UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWINKINDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWINKINDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU, URUGEREKO RWIHARIYE – RP 0002/12/HCCI (Ngendakuriyo, P.J., Kanyegeri, J. na Nsanzimana) 30 Ukuboza 2015] Jenoside – Icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994 – Ibimenyetso – Gushinga bariyeri zigamije kwifashishwa iyicwa ry’Abatutsi – Gushinga za bariyeri no kuyobora inama y’umutekano ishinzwe gutegura amabwiriza azagenderwaho mw’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bihamya ko uregwa yateguraga umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi. Ubu buhamya bwafatwa nk’ukuri kuko buhuza n’uko ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, aho bariyeri zashyizweho guhera mu kwezi kwa 04/1994 zari zigamije kurobanura no kwica Abatutsi. Jenoside – Icyaha cya Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994 – Ibimenyetso – N’ubwo Uregwa nta bubasha yahabwaga n’amategeko bwo kuba yashyiraho cyangwa yashyirishaho za bariyeri nkuko abivuga, ibi ntibizitira Urukiko kwemeza ukuri ku byabaye gushingiye ku bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. Jenoside – Icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994 – Ibimenyetso – Ireme ry’ubuhamya – Kuba abatangabuhamya bavuga ibintu bimwe ariko bakagenda bahinduranya amatariki, ntacyo bihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya buba butanzwe kuko ukwivuguruza ntigufatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha, cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icyangombwa, ni uko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka. Jenoside – Icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994 – Ibikorwa bishingirwaho mu guhamya icyaha cya Jenoside – Uregwa muri uru rubanza ahamwa n’icyaha cya Jenoside iyo ibikorwa yakoze bigaragaza ko yari afite ubushake bwihariye bwo kwica igice cy’Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi no mu nkengero zarwo, abaziza ubwoko bwabo, yitwaje intambara yari yaratangiye mu 10/1990, kandi ko yamenyesheje abayoboke b’itorero rye ko nta masengesho azongera kuhakorerwa, ibyo bigaragaza ko yari yarafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura urusengero rwari rusanzwe rufatwa nk’ahantu hubashywe cyane kubera ko higishirizwaga ijambo ry’Imana, nyuma hagahinduka indiri y’ubwicanyi. Jenoside – Icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu – Icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kigaragarira mu bushake (mens rea) bwo kwica imbaga y’abantu cyangwa kubigiramo uruhare, ubikora azi neza ko ubwo bwicanyi bukozwe hagamijwe kwica abantu benshi. Jenoside – Icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha – Icyitso mu cyaha cya Genocide – Kugira uruhare nk’icyitso, kujya mu bitero uregwa icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha yitwaje intwaro no gutanga amabwiriza y’uko ubwicanyi bukorwa bifatwa nkubufatanyacyaha. Jenoside – Impamvu nkomezacyaha – Iyo bigaragaye ko ibikorwa bigize ibyaha uregwa yagizemo uruhare byakoranywe ubugome bukabije, hicwa inzirakarengane nyinshi, n’ingaruka zikomeye ubwo bwicanyi bwagize ku muryango nyarwanda, ibyo byose bigize impamvu zongera uburemere bw’ibyaha aregwa. Jenoside – Impamvu nkomezacyaha – N’ubwo haba hari Abatutsi babiri uregwa yaba yarakijije ntibicwa, ibyo ntibyafatwa nk’umugambi wo kurengera Abatutsi muri rusange.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Uwinkindi Jean uregwa muri uru rubanza, azwi mu Rwanda mu bikorwa by’abihay’Imana, kuko yari umuyoboke w’Itorero rya ADEPR (Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda), akaba igihe cya jenoside yari umushumba wa Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, ari naho ibyaha aregwa byakozwe ari. Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumukurikiranyeho ibyaha bya Jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, byakozwe hagati ya Mata na Gicurasi 1994, byakorewe Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye harimo ku rusengero rwa Kayenzi, kuri biro bya Komine Kanzenze, muri serire Rwankeri, no mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro, aho buvuga ko yagiye mu nama zitegura ubwicanyi, atanga amabwiriza yo gushyiraho za bariyeri no kujya mu bwicanyi, ndetse no kuyobora ibitero by’ubwicanyi, maze bumurega kandi kuba yarashyigikiye ubwo bwicanyi mu buryo bwo gucumbikira abicanyi no kubagenera ibibatunga. Uwinkindi Jean wari warahunze igihugu guhera mu mwaka wa 1994, yaje gufatirwamu gihugu cya Uganda, yoherezwa mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda TPIR, nyuma tariki ya 16/12/2011, urwo rukiko rwategetse ko yoherezwa mu Rwanda kuhaburanira, maze aregerwa uru Rukiko. Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira baburana bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu byaha aregwa, kandi ko nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kurengera abari bamuhungiyeho bose ndetse ko nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuyobora inama zitegura ubwicanyi, gutegura ibitero, gutanga amabwiriza ndetse no kuyobora ibitero by’abicanyi, kandi ko nta bikorwa byo gushyigikira abagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi yigeze ajyamo. Ubushinjacyaha bumushinja buvuga ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Uwinkindi yategetse abari bagize icyiswe komite y’Umutekano, gushyiraho za bariyeri muri Komini ya Kanzenze muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali, izo bariyeri akaba arizo zarobanurirwagaho Abatutsi bagafatwa hanyuma bakicwa. Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira, biregura bavuga ko nta bariyeri uwo baburanira yashyizeho cyangwa ngo ayishyirisheho hafi y’urusengero rw’i Kayenzi. Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 Uwinkindi Jean yagiye kureba Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kanzenze ari we Bernard Gatanazi maze amusaba inkunga yo gufasha kwica Abatutsi, maze amuha abajandarume babiri n’abapolisi batatu bavuye ku biro bya Komini ya Kanzenze kugira ngo bafashe mu kwica Abatutsi, kandi ko mw’ijoro ryo ku italiki ya 8 Mata 1994, Uwinkindi Jean yahaye itsinda rinini ry’abari mu gitero amabwiriza yo kwica Abatutsi kandi yizeza abo bantu bari mu gitero ko azabahemba nyuma. Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko ku itariki ya 07/04/1994 atigeze ajya kuri Komine Kanzenze kureba Burugumesiteri Gatanazi, mu rwego rwo kumwaka inkunga yo kwica Abatutsi, kandi ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza abajandarume n’abapolisi yahawe, ndetse ko nta bubasha bwo gusaba abajandarume yari afite bwo gutegeka abapolisi uburyo bakora akazi kabo, kuko ibyo byari mu nshingano za Burugumesitiri na Burigadiye kuko byari mu bubasha gusa bw’abategetsi bo mu nzego za Leta. Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Komini Kanzenze, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku itariki ya 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Burugumesitri Bernard Gatanazi yatumije inama yabereye mu mbuga y’ibiro bya Komini Kanzenze, muri iyo nama yategetse kandi ahamagarira abari aho kwica Abatutsi kubera ko inyeshyamba z’Inkotanyi zari zateye u Rwanda zari Abatutsi, buvuga ko iyo

nama yari yitabiriwe n’abantu nk’igihumbi (1000), kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yemeye mu buryo buteruye ibyavugiwe muri iyo nama ya rutwitsi kandi azi neza ko kubyemera byari gushishikaza no gutera akanyabugabo abari muri iyo nama, maze nyuma yaho tariki ya 12 Mata 1994, kuri Komini Kanzenze hagabwe igitero. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1994, abantu bagera ku 1500 bari bitwaje imbunda n’imipanga kandi bakoraga ibyo bari bahamagariwe na Burugumesitri Bernard Gatanazi, bagabye igitero cya simusiga ku mpunzi z’Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yari muri icyo gitero cyamaze nk’amasaha atatu cyica Abatutsi. Uwinkindi n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze, kuko n’itariki bwabereyo butayizi, mu gihe buvuga ko ubu bwicanyi bwabaye tariki ya 10/4/1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, ndetse n’inyandikomvugo y’iyi nama bukaba butayigaragaza, cyane ko aregwa kuba kuri iyi tariki yari yagabye igitero mu Cyugaro. Ku birebana n’Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, Ubushinjacyaha bushinja Uwinkindi kuba tariki ya 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, mu gitondo, yakoranije abari bitabiriye ibitero bitwaje intwaro abapakira imodoka ya Bapfakurera n’iya UCG, abajyana kugaba ibitero ku basivili b’Abatutsi bari bihishe mu rufunzo rwo mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro, kandi ko na Uwinkindi yari muri icyo gitero cyahitanye abatutsi benshi. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikimenyetso kigizwe n’ubuhamya bw’abatangabuhamya batandukanye, umwe muribo avuga ko hashize icyumweru yihishe mu rufunzo ari kumwe n’abandi batutsi, bagabweho igitero kirimo Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean. Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko atigeze ahiga cyangwa ngo yice Abatutsi mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro, kandi ko Ubushinjacyaha butazi igihe ibyaha bumushinja byakorewe kuko kuvuga ku itariki 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yaho bidasobanutse. Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abapentekote rwa Kayenzi, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko incuro nyinshi kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kugera hagati muri Gicurasi 1994, Interahamwe zifashishijwe n’abandi bantu batazwi, zavanye abagore n’abana b’abatutsi mu rusengero ku gahato, zibicira ahantu hitwaga CND hafi y’Urusengero rw’abapentekote rw’i Kayenzi, abaha amabwiriza kandi abatera umuhate. Uwinkindi n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu kwica Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata kugera muri Gicurasi1994 kuko kuriyi tariki nta mpunzi zari ku rusengero rwa Pentekoti rw’i Kayenzi, ahubwo zahageze tariki ya 8 Mata 1994, bityo ko Interahamwe zitari kuza gukura n’impunzi ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi zitarahagera. Kumenya niba ibikorwa Uwinkindi aregwa bigize icyaha ya jenoside n’icyahacyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n’uburyozwacyaha muri byo. Ku bijyanye n’icyaha cya jenoside, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bwamureze icyaha cya Jenoside bushingiye ku ngingo ya 114 y’Itegeko 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana mu Rwanda, mu gaka k’ayo ka mbere, giteganywa kandi n’ingingo ya 1 ndetse n’iya 3 (c) y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside, bityo bwanzura buvuga ko yagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi agambiriye gukora icyaha cya jenoside mu cyahoze ari Komine Kanzenze, Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngari, muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda kuva ya 6 Mata 1994 kugera hagati muri Gicurasi 1994.

Ku bigize icyaha cya jenoside, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko habaye Umugambi cyangwa ubushake bwo gukora icyaha cya jenoside, nk’uko byagiye byemezwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe na TPIR, umugambi wo gukora jenoside ugaragararira mu kuba habayeho kwica ugamije kurimbura imbaga, mu gihe bikozwe hagamije kumaraho ubwoko bwose cyangwa igice cyabwo, cyangwa se uziza abantu kuba babarizwa mu itsinda ry’abantu runaka nk’uko biteganywa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ndetse ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite umugambi wo gukora icyaha cya jenoside kandi awuhuriyeho n’abantu benshi, nkuko byavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye babajijwe muri uru rubanza, bagaragaza uruhare rwe kuburyo budasubirwaho, mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Komini Kanzenze, cyane cyane muri paruwasi ya Kayenzi, aho Uwinkindi yayoboraga itorero ry’aba pantekote. Uwinkindi n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko ibigize icyaha cya jenoside ntabyo, kuko nta mugambi cyangwa ubushake bwo kugikora yigeze acura, kandi ko Ubushinjacyaha butabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika, kuko kugeza ubu nta muntu n’umwe bavuga ko yishe. Ku bijyanye n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Uwinkindi Jean icyaha cy’itsembatsemba, nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubushake bwo gukora icyo cyaha bugaragazwa n’uko ukurikiranweho icyaha cyo kurimbura agomba kuba azi ko hari ubwicanyi bugamije kurimbura buriho bukorerwa abaturage b’abasivile ku buryo bw’ivangura, kandi Uwinkindi Jean nawe akaba ubwo bwicanyi yifuza kubugiramo uruhare, hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bushingira kubuhamya bwakusanyijwe n‟Ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ndetse n‟u bw‟u Rwanda, bigaragaza ko yagambiriye kandi agashyira mu bikorwa icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yakoze kimwe mu bikorwa, gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byibasiye abaturage batari abasirikari, bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya Politike, ubwoko cyangwa idini, kuko busanga yarakoze icyo cyaha aziza abo baturage batari abasirikale ubwoko bwabo bw’Abatutsi. Uwinkindi n’abamwunganira biregura bavuga ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma aryozwa icyaha cyo kurimbura kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ahantu n’abantu yarimbuye, amazina n’umubare wabishywe n’igihe byabereye kugira ngo uregwa abashe kubyisobanuraho. Ku birebana n’Uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean mu byaha aregwa, Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko aryozwa nka gatozi icyaha cya jenoside giteganywa n’ingingo ya 114, n’iya 115 z’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ndetse n’icyaha cyo kurimbura, icyaha giteganywa n’ingingo ya 120, 2◦, ibyaha yakoreye kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Kayenzi, ku biro bya Komini ya Kanzenze, i Ntarama ku Kiliziya, mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro n’ahandi havugwa mu kirego cy‟Ubushinjacyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bushinja Uwinkindi Jean kuba yari afite inshingano yo mu rwego rw’amategeko yo kugira icyo akora ngo aburizemo ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu rusengero rwabapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi nk’umuyobozi warwo, ariko aho kugira icyo akora, yagize uruhare mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi bahahungiye, atanga inkunga mu buryo burimo kuzana interahamwe zigacumbika ku rusengero, gushyirishaho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, kuyobora no kujya mu bitero, gukoresha amanama ategura ubwicanyi n’ibitero, kwitabira inama kuri Komini itegurirwamo imigambi yo kwica abatutsi, kwiyicira ubwe abatutsi ndetse no kubahiga aho babaga bihishe mu bitero

bitandukanye, maze busanga ibi byose bigaragaza uruhare rwa rwe nka gatozi, bityo bukaba busaba Urukiko Rukuru gutegeka ko aryozwa ibi byaha yakoze kandi akabihanirwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean bushingiye ku kuba yarashyigikiye kandi atera inkunga n’akanyabugabo mu bwicanyi bwabaye, acumbikira abicanyi, ajya mu bitero kandi akica ku giti cye, bityo iyo myitwarire ye ikaba yaratumye ubwo bwicanyi bukorwa kuko yari azi nibura ko ubwo bwicanyi bushobora kuba, kandi ko ishobora gufatwa nk’inkunga ikomeye kugira ngo n’abandi babwitabire. Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko nta buryozwacyaha nka gatozi buhari kuko nta bubasha na buke yari afite bwo kuburizamo ubwicanyi bwakorewe ku rusengero bw’i Kayenzi, mu gihe yatewe atunguwe kandi atagira abarwanyi bo guhangana n’ibyo bitero, ndetse ko yari yarakiriye impunzi zamuhungiyeho, akora uko ashoboye ngo azifashe, ndetse ko nta bwicanyi mu rwego rwa jenoside n’itsembatsemba yateje, haba ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, haba mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, haba no ku rusengero rwa pentekote rw’i Kayenzi, bityo ko adakwiye kuryozwa ibikorwa byo gushyigikira, gutera inkunga n‟akanyabugabo mu bwicanyi bwabaye, kuko byose ntabyo yakoze. Ku bijyanye n’ibihano, Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye Urukiko kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yakoze ibikorwa bigize ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura Abatutsi, kuko byakozwe mu buryo bwateguwe bigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwene gihugu cyangwa ku bwoko, bazira icyo bari cyo, haba mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by’Intambara. Ubushinjacyaha busanga kandi harabayeho impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko ingingo ya 83. (2) (a) y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana mu Rwanda ibiteganya kubera ko ibikorwa bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean yakoze byabyaye ibyaha byinshi, kandi igikorwa kimwe kikaba kigizwe n’ibikorwa bitandukanye bigize ubwabyo ibyaha byinshi (Jenoside ndetse n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu), maze bukaba busaba Urukiko ko Uwinkindi Jean atahabwa impamvu n’imwe nyoroshyacyaha kuko atigeze yemera icyaha ngo asabe imbabazi ngo abe yabigiriramo inyungu amategeko amwemerera. Ubushinjacyaha busanga kandi kubera ko ibyaha bya Jenoside ndetse n’icyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye Inyokomuntu byombi biteganya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’Umwihariko kandi “guarantee“ zatanzwe n’u Rwanda muri ICTR, u Rwanda rukaba rwaragaragaje ko Uwinkindi Jean aramutse azanywe mu Rwanda kuhaburanira, mu gihe ahanwe atazahabwa igihano cya burundu y’umwihariko. Kubera kandi ko ibyo byaha byombi binganya ibihano, byombi bikaba biteganyirijwe igihano cy‟igifungo cya burundu y‟umwihariko, bityo Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumusabiye igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ku byaha byombi aregwa. Ku birebana n’Icyifuzo cya Uwinkindi Jean n’ubwunganizi bwe, mu mwanzuro wabwo usoza iburanisha, bwagaragaje ko nta bimenyetso bifatika byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha byemeza ko yakoze ibyaha aregwa, maze asaba Urukiko ko rugomba kwemeza ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro gifite kuko ibyaha aregwa bitamuhama, maze basaba ko rugategeka ko ahita arekurwa kuko ari umwere. Ku birebana n’ibihano, urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha cyangwa nkomezacyaha, maze hasuzuma ingingo zijyanye no kureba niba ibikorwa Uwinkindi Jean aregwa byarabayeho n’uruhare yabigizemo, niba ibyo bikorwa bigize ibyaha byo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n’uburyozwacyaha bwe, n’ibijyanye n’ibihano yahabwa igihe ibyaha byaba bimuhama.

