani Rénatha buhuje, kuko buhurira ku kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi cyo kuba Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yaravuze ko akunda FDLR, ko nabo ari abana b’u Rwanda, kandi ko yabatera inkunga. Rwasobanuye kandi ko kuba abo batangabuhamya badahuza amagambo neza, atari inenge yatuma ubuhamya bwabo buteshwa agaciro kuko ibyaha bikozwe mu magambo, abantu babyumvise badashora guhuza neza ijambo ku ijambo, bapfa gusa kuba bahuza ijambo ry’ingenzi andi magambo yose azingiyeho. Rwanasobanuye ko batavuga amagambo yose kimwe kuko bamwe mu bamwumvise ayavuga, bagendaga, ko batari bazi ibyo yavuze mbere cyangwa ibyo yavuze nyuma. Rwasobanuye na none ko harebwe igihe n’agace k’iguhugu yavugiyemo ayo magambo, yayavuze agamije kumvisha abantu ko ibitero bikorwa n’imitwe z’iterabwoba bifite ishingiro kandi bikwiye gushyigikirwa no kongera imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda kugira ngo rwinubire ubutegetsi buriho. Rwanzura ko Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda. [17] Ingingo ya 204 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko ‘’ Umuntu wese, mu ruhame, ukoresha imvugo, inyandiko z’ubwoko bwose, amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amoko yose, bimanitswe, bitanzwe, biguzwe cyangwa bigurushijwe cyangwa bitangijwe mu bundi buryo bwose, uwangisha rubanda ubutegetsi buriho, utera imvururu mu baturage ashaka ko basubiranamo cyangwa utera rubanda intugunda ashaka kubyutsa imidagararo muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, aba akoze icyaha’’. [18] Isesengura y’ingingo ya 204 yavuzwe haruguru ryumvikanisha ko kugira ngo umuntu ahamwe n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, agomba kuba yagikoreye mu ruhame, ni ukuvuga ahantu hateraniye abantu barenze babiri (2), akoresheje imvugo cyangwa inyandiko z’ubwoko bwose, amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amoko yose, bimanitswe, bitanzwe, biguzwe cyangwa bigurishijwe, cyangwa bitangajwe mu bundi buryo bwose, yangisha rubanda ubutegetsi buriho, atera imvururu mu baturage cyangwa atera intugunda muri rubanda, agamije ko abaturage basubiranamo cyangwa agamije kubyutsa imidugararo mu gihugu. Ryumvikanisha kandi ko icyo cyaha gihanirwa n’ubwo icyari kigamijwe kitagezweho3. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha, Ntawukuriryayo Samuel yavuze ko yari mu cabaret ari kumwe na Yezunawe Maurice, umudamu bita tante n’umugabo we, Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste abasanga aho bari bicaye bitaruye abandi, atangira kuvuga ko akunda FDLR, ko ari abahungu be, yanabafasha bibaye ngombwa. Yavuze kandi ko ari nk’ubusinzi bwatumye avuga ayo magambo, ariko ko atazi icyo yari agamije. Yavuze na none ko yabibwiye umusirikare,

2 Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabyemeje rugaragaza ibyo byumvikana hasuzumwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 65 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. 3 ‘’ L’excitation des populations contre les pouvoirs établis, comme moyen d’atteinte à la sûreté de l’Etat, est une provocation punissable en elle-même, ou indépendamment des effets qui l’ont suivie’’, G. Mineur, Commentaire du code pénal Congolais, 2e édition, Larcier, Bruxelles, 1953, P. 392.