Uru Rukiko rwasanze kubera ko ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bihama Uregwa byarakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi kandi byose bikaba bihanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko, ariko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 5 bis y’itegeko Ngenga N 08/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko Ngenga No 31/2007 ryo kuwa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa, ivuga ko uwahamwe n’icyaha mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa mu kindi gihugu, adashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko, ahubwo agomba guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Kuba hari ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya babajijwe bugaragaza ko uregwa yari ayoboye komite y’umutekano y’inama yari igamije gushiraho amabwiriza ategeka ko hashirwaho bariyeri iri hafi y’urusengero rwari ruyobowe nawe kugirango ubwicanyi butangire gukorwa, akaba ari nawe wagenaga imikorere n’imicungire yazo, ubu buhamya bwafatwa nk’ukuri, kuko buhuza n’uko ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, aho bariyeri zashyizweho guhera mu kwezi kwa 04/1994 zari zigamije kurobanura no kwica Abatutsi. 2. N’ubwo Uregwa nta bubasha yahabwaga n’amategeko bwo kuba yashyiraho cyangwa yashyirishaho za bariyeri, ibi ntibizitira Urukiko kwemeza ukuri ku byabaye gushingiye ku bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. 3.Kuba abatangabuhamya bavuga ibintu bimwe ariko bakagenda bahinduranya amatariki, ntacyo bihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya buba butanzwe, ukwivuguruza ntigufatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha, cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icyangombwa, ni uko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka. 4. Uru Rukiko rwasanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragaza ko habaye ibitero byishe Abatutsi benshi mu Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kandi ko byari biyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean wifashishije abasirikare, n’abajandarume. 5. Uru Rukiko rwasanze, Uwinkindi ataryozwa ubwicanyi bwo kuri Komini Kanzenze bwo ku itariki ya 12/04/1994, kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza uruhare rwe muri ubu bwicanyi mu buryo budashidikanywaho nk’uko n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye, aho rwemeje ko kuba abatangabuhamya bemeza mu buryo butandukanye ibintu bemeza ko baboneye igihe kimwe, bitashingirwaho ngo byemezwe nta shiti ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa.Ibyo akaba ari nako umuhanga mu mategeko Marie-Cécile Nagouas-Guerin abivuga asobanura ko kugira ngo uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha, impamvu zishingirwaho zagombye kuba zidashidikanwaho. 6.Kuba nta kimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze kigaragaza ukuri mu buryo budashidikanywaho ku bikorwa bw’ubwicanyi Uwinkindi Jean yaba yarakoreye mu Cyugaro, haba ku itariki 10/04/1994 cyangwa ikindi gihe, bityo urukiko rukaba ntaho rwahera rwemeza uruhare rwe mu bwicanyi bwaba bwarakorewe mu Cyugaro. 7. Ibikorwa byose Ubushinjacyaha burega Uwinkindi Jean kuba yarakoze, guhera ya tariki 07/04/1994 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1994 ahantu hatandukanye, ibyo yagizemo uruhare mu buryo budashidikanywaho ni ibikurikira:

- Kuba mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhingiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye; - Kwitabira inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yavuyemo mu gushyiraho icyiswe “komite y‟Umutekano“ no kuyiyobora. Iyo komite y‟umutekano akaba ariyo yakoraga inama zavuyemo gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu duce dutandukanye; - Gukangurira Abahutu ubwicanyi, kubashyigikira abagenera icumbi n’ibibatunga, kubashakira inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano zo kubafasha mu bwicanyi, no gutera akanyabugabo abajandarume bari bacitse intege mu kubashakira inkunga y‟amafaranga mu baturage; - Kuba ariwe wari ufite ububasha bwo kwemeza abicwa n’abaticwa, n’ubwo kubuza ko abicanyi baryozwa ibikorwa byabo, no kugena uburyo n’ahantu abishwe bahambwa, no kujya mu bitero abiyoboye. Bityo, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ubu buhamya Uwinkindi Jean yatanze ahakana ibyo ashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya, uretse kuvuga ko bidashoboka, bityo ibivugwa n’abatangabuhamya bikaba bifatwa nk’ukuri. 8. Ubushake bwo kwica hagamijwe jenoside bugaragazwa n’ibikurikira: - Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yari mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhingiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye; - Kuba yarabeshye Abatutsi ko abamuhungiyeho atari abanzi, mu minsi yambere akabakira, agateka ko bagaburirwa, bavomerwa, mu rwego rwo kuyobya uburari, agamije kubegeranya ari benshi mbere yo kubica; - Kuba yarakiraga Abagore n‟abana b‟Abatutsi, Abagabo ntibemererwe kuhahungira kugira ngo igihe bazaterwa batazabona uko batabarwa; - Kuba yaratandukanyije impunzi zari kuri paruwasi, Abahutu akabashyira ukwabo, n’Abatutsi ukwabo. - Kuba yarayoboye inama zari zigamije gutegura uburyo ibitero byagombaga kugabwa ku Batutsi bikorwa; - Kuba yaragiye gushakira abicanyi inkunga y‟inzego z‟ubutegetsi zishinzwe umutekano; - Kuba yarashakiye abajandarume inkunga y‟amafaranga kugirango bakomeze babafashe mu kwica Abatutsi kuko bagezaho basa n‟abacitse intege; - Kuba yarageneye abicanyi ibibatunga mu gihe cyose bari mu bikorwa by‟ubwicanyi, abagiye mu bitero akaba ari bo bonyene bagenerwa inka n‟inyama babaga batekewe n‟itsinda ry‟abatetsi ryashyizweho na Uwinkindi Jean;

- Kuba yarabujije abashakaga guhana umwe mu bicanyi ku gikorwa cy‟ubwicanyi yari arangije gukora. Bityo rero, kuba ibi bikorwa bimaze kurondorwa bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ubushake bwihariye bwo kwica igice cy’Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi no mu nkengero zarwo, abaziza ubwoko bwabo, yitwaje intambara yari yaratangiye mu 10/1990, kandi ko yamenyesheje abayoboke b’itorero rye ko nta masengesho azongera kuhakorerwa, bigaragaza ko yari yarafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura urusengero rwari rusanzwe rufatwa nk’ahantu hubashywe cyane kubera ko higishirizwaga ijambo ry‟Imana, hagahinduka indiri y‟ubwicanyi, Uru Rukiko rusanga rero hashingiwe ku bikorwa no ku mugambi byagaragajwe, Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside. 10. Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho byagaragajwe muri uru rubanza ni ibikurikira: - Kuba yarakoresheje inama zitegura ibitero bigamije kurimbura Abatutsi no gutunga ababijyagamo; - Kuba yarashakiye abicanyi inkunga y’inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekanohagamijwe kongerera abari byagabye ibitero imbaraga; - Kuba yaragiye akanayobora ibitero, byishwemo abantu benshi batandukanye. Urukiko rusanga ibi bikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yakoze byararimbuye imbaga y’Abatutsi, baguye mu bitero simusiga byagabwe mu nkengero z’Urusengero rw’abapetenkoti rwa Kayenzi, rusanga kandi ubushake (mens rea) bwo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bugaragararira mu bushake bwo kwica imbaga y’abantu cyangwa kubigiramo uruhare, ubikora azi neza ko ubwo bwicanyi bukozwe hagamijwe kwica abantu benshi, rero hashingiwe ku bikorwa no ku mugambi byagaragajwe, Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. 11. Ku bijyanye no kwica nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside, Uwinkindi Jean yarabigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso mu buryo bukurikira: - Gutegura no gushishikariza ubwo yategekaga Abahutu kujya gutura ku rusengero agamije kuzabakoresha mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi, agakoresha kandi akayobora inama zigamije gutegura ubwicanyi; - Koroshya no kunonosora ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi ubwo yashakiraga abicanyi inkunga y’inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano, akanabagenera ibibatunga, agategeka abaturage gutanga umusanzu w‟amafaranga agenewe abasirikari kugira ngo badacika intege bakomeze ubwicanyi, akanarengera uwishe Abatutsi kugira ngo atagira icyo abibazwaho. - -Bityo, Urukiko rusanga na none ku byerekeye icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Uwinkindi Jean yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso, ubwo nk’umuyobozi w’icyiswe „komite y‟umutekano„ yakoresheje inama zateguye ibitero, akanagena abagomba kubijyamo, ndetse akanagira uruhare nk’umufatanyacyaha ubwo yajyaga mu bitero, afite intwaro kandi atanga amabwiriza y’uko ubwicanyi bukorwa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye hicwa imbaga y’Abatutsi batari abasirikare.

- -Kugira uruhare nk’icyitso, kujya mu bitero uregwa icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha yitwaje intwaro no gutanga amabwiriza y’uko ubwicanyi bukorwa bifatwa nk’icyaha nkubufatanyacyaha. 12. Ku birebana n’impamvu nkomezacyaha, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe hasesengurwa ibikorwa bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare, bigaragara ko ibi byaha byakoranywe ubugome bukabije, hicwa inzirakarengane nyinshi, bityo ubwinshi bw’Abatutsi bishwe n’ingaruka zikomeye bwagize ku muryango nyarwanda, bigize impamvu zongera uburemere bw’ibyaha aregwa. 13. Ku birebana n’impamvu nkomezacyaha, uru Rukiko rusanga kandi kuba Uwinkindi Jean wari usanzwe ashinzwe kwigisha urukundo n’imibanire myiza mu bantu, yafashe iya mbere mu kwigisha urwango n’ubwicanyi, ahemukira Abatutsi bari bamuhungiyeho kubera icyizere bari bamufitiye nk’uwihaye Imana, ibi byose bigize impamvu ziremereza icyaha, byongera uburemere bw’ibihano. 14. Ku birebana n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rusanga mbere ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, nta bikorwa bibi bigaragazwa kuri Uwinkindi Jean kuko hari abantu, yahisemo kurengera bararokoka, ariko izi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ntizashingirwaho mu ihanwa rye, kubera uburemere n’ingaruka zikomeye ibyaha aregwa byateje kuko n’ubwo haba hari Abatutsi babiri uregwa yaba yarakijije ntibicwa, ibyo ntibyafatwa nk’umugambi wo kurengera Abatutsi muri rusange, bityo akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko, ihanisha kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu. 15. Uru Rukiko rwasanze kubera ko ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bihama Uregwa byarakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi kandi byose bikaba bihanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko, ariko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 5 bis y’itegeko Ngenga N 08/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko Ngenga No 31/2007 ryo kuwa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa, ivuga ko uwahamwe n’icyaha mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa mu kindi gihugu, adashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko, ahubwo agomba guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko rwemeye kwakira no gusuzuma ikirego rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha burega Uwinkindi Jean ibyaha byo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, rugisuzumye rusanga gifite ishingiro; Rwemeje ko Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu aregwa; Rukijije ko Uwinkindi Jean atsinzwe; Rumuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu; Rutegetse ko Uwinkindi Jean asonewe igarama kuko aburana afunze. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y‟imanza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 165; Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65;

Itegeko Nº 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 114; Itegeko Ngenga Nº 08/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko Ngenga No 31/2007 ryo kuwa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0117/07/CS rwaciwe kuwa 17/09/2010, hagati y‟Ubushinjacyaha na Cpl Ngabonziza Faustin na Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste; Urubanza ICTR-01-75- AR 11 bis rwo kuwa 16/11/2011, rwaciwe n‟urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda; Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Guhera mu mwaka wa 19591, mu Rwanda hatangiye politiki y’ivangura ry’Abanyarwanda, Abanyarwanda bacibwamo ibice hashingiwe ku byiswe amoko y’Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa2. Abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi baricwa, abandi bahunga igihugu3, iyi politiki y’amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda yarakomeje no mu myaka yakurikiyeho4, kugeza ubwo mu mwaka wa 1990 Leta yariho mu Rwanda, yatangiye ibikorwa byo kurimbura Abatutsi, nk’uko Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène umwe mu bahanga mu mateka y’u Rwanda abigaragaza5. [2] Mu mwaka wa 1994, umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi washyizwe mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro6, nk’uko na Kambanda wari Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Guverinoma y’Abatabazi 1 Icyemezo cy’inama rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye nomero 206 (iii) cyo kuwa 9 Ukuboza 1948 cyasinywe n‟u Rwanda kandi kinjizwa mu mategeko y‟u Rwanda n‟Itegeko-teka numero 08/75 ryo kuwa 12/02/1975, bishyirwa muIgazeti ya Leta y‟u Rwanda (1975), p 230. 2 « Dans cette période, les Hutus, les Tutsi et les Twa ont acquis l‟étiquette d‟amoko différents pour signifier qu‟ils se partagent en trois „races‟ et „ethnies‟différentes. Mais le mot „race‟, naguère appliqué à Hutu, Tutsi et Twa avant les années 1960, n‟était désormais plus d‟usage depuis l‟indépendance ». Antoine MUGESERA, Les conditions de vie des Tutsi au Rwanda de 1959 à 1990. Persécutions et massacres antérieures au génocide de 1990 à 1994. Ed. Dialogue, Kigali &Izuba Ed, Miélan, Sept 2014, p.234 3 « La révolution du 1959 marque le début d‟une période d‟affrontements ethniques entre Hutu et Tutsis au Rwanda, provoquant au cours des années qui ont immédiatement suivi, de centaines de morts chez les Tutsis et l‟exode de 4 « Le 1er juillet 1966, au quatrième anniverssaire de l‟indépendance, le President Kayibanda est revenu sur le problème des Inyenzi et du parti UNAR en proférant des propos acides et en considérant les Tutsi comme initiateurs de tous les problèmes qui y avaient au Rwanda. Il a de nouveau martelé que le pays et son patrimoine revennaient exclusivement aux Hutu, mais il précisa aussi que les Tutsi et les Twa, pouvaient y avoir droit à condition de se soumettre aux principes de la démocratie ». Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, l‟itinéraire du génocide commis contre les Tutsi, Ed. Imprimérie Muhima, Avril 2014, p.37. 5 « Entre octobre 1990 et avril 1994, le Gouvernement rwandais, son armée et ses milices ont commis massivement des massacres dans différentes régions du pays. Ces massacres étaient planifiés par les hautes autorités politiques et militaires ». Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, idem. P.145. 6 « Le 6 avril, l‟avion qui transportait le Président Habyarimana fut abattu. La responsabilité de ce crime n‟a jamais

yabyemeye aburana mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda “TPIR”7. Ku rwego rw’Igihugu no mu Turere twose hafatwa ingamba z’uburyo Abatutsi bose bicwa. [3] Mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali kimwe no mu bindi bice by’Igihugu, hafashwe ingamba z’uburyo ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi n’abo batavuga rumwe muri politiki bukorwa. Mu gace ka Bugesera, ariho Komine Kanzenze yabarizwaga, hari hatuwe n’Abatutsi benshi bagiye bahimurirwa kubera ubwicanyi bakorerwaga mu bice bitandukanye by’Igihugu mu myaka yabanjirije uwa 19908. Mu rwego rwo guhunga ubwicanyi bakorerwaga, Abatutsi bagiye bahungira kuri Komini, ku mashuli, kuri za Kiliziya no mu Nsengero, akaba ari naho benshi muri bo biciwe nk’uko byagenze henshi mu Gihugu9. [4] Uwinkindi Jean uregwa muri uru rubanza, azwi mu Rwanda mu bikorwa by’abihay’Imana, kuko yari umuyoboke w’Itorero rya ADEPR (Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda), akaba igihe cya jenoside yari umushumba wa Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, ari naho ibyaha aregwa byakozwe ari. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumukurikiranyeho ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, byakozwe hagati ya Mata na Gicurasi 1994, byakorewe Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye harimo ku rusengero rwa Kayenzi, kuri biro bya Komine Kanzenze, muri serire Rwankeri, no mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro, aho buvuga ko yagiye mu nama zitegura ubwicanyi, atanga amabwiriza yo gushyiraho za bariyeri no kujya mu bwicanyi, ndetse no kuyobora ibitero by’ubwicanyi. Bumurega kandi kuba yarashyigikiye ubwo bwicanyi mu buryo bwo gucumbikira abicanyi no kubagenera ibibatunga. été établie. Un petit groupe de ses proches – impliqués ou non dans l‟attentat – décida d‟exécuter l‟extrémination qui était planifiée. La Garde présidentielle puis d‟autres troupes commandées par le Colonnel Bagosora et appuyées par les milices tuèrent des responsables gouvernementaux et des chefs des partis d‟opposition, créant ainsi un vide qui permit à Bagosora et ses partisans de prendre le pouvoir. Les soldats et les miliciens se mirent par ailleurs à milliers d‟entre eux ». Afffaire No ICTR-99-52-T, Le Procureur c. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza et Hassan Ngeze, para. 105. massacrer systématiquement les Tutsi. En quelques heures, des officiers de l‟armée et des administrateurs de régions éloignées de la capitale envoyèrent des soldats et des miliciens pour tuer les Tutsi et des responsables politiques Hutu dans leurs régions d‟origine ». A. Desforges et consorts, Aucun temoin ne doit survivre. Ed. Karthala. P.11. 7 « Jean Kambanda reconnaît qu‟avant le 6 avril 1994, les partis politiques de concert avec les forces armées rwandaises, ont organisé et commencé l‟instruction militaire des mouvements de jeunes du MRND et du CDR (Interahamwe et Impuzamugambi, respectivement) dans l‟intention de les utiliser dans les massacres qui s‟ensuivirent. De plus, Jean Kambanda reconnaît que le gouvernement qu‟il dirigeait a distribué des armes et des munitions à ces groupes. En outre, Jean Kambanda confirme que les barrages routiers tenus par les patrouilles mixtes d‟éléments des forces armées rwandaises et des Interahamwe, ont été erigés à Kigali et ailleurs dès l‟annonce à la radio de la mort du Président Juvénal Habyarimana…. ». Affaire No ICTR-97-23-S du 4 Septembre 1998, le Procureur contre Jean Kambanda, para.39 (vi, xi). 8 « Les Tutsi du Bugesera dont un grand nombre étaient „des réfugiés internes‟ furent massacrés á trois reprises en 1963-1964…». Antoine Mugesera, Les conditions de vie des Tutsi au Rwanda de 1959 á 1990, Persécutions et massacres antérieures au génocide de 1990 à 1994. Ed. Dialogue, Kigali & Izuba Ed, Miélan, Sept 2014, p 135 9 « Vers le milieu de la prémière semaine du génocide, les organisateurs commencèrent à appliquer une stratégie différente, qui consistait à chasser les Tutsis de leurs habitations pour les régrouper dans des batiments publics, des eglises et des écoles, entre autres, ou ils étaient ensuite massacrés lors d‟opérations à grande échelle ». A. Desforges et consorts. P.15.

[6] Uwinkindi Jean wari warahunze igihugu guhera mu mwaka wa 1994, yaje gufatirwamu gihugu cya Uganda yoherezwa mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda „TPIR‟, nyuma tariki ya 16/12/2011, urwo rukiko rwategetse ko yoherezwa mu Rwanda kuhaburanira , aregerwa uru Rukiko. 10 [7] Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu byaha aregwa. Bavuga ko nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kurengera abari bamuhungiyeho bose kandi ko nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuyobora inama zitegura ubwicanyi, gutegura ibitero, gutanga amabwiriza ndetse no kuyobora ibitero by’abicanyi. Ikindi avuga n’uko nta bikorwa byo gushyigikira abagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi yigeze ajyamo. [8] Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe ingingo zijyanye no kureba niba ibikorwa Uwinkindi Jean aregwa byarabayeho n’uruhare yabigizemo, niba ibyo bikorwa bigize ibyaha byo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n’uburyozwacyaha bwe, n’ibijyanye n’ibihano yahabwa igihe ibyaha byaba bimuhama. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA -Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ibikorwa bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean aregwa byarabayeho n’uruhare yaba yarabigizemo. -Bariyeri hafi y’Urusengero rw’Abapentekote rw’i Kayenzi. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, Uwinkindi Jean yategetse abari bagize icyiswe „komite y‟Umutekano‟, barimo uwitwa Banguka, gushyiraho za bariyeri muri Komini ya Kanzenze muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali, izo bariyeri akaba arizo zarobanurirwagaho Abatutsi bagafatwa hanyuma bakicwa. Bagendeye kuri ayo mategeko, abagize komite y‟umutekano iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean bashyizeho bariyeri eshatu ku muhanda munini ujya ku rusengero rw‟abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi. Na none bagendeye ku mategeko ye, itsinda riyobowe n‟uwitwa Banguka umwe mu bagize komite y’umutekano ryiciye umugabo w‟umututsi witwa Emile wakomokaga muri serire ya Nyiramatuntu, hafi y‟imwe muri za Bariyeri zari ku muhanda munini ujya ku rusengero rw’Abapantekote rw’i Kayenzi. -Ibimenyetso by’ubushinjacyaha [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko hari abantagabuhamya batandukanye babyemeza aribo BZI na BZJ. [11] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 16/09/2010 muri TPIR11, BZI yavuze ko nyuma y‟urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal ku itariki atibuka neza, Burugumesitiri wa Komine Kanzenze 10Reba urubanza ICTR-01-75- AR 11 bis rwo kuwa 16/11/2011, rwaciwe n‟urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. 11 Reba urupapuro rwa 629 rwa dosiye yavuye TPIR. 12 Reba urupapuro rwa 306 rwa dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 13 Reba urupapuro rwa 1613 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 14 eba urupapuro rwa 1823 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 15Reba urupapuro rwa 650 rwa dosiye ya TPIR

witwaga Bernard Gatanazi, yaje gukoresha inama kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi pasitori Uwinkindi Jean ahari, na BZI ahari nka resiponsabule wa serire, hari n‟abandi bantu benshi bari bitabiriye iyo nama. Mu ijambo rye Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yatonganije abayobozi ba Kayenzi avuga ko abandi batangiye gukora, ko atazi ibyo barimo. BZI yasobanuye ko muri icyo gihe „gukora‟ byasobanuraga „kwica Abatutsi‟.BZI avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean ntacyo yavuze muri iyo nama, ariko ko kuri uwo munsi nyuma y‟iyo nama yashyirishijeho za bariyeri ku mihanda yose yaganaga kuri Paruwasi. Avuga ko yamenyemo bariyeri eshatu: imwe yo ku muhanda mu nini ahashamikiye agahanda kajya kuri Paruwasi, indi yari mu marembo y‟aga santire ka Kariyeri umuntu anyuraho aturutse i Kigali, iya 3 ikaba yari ku muhanda ugana kuri serire Rwankeri. [12] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 25/01/2012, imbere y‟Ubugenzacyaha12 no mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 04/03/201513, n‟iryo kuwa 15/10/201514, BZI avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we washyirishijeho za bariyeri 3: iyo kuri „Kariyeri‟ kwa Azela; iyo kwa Kayihigi n‟iyari inyuma yo kwa Sayinzoga. Avuga ko abazikoragaho babaga boherejwe na Uwinkindi Jean, amaze kubatoranya mu nterahamwe zabaga ziri iwe mu rugo no ku rusengero. Avuga ko mu bo yibuka bakoze kuri izo bariyeri, harimo Banguka Bernard wakoze kuri bariyeri yo kwa Azela, BZJ wakoze kuri bariyeri yo kwa Kayihigi, na Uwimana François, Rwabugabo na Nteziryayo bakoze kuri bariyeri yo kwa Sayinzoga. Avuga ko kuri izo bariyeri uwo azi wayiguyeho ari uwitwa Ndayishimiye waguye kuri bariyeri ya ruguru. [13] Umutangabuhamya BZJ mu ibazwa rye imbere ya TPIR15, avuga ko ku itariki ya 07/04/1994 hagati ya saa saba na saa munani habayeyo inama irangira saa cyenda z‟amanywa, ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wayibatumiyemo abasanze kuri ‟Kariyeri‟. Avuga ko mu bikorwa byakomotse muri iyo nama hariho komite y‟umutekano yashyizweho iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, yahise itegeka kuri uwo munsi ko ku mihanda yose igana ku rusengero hashyirwaho bariyeri, ko hashyizweho bariyeri 3,imwe yari ku muhanda munini, aho umuhanda werekeza ku rusengero ushamikira, indi ikaba ku rurembo rwa santere ya „Kariyeri‟, iya gatatu ikaba ku muhanda ugana muriserire ya Rwankeri. [14] Mu ibazwa rya BZJ mu bugenzacyaha ryo kuwa 25/01/2012, no mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 03/03/201516, n‟iryo kuwa 15/10/201517, BZJ yasobanuye ko bariyeri zashyizweho na18 Uwinkindi Jean afatanyije na Mukumira ku itariki ya 08/04/1994 nyuma y’inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, zivaho ari uko batangiye guhunga Inkotanyi zigeze muri Nyamata, ko izo bariyeri zakoraga nijoro gusa, ku manywa bakajya mu bitero, ko imwe yari ku muhanda munini imbere yo ku musaza witwaga Azela yakorwagaho na Banguka Bernard na Nizeyimana wari waravuye mu gisirikare, iyo kwa Sayinzoga yariho Rwabugabo, Uwimana na Nteziryayo, naho iyo ku muhanda ugana Rwankeri ariwe (BZJ) wayikoragaho na Kalisa. -Imyiregurire n’ibimenyetso bya Uwinkindi Jean. 12 Reba urupapuro rwa 306 rwa dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 13 Reba urupapuro rwa 1613 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 14 Reba urupapuro rwa 1823 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 15 Reba urupapuro rwa 650 rwa dosiye ya TPIR 16 Reba urupapuro rwa 320 rwa dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 17 Reba urupapuro rwa 1602 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 18 Reba urupapuro rwa 1832 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko

[15] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko nta bariyeri Uwinkindi Jean yashyizeho cyangwa ngo ayishyirisheho hafi y‟urusengero rw’i Kayenzi. Bavuga ko nta kuntu Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean yari gutegeka abantu gushyiraho za bariyeri muri Komine Kanzenze kandi ifite Burugumesitiri uyiyobora, Bernard Gatanazi ndetse n‟abafasha be: ba Konseye, abayobozi ba serire, abagize komite za serire, ndetse na ba nyumbakumi. [16] Ku bijyanye na bariyeri zavuzwe hejuru, bavuga ko nta muhanda munini ujya ku rusengero rw‟i Kayenzi wariho, ko ahubwo umuhanda munini uva i Kigali ujya i Nyamata, ko rero nta bariyeri yari imbere y‟urusengero rw‟abapentekoti b’i Kayenzi. Bavuga kandi ko umutangabuhamya CDF19 watanzwe n‟Ubushinjacyaha mu ibazwa rye mu bushinjacyaha ryo kuwa 2/02/2012, yagiye avuga abayoboraga za bariyeri n‟abazishyizeho, ko Uwinkindi Jean atamuvuze. [17] Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ibivugwa na BZJ bijyanye n’ishyirwaho rya „komite y’umutekano‟ yari iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean bitabayeho, kuko nta nyandiko mvugo y‟inama yagaragajwe yerekana ishyirwaho rya komite y‟umutekano, ko iby’umutekano byari mu nshingano za Burugumesiteri n‟abafasha be, bitabazwa Uwinkindi kuko atari umwe muri bo, bityo n‟ibivugwa ku ishyirwaho za bariyeri mu mihanda yose igana muri Komine Kanzenze, basanga ari ibinyoma. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Urukiko rusanga ubuhamya bwatanzwe na BZI na BZJ bugaragaza ko habaye inama yaremeshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi Bernard ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rw’i Kayenzi, ubwo Burugumestiri yategetse ko ubwicanyi butangira gukorwa. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza bahawe n’uwo muyobozi, hashyizweho komite y‟umutekano iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean waje gutegeka ko hashyirwaho bariyeri ku mihanda iri hafi y’urusengero, akaba ari nawe wagenaga imikorere n’imicungire yazo. [19] Rusanga izo bariyeri zarashyizweho mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza yo ‟gukora‟ bari barahawe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, uko gukora bikaba byari bisobanuye „kwica Abatutsi‟ nk’uko byavuzwe n’umutangabuhamya BZI, ibyo bigahura n’ibyemejwe mu ibi akaba ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza rwa Ferdinand Nahimana na bagenzi be20. 19 Reba urupapuro rwa 246 rwa dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 20 Dans les instructions communiquées à la population, on utilise le mot „travailler‟ à la place de „tuer‟, et les machettes et les armes à feu sont décrites comme „outils‟.. », Afffaire No ICTR-99-52-T du 3 Decembre 2003, para. 114, P.36. 21 Affaire No ICTR-97-23-S du 4 Septembre 1998, p.21, para (xi). 22”La Chambre «doit à tout moment être consciente des réalités d‟une situation donnée et percer les voiles du formalisme derrière lesquelles peuvent s‟abriter les principaux responsables d‟atrocités. … . ”, ICTR -95-1-T, du 21 mai 1995, para.218, p.84. 23 Reba urubanza RPA 0117/07/CS rwaciwe kuwa 17/09/2010, hagati y‟Ubushinjacyaha na Cpl Ngabonziza Faustin na Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste, Vol. II, 2011, no 9, p.60.

[20] Rusanga rero ubu buhamya bwa BZI na BZJ bwafatwa nk’ukuri, kuko buhuza n’uko ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, aho bariyeri zashyizweho guhera mu kwezi kwa 04/1994 zari zigamije kurobanura no kwica Abatutsi, ibi akaba ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza rwa Kambanda Jean21 rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda „TPIR‟. [21] Rusanga ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira ko Uwinkindi Jean atari afite ububasha bwo gushyiraho cyangwa gutegeka ko hashyirwaho bariyeri nta shingiro bifite, kuko abatangabuhamya BZI na BZJ bemeza ko byabayeho, bakanavuga n‟uburyo Uwinkindi Jean yabonyemo ubu bubasha, kandi bakaba nta kimenyetso batanze kibivuguruza. Rusanga nubwo nta bubasha Uwinkindi Jean, nka Pasiteri, yahabwaga n‟amategeko bwo kuba yashyiraho cyangwa yashyirishaho za bariyeri, ibi bitazitira Urukiko kwemeza ukuri ku byabaye gushingiye ku bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho, nk‟uko Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwabyemeje mu rubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana22, aho rwemeje ko mu gusuzuma ububasha umuntu yari afite, hatarebwa gusa niba yarabuhabwaga n’amategeko, ahubwo hasuzumwa uko ibintu byagenze. [22] Rusanga kuba abatangabuhamya bavuga ibintu bimwe ariko bakagenda bahinduranya amatariki, ntacyo bihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya buba butanzwe. Ibi akaba ari nako Urukiko rw‟Ikirenga rwabyemeje mu rubanza RPA 0117/07/CS rwo ku wa 17/09/2010, aho rwo rwemeje ko ku „birebana n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe, ukwivuguruza kudafatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha, cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icyangombwa, akaba ari uko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka‟23 -Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi. [23] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 Uwinkindi Jean yagiye kureba Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kanzenze ari we Bernard Gatanazi maze amusaba inkunga yo gufasha kwica Abatutsi. Yashoboye kumuha abajandarume babiri n‟abapolisi batatu bavuye ku biro bya Komini ya Kanzenze kugira ngo bafashe mu kwica Abatutsi. Umwe muri abo ba Polisi yitwa Ntambara. Abo ba Jandarume n’abo ba Polisi ba Komini baje kugira uruhare mu byaha byakorewe muri serire Rwankeri, mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, ku biro bya Komini, n‟ibyakorewe ku rusengero rw’Abapentekote rw’i Kayenzi. [24] Bukomeza buvuga ko mw’ijoro ryo ku italiki ya 8 Mata 1994, Uwinkindi Jean yahaye itsinda rinini ry’abari mu gitero amabwiriza yo kwica Abatutsi kandi yizeza abo bantu bari mu gitero ko azabahemba nyuma. Mu bo Uwinkindi Jean yahaye amabwiriza harimo Semanyenzi, Kayinamura, Deo Ntaganzwa, Bosco Munyanzinza, Rusatsi, Ngarukiye, abajandarume bavanywe ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze, barimo, Ntambara n‟abandi bantu batazwi amazina bagabye igitero 21 Affaire No ICTR-97-23-S du 4 Septembre 1998, p.21, para (xi). 22 La Chambre «doit à tout moment être consciente des réalités d‟une situation donnée et percer les voiles du formalisme derrière lesquelles peuvent s‟abriter les principaux responsables d‟atrocités. … . ”, ICTR -95-1-T, du 21 mai 1995, para.218, p.84. 23 Reba urubanza RPA 0117/07/CS rwaciwe kuwa 17/09/2010, hagati y‟Ubushinjacyaha na Cpl Ngabonziza Faustin na Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste, Vol. II, 2011, no 9, p.60.

ku Batusti bo muri selire Rwankeri. Muri icyo gitero Deo Ntaganzwa na Bosco Munyanziza bishe Paul Kamanzi wari umututsi w‟umukungu bamutemaguye, hakaba ndetse hari n‟abandi Batutsi benshi bishwe icyo gihe. -Ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha. [25] Ibimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bushingiraho akaba ari ubuhamya bwa CDH, BZJ na CDF. Umutangabuhamya CDH mu ibazwa rye muri TPIR24, n’iryo mu bugenzacyaha25, no mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/03/2015, n’iryo kuwa 27/10/20152726, avuga ko ku itariki ya 8/04/199427 ni mugoroba, bumaze kwira, agatsiko k’Uwinkindi Jean kagabye ibitero ku Batutsi bo muri serire Rwankeri. Muri icyo gitero hishwe Paul Kamanzi wo mu kigero cy’imyaka 60, yicishwa umuhoro, hatwikwa inzu ya Mudenge Antoine. Avuga ko nubwo hari nijoro yashoboye kubona ako gatsiko kanatwitse inzu ya Mudenge. Ikindi akaba ari uko muri iryo joro mu gihe barimo bagarura amatungo ya Mudenge, yumvise Paul Kamanzi ahirita, kubera ko hari n‟ijoro agira ngo n‟inka. Bukeye bwaho bagiye kwa Mudenge aba aribwo babona umurambo wa Kamanzi. Avuga kandi ko muri icyo gitero abantu bari bitwaje intwaro gakondo, ariko ko akeka ko harimo n‟abafite imbunda, kuko yumvise amasasu avuga. Mu bagabye icyo gitero yamenyemo abaturanyi be batatu, aribo Semanyenzi, Rusatsi na BZJ. [26] CDH avuga ko ku itariki ya 9/4/1994, hafi saa sita BZJ yishe umututsi witwaga Sebastien amurashe umwambi, ubwo barimo bagerageza gusubiza inyuma ibitero bari bagabweho n‟agatsiko ka Uwinkindi Jean. Nyuma ya saa sita yabonye Uwinkindi Jean agaruka aherekejwe n‟abajandarume bane, bafatanyije n’abantu b’agatsiko ka Uwinkindi Jean batangira kubahiga, ko hapfuye Abatutsi 4 aribo Mutimura, Ngabo, n’abanyeshuri 2 aribo mwene Xavier Ndenkezi na mwene Charles Muzezayo. Avuga ko abo bajandarume bazanywe n’imodoka ya Bapfakurera, bahageze bahita babamishamo amasasu, bigaragara ko bari bateguranye icyo gitero na Uwinkindi Jean. [27] Akomeza avuga ko bahunze ibyo bitero, we ajya kwihisha mu bifunzo kugeza kuri 15/04/1994. Uwo munsi, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yarazanye n‟agatsiko k‟Interahamwe, baje bazanywe muri „camionette„ ya Toyota ya UCG na Daihatsu ya Bapfakurera. Uwinkindi Jean nawe akaba yari yicaye iruhande rw‟umushoferi wa Bapfakurera. Muri izo nterahamwe harimo Nizeye Claude, BZJ, Semanyenzi, Rusatsi na Kayinamura. Avuga ko bari bitwaje intwaro gakondo z‟imiheto n‟imihoro. Avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari ayoboye ako gatsiko kabateye kaje karirimba ‟Tubatsembatsembe„ ko muri icyo gitero umwana we witwa Evode Imaragahinda yatemaguwe amaguru, ubu akaba yarabaye ikimuga, akaba agenda bimugoye. Avuga kandi ko izo nterahamwe zari izo mu gatsiko ka Uwinkindi Jean kuko iyo zamaraga kubatera zasubiraga aho zabaga iwe ( kwa Uwinkindi Jean). Avuga ko uwo munsi Uwinkindi Jean yari yambaye ikoti n‟ipantaro byijimye, ko nta ntwaro yamubonanye, ko yari afite inkoni. Avuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean atanga ambwiriza, hanyuma ahagarara ahirengeye ngo agenzure uko bigenda. Avuga ko Abatutsi 24 Reba impapuro za 669-670 za dosiye yavuye TPIR. 25 Reba impapuro za 329 -334 za dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha Reba urupapuro 1638 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 26 Reba urupapuro 1874 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 27

bishwe muri icyo gitero yibuka ari Nyirankangura, Nsengiyumva, Habarugira Emmanuel, Muderi Clothilde, Rwibasira Justin n‟abandi. [28] Ku bijyanye no guhuruza abasirikare n’abajandarume, mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 27/10/2015, CDH yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean ajya kubahuruza, bo bari bahanganye n’igitero ku buryo atabibonye, ahubwo ko byavugiwe muri Gacaca n‟abari kumwe na Uwinkindi Jean . Ikindi yavuze n‟uko ibyo bitero byabereye hagati ya serire Gatare na serire Rwankeri. [29] Umutangabuhamya BZJ mu ibazwa rye muri TPIR28, no m’Ubugenzacyaha kuwa 25/01/201229 avuga ko yari mu gitero cyo kuwa 09/04/1994 cyangwa kuwa 10/04/1994, cyahagurutse ku rusengero rwa ADEPR kiyobowe na pasitori Uwinkindi Jean wari kumwe n‟abasirikare yari yavuye guhamagaza kuri Komini Kanzenze, muri abo basirikare akaba yaramenyemo Sergent Izabiriza, Icyo gitero kikaba cyarerekeje muri serire Rwankeri. Avuga ko bishe umututsi witwaga Bandora wari uhatuye, yicwa na Kalisa amurashe umwampi. Avuga ko icyo gitero cyari kigizwe n‟abaturage bitwaje intwaro, bafatanyije n‟abasirikare bari baje kubatera inkunga baturutse i Nyamata n‟i Gako. Uwinkindi Jean akaba yari afite inkoni yasunikishaga abari mu gitero kugira ngo abatere ubukana, abategeka kugenda, ubudasubira inyuma. [30] Yavuze kandi ko ku munsi wakurikiyeho, nabwo bagabye igitero mu Rwankeri, ko ariko nta muntu bishe. Ikindi yavuze n’uko abasirikare bahise banga gusubira mu bitero kuko nta gashimwe babonaga, ko pasitori Uwinkindi Jean yahise atanga itegeko ko abaturage batanga amafaranga uko bashoboye, kugira ngo haboneke inkunga yo guha abasirikare. Akaba yemeza ko ubwe yatanze amafaranga 100 frw, ariko ko hari abayarengeje, ko bayahaga Mukumira Innocent. [31] Umutangabuhamya CDF mu ibazwa rye kuwa 27/01/2012 mu bugenzacyaha30 no mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 04/03/201531 n’iryo kuwa 15/10/201532, avuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean kuwa 08/04/1994 cyangwa 09/04/1994 nka saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, mu gitero cyishe Paul Kamanzi kinatwika inyana za Mudenge Antoine zari mu kiraro. Avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite icumu yambaye ikoti arikumwe na Banguka, Munyazinza, Rusatsi, umuhungu wa Kazimoto, Semanyenzi, Deo mwene Kayihigi n‟abandi atashoboye kumenya kuko bari benshi. Avuga ko icyo gitero yakibonye ari ku muhanda wo munsi yo kwa Mudenge, ari kumwe na Dorothée, mushiki wa Paul Kamanzi, Theresie, Idamange Aurelie, Muderi, Karekezi Sebastien (abo bose barapfuye). Avuga ko Paul Kamanzi yishwe na Munyanziza amukubise umuhoro, ko bamwiciye mu isambu yo kwa Mudenge iri iruhande rw‟urugo rwa Mudenge, akaba yarishwe avuye kwa mushiki we Dorothée. -Imyiregurire n’ibimenyetso bya Uwinkindi Jean. [32] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko ku itariki ya 07/04/1994 Uwinkindi atigeze ajya kuri Komine Kanzenze kureba Burugumesiteri Gatanazi, mu rwego rwo kumwaka inkunga yo kwica Abatutsi. Bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza abajandarume n’abapolisi yahawe abo aribo usibye Ntambara. Bavuga ko nta kigaragaza ko kuri iyo tariki i Kanzeze hari 28 Reba urupapuro rwa 651-652 rwa dosiye ya TPIR 29Reba urupapuro rwa 315 rwa dosiye y‟UBushinajcyaha 30 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 364-365 ya dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 31 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 1622 ya dosiye y‟urukiko 32 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 1830 ya dosiye y‟urukiko

abajandarume, dore ko ubusanzwe kuri Komine habaga abapolisi gusa. Bavuga ko Uwinkindi nta bubasha bwo gusaba abajandarume yari afite, kuko byari mu bubasha gusa bw‟abategetsi bo mu nzego za Leta, ko nta bubasha Uwinkindi yari afite bwo gutegeka abapolisi uburyo bakora akazi kabo, kuko ibyo byari mu nshingano za Burugumesitiri na Burigadiye. [33] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu ijoro ryo kuwa 08/04/1994, nta hantu Uwinkindi Jean yigeze ajya, ko ahubwo yari kumwe n‟impunzi zamuhungiyeho ku rusengero ni mugoroba. Bavuga ko nta bubasha cyangwa ubushake yari afite bwo guha amabwiriza yo kujya kwica Abatutsi ahantu atayobora. Bavuga ko muri dosiye y’Ubushinjacyaha33 hagaragaramo ubuhamya bw‟abitwa Mukumira Innocent, Rusatsi na BZF, bavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean atigeze ajya mu bitero kandi nta n‟intwaro yagiraga. [34] Ku itariki ya 18/04/2012, Rusatsi Bosco abazwa imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha34 yavuze konta gitero yigeze abona pasitori Uwinkindi Jean ajyamo, ariko yisegura avuga ko ibitero byose atariko yabibonye kandi ko we nta gitero na kimwe yigeze ajyamo, ko icyo yemera yakoraga kwari ugutekera abagiye mu bitero35, kandi ko atahabaga buri gihe36. Ku bijyanye n’inama, Rusatsi yavuze ko nta nama yigeze abona Uwinkindi Jean akoresha, ko niyo yaba hari izo yakoresheje, ntazo azi. Ikindi avuga n’uko nta ntwaro yigeze amubonana kandi ko atigeze amubona yica umuntu, nubwo yemera ko hari abantu biciwe kwa Uwinkindi Jean, bicwa hari abapolisi ntibagira icyo bakora ngo babakize. [35] Ku itariki ya 18/04/2012, Umutangabuhamya Mukumira Innocent abazwa imbere y’ubushinjacyaha37 yavuze ko nta bitero yigeze abona Uwinkindi ajyamo, kandi konta ntwaro yigeze amubonana. [36] Ku itariki ya 26/01/2012, umutangabuhamya w’Ubushinjacyaha BZF yavuze ko yari mu bahigwaga, ko yahishwe mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean mu gihe cy’amezi 2 kugeza inkotanyi zije. Avuga ko iyo ibitero byazaga bisaka mu mazu, Rusatsi yazaga kubatwara, akajya kubahisha kwa Sebuturo Appolinaire, ibitero byagenda akaza kubafata akabasubiza kwa Uwinkindi Jean. Avuga ko atigeze abona Uwinkindi akoresha inama cyangwa ajya mu bitero. [37] Ku bijyanye n’abatangabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha, Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko uwitwa CDF, atari azi Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean, n’ibyo amushinja akaba ntabyo azi kuko atabihagazeho, ko mu ibwazwa rye ryo kuwa 03/06/1998 avuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean ubwa mbere yiruka azamuka agasozi, ko atasobanuye ako gasozi ako ariko. Bakaba bibaza uburyo yamenye ko ariwe abonye kandi yari amubonye ubwa mbere. Bavuga ko kuwa 21/01/2012, CDF yivuguruje ku byo yari yavuze mbere, avuga ko azi Uwinkindi Jean kandi ko bari baturanye muri serire Rwankeri, nyuma akaza kuvuga ko we yari atuye muri Rwankeri, naho Uwikindi agatura ku rusengero, ko izi mvugo ari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa, kuko serire Rwankeri iri muri Segiteri Ntarama, naho Urusengero rukaba muri serire Gatare, Segiteri Kayumba, ibi bikaba byerekana ko 33 Reba urupapuro rwa 422 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 34 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 411 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 35 Reba urupapuro rwa 422 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 36 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 413 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 37 Reba ku rupapuro rwa 413 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha