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amusaba kuza kumva ibyo Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste arimo kuvuga, uyu amusubiriramo ayo magambo. [20] Mu Bugenzacyaha, Yezunawe Maurice yavuze ko bari kuri comptoir, yumva Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste abwira Ntawukuriryayo Samuel n’abo bari bicaranye ko akunda bariya bahungu bo muri FDLR, ko ari abana be, anayasubiramo imbere y’abashinzwe umutekano. Yavuze kandi ko yabivuze kubera inzoga kuko yari yasinze, ko ariko atazi icyo yari agamije. [21] Ndahimana Thaddée, mu Bugenzacyaha, yavuze ko yari ku kazi, azenguruka acunga umutekano aho mu kabari, yumva Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste wari wasinze, asangira inzoga na Gasongo, Nyiraminani (umugore wa Gasongo) n’undi mugabo ukorana nawe (Rubayiza Jean- Baptiste), bari bicaye bonyine, avuga ati: ‘’FDLR ni abahungu b’u Rwanda, Sankara ni umuhungu wanjye”, ko yavuze ibigambo byinshyi. [22] Na none, mu Bugenzacyaha, Nyiraminani Rénatha yavuze ko ava mu bwiherero (toilettes), yumvise Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste avuga ko akunda aba FDLR, ko ari inshuti ze. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja zidafite ireme kuko zivuguruzanya, aho bamwe bemeza ko amagambo ashinjwa yayavugiye kuri comptoir mu kabare, abandi bakavuga ko yayavugiye mu nguni aho bari bicaranye nawe mu kabare, bitahabwa agaciro kuko isuzumwa ryazo rigaragaza ko ubwo buhamya bushimangira ko yavuze ayo magambo yicaranye n’abantu batatu (3), aribo Ntawukuriryayo Samuel, Yezunawe Maurice, umudamu bita Tante n’umugabo we. Rurasanga ahubwo umutangababuhamya Ndahimana Thaddée we yarasobanuye ko yumvise Rubayiza Jean- Baptiste avuga ayo magambo igihe yazengurukaga acunga umutekano muri ako kabari, Yezunawe Maurice we akaba yaravuze ko yari kuri comptoir, yumva Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ayabwira Ntawukuriryayo Samuel n’abo bari bicaranye, Nyiraminani Rénatha we yavuze ko ava mu bwiherero (toilettes), yumvise Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste avuga ayo magambo, naho Ntawukuriryayo Samuel yavuze ko yamubwiye ayo magambo bicaranye bitaruye abandi, ari kumwe na Yezunawe Maurice, umudamu bita Tante n’umugabo we, ibi bigaragaza ko abo batangabuhamya batavuguruzanya kuko nta n’umwe yavuze ko yayavugiye kuri comptoir. [24] Ku bivugwa na Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwashingiye ku mvugo zitizewe kuko bitumvikana ko abo bamushinja aribo bonyine bamwumvise avuga ayo magambo, ntibyumvwe na ba nyiri kabare kandi mu gusesengura izo mvugo rwaremeje ko yayavuze mu ijwi riranguruye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga bitahabwa agaciro kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ntaho bigaragara ko Urukiko rwabanje rwabyemeje, ahubwo nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, yavuze ayo magambo yicaye ku ruhande ari kumwe n’abantu bavuzwe haruguru. Rurasanga uretse n’ibyo, abandi bantu babyumvise batari bicaranye ari abantu babiri (2) banyuze aho yari yicaye avuga ayo magambo, umwe yayumvise azenguruka acunga umutekano muri cabaret, undi yavaga mu bwiherero, abandi bari muri cabaret, nk’uko Nyiraminani Rénatha yabivuze, bakaba bari bibereye haruguru babyina. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ko imvugo aregwa atari ukuri kuko hatagaragajwe ko haba hari imvururu zaba zarabereye muri ako kabare, bitahabwa agaciro kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kugira ngo icyaha aregwa gihanirwe, atari ngombwa

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ko icyari kigamijwe kigerwaho, bivuze ko imvugo ze zitagombaga byanze bikunze guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda. [26] Bitabangamiye ibyagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ko abo bantu bamushinja kubera yari yanze kubagurira inzoga, bitahabwa agaciro kuko uretse ko atabitangira ibimenyetso, ariko bigaragara ko ariwe wabasanze muri kabari, ndetse mu Bugenzacyaha, ku wa 12/1/2019 no ku wa 16/1/2019, yemeje ko nta muntu yasangiye nawe inzoga, n’ubwo mu Rukiko Rukuru, yaje kuvuga ko uwita Gasongo ariwe wamusabye inzoga. [27] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko rwabanje rwakoze mu gushingira ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bashinja Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste kuba yaravuze amagambo aregwa, kuko nta nenge izo mvugo zifite kandi zikaba zitavuguruzanya, ahubwo zifite ireme ku buryo zikwiye kwizerwa, nk’uko urwo Rukiko rwabibonye. [28] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste nta shingiro ifite. b. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwabanje rwaranze guhamagaza abatangabuhamya bashinjura Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste, nta mpamvu rwagaragaje [29] Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste na Me Rwabilinda Sylvestre umwunganira bavuga ko basabye Urukiko rwabanje gukora iperereza, hagatumizwa ba nyiri kabare bakabazwa ariko ko nta byakozwe. [30] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste n’umwunganira batigeze basaba inzego z’iperereza cyangwa Urukiko rwabanje kubaza ba nyiri akabare. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Impaka kuri ikibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwaranze kumva abatangabuhamya Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yarugaragarije bari kwemeza ko imvugo aregwa atazivuze. [32] Mu rubanza n° RPAA/Gen 00002/2018/CA4 hemejwe ko Urukiko rudategetswe kumva abatangabuhamya bose rwashyikirijwe n’uregwa5 cyangwa n’Ubushinjacyaha, rusuzuma ahubwo