umutangabuhamya CDF atavuze bimwe ku ncuro 2 yabajijwe, ahubwo akaba yarivuguruje bikomeye, agerekaho no kubeshya. [38] Bavuga ko ikindi kinyoma cya CDF ari aho avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite abana 5, ko ibyo yavuze ari amabwire. Bavuga ko uwo mutangabuhamya CDF yivuguruzaaho abazwa ubwa mbere yavuze ko igitero cyo kuwa 08/04/1994 cyagabwe ku gasozi ka Rwankeri, aho Abatutsi bari bateranyiye. Abazwa ubwa 2 akaba yaravuze ko igitero cyo kuya 08/04/1994, cyagabwe kwa Mudenge kandi ko uyu yari atuye mu kabande, atari ku gasozi. 38Bavuga kandi ko imvugo za CDF zivuguruza bikabije kuko m‟Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igitero cyishe Paul Kamanzi cyaje giturutse i Ntarama ku ya 8/4/1994 kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yari akirimo. Abazwa imbere y‟urukiko hoavuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean umunsi Kamanzi yicwa ku ya 9/4/1994 kandi koariyo mbarutso y’ubwicanyi bwo k’urusengero. [39] Bavuga kandi ko muri dosiye y’Ubushinjacyaha hagaragaramo ubuhamya bw’abitwa 39 Mukumira Innocent, Rusatsi, na BZF bavuze ko Uwinkindi atigeze ajya mu bitero, kandi nta n’intwaro yagiraga. [40] Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwa BZJ, bavuga ko ibyo umutangabuhamya avuga ko Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean yahaye amabwiriza abasirikare bidashoboka, kuko abasirikare batava mu bigo bagabye ibitero badahawe amabwiriza n’ababayobora. Bakomeza bavuga ko Uwinkindi Jean atigeze aba umusirikare n‟umunsi numwe, ko rero ntaho yari kuvana ububasha bwo gutegeka ibigo 2 bya gisirikare. Bavuga kandi ko BZJ atavuga igihe n‟itariki igitero cyishe Bandora cyabereye, ko atavuga ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite bwo gukubita abasirikare ngo bajye mu bitero. Bakaba basanga ibisobanuro bitangwa mu mvugo za BZJ byuzuyemo ibinyoma, kwivuguruza ndetse no kuvuguruza abandi batangabuhamya, ko ibyo byereka urukiko ko ibyo avuga bidashoboka, n‟ubuhamya atanga butafatwaho ukuri. [41] Bavuga ko BZJ avuga ko Paul Kamanzi yishwe n’igitero cy’abasilikali, mu gihe CDF we yavuze ko Kamanzi yishwe n’igitero cyavuye i Ntarama. Ikindi n‟uko mu nyandiko mvugo y‟ibazwa rye m’ubushinjacyaha40, avuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero bitandukanye, nyamara imbere y’urukiko41 akaba yaravuze ko Uwinkindi Jean atasohokaga. [42] Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwa CDH, bavuga ko ibyo avuga bidashoboka kuko atamenye abagabye ibitero kuko yarebaga ari muri metero 200. Bavuga kandi ko yabeshye ko imodoka yazanye Uwinkindi Jean yari Daihatsu y’umweru kandi uyu nta modoka yagiraga muri 1994. Ikindi bavuga n’uko CDH yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite inkoni, ariko ko bidashoboka ko umuntu yamenya intwaro undi yitwaje kuri metero 200. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [43] Urukiko rurasanga umutangabuhamya BZJ yari mu bantu babaga ku rusengero, yari afite bariyeri ayobora akaba yari mu bajyaga mu bitero, harimo n’ibyagabwe muri serire ya Rwankeri. 38Reba umwanzuro wa Me Ngabonziza Joseph, impapuro za 1988-1992 za dosiye y‟urukiko. 39 reba urupapuro rwa 422 ya dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 40 reba impapuro za 313-326 za dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha 41 Reba inyandiko mvugo y‟iburanisha ryo ku wa 15/10/2015

Rusanga abatangabuhamya CDH na CDF bo bari mu bahigwaga. Rusanga ubuhamya bwabo bwose bugaragaza ko ku mugoroba wo ku ya 08/04/1994, hari igitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean cyiciye Kamanzi Paul mu isambu ya Mudenge Antoine kinatwika ikiraro cye. [44] Rusanga ubu buhamya bugaragaza ko ku itariki ya 09/04/1994, hari igitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean cyishe Bandora Sebastien mbere ya saa sita, nyuma yaho Uwinkindi Jean amaze kubona ko abahigwaga bashoboye kwiganaho, ajya gusaba inkunga y’abasirikare kuri Komine Kanzenze, agaruka ari kumwe n’abo basirikare mu modoka ya Bapfakurera, n’indi ya UCG zitwaye interahamwe, hakaba harishwe Abatutsi benshi barimo Ngabo, Mutimura n’abanyeshuri babiri umwe yari mwene Xavier Ndekezi, undi ari mwene Charles Muzezayo, baguye bose muri serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi. [45] Rusanga ubuhamya bwa CDH bugaragaza kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yayoboye igitero cyabaye mu Rwankeri ku itariki ya 15/04/1994, cyari kigizwe n’interahamwe n’abasirikare, kandi ko muri icyo gitero nabwo haguye Abatutsi benshi barimo Nyirankangura, Nsengiyumva, Habarugira Emmanuel, Muderi Clothilde, Rwibasira Justin n’abandi. [46] Rusanga imvugo za Rusatsi, Mukumira na BZF zishingirwaho na Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira, zitavuguruza ibyavuzwe na CDF, CDH Na BZJ kuko Rusatsi na bagenzi be, bivugiye ko batigeze bajya mu bitero, ko rero batazi uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero bya Rwankeri. [47] Rusanga ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganiye ko atigeze ajya mu bitero, ko nta bubasha cyangwa ubushake bwo kuzana abasirikare n’abanjadarume no kubaha amabwiriza yigeze agira, uretse kubivuga nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya CDH, CDF na BZJ. [48] Bityo rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 65 y’itegeko no 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko “urukiko arirwo rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanywa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanywa.... Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga, uko byagenze ntacyo bihimbira“. Rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragaza ko habaye ibitero byishe Abatutsi benshi mu Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kandi ko byari biyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean wifashishije abasirikare, n’abajandarume. -Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Komini Kanzenze. [49] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku itariki ya 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, Burugumesitri Bernard Gatanazi yatumije inama yabereye mu mbuga y‟ibiro bya Komini Kanzenze, muri iyo nama yategetse kandi ahamagarira abari aho kwica Abatutsi kubera ko inyeshyamba z‟Inkotanyi zari zateye u Rwanda zari Abatutsi. Iyo nama yari yitabiriwe n‟abantu nk‟igihumbi (1000) barimo Uwinkindi Jean, Col. Pheneas Munyarugarama na UCB. Ku buryo buteruye, Uwinkindi Jean yemeye ibyavugiwe muri iyo nama ya rutwitsi kandi azi neza ko kubyemera byari gushishikaza no gutera akanyabugabo abari muri iyo nama. Ubwo nyuma yaho tariki ya 12 Mata 1994, kuri Komini Kanzenze hagabwe igitero.

[50] Bukomeza buvuga ko tariki ya 12 Mata 1994, abantu bagera ku 1500 bari bitwaje imbunda n‟imipanga kandi bakoraga ibyo bari bahamagariwe na Burugumesitri Bernard Gatanazi, bagabye igitero cya simusiga ku mpunzi z‟Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze. Uwinkindi Jean yari muri icyo gitero cyamaze nk‟amasaha atatu cyica Abatutsi. Mu bandi bari muri icyo gitero harimo Col. Munyarugarama, Bernard Gatanazi, Christophe Bizimana, Leonard Rwarakabije,Ndagije, Ntambara, Gratien Mwongereza, Gervais Ngombwa, CCX, Karerangabo,Wacewaseme, Martin Bakundinkwano, abasirikare benshi batazwi amazina bo mu ngabo z‟u Rwanda (ex-FAR), abajandarume, Interahamwe, n‟abasiviri bari bitwaje Intwaro. Buvuga ko mu mpunzi nyinshi ziciwe muri icyo gitero, harimo Rukara, Damascene, Ndahiro n‟umugore we Consolata, na Ntambara. By‟umwihariko, muri icyo gitero Uwinkindi Jean yishe uwitwa Gashumba. -Ibimenyetso by’ubushinjacyaha. [51] Ubushinjacyaha bushingira ku bimenyetso bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwa CDG, Kayibanda Isaie na CDJ. [52] CDG mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 08/04/2000 muri TPIR42, n’iryo kuwa 06/02/2012 mu Bushinjacyaha43, no mu buhamya yatanze mu rukiko kuwa 10/03/201544, no ku wa 27/10/201545, avuga ko muri Mata 1994, jenoside itangira Abatutsi bari barahungiye kuri Paruwasi i Kayenzi aho Uwinkindi Jean yayoboraga no kuri Komini Kanzenze. Avuga ko ku itariki ya 08/04/1994 yagiye kuri Komini Kanzenze aho umugore n’abana bari baraye, ko Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera bahamusanze, ababonye yihisha iruhunde rw’amazu ari kuri Komini, ko Uwinkindi yahavugiye ijambo ko „batajya kwica Abatutsi b‟i Kayenzi, abandi bacumbikiwe kuri Komini Kanzenze„, ko Interahamwe zahise zirara muri abo bantu bari kuri Komini zirabica, babata mu byobo biri munsi y‟ibiro bya Komini. Avuga ko muri icyo gitero haguyemo umuryango we, ugizwe n‟umugore we, n‟abana 4 aribo: Tamar, Gaston, Thérèse na Pierre. [53] Umutangabuhamya Kayibanda Isaie, mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 30/03/2000 muri TPIR46 avuga ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean mu gitero yayoboye cyabagabweho kuri Komini Kanzenze ku itariki ya 12/04/1994, avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari yambaye amakoti abiri rimwe ry‟umweru, irindi ry‟umukara, akaba yari yitwaje umupanga n‟icumu, ko yari kumwe na UCB, Burugumesitri Gatanazi Bernard, umucamanza mu rukiko rwa mbere rw‟iremezo witwa Gratien Mwongereza, Gervais Ngombwa, perezida wa MDR, Karerangabo na Christophe Bizimana, umushoferi wa Bapfakurera. Avuga ko hanyuze imodoka zari zitwaye abasirikare b‟abazungu ntizahagarara ku biro bya komini, zirakomeza. Zimaze guhita, akaba aribwo abari kumwe n’Uwinkindi Jean babagabyeho igitero. Avuga ko mu nterahamwe zabateye yamenyemo Wacewaseme na Martin Bakundinkwano, ko haguye abantu babarirwa mu magana, ariko ko abo yamenyemo barimo Rukara na Damascene Ndahiro. 42 Reba impapuro za 480-482 za dosiye yavuye TPIR 43 Reba impapuro za 256-266 za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 44Reba impapuro za 1655-1658 za dosiye y‟urukiko 45 Reba impapuro za 1870-1873 za dosiye y‟urukiko 46 Reba impapuro za 78 1-783 za dosiye yavuye TPIR

[54] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 27/01/2012 mu Bushinjacyaha,47 no mu buhamya yatanze mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/03/201548 no kuwa 22/10/201549, Kayibanda Isaie avuga ko ubwicanyi butangira we n‟umuryango we n‟abandi benshi bahungiye kuri Komini ya Kanzenze. Avuga ko kuwa 11/04/1994, baraye kuri Komini, bukeye nka saa kumi n‟ebyiri zo mu gitondo, babona pasitori Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera bahagaze ku ibaraza rya Komini Kanzeze, aho bari bashize inzoga na fanta, hari n‟intwaro gakondo nyinshi zarimo imihoro, imiheto na nta mpongano. Uwitwa Ngombwa gervais wari umucuruzi i Nyamata, atunda interahamwe inshuro eshatu azizana aho kuri Komini. Uko bahageze, Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera bakabaha icyo kunywa n‟intwaro. Nyuma hahagaze imodoka za MINUAR zihagarara ku muhanda werekeza i Rilima imbere ya Komini, zihita zigenda. [55] Yavuze ko interahamwe zibonye abo bazungu batabitayeho, zegereye Uwinkindi Jean, Ngombwa na Bapfakurera aho bari bahagaze ku rubaraza, bose bahise baza begera aho bari bari, Uwinkindi Jean ahita avuga aya magambo: “Umva ko mwavuze ko Habyarimana n‟apfa impundu zizavuga, ngaho nimuzivuze, uwitwa Ndahiro Damascene amusubiza muri aya magambo: “None nitwe, ejo nimwe. Uwinkinidi ahita abwira umupolisi wa Komini Kanzenze ngo : “murase“ ahita amurasa. Akomeza avuga ko umugore wa Ndahiro witwaga Consalata yabaye nk‟uwegura umugabo we, nawe ahita araswa n‟umupolisi witwa Ntambara. Avuga ko umupolisi witwa Ndagijimana yahise arasa Rukara Laurent, Ntambara nawe ahita arasa umugore wa Rukara Laurent witwaga Uwamariya wari ugiye kwegura umugabo we, ko bahise biruka babakurikiza amasasu, abantu bagenda bapfa imigenda, icyo gihe akaba yarabonaga Uwinkindi Jean yitwaje inkota n‟icumu. [56] Umutangabuhamya CDJ mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 09/09/2010 muri TPIR50 avuga ko hagati ya 11-12/04/1994, Abatutsi benshi b‟i Nyamata n‟abo mu Turere tuhegereye, bahungiye ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze byari mu Mujyi wa Nyamata. Tariki ya 13/04/1994 hagati ya saa sita na saba z‟amanywa, Uwinkindi Jean yageze i Nyamata ari kumwe na Bizimana, Bapfakurera wari umucuruzi i Nyamata, na CCX, bose bakaba bari bitwaje imbunda, Uwinkindi Jean ahamagarira Abahutu kwifatanya nabo mu kugaba i gitero ku mpunzi z‟Abatutsi zari ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze. Abategetsi bari kuri Komini Kanzenze aho igitero cyagabwe, yari Colonnel Munyarugarama, UCB, Bernard Gatanazi, Bizimana, CCX na Uwinkindi Jean. Igitero cyatangiye saa munani kirangira saa kumi ku gicamunsi. Mu rwego rwo guha urugero abakirisito b’aba pentekote, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yararashe Gashumba. [57] Uyu mutangabuhamya kandi ubwo yabazwaga mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 31/01/201251, yavuze ko tariki ya 13/4/1994 igihe cya saa saba n’igice z’amanywa, Mukumira Innocent, Uwinkindi Jean, Karerangabo, CCX, Bapfakurera Evariste, na Rwarakabije Bernard, baje mu Mujyi wa Nyamata, begeranya Abahutu bari muri Nyamata, babasaba kwerekeza kuri Komini, harimo n’abasilikali, bageze kuri Komini Kanzenze bahasanga abandi Bahutu bavuye hirya no hino mu nkengero z’umujyi, bahasanga n’abandi bayobozi barimo Colonnel Munyarugarama wari uyoboye ingabo z’i Gako,UCB, Karerangabo wari wagizwe Assistant Burugumesitiri wa Kanazi, Adjudant en Chef Sebazungu wari uhagarariye Gendarmerie ya Nyamata, ndetse na 47 Reba impapuro za 383-391za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 48 Reba impapuro za 1658-1659, za dosiye y‟urukiko 49 Reba impapuro za 1862-1865, za dosiye y‟urukiko 50 Reba impapuro za 524- 529 za dosiye yavuye muri TPIR 51 Reba impapuro za 274-285 za dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha

Bitibyishyamba Froduard na Ngombwa Gervais bari bahagarariye MDR Power muri Nyamata, na Bernard Gatanazi. [58] Yavuze ko Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, mu izina ry’abayobozi, yabwiye Abahutu bari aho ngo bagote kuri Komini hose ntihagire impunzi n’imwe ibacika. Ubwo bafatanyije n’abapolisi n’abasilikali bahise bagota Komini, abasilikali batangira kurasa Abatutsi, Uwinkindi Jean aravuga ngo reka atange urugero, ahita arasa Gashumba isasu ryo mu gatuza ahita apfa, hicwa abantu benshi, abashoboye kurokoka bahungira muri Kiliziya i Nyamata, bukeye bwaho na bo bicirwayo. Aho kuri Komini Uwinkindi Jean yahavuye ubwicanyi burangiye nka saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, akaba yari yitwaje imbunda ngufi atazi ubwoko bwayo, ifite igiti ku kibuno cyayo. -Imyiregurire n’ibimenyetso bya Uwinkindi Jean. [59] Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze, kuko n‟itariki bwabereyo butayizi, mu gihe buvuga ko ubu bwicanyi bwabaye tariki ya 10/4/1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, ndetse n’inyandikomvugo y’iyi nama bukaba butayigaragaza, cyane ko Uwinkindi Jean aregwa kuba kuri iyi tariki ya 10/4/1994, yari yagabye igitero mu Cyugaro.Umutangabuhamya CDJ avuga ko yagiye mu nama yabereye kuri Komini Kanzenze ku wa 10/4/1994 ku va saa munani kugeza saa kumi n’ebyiri, kandi ko azi Uwinkindi Jean wanamubatije mu bapentekote, nyamara bigaragara mu myirondoro ye ko ari umusilamu. [60] Kayibanda Isaie we akavuga kuri iyi tariki, Uwinkindi Jean yagabye igitero mu bishanga bya Cyugaro ku va saa yine kugeza ku gicamunsi. CDF we akavuga ko kuri iyi tariki, Uwinkindi Jean yagabye igitero i Kayenzi mu Rwankeri saa sita z‟amanywa. Mu gihe CDD we avuga ko kuri iyi tariki, Uwinkindi Jean yari yagabye igitero mu bihuru by‟i Kayenzi, bikaba bitumvikana uburyo Uwinkindi Jean yari kuba hose icyarimwe. Ibyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga bikaba bibeshyuzwa kandi n‟abatangabuhamya babwo barimo Rusatsi, Mukumira na BZI, bemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean nta gitero yagiyemo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [61] Urukiko rurasanga abatangabuhamya b‟Ubushinjacyaha bahuriza ku mvugo yo kuba Uwinkindi Jean yari mu gitero cyishe Abatutsi kuri Komini Kanzenze. Rusanga ariko nubwo bose bavuga ko yari muri icyo gitero, ubuhamya bwabo bugaragaza ukunyuranya mu buryo bukurikira: - Ku bijyanye n‟icyo Uwinkindi Jean yakoze muri iki gitero, Kayibanda Isaie avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean afatanyije na Ngombwa Gervais yatangaga Fanta, inzoga n‟intwaro ku nterahamwe zazinyweraga aho. CDJ we yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yatanze urugero mu kwica Abatutsi arasa uwitwa Gashumba. - Ku bijyanye n‟ijambo Uwinkindi Jean yavuze muri iki gitero ryaba ryarabaye imbarutso y‟ubwicanyi, CDG yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yavuze ko „batajya kwica Abatutsi b‟i Kayenzi abandi bacumbikiwe kuri Komini, nyuma y‟iri jambo interahamwe zikaba zarahise zirara mu Batutsi bari aho zitangira kubica. Kayibanda Isaie we yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yavuze ko: “Umva ko mwavuze ngo Habyarimana n‟apfa impundu zizavuga, nimuzivuze rero“, uwitwa Ndahiro yamushubije avuga ko “uyu munsi nitwe ejo ni mwe“, Uwinkindi Jean ahita ategeka ko

araswa, umupolisi wa Komini waraho ahita amurasa, umugore we witwa Consolata agiye kumwegura, umupolisi witwa Ntambara ahita nawe amurasa, umupolisi witwa Ndagijimana ahita arasa Rukara, umugore we Uwamaliya agiye kumwegura nawe ahita araswa na Ntambara. [62] Rusanga Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza uruhare rwe muri ubu bwicanyi mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuko bitumvikana uburyo abatangabuhamya bari ahantu hamwe, mu gihe kimwe, buri wese yabona cyangwa akumva ibitandukanye n‟ibyo abandi babonye cyangwa bumvise. Bityo rero, nk‟uko biteganywa n‟ingingo ya 165 y‟itegeko nº 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y‟imanza nshinjabyaha iteganya ko “gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa…”,rusanga Uwinkindi ataryozwa ubwicanyi bwo kuri Komini Kanzenze bwo ku itariki ya 12/04/1994, nk’uko n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye, aho rwemeje ko kuba abatangabuhamya bemeza mu buryo butandukanye ibintu bemeza ko baboneye igihe kimwe, bitashingirwaho ngo byemezwe nta shiti ko uregwa ahamwa n‟icyaha aregwa52.Ibyo akaba ari nako umuhanga mu mategeko Marie-Cécile Nagouas-Guerin abivuga asobanura ko kugira ngo uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha, impamvu zishingirwaho zagombye kuba zidashidikanwaho.53 -Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu bishanga bya Cyugaro. [63] Ubushinjacyaha bushinja Uwinkindi Jean kuba tariki ya 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yayo, mu gitondo, yakoranije abari bitabiriye ibitero bitwaje intwaro abapakira imodoka ya Bapfakurera n‟iya UCG, abajyana kugaba ibitero ku basivili b‟Abatutsi bari bihishe mu rufunzo rwo mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro. Uwinkindi Jean, CCX, Nizeye na BZJ bari muri icyo gitero cyahitanye abasivili b’Abatutsi benshi, barimo umugore wa Mukenga, uwa Semabumba n’uwitwa Ruzindana. Uwinkindi Jean akaba ariwe wari uyoboye abagabye icyo gitero. -Ibimenyetso by’ubushinjacyaha. [64] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikimenyetso kigizwe n‟ubuhamya bwa CDI. Ibyo uyu mutangabuhamya yavuze mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 27/10/201554, bisa n‟ibyo yari yavuze mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 17/05/200055, aho yavuze ko batangiye kugabwaho ibitero ku itariki ya 11/04/1994, bahita bahungira mu bishanga bya Kayenzi, ko nyuma bagiye bagabwaho ibitero byinshi. Avuga ko hashize icyumweru yihishe mu rufunzo, bagabweho igitero kirimo Uwinkindi Jean, cyica umugore wa Semabumba witwaga Athanasie hamwe n‟abana be. Avuga ko Interahamwe zitaha, yabonye Uwinkindi Jean aziri inyuma bashoreye umugore wa CDD, n‟undi mugore witwaga Marie Mukarusanga, abo bakaba bariciwe ku rusengero aho babajyanye. [65] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 03/02/2012 mu Bushinjacyaha56 avuga ko nyuma yo gutegwa ku musozi wa Kayenzi, bahise bacika intege, bahungira i Cyugaro ahitwa Kingamo, ibitero byaza 52 Reba urubanza RPAA 0034/10/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 08/11/2013, Ubushinjacyaha c/ Nshimiyimana, urubanza ruri mu cyegeranyo cy‟ibyemezo by‟inkiko , Vol.I . Mutarama 2015.p139 53 Au stade du jugement sur la culpabilité qui doit marquer le point d‟aboutissement de la recherche de la verité, la hauteur des probabilités de culpabilité devrait être assez décisive pour justifier une condamnation…… ”. Marie- Cécile Nagouas-Guerin, Le doute en matière pénale, Thèse de Doctorat en Droit de l‟Université Montesquieu, Bordeaux IV, 2002, éd. Dalloz, para. 19, p. 18. 54 Reba urupapuro rwa 1877 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko. 55 Reba impapuro za 491-495 za dosiye yavuye TPIR 56 Reba urupapuro rwa 336 rwa dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha.

bagahungira mu rufunzo. Avuga ko iyo bitero byabaga bisubiyeyo, basigaraga bavuga ibyababayeho, ko hari abemeza ko babonye pasitori Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero, ndetse akanavuga ko ariwe wagiye ashoreye Marie Mukarusanga na Egidie umugore wa CCD, ko ariko atabibonye, ahubwo yabyumvise, ndetse n’uburyo bishwemo atabumenye. -Imyiregurire n’ibimenyetso bya Uwinkindi Jean. [66] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko atigeze ahiga cyangwa ngo yice Abatutsi mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro. Bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha butazi igihe ibyaha bushinja pasitori Uwinkindi byabereye, kuko kuvuga ku itariki 10 Mata 1994 cyangwa hafi yaho „bidasobanutse„. Bavuga ko ku itariki ya 10/04/1994, pasitori Uwinkindi Jean yagumanye n‟impunzi zari zamuhungiyeho ku rusengero, nk„uko abatangabuhamya b‟Ubushinjacyaha aribo BZI, Mukumira na Rusatsi babivuga.Bavuga ko umutangabuhamya CDD yivugiye ko umugore we yiciwe ku rusengero na CCX, ko rero ataguye mu Cyugaro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [67] Urukiko rusanga nubwo mu iburanisha CDI yabwiye Urukiko ko yiboneye Uwinkindi Jean mu gitero cyabereye mu Cyugaro, mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko ibyo yavuze yabibwiwe n’abo barikumwe atibyiboneye, bituma ubuhamya bwe butashingirwaho mu kugaragaza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu gitero cyabereye mu Cyugaro. [68] Bityo rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 3 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n‟itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko „buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw‟ibyoaburana„, nta kimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze kigaragaza ukuri mu buryo budashidikanywaho ku bikorwa bw‟ubwicanyi Uwinkindi Jean yaba yarakoreye mu Cyugaro, haba ku itariki 10/04/1994 cyangwa ikindi gihe, bityo urukiko rukaba ntaho rwahera rwemeza uruhare rwe mu bwicanyi bwaba bwarakorewe mu Cyugaro. -Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abapentekote rwa Kayenzi. [69] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuva taliki ya 7 Mata kugera hagati muri Gicurasi 1994, Uwinkindi yasabye abantu bo mu bwoko bw‟Abatutsi bari biganjemo abagoren‟abana guhungira ku rusengero rwe. Uwinkindi wari afite umugambi wo kwicisha impunzi z‟Abatutsi, yumvishije abagabo b‟Abatutsi ko batagomba guhungira aho ku rusengero, kugira ngo izo mpunzi z‟abagore n‟abana zitazashobora kwirwanaho igihe zizaba zatewe. Muri icyo gihe cyose, Uwinkindi yemereye Interahamwe zimwe zirimo Semanyenzi, Rusatsi, Ngarukiye, BZJ, Mukumira, Bizimungu, Bapfakurera, Karinganire, n‟abandi bantu batazwi, gushinga ibirindiro mu mbuga y‟Urusengero rw„abapentekote rw‟i Kayenzi no hafi yarwo. [70] Bukomeza buvuga ko incuro nyinshi kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kugera hagati muri Gicurasi 1994, Interahamwe zirimo Semanyenzi, Rusatsi, Ngarukiye, BZJ, Mukumira, UCC, Bapfakurera na Karinganire, zifashishijwe n„abandi bantu batazwi, zavanye abagore n‟abana b„Abatutsi mu rusengero ku gahato, zibicira ahantu hitwaga CND hafi y‟Urusengero rw„abapentekote rw‟i Kayenzi, n„ahandi hantu hatazwi hafi y„uru rusengero. Incuro nyinshi Uwinkindi yagenzuye abakoze ibyo byaha, abaha amabwiriza kandi abatera umuhate. Mu bindi

bihe yateshutse ku nshingano ze zo gufata ingamba zo kurengera abakorewe ibyaha kandi yari abifitiye ubushobozi. [71] Buvuga kandi ko ku itariki ya 14 Mata cyangwa hafi yayo, Uwinkindi na BZI bahatiye abasiviri b‟Abatutsi bagera kuri 130, bari bahungiye kwa Banguka no kwa Bikorimana muri Komini Kanzenze, kujya ku rusengero rw‟abapentekote rw‟i Kayenzi, bagenda n‟amaguru. Bitegetswe na Uwinkindi UCF, CCX, n‟abandi bantu, bishe abasiviri b‟Abatutsi bakoresheje imbunda n‟imipanga, babicira hafi y‟Urusengero rw‟abapentekote rw‟i Kayenzi. Mu basivili b‟Abatutsi bishwe muri ibi bitero harimo Mugorewera, Daphrose na Prisca Mukarwego. Uwinkindi Jean akaba ariwe wari uyoboye iki gitero. -Ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha. [72] Ubushinjacyaha bushingira ku bimenyetso bigizwe n‟ubuhamya bwa BZI, BZJ, CDA,CDL na CCX. [73] Mu ibazwa rya BZI ryo kuwa 16/09/2010 muri TPIR57, avuga ko ku itariki atibuka neza nyuma y‟urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana, Burugumesitri Gatanazi yakoresheje inama kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, pasitori Uwinkindi Jean akaba yari ahari. Avuga kowe yari responsabule wa selire, kandi ko iyo nama yitabiriwe n‟abandi bantu benshi.Avuga ko Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yabatonganije, ababaza impamvu badatangira gukora. Avuga ko kuri uwo munsi nyuma y’iyo nama hashwizeho “komite y‟umutekano“ iyobowe na Uwinkindi, ko yamusabye nka responsabule wa serire, kumuherekeza ku biro bya Komine Kanzenze gusaba abantu bo gutera inkunga mu gucunga umutekano wa Paruwasi, ko bajyanye na Bapfakurera, Mukumira Innocent, Damascene Karinganire na Bernard Banguka. Avuga ko yumvaga ko bagiye gushaka abantu bo gufasha mu gucunga umutekano w‟abaturage. Avuga ko Burugumesitiri yabahaye abajandarume babiri n‟abapolisi ba Komini batatu. Avuga ko ubwicanyi bumaze gushyirwa kuri gahunda no kuba rusange, kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi hahungiye abantu bagera nko ku ijana, abandi bakomeza berekeza i Ntarama na Cyugaro. [74] Yavuze kandi ko muri Mata ku itariki atibuka neza, yabonye igitero kiyobowe na UCF (wari ufite imbunda) giturutse i Musenyi, cyagabwe ku Batutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi y’i Kayenzi, ko hishwe impunzi zigera ku ijana. Asobanura ko aho yari iwe, yakurikiranaga ibyabaga kuri Paruwasi byose cyane ko hagati y’iwe n‟Urusengero nta shyamba, nta rukuta cyangwa indi nzintizi kamere yamubuzaga kureba ibibera kuri Paruwasi. Avuga ko nyuma y‟ubwo bwicanyi imirambo yashyinguwe mu byobo bya rusange. [75] BZI avuga na none ko mu kigo cya Paruwasi n‟iruhande rwacyo, hari hakambitse abicanyi babiherewe uruhushya kandi bashyigikiwe na pasitori Uwinkindi Jean, ko ibitero byose byagabwaga muri Segiteri ya Ntarama n‟iya Kanzenze byaturukaga muri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, Uwinkindi Jean azi neza ibyo bagiye gukora, nyuma y‟ibitero, ababigabye bakaba baratahukanaga inka z‟Abatutsi bakazibaga, bakarya inyama. [76] Avuga kandi ko mu gihe kimwe muri mata 1994, agatsiko k’Uwinkindi kamukangishije kumwica, ubwo yari agiye gukiza Abatutsi Banguka yari yafashe bahunga, akabafungirana iwe 57 Reba impapuro za 630-634 za dosiye yavuye TPIR.

afite umugambi wo kubica bose. Avuga ko yashoboye kurokora abitwa Marie-Claire Uwamurera, Serafina Mukamuganga, Marie n‟umuhungu we, na Claude Nshimirimana. [77] Ikindi avuga n‟uko ku itariki atibuka neza, umututsi witwa Haguma ukomoka kuri Segiteri ya Musenyi, yahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi mu nzu y‟akazi Uwinkindi Jean yabagamo. Uwinkindi abimenye, yitabaje umupolisi witwa Ntambara wari ufite imbunda kugira ngo amusohore mu nzu ye ku ngufu, kuko uwo mututsi yari yifungiranyemo adashaka gusohoka, ko uwo mu polisi yarashe, Haguma abonye ko ayo masasu ashobora kumufata, anyura muri rimwe mu madirishya y’iyo nzu kugira ngo ahunge. Akomeza avuga ko hari ikivunge cy‟Abahutu cyari cyahururiye aho, kiramufata kimwicira mu maso ya Uwinkindi, ntiyagira icyo akora ngo ababuze kwica uwo muntu, akaba yemeza ko atigeze abona Uwinkindi jean yica umuntu ubwe, ariko ko ariwe wayoboraga akanahagararira ibitero mu karere k‟iwabo, ari nawe wazanye abasirikare batije umurindi Abahutu mu bitero bagabye i Ntarama. [78] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 25/01/2012 mu Bushinjacyaha58 BZI yongeyeho ibinyanyen‟iyicwa ry‟umusore witwa Emile w’i Kanazi, wari uje yiruka agana ku rusengero, yicwa n’interahamwe zari aho ku rusengero, zimwicira mu kibuga cy’Urusengero. Ikindi akaba ari uko abantu Banguka Bernard yari yafungiranye mu nzu ya Bikerimana bishwe n’abajandarume Uwinkindi I Jean yari avuye gusaba kuri Komini Kanzenze, mu bishwe akaba yaramenyemo abana bane bari bavuye kwa Paul Kamanzi, harimo babiri be, na babiri ba mukuru we, muramu wa Pasitori Rurangirwa atashoboye kumenya izina, n‟abandi bantu benshi. Ikindi yavuze yibuka, akaba ari uko Uwinkindi Jean yategetse ko hatangwa imisanzu yo gutunga abajandarume n‟abapolisi, hatangwa ibintu birimo amafaranga, ibitoki n‟inkoko byakirwaga na Mukumira. [79] Mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 4/3/201559, BZI yanavuze ko hari n’abandi bagore batatu bishwe na UCF bavanywe mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean aho bari bahungiye, ari bo umugore wa Kamanzi, Mukarwego wari umuvugabutumwa, Daphrose Mukawera. Uwinkindi akaba ariwe wabahambishije. Avuga ko hari n’abandi bagore bishwe na CCX, abo bakaba bararashwe Uwinkindi Jean areba. Ikindi n‟uko abo bantu baje kwica abo bagore, ari Uwinkindi Jean wari wabatabaje, kuko ari we gusa wayoboraga ku rusengero. [80] Umutangabuhamya BZJ mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 15/09/201060, yavuze ko kuwa 7/4/1994 hagati ya saa saba na saa munani z’amanywa, batumiwe mu nama na Pasitori U Uwinkindi Jean, inama yari iyobowe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kanzenze, aho uyu yahamagariye kandi agashishikariza Abahutu kwica Abatutsi. Uwinkindi wari uhari ntacyo yavuze, mu byakurikiyeho bikomotse kuri iyo nama, mu ma saa kumi umushoferi wa taxi witwa Emile yishwe n’agatsiko kayobowe na Banguka, kari kavuye muri iyo nama. Uwo mugoroba undi mututsi witwaga Paul Kamanzi yishwe na Deo Ntanganzwa na Munyanziza Bosco b’Abahutu. Hanashizweho „komite y‟umutekano„ Uwinkindi Jean agirwa perezida wayo. [81] Uyu mutangabuhamya akomeza avuga ko impunzi zo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi zatangiye kugera ku rusengero ku ya 7/4/1994. Muri icyo gihe, Abahutu nabo barahaje kugira ngo bahashyire inkambi y‟abicanyi. Aho akaba ariho ibitero byose byagabwaga ku masegiteri ya Cyugaro, Ntarama, no mu duce twegereye aho byahagurukiraga. Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean akaba ari we 58 Reba impapuro za 298-312 za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 59 Reba urupapuro rwa 1613 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko. 60 Reba impapuro za 650 - 652 rwa dosiye ya TPIR.

wahaye abo bicanyi uburenganzira bwo kuguma aho ahantu. Kuba bari aho, akaba ari byo byatumye abakoresha mu bitero. Ikindi gitero yiboneye kuva gitangira kugera kirangira, cyaturutse i Musenyi kiyobowe na UCF, kigabwa ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi, hagati ya saa tatu na saa yine za mu gitondo, akaba yarabibonye ari kuri bariyeri y‟i Rwankeri, iki gitero kikaba cyaraguyemo abagore barenga ijana (100), Uwinkindi Jean wari ahari, akaba nta cyo yigeze akora ngo abuze icyo gitero kwicira impunzi z’Abatutsi ku rusengero rwe. [82] BZJ akomeza avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean agomba kubazwa urupfu rw’umututsi witwa Haguma wahungiye ku icumbi ry’akazi ke riri ku rusengero, kuko amaze kumenya kuari mu rugo rwe, yamusabye gusohoka. Ariko kubera ko uwo Haguma atashakagagusohoka, yahisemo kwikingiranamo afunga inzugi n‟amadirishya. Kugira ngo amusohore ku ngufu, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yarahamagaye umupolisi wa Komini witwa Ntambara. Uyu ahageze yarashe amasasu atatu mu nzu, Haguma ahita asohoka yicwa n‟imbaga y‟Abahutu bari bahururiye aho. Ibi ni nako yabivuze kuwa 2/1/2012 abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha61. [83] Mu ibazwa rya BZJ mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 3/3/201562, n’iryo ku wa 15/10/201563, yongeyeho ko yari mu nama ya komite y‟umutekano, yari iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean yaberaga mu nzu ya „Compassion„ ya Kayenzi, ari naho Uwinkindi Jean yari afite biro, bakaba barahuraga bugorobye bakaganira. Avuga ko hari inama bakoze, Uwinkindi Jean akagaragaza ko hari ikibazo cy‟intege nkeya, abandi bari muri komite bagaragaza ko nta bushobozi bafite, Uwinkindi Jean afata icyemezo cyo kwitabaza ingufu za gisirikare. [84] Avuga ko i Kayenzi abantu bose (Abahutu n’Abatutsi) bahungiye ku rusengero kuko bari bazi ko ntacyo bazaba, kandi ko nta kibazo bari bafite. Ariko hakaba harabayeho kuvangura, Uwinkindi Jean ashyira abagore b’Abatutsikazi ukwabo, avuga ko urugamba rwica umugore rudatsinda, ko babareka bakajya kwica ahandi. Abatutsi bari bari aho ku rusengero baje gupfa nyuma, abandi nabo bajya kwicirwa ahandi. [85] Yavuze kandi ko nyuma y’iyicwa rya Paul Kamanzi, Abatutsi bamaze kubibona, baje barakaye, Uwinkindi Jean abonye basesekaye ku rusengero, atangira gushorera abantu mu bitero afite inkoni, abaherekeza kugera ahantu hiciwe Bandora. Avuga ko ibindi bitero Uwinkindi Jean atabigiyemo, ahubwo ko yatangaga amabwiriza ari ku rusengero, akabaherekeza, yamara kubarenza imbago z’urusengero, agasubira mu gipango. [86] Ikindi yavuze n’uko Uwinkindi Jean ariwe wagenaga imibereho y’abicanyi bari bakambitse ku rusengero, kuko ariwe wategekaga ko inka zasahuwe, zibagwa kandi zikaribwa n‟abagiye mu bitero gusa. Akaba yaranategetse ko abaturage bakwa umusanzu w‟amafaranga mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abanjadarume gukomeza kubafasha kwica Abatutsi. [87] Umutangabuhamya CDA mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 11/4/200264, avuga ko yahungiye ku rusengero rw‟i Kayenzi kuko babikanguriwe n‟umucuruzi witwa Bapfakurera, wohereje intumwa zibabwira ko Abahutu bagomba kujya ku rusengero kugira ngo batabona uko bahisha abatutsi, kandi ko abatari kubumvira bari gufatwa nk’ibyitso byabo. Akomeza avuga ko yageze ku 61 Reba impapuro za 313 - 326 za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha 62 Reba impapuro za 1602 - 1609 za dosiye y‟urukiko 63 Reba urupapuro rwa 1834 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko. 64 Reba impapuro za 510 - 511 za dosiye ya TPIR