4 Reba agace ka 92 k’urwo rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 25/7/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na TWAHIRWA François. 5 ‘’ En ce qui concerne la convocation et l’interrogatoire des témoins à décharge, la Cour européenne considère qu’il n’existe pas un droit absolu de convoquer tout témoin à décharge; il appartient à la juridiction saisie d’évaluer la pertinence d’une telle demande’’, Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, Manuel de procédure pénale, 2e édition, Larcier, Bruxelles, 2006, P.1045. ‘’ Suivant la Cour de cassation, l’article 6. 3, d, qui reconnaît à tout accusé le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge, ne prive pas le juge du fond du droit d’apprécier souverainement si un témoin tant à charge qu’à décharge doit être entendu pour former sa conviction’’, in Henri-D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de procédure pénale, 2e édition, La Charte, Bruges,2001, P.936.

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mu bushishozi bwarwo niba ibyo bashaka gusobanura mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bishobora kwemerwa, rugategeka kumva gusa abatangabuhamya bazavuga ibijyane n’ikiburanwa kandi byizewe, bivuze rero ko ari ishingano y’uregwa yo kugaragaza ko ubwo buhamya asaba ko Urukiko rwumva bufite akamaro n’inyungu kugira ngo ukuri kugaragaye6, Urukiko rwo rumusubiza rumaze gusuzuma niba ubwo buhamya bukwiye mu kugaragaza ukuri7. [33] Nk’uko byemejwe kandi mu rubanza n° RPA 00001/2022/CA8 rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 20/3/2024, bikanagarukwaho mu rubanza n° RPAA/Gen 00012/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/20249, Umuburanyi afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba Urukiko kumva abatangabuhamya, asobanura mu buryo bufutuye kandi butarondogoye impamvu biri ngombwa, ko ariko Urukiko rudategetswe byanze bikunze kubabaza, ko mu bushishozi rubikora gusa iyo rusanga ubuhamya bwabo bukenewe kuko bikwiye, bufite ireme kandi bwemewe n’amategeko, kandi rufite byanze bikunze inshingano yo gusubiza mu buryo busobanutse umuburanyi ubisaba, rugaragaza impamvu bitari ngombwa mu gihe butagaragaza ukuri ku byabaye10’’. [34] Isuzuma ry’urubanza rujuririrwa n’inyandiko y’iburanisha yo ku wa 17/6/2020 mu Rukiko rwabanje rigaragaza ko Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste atigeze arusaba gutumiza ba nyiri kabari nk’abatagabahumya bamushinjura, bivuze ko adashobora kurunenga kuri ibyo, mu gihe atabisabye, ndetse atanasobanuye impamvu byari ngombwa. [35] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bwa Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste nayo nta shingiro ifite. [36] Ariko, ku birebana n’igihano Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yakatiwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu11, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) yahanishwe, ari kirekire, harebwe uko Urukiko rwabanje rwabisobanuye, nta ngaruka zakurikiye icyaha yakoze, ndetse ni ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, bityo akwiye kukigabanyizwa, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

6‘’ Il appartient, dès lors, au prévenu non seulement de faire la demande d’entendre tel témoin à décharge mais également de préciser l’importance et l’intérêt pour la manifestation de la vérité de cette audition’’, Cour eur. D.H., Pisano contre Italie, 27 juillet 2000, R.U.D.H., 200, p. 430 et note, in Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, idem.

7 Le prévenu ne dispose pas d’un droit illimité d’obtenir la convocation de témoins devant la justice, il appartient au juge de répondre à une demande introduite par le prévenu, tendant à entendre un témoin et d’apprécier si cette audition est nécessaire à la manifestation de la vérité. (…)’’, Cass., 27 avril 1999, Rev.dr. pén. crim., 2000, p. 359, in Henri- D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, op.cit., P. 937. 8 Urubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na UBURIYUMWANZI Bernard, agace ka 20. 9 Urubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na RURIBIKIYE Emmanuel na bagenzi be. 10 10 ’’ Le juge doit en tout état de cause répondre de manière explicite à la demande d’audition d’un témoin et décider en quoi cette audition n’est pas nécessaire à la manifestation de la vérité’’, in Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, op.cit., P. 1044 11 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko ‘’Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe’’.

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[37] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste nta shingiro bufite. [38] Rwemeje ariko ko urubanza n° RP 00002/2019/HC/NYZ rwajuririwe rwaciwe ku wa 30/7/2020, ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste yahanishijwe. [39] Rwemeje ko Rubayiza Jean-Baptiste ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) yakatiwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [40] Rwemeje ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na Rubayiza JeanBaptiste ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.