rusengero ahasanga Uwinkindi Jean afite icumu, umuheton‟imyambi. Avuga ko umunsi wakurikiyeho uwo bagereyeho ku rusengero, bategetswena Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera kujya mu nama yabereye hafi y‟umuhanda ujya i Kigali, iyo nama ikaba yari iyobowe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi. Muri iyo nama Burugusmesitiri yategetse abagabo bari aho kujya kwica Abatutsi bari bateraniye i Ntarama, kuko batabishe aribo bazabica. Mu byumweru bibiri yamaze ku rusengero, incuro nyinshi yabonye Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera bategeka abantu kujya guhiga Abatutsi bihishe mu mashyamba, akaba ari nabo bicaga bagakiza aho ku rusengero. [88] Yavuze kandi ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera bakorana inama n‟abantu bitaga ‟power„, nubwo atari yemerewe kuzijyamo, kuko kenshi zabaga nijoro, zikaba mu biro bimwe by‟amazu ya “Compassion“ yari afatanye n‟inzu ya Uwinkindi Jean. Avuga ko nyuma y‟izo nama, abo bantu b‟agatsiko ka ‟power„ bazaga gutoranya abantu mu mpunzi, abo batoranyije bakabajyana kubicira ahantu bitaga kuri CND, aba bantu bakaba baricwaga areba, kuko itsinda ry‟impunzi yari arimo bakurikiraga ako gatsiko kakica bahari. Mu bo yibuka bishwe areba, harimo Mugorewera Christine na Daphrose w‟i Gitarama, ariko akaba atarigeze abona Uwinkindi Jean yica umuntu. [89] Mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 02/02/2012 mu bushinjacyaha65, CDA yongeyeho ko hari abantu barenga 150 biciwe ku rusengero, bari bahahungiye bazi ko bizamera nk‟ibyo muri 1992, ariko bahageze, barabavangura, Abahutu bashyirwa ukwabo, n‟Abatutsi ukwabo. Abatutsi babashyira mu Kigarama hirya y‟inzu ya Uwinkindi Jean, babashyiraho abantu bo kubacunga, kubavomera no kubatekera, Uwinkindi ean avuga ko „uguhungiyeho aba atari umwanzi„, akabwira abashaka kubica kujya mu bitero ahandi, ariko bakareka abo bagore n‟abana, avuga ko intambara yica abagore n‟abana idatsinda. Avuga ko Abahutu bari aho wabonaga nta kibazo bafite kuri abo Batutsi kuko Uwinkindi Jean yari yababujije kugira icyo babatwara, inama yo kubica ikaba ishobora kuba yarakozwe n„ijoro mu biro bya Uwinkindi Jean irimo abajandarume, abasirikare, abapolisi n‟ibyegera bya Uwinkindi Jean, aribyo Mukumira, Azera, Karinganire na Banguka, ko atari buri wese wajyaga muri iyo nama, kuko yatangiraga saa tatu z‟ijoro, ikarangira nka saa tanu, ikaba yarabaga buri munsi. Imodoka ya Komini Kanzenze n‟iya Bapfakurera, akaba ari zo zazanaga abapolisi n‟abasirikare muri izo nama. [90] Yavuze kandi ko abapolisi bo babaga aho bavuga ko bacunze umutekano, umwe muri bo akaba yaritwaga Ntambara. Avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean, Mukumira, Azera, Karinganire na Banguka aribo batanze itegeko ryo gutandukanya abantu, mbere y’uko batandukanya Abahutu n‟Abatutsi, hari abandi bantu bari bariciwe mu nzu ya Banguka, muri abo, yabashije kumenya uwitwa Mupfasoni wo kwa Ruterana, n’abana b’abahungu babiri ba Paul Kamanzi. [91] CDA yakomeje avuga ko buri gitondo iyo babaga bamaze kubara abantu, yiyumviye kenshi Uwinkindi Jean abwira abantu ngo bajye kwica Abatutsi, batibanze ku kubasahura gusa, kuko ibyo basahuye batabibatungana. Uwinkindi akabacamo ibice, bamwe akaberekeza mu bice byo kwa Sayinzoga i Kayumba, abandi bakerekeza Nyiramatuntu. Iyo batahaga, basangaga batekewe, ibyo basahuye bakabishyira mu biro bya Uwinkindi Jean cyangwa mu biro bya „Compassion„, Rusatsi akaba ariwe wari ushinzwe kubagisha inka no gutekera abagiye mu bitero.CDA avuga ko yari mu bashinzwe gutunda inkwi zo gutekera abagiye kwica. 65 Reba urupapuro za 232 a - 247a, za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha

[92] Yavuze ko hari abantu biciwe ku rusengero, haruguru n‟imbere yarwo, aho bitaga kuri CND. Avuga ko mu Rwanza aho kuri CND, bahiciye Kantarama Speciose n‟abana be batatu bishwe na Banguka na Yuda, ndetse na Rutabagisha wishwe na Banguka. Avuga ko na Haguma bamuvanye mu nzu yari yihishemo yo kwa Uwinkindi Jean bamwirukaho, bamwicira mu Rwanza. Undi yibuka ni Uzanyinzoga Thérèse wishwe na CCX amurasiye imbere y‟Urusengero, ariko mu gihe atarahwana, Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko batamwiciraho, ko bajya kumwicira hirya, bahita bamushyira ku ngorofani bamujyana mu Kigarama imbere yo kwa Mukumira, aho bamwicanye n‟abandi bagorebabiri b‟i Kayumba ndetse n‟umugore wa CDD. [93] CDA yavuze na none ko nta muntu wishwe batabanje kubaza Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera, kuko hari n„abo Uwinkindi Jean yahagezeho ntibicwa, nk‟umugore wa pasitori Rurangigwa, n‟abakobwa batatu ba Gaturusu aribo Uwera, CDL na Elina. [94] Umutangabuhamya CCX mu ibazwa rye ryo kuwa 20/04/2000 muri TPIR66, yavuze komu ntangiriro z‟ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, yari i Kayenzi ashaka abisengeneza be barimu rusengero, abonana na Uwinkindi Jean ashaka kumusaba uruhusha rwo kwinjira mu rusengero, mbere yo kumureka ngo yinjire mu rusengero yamusabye kwitonda kuko hashobora kuba hari abatasi bihishe mu mpunzi. Abari mu rusengero CCX yabatse indangamuntu zabo, abagore batatu batari bazifite abicisha n‟imbunda ye, abicira hagati y‟inzu ya pasitori n‟urusungero. Avuga ko yaje kumenya ko umwe muri abo bagore yari umugore wa Ngirente. Akomeza avuga ko umusirikare wo mu ngabo za ex-FAR wari aho ngaho yaje kumufata amwambura imbunda, amubaza impamvu yishe abo bagore, nawe amusubiza amubaza impamvu abandi bo bapfuye. Uyu musirikare akaba yaramugumanye kugeza ubwo Uwinkindi Jean asohotse mu nzu ye, agategeka uwo musirikare kumurekura kuko yari yakurikije amategeko ye, kuko ariwe wari ushinzwe Urusengero rw‟i Kayenzi. Ibi ni nako yabivuze tariki ya 19/04/2012 abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha67, na tariki ya 10/03/2015 mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko. 68 -Imyiregurire n’ibimenyetso bya Uwinkindi Jean. [95] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu kwica Abatutsiku rusengero rw‟Abapentekoti rw‟i Kayenzi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata kugera muri Gicurasi1994, kuko kuvuga tariki ya 7 Mata kugera muri Gicurasi 1994 bidasobanutse, mu gihe nta gihe gifatika kigaragazwa. Bavuga ko ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, nta mpunzi zari ku rusengero rwa Pentekoti rw‟i Kayenzi, ahubwo zahageze tariki ya 8 Mata 1994, ko rero Interahamwe zitari kuza gukura impunzi ku rusengero rw‟i Kayenzi zitarahagera. Bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha buterekana urugo Pasiteri Uwinkindi Jean yagiyemo gusaba abagore n‟abana guhungira ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rw‟i Kayenzi. [96] Bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha budasobanura uburyo burega Uwinkindi Jean jenoside y‟Abatutsi ku ruhande rumwe, ku rundi ruhande bukamushinja kuba yarasabyeabagabo b‟Abatutsi kwigendera ntibajye ku rusengero, kandi bwemeza ko yariyahacumbikiye interahamwe zo kwica Abatutsi. Bavuga kandi ko nta nterahamwe Uwinkindi Jean yemereye gushinga ibirindiro ku rusengero, ko abantu umunani bavugwa n‟Ubushinjacyaha aribo Semanyenzi, Rusatsi, BZJ, Mukumira, Bizimungu, Bapfakurera, Karinganire na Ngarukiye bose babaga mu ngo zabo, 66 Reba impapuro za 726 -730 za dosiye yavuye TPIR. 67 Reba impapuro za 392- 405 za dosiye y‟Ubushinjacyaha. 68 Reba impapuro za 1651-1652 za dosiye y‟urukiko.

iz‟inshuti z‟abo cyangwa za bene wabo. Ikindi bavuga n‟uko Ubushinjacyaha butavuga abagore n‟abana bakuwe ku rusengero bakajya kwicirwa kuri CND abo aribo, umwirondoro wabo cyangwa se amazina yabo. Akaba ariyo mpamvu basanga Uwinkindi Jean atagomba kubyisobanuraho kuko atabibwiwe n‟Ubushinjacyaha. [97] Bavuga kandi ko nta nyandikomvugo y’inama yerekana ishyirwaho rya‚komite y‟umutekano„, kandi nka pasitori akaba atari gushingwa komite y‟umutekano, kuko iby‟umutekano byari mu nshingano za Burugumestiri n‟abafasha be, akaba atari umwe muri bo, ibyo bakabishingira ku ngingo za 100, 104, 105, 108 na 109 z‟itegeko ryo kuwa 23/11/1963 rigenga za komini. [98] Bavuga na none ko Ubushinjacyaha buterekana uburyo pasitori aha amabwiriza abantu adashinzwe kuyobora, usibye ko nta hantu bugaragaza ayo mabawiza yahaye abantu, kandi akaba nta nubwo bwerekana uburyo yari gutera umuhate abantu adashinzwe kuyobora. Bavuga ko pasitori Uwinkindi Jean atari we wari ufite ishingano zo gufata, no kurengera abakorewe ibyaha, izo akaba ari inshingano z‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano nk‟abapolisi n‟abajandarume, kandi ko mu bakorewe ibyaha nawe arimo. Bavuga ko ububasha yari afite bwari ubwo gutabaza inzego zishinzwe umutekano kandi ko yabikoze, kuko yiyambaje inzego za Komini nyamara ntizagira icyo zimumarira. [99] Ku bijyanye n‟ibyavuzwe n‟abantabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha, Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko batemera ibyavuzwe n‟abo batangabuhamya kubera impamvu zikurikira: - Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na BZI, mu rukiko yemeje nta shiti ko nta bantu azi Uwinkindi Jean yishe, kuko yamuyoboye mu nzego za Leta (yari Responsabule), anatuye iruhande rw‟Urusengero Uwinkindi Jean yayoboraga; yivugiye imbere y‟urukiko ko ku mugoroba aribwo abasirikare baje bica Paul Kamanzi bafatanyije n‟Interahamwe, banarya n‟inka ze, ari nabwo abantu bahungiye mu rusengero. Yakomeje avuga ko bidatinze haje igitero kivuye i Musenyi cyica abantu kibamaraho, ndetse n‟abari mu rusengero bose, hapfamo Mukarwego, Daphroza, umugore wa Paul Kamanzi, Uwinkindi akaba nta muntu yishe. - Ku bijyanye n‟ubuhamya bwa BZJ, icyo yavuze n‟uko Uwinkindi Jean yareberaga abantu bapfa akaba kandi yaratangaga amabwiriza, abicanyi bagenda akabageza ku muryango w‟urusengero akagaruka, aha yemeje imbere y‟urukiko ko nta muntu Uwinkindi Jean yishe. Ibijyanye no kureberera abihurizaho na CCZ, aho yavugiye mu bushinjacyaha ko mu bitero bibiri yabonyemo Uwinkindi Jean, yari yitwaje imbunda ariko ko ntawe yayicishije, nk‟uko Kayibanda Isaie na CDL babivuga ku mpapuro za 429-436. Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba hari abantu azi Uwinkindi Jean yaba yarishe, yasubije ko yageze ku rusengero baramaze kwica abantu kandi ko atashoboye kumenya ababishe. - Umutangabuhamya CDA yavuze ko ku rusengero hishwe abantu benshi, kuko hari umunsi hishwe abarenga 150, bishwe n‟igitero kivuye Musenyi kiyobowe na UCF na

CCX. Agakomeza avuga ko Abatutsi n‟Abahutu bari babavanguye, Abatutsi bashyirwa mu Kigarama hirya y‟inzu ya Uwinkindi Jean, ndetse Uwinkindi Jean ashyiraho abantu bo kubavomera amazi bakanabatekera, kuko Uwinkindi Jean yavugaga ko uguhungiyeho ataba ari umwanzi, ahubwo ababwira kujya bajya mu bitero ahandi. Iyi mvugo y‟umutangabuhamya w‟Ubushinjacyaha isobanura neza ko nta bitero Uwinkindi Jean yagiyemo ndetse nta n‟umuntu yishe, ahubwo yafashe neza abamuhungiyeho; [100] Ku bijyanye n‟ibyabereye ku rusengero rw‟abapentekoti b‟I Kayenzi hagati ya 07/04/1994 na Gicurasi 1994, hari abatangabuhamya bashinjura Uwinkindi Jeanbavuze ibikurikira: - Umutangabuhamya UCB mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 28/10/201569, avuga ko yari asanzwe azi Uwinkindi Jean ariko ko batahuraga cyane, bakaba barigeze guhura mu nama iharanira amajyambere ya Komini. Avuga ko nubwo atashoboraga guhuruza abasirikare ariko ko yashoboraga kujya kwa Burugumesitiri kumusaba umupolisi kumucungira umutekano. - Umutangabuhamya UCD mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 28/10/201570, avuga ko yemera koku rusengero rw‟Abapentekote b‟i Kayenzi yahakoreye ibyaha hagati y‟itariki ya 11-14/04/1994, ko atigeze abona Uwinkindi Jean mu nama cyangwa yica umuntu.Avuga ko yageze ku rusengero ahahungiye nk‟uko hari n‟indi miryango yahahungiye.Avuga ko aho ku rusengero we atabaga muri burende, ko yabaga mu mazu ashobora kuba yari amazu y‟amashuli kandi ko bamwitaga ‟Yuda„. Yemera ko aho ku rusengero yishe Abatutsi, akaba anemera ko yari mu bishe Haguma ubwo umupolisi witwaga Ntambara yarashe mu nzu Haguma yahungiyemo, undi agasohoka yirukanka afite umuheto n‟imyambi. Undi yemera ko yishe akaba uwitwa Michel. Ikindi avuga n‟uko yajyaga ajya mu bitero bari kumwe n‟abasirikare bahagurukiye ku rusengero. - Umutangabuhamya UCE mu iburanisha ryo kwa 28/10/2015 , avuga ko yari atuye hafi 71 y‟urusengero, akaba yarabonye UCD yica umuntu ku rusengero, ndetse abona n‟igitero cyishe abantu ku rusengero kivuye i Musenyi kuko baciye i ruhande rwaho atuye, ariko ko Uwinkindi Jean nta bitero yamubonyemo. - Umutangabuhamya UCF uvuga ko yari umusirikali wasezerewe mu mwaka wa 1986.Muiburanisha ryo kwa 28/10/201572, yavuze ko ku wa 10/04/1994 mu gitondo, ari mu gitero cyari kivuye i Musenyi kigiye i Cyugaro, yaciye ku rusengero, asanga Uwinkindi Jean abwira abantu ngo‚ bakureho imirambo y‟abantu batatu bari bishwe„. Bamwe muri bo bafashije Uwinkindi Jean guterura imirambo, abandi bagakomeza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA 69 Reba urupapuro rwa 1910 rwa dosiye y‟urukiko 70 Reba impapuro za1922-1928 za dosiye y‟urukiko Reba impapuro za 1929-1933 za dosiye y‟urukiko. 71 72 Reba impapuro za 1934-1938 za dosiye y‟urukiko.

[101] Urukiko rurasanga abatangubumya b‟Ubushinjacyaha BZI, BZJ na CDA bemeza ko ku matariki ya 07-08/04/1994, hari impunzi z’Abahutu n’iz’Abatutsi zahungiye ku rusengero, iz’Abahutu zibihatiwe na Bapfakurera wari mu itsinda rya Uwinkindi Jean mu rwego rwo kubabuza kugira Abatutsi bahisha mu ngo zabo, kandi baje gukoreshwa mu bwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu nkegero zarwo. Mu gihe impunzi z’Abatutsi zo zahahungiye zizeye kuharokokera nk‟uko byagenze muri 1992. Ibyo bikanavugwa na none n’umutangabuhamya ushinjura Uwinkindi Jean ariwe UCD. Bityo kuba abatangabuhamya bo ku ruhande rushinja n‟uwo ku ruhande rushinjura bose babihurizaho kandi bakabisobanura mu buryo bwumvikana, rusanga ibikubiye mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bigaragaza ukuri ku byabaye. [102] Rusanga Uwinkindi Jean yemera ko hari abamuhungiyeho, agahakana ko nta nkambi y‟abicanyi yabaye ku rusengero, ko n’abahiciwe bishwe n’ibitero bivuye ahandi, atari afite ububasha bwo guhagarika. Ariko uretse kubivuga, nta kimenyetso abitangira kivuguruza ubuhamya bwatanzwe n‟abavuzwe haruguru bari bahahungiye, ndetse n‟abo bafatanyije ibyo bikorwa by‟ubwicanyi, bityo rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y'itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso n‟itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko „buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw‟ibyo aburana‟, rusanga imyiregurire ye nta shingiro ifite. [103] Rusanga ku bijyanye n’icyiswe „komite y‟umutekano„ ubuhamya bwa BZI, BZJ na CDA bufite ireme kandi buhuye, kuko busobanura mu buryo bwumvikana uburyo iyi komite yashyizweho nyuma y’inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, ikaba yarayoborwaga na Uwinkindi Jean afashijwe na Bapfakurera, BZJ, Mukumira, Banguka, Rutsatsi, n’abandi. Iyi komite ikaba yarakoraga inama buri joro, muri izo nama akaba ariho hafatiwe ibyemezo byo kwica Abatutsi, yaba mu bwicanyi bwakorewe ku rusengero, yaba no mu bitero byagabwe mu nkengero zarwo, bityo ubu buhamya bukaba bukwiye kwemerwa. [104] Rusanga ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bijyanye n‟uko nta nyandiko- mvugo y‟inama y‟umutekano igaragazwa, nta shingiro bifite, kuko inyandikomvugo atari cyo kimenyetso cyonyinye gishobora kugaragaza ko habayeho komite y‟umutekano, cyane ko mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n‟ibyemejwe n‟amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye73. [105] Rusanga ku bijyanye n‟uko Uwinkindi Jean ariwe wari ufite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo ku byerekeye ubuzima bw‟abantu bari aho ku rusengero, yaba Abatutsi cyangwa Abahutu, n‟ubwo gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica cyangwa gukiza, no kugena ukuntu n‟ahantu abishwe bahambwa, abatangabuhamya CDA, BZJ, CCX n’Uwera Clarisse babisobanura mu buryo bukurikira: - Kuba mu minsi ya mbere Uwinkindi Jean yarategetse ko Abatutsi bari hagati Y’ijana n‟ijana na mirongo itanu, bahungiye ku rusengero, barindirwa umutekano, bagaburirwa bavomererwa, ntibicwe bigakorwa, kugeza igihe atangiye itegeko ko bicwa; - Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yarategetse ko Haguma wari wabashije guhungira mu nzu iwe, asohorwa ku ngufu akicwa, bikubahirizwa; 73 Ingingo ya 119 y‟itegeko № 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n‟itangwa ryabyo.

- Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yaremereye CCX wari witwaje imbunda, kwinjira mu rusengero rurimo Abatutsi bahigwaga, agasohora abagore batatu barimo uwitwa Uzanyinzoga yarasiye imbere y‟Urusengero, bagenzi be bo bakajyanwa kwicirwa mu Kigarama bitegetswe na Uwinkindi Jean. - Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yarabujije umusirikali kugira icyo aryoza CCX yarafashe amubaza impamvu yishe aba bagore batatu, umusirikari akamwumvira. - Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yaratanze amabwiriza y‟uburyo abajyaga mu bitero batekerwa, ndetse by‟umwihariko bakabagirwa kandi bakarya bonyine inka babaga basahuye Abatutsi. [106] Rusanga rero ibivugwa n‟aba batangabuhamya bijyanye n’ububasha Uwinkindi yari afite ku buzima bw‟abari ku rusengero yaba Abatutsi cyangwa Abahutu, bifite ireme, kandi bigaragaza mu buryo budashidikanwaho ko ibyo bavuga byabayeho, bikwiye kwemerwa. Bityo, ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko nka Pasitori, nta bubasha ahabwa n‟amategeko yari afite bwo gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica cyangwa gukiza nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu buhamya bwatanzwe na BZI, BZJ, CDA, UCD na CCX, bigaragara ko ubu bubasha yabugize mu kwezi kwa Mata n‟ukwa Gicurasi 1994, kandi uretse kubihakana, Uwinkindi Jean nta kimenyetso atanga kibuvuguruza. [107] Rusanga ku bijyanye n‟ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ku nzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano (abasirikare, abajandarume n‟abapolisi), abatangabuhamyabwa BZI, BZJ, CDA, CCX na UCD bahamya ibi bikurikira: - Kuba kenshi mu ijoro, abasirikare, abajandarume n‟abapolisi baritabiraga inama za komite y‟umutekano zabaga ziyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean. - Kuba ariwe wagenaga aho izi nzego z‟umutekano zunganira mu bitero byagabwaga ku Batutsi mu nkengero z‟Urusengero. - Kuba yarategetse umupolisi witwa Ntambara kurasa mu nzu kugira ngo umututsi Haguma wari wihishe mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean asohoke, bigakorwa. - Kuba yarabujije umusirikali kuryoza CCX ubwicanyi yari amaze gukorera bamwe mu Batutsi bari mu rusengero, bikubahirizwa. [108] Rusanga nubwo mu myiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko ntaho yari kuvana ububasha bwo gutegeka inzego z‟umutekano, ubuhamya bwavuzwe haruguru bugaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko mu kwezi kwa Mata n‟ukwa Gicurasi 1994, yitwaye nk’umuyobozi w‟abari bashinzwe umutekano (abasirikare, abajandarume n‟abapolisi), ibyo bikaba bigaragarira mu kuba yarabahaga amabwiriza na bo bakayubahiriza nk‟uko byagaragajwe hejuru. Rusanga rero nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ubu buhamya Uwinkindi Jean yatanze, uretse kuvuga ko bidashoboka, bityo ibivugwa n‟abatangabuhamya bikaba bifatwa nk‟ukuri. [109] Urukiko rusanga nyuma yo gusuzuma ibikorwa byose Ubushinjacyaha burega Uwinkindi Jean kuba yarakoze, guhera ya tariki 07/04/1994 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1994 ahantu hatandukanye, ibyo yagizemo uruhare mu buryo budashidikanywaho ari ibikurikira:

- Kuba mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhingiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye; - Kwitabira inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yavuyemo mu gushyiraho icyiswe “komite y‟Umutekano“ no kuyiyobora. Iyo komite y‟umutekano akaba ariyo yakoraga inama zavuyemo gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu duce dutandukanye; - Gukangurira Abahutu ubwicanyi, kubashyigikira abagenera icumbi n’ibibatunga, kubashakira inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano zo kubafasha mu bwicanyi, no gutera akanyabugabo abajandarume bari bacitse intege mu kubashakira inkunga y‟amafaranga mu baturage; - Kuba ariwe wari ufite ububasha bwo kwemeza abicwa n’abaticwa, n’ubwo kubuza ko abicanyi baryozwa ibikorwa byabo, no kugena uburyo n’ahantu abishwe bahambwa; - No kujya mu bitero abiyoboye. -Kumenya niba ibikorwa Uwinkindi Jean aregwa bigize icyaha ya jenoside n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n’uburyozwacyaha muri byo. -Ku bijyanye n’icyaha cya Jenoside. -Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha. [110] Ubushinjacyaha bushingira ku ngingo ya 114 y’Itegeko 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana mu Rwanda, mu gaka k’ayo ka mbere, burega Uwinkindi Jean icyaha cya Jenoside. Icyaha kandi giteganywa n’Ingingo ya 1 ndetse n’iya 3 (c) y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside74.Kubera ko kuva tariki ya 6 Mata 1994 kugera hagati muri Gicurasi 1994, ari gatozi cyangwa afatanije n’abandi, Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi agambiriye gukora icyaha cya 74 Icyemezo cya General Assembly Numero 260 (iii) cyo kuwa 9 December 1948 cyasinywe n‟U Rwanda kandi kinjizwa mu mategeko y‟U Rwanda na Itegeko-teka numero 08/75 yo kuwa 12/02/1975, bishyirwa mw‟Igazeti ya Leta y‟U Rwanda (1975), Pg 230. 75 In the Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T,Trial Chamber I, Judgement, 2 October 1998, in which the Trial Chamber declared that genocidal intent could be inferred from the physical acts and specifically "their massive and/or systematic nature of their atrocity". It held that "[i]n the absence of a confession from the accused, his intent can be inferred from a certain number of presumptions of fact." The Trial Chamber considered "that it is possible to deduce the genocidal intent inherent in a particular act charged from the general context of the perpetration of other culpable acts systematically directed against that same group, whether these acts were committed by the same offender or by others. Other factors, such as the scale of atrocities committed, their general nature, in a region or a country, or furthermore, the fact of deliberately and systematically targeting victims on account of their membership of a particular group, while excluding the members of other groups,can enable the Chamber to infer the genocidal intent of a particular act." The Trial Chamber expressed "the opinion that it is possible to infer the genocidal intention that presided over the commission of a particular act, inter alia, from all acts or utterances of the accused, or from the general context in which other culpable acts were perpetrated systematically against the same group, regardless of whether such other acts were committed by the same perpetrator or even by other perpetrators”.

jenoside mu cyahoze ari Komine Kanzenze, Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngari, muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [111] Ku bigize icyaha cya jenoside, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko habaye Umugambi cyangwa ubushake bwo gukora icyaha cya jenoside, bigaragarira mu bikorwa byagaragajwe haruguru. Bavuga ko nk’uko byagiye byemezwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe na TPIR, umugambi wo gukora jenoside ugaragararira mu kuba habayeho kwica ugamije kurimbura imbaga, mugihe bikozwe hagamije kumaraho ubwoko bwose cyangwa igice cyabwo, cyangwa se uziza abantu kuba babarizwa mu itsinda ry‟abantu runaka nk„uko biteganywa n‟amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside75. [112] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko muri uru rubanza, Umugambi wo gukora iki cyaha cya jenoside Uwinkindi Jean yari awufite kandi awuhuriyeho n‟abantu benshi. Batanga urugero rw’ibyavuzwe n’umutangabuhamya CDF agaragaza ko ubwo we n‟abandi benshi bari bahungiye ku musozi wa Rwankeri, ko yabonye Uwinkindi na BZI bazanye n‟abasirikari bo mu mutwe warindaga Perezida, barasa mu bantu bagera ku ijana bari kuri uwo musozi. Uku kurasa mu baturage b„abasivili bari bahunze ubwicanyi, bigaragaza ubushake bwihariye, y‟ibikorwa byateguwe, bigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwoko (bw‟abatutsi), nkuko ingingo ya 114 y‟Itegeko rishyiraho Igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana ibiteganya. [113] Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside bigaragarira mu bikorwa bikurikira biri mu ngingo ya 114 y‟itegeko Ngenga rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu gaka ka 1° k„iyo ngingo kavuga “kwica abantu”. Bigaragarira kandi mu ngingo ya kabiri y‟amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside.76 Iyi ngingo nayo isubira kuri bikorwa birimo “kwica abagize itsinda runaka ry‟abantu‟. Ibi kandi na none bigasubirwamo na ICTR Statute, ingingo ya 2, aho isobanura ko ukurikiranyweho icyaha cya jenoside akiryozwa iyo akoze ibikorwa birimo kwica abagize itsinda runaka ry’abantu. Bukomeza buvuga ko ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, abatangabuhamya bagaragaza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi kuburyo budasubirwaho, mu iyicwa ry‟Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Komini Kanzenze, cyane cyane muri paruwasi ya Kayenzi, aho Uwinkindi yayoboraga itorero ry‟aba pantekote. 75 In the Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T,Trial Chamber I, Judgement, 2 October 1998, in which the Trial Chamber declared that genocidal intent could be inferred from the physical acts and specifically "their massive and/or systematic nature of their atrocity". It held that "[i]n the absence of a confession from the accused, his intent can be inferred from a certain number of presumptions of fact." The Trial Chamber considered "that it is possible to deduce the genocidal intent inherent in a particular act charged from the general context of the perpetration of other culpable acts systematically directed against that same group, whether these acts were committed by the same offender or by others. Other factors, such as the scale of atrocities committed, their general nature, in a region or a country, or furthermore, the fact of deliberately and systematically targeting victims on account of their membership of a particular group, while excluding the members of other groups, can enable the Chamber to infer the genocidal intent of a particular act." The Trial Chamber expressed "the opinion that it is possible to infer the genocidal intention that presided over the commission of a particular act, inter alia, from all acts or utterances of the accused, or from the general context in which other culpable acts were perpetrated systematically against the same group, regardless of whether such other acts were committed by the same perpetrator or even by other perpetrators”. 76 Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948, ratified by the Republic of Rwanda in 1975.

-Imyiregurire y’Uwinkindi Jean. [114] Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ibigize icyaha cya jenoside ntabyo, ko nta mugambi cyangwa ubushake bwo gukora jenoside Uwinkindi Jean yigeze acura, kuko Ubushinjacyaha butabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika. [115] Me Ngabonziza avuga ko kuba Ubushinjacyaha bwemeza ko kuba Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranweho icyaha cya genocide bivuze ko agomba kuba yarishe Abatutsi atari byo, ahubwo bugomba kwerekana abantu Uwinkindi Jean yishe bukabitangira n‟ibimenyetso bifatika kuko kugeza ubu nta muntu n‟umwe bavuga ko yishe. Avuga ko abantu bose bagiye bavugwa uhereye ku mwana witwa Emile wapfuye wa mbere kugeza ku gitero cya CCX cyishe abantu benshi, nta mutangabuhamya w‟Ubushinjacyaha n‟umwe wigeze avuga ko hari umuntu Uwinkindi Jean yishe. Naho ibimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwemeza ko bidasubirwaho bigaragaragamo kwivuguruza ndetse bikanavuguruza Ubushinjacyaha, nk‟uko bagiye babigaragaza mu nyandiko batanze mu rukiko ubwo bavugaga ku batangabuhamya baciye imbere y‟Urukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [116] Ingingo ya 114 y’itegeko № 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana isobanura ko icyaha cya genoside ari “kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira, cyakozwe mu buryo bwateguwe, kigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa kw‟idini, bazira icyo bari cyo, haba mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by‟Intambara: 1° kwica abo abantu; 2° kubatera ubumuga bw‟umubiri cyangwa bwo mu mutwe; 3°kubashyira, ubigambiriye, mu mibereho ishobora gutuma barimbuka bose cyangwa harimbuka igice cyabo; 4°gufata ibyemezo bibabuza kubyara; 5°kubambura ku ngufu urubyaro rwabo ukaruha abandi bantu badahuje”. [117] Urukiko rusanga Ubushinjacyaha burega Uwinkindi Jean kuba yarakoze icyaha cya jenoside mu buryo buteguwe, agikora yica Abatutsi agamije kubarimbura bose, abaziza ubwoko bwabo mu gihe cy‟intambara. [118] Rusanga ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho byagaragajwe muri uru rubanza ari ibikurikira: - Kuba mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhingiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye; - Kwitabira inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yavuyemo mu gushyiraho icyiswe “komite y‟Umutekano“ no kuyiyobora. Iyo komite y‟umutekano akaba ariyo yakoraga inama zavuyemo

gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu duce dutandukanye; - Gukangurira Abahutu ubwicanyi, kubashyigikira abagenera icumbi n„ibibatunga, kabashakira inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano zo kubafasha mu bwicanyi, no gutera akanyabugabo abajandarume bari bacitse intege mu kubashakira inkunga y‟amafaranga mu baturage; - Kuba ariwe wari ufite ububasha bwo kwemeza abicwa n‟abaticwa, n„ubwo kubuza ko abicanyi baryozwa ibikorwa byabo, no kugena uburyo n‟ahantu abishwe bahambwa; [119] Rusanga rero ibi bikorwa byakozwe mu buryo buteguye, hagamijwe kwica Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw‟Abapentekoti rw‟i Kayenzi no mu duce tuhegereye, bazira ubwoko bwabo, mu gihe cy‟intambara, bigize icyaha cya jenoside ( actus reus). [120] Rusanga kugira ngo icyaha cya jenoside kibeho, hagomba kugaragazwa umugambi wihariye (mens rea) wo kurimbura iryo tsinda ry‟abantu bafite icyo bahuriyeho nk‟uko biteganywe mu ngingo ya 114 ivuzwe hejuru. [121] Rusanga mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe mu nkiko mpuzamahanga77, haremejwe ko bigoye kumenya ko uregwa yari afite umugambi uwo kurimbura mu gihe aba atemera icyaha, ariko ko uwo mugambi ushobora kugaragarira mu bikorwa by‟ubwicanyi ndengakamere yakoze, abo yabikoreye, uburyo byakozwe, n‟igihe byakorewemo ndetse n‟umwihariko w‟uburyo byateguwe, n‟ibindi. [122] Urukiko rusanga muri uru rubanza ubushake bwo kwica hagamijwe jenoside bugaragazwa n‟ibikurikira: - Kuba Uwinkindi Jean yari mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhingiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye. - Kuba yarabeshye Abatutsi ko abamuhungiyeho atari abanzi, mu minsi yambere akabakira, agateka ko bagaburirwa, bavomerwa, mu rwego rwo kuyobya uburari, agamije kubegeranya ari benshi mbere yo kubica. - Kuba yarakiraga Abagore n‟abana b‟Abatutsi, Abagabo ntibemererwe kuhahungira kugira ngo igihe bazaterwa batazabona uko batabarwa.78 77 «S‟agissant de la question de savoir comment déterminer l‟intention spécifique de l‟agent, la Chambre considère que l‟intention est un facteur d‟ordre moral qu‟il est difficile, voir impossible, d‟appréhender. C‟est la raison pour laquelle, à défaut d‟aveux de la part d‟un accusé, son intention peut se déduire d‟un certain nombre de faits…» Par atrocités commises «dans une région ou un pays »;le fait de délibérément et systématiquement choisir les victimes en raison de leur appartenance à un groupe particulier, tout en excluant les membres des autres groupes ;la répétition d‟actes de destruction discriminatoires » ICTR-96-4-T, Procureur c/ Akayesu, du 02/09/ 1998, par. 523-524; voir aussi ICTR-96-13-T, Procureur c/ Musema du 16/11/2011, para 166, ainsi que ICTR-95-1-T, Procureur c/ Kayishema na Ruzindana, du 21/5/1999, para 93. 78 Reba ubuhamya bwa CCW muri TPIR, ku rupapuro rwa 545 rwa dosiye yavuye TPIR.

- Kuba yaratandukanyije impunzi zari kuri paruwasi, Abahutu akabashyira ukwabo, n’Abatutsi ukwabo. - Kuba yarayoboye inama zari zigamije gutegura uburyo ibitero byagombaga kugabwaku Batutsi bikorwa. - Kuba yaragiye gushakira abicanyi inkunga y‟inzego z‟ubutegetsi zishinzwe umutekano. - Kuba yarashakiye abajandarume inkunga y‟amafaranga kugirango bakomeze babafashe mu kwica Abatutsi kuko bagezaho basa n‟abacitse intege. - Kuba yarageneye abicanyi ibibatunga mu gihe cyose bari mu bikorwa by‟ubwicanyi, abagiye mu bitero akaba ari bo bonyene bagenerwa inka n‟inyama babaga batekewe n‟itsinda ry‟abatetsi ryashyizweho na Uwinkindi Jean. - Kuba yarabujije abashakaga guhana umwe mu bicanyi ku gikorwa cy‟ubwicanyi yari arangije gukora. [123] Urukiko rusanga ibi bikorwa bimaze kurondorwa haruguru bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ubushake bwihariye bwo kwica igice cy’Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw‟Abapentekoti rw‟i Kayenzi no mu nkengero zarwo, abaziza ubwoko bwabo, yitwaje intambara yari yaratangiye mu 10/1990. Ubwo bushake bugaragarira mu buryo ibyo bikorwa byagiye bikurikirana harimo kuba mbere yo gutangira kwakira impunzi, Uwinkindi Jean yaramenyesheje abayoboke b‟itorero rye ko nta masengesho azongera kuhakorerwa, bigaragaza ko yari yarafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura urusengero rwari rusanzwe rufatwa nk‟ahantu hubashywe cyane kubera ko higishirizwaga ijambo ry‟Imana, hagahinduka indiri y‟ubwicanyi79;mu gutegeka Abahutu bose kwimukira ku rusengero kugira ngo batazabona uko bahisha Abatutsi hagamijwe no kuzabifashisha mu bwicanyi nk„uko byaje kugenda; aho bahagereye akabakangurira kwitabira inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesiteri Gatanazi agamije kubashishikariza kwica Abatutsi nk‟uko ahandi byari byatangiye. [124] Rusanga kuba inama ya Gatanazi yarakozwe nyuma y„uko izo mpunzi z‟Abahutu zigereye ku rusengero, bigaragaza ko n‟ubundi byari byarateguwe mbere, ahubwo ko byabaye ngombwa ko abo baturage bahabwa amabwiriza n‟ubuyobozi bari basanzwe bamenyereye, kugira ngo Uwinkindi Jean n‟agatsiko yari ayoboye babone aho bahera bayobora ibikorwa by‟ubwicanyi byabaye muri utwo duce twegereye Urusengero. [125] Rusanga kandi kuba Uwinkindi Jean nk‟umushumba wari usanzwe uyobora paroisse ya ADEPR y‟i Kayenzi, yubashywe n‟abaturage kandi yizewe n‟Abatutsi kuko mu 1992 abahungiye ku rusengero barindiwe umutekano, byaramuhesheje kuba mu bavuga rikijyana, ariyo mpamvu hashyirwaho icyiswe‟komite y‟umutekano„ yahise ayiyobora, bituma ashobora kugera ku mugambi we nta nkomyi kandi ashyigikiwe n‟ubutegetsi bwamuhaye inkunga y’inzego z’umutekano za leta kugira ngo zunganire agatsiko ke k’abicanyi, cyane ko yarimo yuzuza umugambi wabwo wo kurimbura Abatutsi. 79 Reba ubuhamya bwa BZI ruri ku rupapuro rwa 302, abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha.

[126] Rusanga rero hashingiwe ku bikorwa no ku mugambi byagaragajwe hejuru, Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n‟icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside nk’uko giteganywa mu ngingo ya 114 agace ka mbere y‟itegeko rihana rivuzwe hejuru. -Ku bijyanye n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. -Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha. [127] Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Uwinkindi Jean icyaha cy’itsembatsemba, nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu nk„uko giteganywa n‟ingingo ya 120, 2◦,kigahanishwa Ingingo ya 121 y‟Itegeko Ngenga numero speciale yo kuwa 14/06/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, kuba, hagati ya tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 kugeza hagati muri Gicurasi 1994, Uwinkindi Jean, ari gatozi cyangwa ari icyitso cy‟abandi, ari mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Kanzenze, muri Repubulika y‟u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe byagiye bivugwa haruguru byari bigize iyo Komini mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali, yarishe Abatutsi benshi mu rwego rw‟ibitero rusange kandi/cyangwa biri kuri gahunda yabaga yanogejwe, ibyo bitero bikaba byaribasiye abaturage b‟abasivili bazira impamvu za Politike cyangwa z‟ubwoko bwabo bw‟Abatutsi, ari nabo bahigwaga icyo gihe. [128] Buvuga ko ubushake bwo gukora icyo cyaha bugaragazwa n’uko ukurikiranweho icyaha cyo kurimbura agomba kuba azi ko hari ubwicanyi bugamije kurimbura buriho bukorerwa abaturage b„abasivile ku buryo bw‟ivangura, kandi nawe akaba ubwo bwicanyi yifuza kubugiramo uruhare. Ibimenyetso bishingira k‟ubuhamya bwakusanyijwe n‟Ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ndetse n‟u bw‟u Rwanda, bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yagambiriye kandi agashyira mu bikorwa icyaha cyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigaragazwa n‟abatangabuhamya basobanura ibijyanye n„ibitero ndetse n‟ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri paruwasi ya Kayenzi, busanga Uwinkindi Jean yari azi umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi, yari ahari igihe bicwaga, yaragize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, cyangwa ntacyo yakoze kugira ngo atabare abicwaga kandi yari abifitiye ubushobozi. [129] Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yakoze kimwe mu bikorwa, gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusigabyibasiye abaturage batari abasirikari, bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya Politike, ubwoko cyangwa idini. Aha Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busanga yarakoze icyo cyaha aziza abo baturage batari abasirikale ubwoko bwabo bw’Abatutsi nk'uko Ingingo ya 120, Igika cya mbere, akarongo ka 2° ibiteganya. -Imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean. [130] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko nta mpamvu n„imwe yatuma Uwinkindi Jean aryozwa icyaha cyo kurimbura kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ahantu n’abantu yarimbuye, n‟igihe byabereye kugira ngo uregwa abashe kubyisobanuraho. Bavuga ko mu gusobanura ikirego cyabwo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry‟Abatutsi benshi, ariko ko butavuga umubare n‟amazina byabo. [131] Bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha bushingira ku ngingo ya 120 agace ka 2 bushinja Uwinkindi Jean icyaha cyo kurimbura, nk‟uko bagiye babigaragaza, nta bimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze, ahubwo abatangabuhamya babwo nk‟uko babigaragaje, baranzwe no kuvuga ko nta bitero Uwinkindi Jean yagiyemo, ko nta muntu bazi yishe, kuko nta mutangabuhamya n‟umwe wagaragaje ko yamubonye yica umuntu.

[132] Bavuga kandi ko kuba pasitori Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ububasha bw‟idini ntaho bihuriye, kuko abagabye ibyo bitero batari abayoboke b‟idini rye, ndetse niyo bari kuba barimo, atari kubasha kubahagarika kuko ibyo bakoze batabikoze kubera ko ari abayoboke b‟idini, ahubwo babikoze kubera ubugome bwabo bwite n‟ubutegetsi bubi bwa Leta yariho. Kuko kuba pasitori Uwinkindi Jean ntacyo yakoze ngo abuze ibitero, ari uko nta bubasha na buto yari afite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [133] Rusanga ingingo ya 120 y’itegeko Ngenga № 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rihana ryavuzwe hejuru, iteganya ko kurimbura bikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byibasiye abaturage batari abasirikare bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko cyangwa idini, ari kimwe mu bikorwa bigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [134] Urukiko rusanga Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho n‟Ubushinjacyaha kuba yaragabye ibitero rusange kandi bya simusiga, hagamijwe kurimbura Abatutsi batari abasirikare, abaziza ubwoko bwabo, ibyo abikorera mu bice bitandukanye byo mu cyahoze ari Komini Kanzenze. [135] Rusanga nk‟uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwa Niyitegeka rwaciwe n‟urukiko 80 Mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no mu rubanza rwa Tihomir Blaštić rwaciwe n‟Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho Yugosilavia, ibikorwa bigize 8181 icyaha cyo kurimbura bigaragazwa n‟igikorwa cyangwa ibikorwa bigamije kwica imbaga y‟abantu cyangwa kuba ibyo bikorwa byakozwe mu buryo bw‟ibitero simusiga. [136] Rusanga ibikorwa bigize icyaha cyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho byagaragajwe muri uru rubanza ari ibikurikira: - Kuba yarakoresheje inama zitegura ibitero bigamije kurimbura Abatutsi no gutunga ababijyagamo. - Kuba yarashakiye abicanyi inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekanohagamijwe kongerera abari byagabye ibitero imbaraga. - Kuba yaragiye akanayobora ibitero, byishwemo abantu benshi barimo BandoraSebastien, Ngabo, Mutimura, umuhungu wa Ndekezi n‟uwa Muzezayo Charles, Nyirankangura, Nsengiyumva, Habarugira Emmanuel, Muderi Clothilde, Rwibasira Justin n„abandi. [137] Urukiko rusanga ibi bikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yakoze byararimbuye imbaga y‟Abatutsi, baguye mu bitero simusiga byagabwe mu nkengero z‟Urusengero rw‟abapetenkoti rwa Kayenzi. 80 « [L]‟élément materiel de l‟extermination «consiste en un acte ou un ensemble d‟actes contribuant au meurtre d‟un grand nombre de personnes. »ICTR-96-14, du 16/05/2003, Procureur c/ Niyitegeka, para 450. 81 « In relation to the widespread or systematic nature of the attack, the Appeals Chamber recalls the jurisprudence of the International Tribunal according to which the phrase “widespread” refers to the large-scale nature of the attack and the number of targeted persons, while the phrase “systematic” refers to the organized nature of the acts of violence and the improbability of their random occurrence. Patterns of crimes, in the sense of the non-accidental repetition of similar criminal conduct on a regular basis, are a common expression of such systematicoccurrence.Only the attack, not the individual acts of the accused, must be widespread or systematic.The Appeals Chamber underscores that the acts of the accused need only be a part of this attack, and all other conditions being met, a single or limited number of acts on his or her part would qualify as a crime against humanity, unless those acts may be said to be isolated or random.”, IT-95-14-A, 29/07/2004, Prosecutor v/ Tihomir Blaštić, para 101.

[138] Rusanga ubushake (mens rea) bwo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bugaragararira mu bushake bwo kwica imbaga y‟abantu cyangwa kubigiramo uruhare, ubikora azi neza ko ubwo bwicanyi bukozwe hagamijwe kwica abantu benshi nk„uko byagiye byemezwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n‟Inkiko mpuzamahanga, nk‟urubanza rwa Semanza82 n‟urwa Kayishema na Ruzindana83. [139] Rusanga kuri Uwinkindi Jean, uyu mugambi ugaragarira mu kuba nyuma y‟uko Burugumesiteri Gatanazi abamenyesheje ko ahandi hose mu gihugu batangiye‟gukora„, Uwinkindi Jean yariyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi akaba yarabikoze, ayobora komite yateguye ibitero byagabwe mu buryo simusiga ku Batutsi bari barahungiye mu bice bitandukanye muri Komine Kanzenze, ajya muri ibyo bitero abiyoboye, kandi ashakisha inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano, kugira ngo zongerere abicanyi imbaraga, mu rwego rwo gusohoza mugambi wo kurimbura imbaga y‟Abatutsi, abaziza ubwoko bwabo kandi azi neza ko atari abasirikare. [140] Rusanga rero hashingiwe ku bikorwa no ku mugambi byagaragajwe hejuru, Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n‟icyaha cyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, nk„uko giteganywa mu ngingo ya 120 y‟itegeko rihana rivuzwe hejuru. -Uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean mu byaha aregwa. -Imiburanire y‟Ubushinjacyaha. [141] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uwinkindi Jean aryozwa nka gatozi icyaha cya jenoside giteganywa n‟ingingo ya 114, n‟iya 115 z‟igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ndetse n‟icyaha cyo kurimbura, icyaha giteganywa n‟Ingingo ya 120, 2◦ y‟icyo gitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, ibyaha yakoreye kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Kayenzi, ku biro bya Komini ya Kanzenze, i Ntarama ku Kiliziya, mu bishanga byo mu Cyugaro n‟ahandi havugwa mu kirego cy‟ [142] Buvuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite inshingano yo mu rwego rw‟amategeko yo kugira icyo akora ngo aburizemo ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu rusengero rwabapentekoti rw‟i Kayenzi nk‟umuyobozi warwo, ariko aho kugira icyo akora yagize uruhare mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi bahahungiye, atanga inkunga mu buryo burimo kuzana interahamwe zigacumbika ku rusengero, gushyirishaho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, kuyobora no kujya mu bitero, gukoresha amanama ategura ubwicanyi n‟ibitero, kwitabira inama kuri Komini itegurirwamo imigambi yo kwica abatutsi, kwiyicira ubwe abatutsi ndetse no kubahiga aho babaga bihishe mu bitero bitandukanye. Bukaba busanga ibi byose bigaragaza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean nka gatozi, bityo Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busaba Urukiko Rukuru ko agomba kuryozwa ibi byaha yakoze kandi akabihanirwa. [143] Uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean bushingiye kandi ku kuba yarashyigikiye kandi atera inkunga n‟akanyabugabo mu bwicanyi bwabaye, yacumbikiye abicanyi, yagiye mu bitero kandi akica ku giti cye. Aha rero imyitwarire ye ikaba yaratumye cyane ubwo bwicanyi bukorwa. 82 “La Chambre estime que l‟élément moral du crime d‟extermination réside dans l‟intention de commettre un massacre ou d‟y Participer.” ICTR-97-20 du 15/05/2003, Procureur c/ Semanza, para 341; 83 “L‟élément psychologique constitutif de l‟extermination exige que l‟accusé participe «…en étant conscient du fait que ledit acte ou ladite omission ou lesdits actes ou omissions s‟inscrivent dans le cadre d‟une tuerie à grande échelle…. » ICTR -95-1-T, du 21/05/1999, Procureur c/ Kayishema na Ruzindana, para 44;

Kuko yari azi nibura ko ubwo bwicanyi bushobora kuba, kandi ko imyitwarire ye ishobora gufatwa nk‟inkunga ikomeye kugira ngo n‟abandi babwitabire. -Imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean. [144] Uwinkindi Jean n‟abamwunganira bavuga ko nta buryozwacyaha nka gatozi buhari kuko Uwinkindi Jean nta bubasha na buke yari afite bwo kuburizamo ubwicanyi bwakorewe ku rusengero bw‟i Kayenzi, mu gihe yatewe atunguwe kandi atagira abarwanyi bo guhangana n‟ibyo bitero. Bavuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yari yarakiriye impunzi zamuhungiyeho, akora uko ashoboye ngo azifashe, ko rero atari wewazihatiye kumuhungiraho. Bakomeza bavuga nta bwicanyi mu rwego rwa jenoside n‟itsembatsemba Uwinkindi Jean yateje, haba ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, haba mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, haba no ku rusengero rwa pentekote rw‟i Kayenzi. [145] Bavuga ko adakwiye kuryozwa ibikorwa byo gushyigikira, gutera inkunga n‟akanyabugabo mu bwicanyi bwabaye, kuko Ubushinjacyaha buterekana mu buryo bufatika inkunga yateye iyo ari yo, uburyo yashyigikiye abicanyi, uburyo yabateye akanyabugabo n‟igihe yabikoreye. Bityo rero ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi, gutsemba imbaga, gushishikariza abandi ubwicanyi, kwifatanya n‟abandi mu mugambi mubisha, byose ntabyo Uwinkindi Jean yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [146] Ingingo ya 97 y‟itegeko Ngenga rishyiraho Igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana rivuzwe hejuru, iteganya ko „icyaha kiryozwa uwagikoze, uwafatanyije nawe kugikora, n‟icyitso cye„. Naho ingingo ya 98 mu gika cya mbere yo igateganya ko „uwakoze icyaha ari uwagikoze ubwe; umufatanyacyaha ari uwafatanyije ku buryo butaziguye n‟uwakoze icyaha; icyitso akaba uwafashije uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, ibyoroheje imikorere yacyo, cyangwa mu byakinonosoye kandi yarabikoze abizi, cyangwa uwoheje uwakoze icyaha. [147] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izi ngingo, rusanga ku bijyanye no kwica nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside, Uwinkindi Jean yarabigizemo uruhare nk‟icyitso mu buryo bukurikira: - Gutegura no gushishikariza: ubwo yategekaga Abahutu kujya gutura ku rusengero agamije kuzabakoresha mu bikorwa by‟ubwicanyi, agakoresha kandi akayobora inama zigamije gutegura ubwicanyi. - Koroshya no kunonosora ibikorwa by‟ubwicanyi: ubwo yashakiraga abicanyi inkunga y‟inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano, akanabagenera ibibatunga, agategeka abaturage gutanga umusanzu w‟amafaranga agenewe abasirikari kugira ngo badacika intege bakomeze ubwicanyi; akanarengera uwishe Abatutsi kugira ngo atagira icyo abibazwaho. [148] Rusanga na none ku byerekeye icyaha cyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Uwinkindi Jean yarakigizemo uruhare nk‟icyitso, ubwo nk‟umuyobozi w’icyiswe „komite y‟umutekano„ yakoresheje inama zateguye ibitero, akanagena abagomba kubijyamo. Rusanga kandi yaragize uruhare nk‟umufatanyacyaha ubwo yajyaga mu bitero, afite intwaro kandi atanga amabwiriza y‟uko ubwicanyi bukorwa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye hicwa imbaga y‟Abatutsi batari abasirikare nk‟uko byasobanuwe haruguru. -Ku bijyanye n’ibihano

-Icyifuzo cy’ubushinjacyaha [149] Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye Urukiko kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yakoze ibikorwa bigize ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura Abatutsi, kandi byakozwe mu buryobwateguwe bigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu cyangwa ku bwoko, bazira icyo bari cyo, haba mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by‟Intambara, nk‟uko ngingo za 114 na 120 z‟itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana zibiteganya. [150] Kubera ko ibikorwa bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean yakoze byabyaye ibyaha byinshi, kandi igikorwa kimwe kikaba kigizwe n‟ibikorwa bitandukanye bigize ubwabyo ibyaha byinshi (Jenoside ndetse n‟icyaha cyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu), Ubushinjacyaha busanga harabayeho impurirane y‟imbonezamugambi nk‟uko Ingingo ya 83. (2) (a) y‟igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana mu Rwanda ibiteganya. Bukaba busaba Urukiko ko Uwinkindi Jean atahabwa impamvu n‟imwe nyoroshyacyaha kuko atigeze yemera icyaha ngo asabe imbabazi, bityo ngo abe yabigiriramo inyungu amategeko amwemerera. [151] Kubera ko ibyaha bya Jenoside ndetse n‟icyo kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye Inyokomuntu byombi biteganya igihano cy‟igifungo cya burundu y‟Umwihariko kandi “guarantee“ zatanzwe n‟u Rwanda muri ICTR, u Rwanda rukaba rwaragaragaje ko Uwinkindi Jean aramutse azanywe mu Rwanda kuhaburanira, mu gihe ahanwe atazahabwa igihano cya burundu y‟umwihariko. Kubera kandi ko ibyo byaha byombi binganya ibihano, byombi bikaba biteganyirijwe igihano cy‟igifungo cya burundu y‟umwihariko, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bumusabiye igihano cy‟igifungo cya burundu ku byaha byombi aregwa. -Icyifuzo cya Uwinkindi Jean n’ubwunganizi bwe [152] Ubwunganizi bwa Uwinkindi Jean mu mwanzuro wabwo usoza iburanisha, bwagaragaje ko nta bimenyetso bifatika byatanzwe n„Ubushinjacyaha byemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yakoze ibyaha aregwa, busaba Urukiko ko rugomba kwemeza ko ikirego cy‟Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro gifite, ibyaha aregwa bikaba bitamuhama, rugategeka ko ahita arekurwa kuko ari umwere. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [153] Mbere yo gusuzuma ibijyanye n‟ibihano, hagomba kubanza gusuzumwa niba haba hari impamvu ziremereza cyangwa zoroshya ibihano. -Impamvu nkomezacyaha [154] Urukiko rurasanga nk‟uko byagaragajwe hasesengurwa ibikorwa bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare, bigaragara ko ibi byaha byakoranywe ubugome bukabije, hicwa inzirakarengane nyinshi, bityo ubwinshi bw‟Abatutsi bishwe n‟ingaruka zikomeye bwagize ku muryango nyarwanda, bigize impamvu zongera uburemere bw‟ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean aregwa, nk‟uko n‟Urukiko Mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwabyemeje mu

rubanza rwa Karera84, ibi akaba ari nako n‟umuhanga mu mategeko BECCARIA abisobanura aho avuga ko ububi bw‟icyaha bureberwa ku ngaruka mbi zacyo ku Gihugu.85 [155] Rusanga kandi kuba Uwinkindi Jean wari usanzwe ashinzwe kwigisha urukundo n‟imibanire myiza mu bantu, yarafashe iya mbere mu kwigisha urwango n‟ubwicanyi86, ahemukira Abatutsi bari bamuhungiyeho kubera icyizere bari bamufitiye, bigize nabyo impamvu ziremereza icyaha nk‟uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwa Seromba87, ko guhemukira abari bamufitiye icyizere nk‟uwihaye Imana, ari impamvu yongera uburemere bw‟ibihano. -Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha [156] Urukiko rurasanga mbere ya jenoside y‟Abatutsi yo mu mwaka wa 1994, nta bikorwa bibi bigaragazwa kuri Uwinkindi Jean, kuko yaranzwe n‟imico myiza ikunze kuranga abihaye Imana, ku buryo no mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Bugesera mu mwaka wa 1992, abahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Kayenzi Uwikindi yayoboraga ntawahiciwe88. Indi mpamvu yafatwa nk‟inyoroshyacyaha, ijyanye n‟uko, nubwo Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare rukomeye mu itegurwa n‟iyicwa ry‟Abatutsi bari barahungiye ku rusengero rw‟Abapentekote rwa Kayenzi yayoboraga mu mwaka wa 1994, ndetse no muri Bugesera muri rusange, hari abantu barimo umugore wa Rurangirwa, yahisemo kurengera bararokoka.89 [157] Rusanga impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigaragajwe hejuru, zitashingirwaho mu ihanwa rya Uwinkindi Jean, kubera uburemere n‟ingaruka zikomeye ibyaha aregwa byateje, kuko nubwo yigeze kurangwa n‟ibikorwa byubaka Igihugu nk‟umushumba w‟Itorero, akaba hari n‟abantu yarengeye ntibicwa nk‟uko byagaragajwe, bidakuraho umugambi n‟ibikorwa yakoze byo kwica Abatutsi abaziza ubwoko, birenze kuba umuntu yakwambura undi ubuzima, bigamije ahubwo kurimbura “umuryango w‟abantu no guhakana ubumuntu ”90, nk‟uko no mu rubanza rwa 84 “Le nombre élevé des victimes et les préjudices irréparables causes à celles-ci et à leurs familles constituent également des circonstances aggravantes relativement à la condamnation de Karera pour génocide, crime pour lequel il n‟est pas défini un nombre minimum de victimes”. Affaire ICTR-01-74-T du 7 décembre 2007, le procureur contre Francois Karera, P.169. 85 La vraie mesure des crimes,…est le tort qu‟ils font à la nation et non l‟intention du coupable ”Beccaria, Cité par Roger Merle & Andre VITU, Traité du Droit Criminel, Problèmes Généraux de la science criminelle. Droit Penal Général. 3ème Ed. JUCAS, Rue de la Maison Blanche, Paris. P.106 -107. 86 Reba ubuhamya bwa CDG, ku mpapuro rwa 256-266 dosiye y‟ubushinjacyaha. 87 “La chambre considère qu‟Athanase Seromba, Prêtre catholique, était responsable de la Paroisse de Nyange au moment des faits visés dans l‟acte d‟accusation. L‟accusé était connu et respecté dans la communauté catholique de Nyange. Elle rappelle qu‟il est établi que de nombreux Tutsis de la Commune de Kivumu se sont refugiés dans l‟église de Nyange à fin d‟échapper aux attaques. La chambre considère comme circonstances aggravantes le fait que l‟accusé n‟ait absolument rien entrepris de visible pour mériter la confiance de ces personnes qui croyaient avoir la vie sauve en cherchant réfuge à la Paroisse de Nyange. En conséquence, la chambre retiendra le statut de l‟accusé et l‟abus de confiance comme circonstances aggravantes”. ICTR-2001-66-T du 13 décembre 2006, le procureur contre Athanase Seromba. P.85. 88 Reba ubuhamya bwa CDH ku rupapuro rwa 334 m‟ubushinjacyaha. 89 Reba ubuhamya bwa CDA ku rupapuro rwa 246 m‟ubushinjacyaha. 90 « Dans le crime contre l‟humanité, il ya plus que l‟atteinte à la vie car ce crime a pour objectif et pour effet de réduire, d‟abaisser l‟homme à l‟état de sous-homme, de nier l‟homme dans l‟homme, de nier l‟humanité de l‟homme.La cible de ce crime n‟est pas l‟individu, personne identifiée mais l‟homme en tant que „membre de la famille

Karera91, Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, rwemeje ko nubwo haba hari Abatutsi babiri yaba yarakijije ntibicwa, bitafatwa nk‟umugambi wo kurengera Abatutsi muri rusange. [158] Rusanga ingingo ya 115 y‟itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana yo igateganya ko “umuntu wese ukoze, haba mu gihe gisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy‟intambara, icyaha cya jenoside nk‟uko giteganyijwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu y‟umwihariko”.Naho iya 121 igika cya mbere, ihanisha kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu,igifungo cya burundu y‟umwihariko. [159] Rusanga ibyaha bya jenoside no kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bihama Uwinkindi Jean, bikaba byarakozwe mu buryo bw‟impurirane y‟imbonezamugambi nk‟uko biteganywa ya 83.20.a y‟itegeko rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana byavuzwe hejuru, kandi byose bikaba bihanishwa igifungo cya burundu y‟umwihariko. Ariko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 5 bis y‟itegeko Ngenga N 08/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko Ngenga No 31/2007 ryo kuwa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa, ivuga ko uwahamwe n‟icyaha mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa mu kindi gihugu, adashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko, Uwinkindi Jean agomba guhanishwa igihano cy‟igifungo cya burundu. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [160] Rwemeye kwakira no gusuzuma ikirego rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha burega Uwinkindi Jean ibyaha byo kwica nk‟icyaha cya jenoside no kurimbura nk‟icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, rugisuzumye rusanga gifite ishingiro. [161] Rwemeje ko Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu aregwa. [162] Rukijije ko Uwinkindi Jean atsinzwe. [163] Rumuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [164] Rutegetse ko Uwinkindi Jean asonewe igarama kuko aburana afunze. humaine… ». Juristes sans Frontières, prix des droits de l‟homme de la République Francaise- 1996, Ouvrage collectif, Le Tribunal penal International de La Haye: le droit à l‟épreuve de la „purification ethnique, Ed. L‟harmattan.2000, P.41. 91 “A supposer meme qu‟il ait, pour des raisons inconnues, sauvé ces deux tutsis, cela ne signifie pas qu‟il a protegé les tutsis en général.”…. Affaire ICTR-01-74-T du 7 décembre 2007, Procureur c/Karera, para.374.