UBUSHINJACYAHA v. ZOMAHOUN N’ABANDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. ZOMAHOUN N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-12 - Case/document no.: UBUSHINJACYAHA V. ZOMAHOUN N’ABANDI - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. ZOMAHOUN N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00504/2021/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J., Kaliwabo na Umugwaneza, J.) 24 Nzeri 2021] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Iburanisha ry’uwihishe cyangwa uwatorotse ubutabera – Iyo uwaciriwe urubanza nk’uwihishe cyangwa watorotse ubutabera aramutse abonetse (yishyikirije inzego zibishinzwe cyangwa afashwe), ibyakozwe mbere byose bigomba guta agaciro, akabazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha akongera kuregerwa urukiko bundi bushya (mu gihe izo nzego zisanze ari ngombwa). Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Ubujurire ku rubanza rwaciwe nk’urubanza rw’uwihishe cyangwa watorotse ubutabera, buburanishwa mu buryo bumwe(kamere) n’urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha nyuma y’uko bureze Zomahoun, Kibuye Mukwende na Umulinga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bubakurikiranyeho ibyaha binyuranye, abaregwa bose baburanishwa bunganiwe, uretse Zomahoun waburanishwijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko abaregwa bose ari abere, kuko rwasanze hari ugushidikanya ku byaha bakurikiranyweho. Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, ku munsi w’iburanisha, ababuranyi baritabye, Zomahoun ntiyitaba, ariko hitaba abagombaga kumwunganira, bibutsa Urukiko ko yanditse atanga umurongo w’ikoranabuhanga azaburaniraho, Urukiko rwemeza ko yitabira iburanisha akoresheje Skype. Ubushinjacyaha bwazamuye inzitizi busaba Urukiko ko ibanza gufatwaho icyemezo mbere y’uko iburanisha rikomeza buvuga ko kuba Zomahoun yaraburanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uwihishe ubutabera, atakagombye kugaragara mu iburanisha mu bujurire kandi atarigeze abazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ku byaha akurikiranyweho, busaba ko iburanisha ryahagarikwa Zomahoun agategekwa kwitaba Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha, akabazwa mu buryo bw’ivuguruzanya, agakorerwa dosiye, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. Nyuma yo gusuzuma iyo nzitizi, Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko Zomahoun agomba kubanza kubazwa, agakorerwa dosiye, ariko akabazwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (online). Ubushinjacyaha ntibwishimiye icyo cyemezo, bukijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire buvuga ko ubujurire bwatanze bushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 72 n’iya 168 z’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ku bijyanye n’uburyo inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ikorwa, ndetse n’ibikurikizwa iyo ushinjwa yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera, ko kuba Zomahoun atarigeze yishyikiriza ubutabera, atakagombye kugaragara no mu iburanisha ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire iburanisha ryakomeje hasuzumwa niba Zomahoun waburanishijwe mu rwego rwa mbere mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa GASABO nk’uwihishe ubutabera, yarashoboraga kuba umuburanyi mu bujurire bw’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, runasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gutegeka ko abazwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, maze Ubushinjacyaha buburana buvuga ko kuba Zomahoun atarigeze abazwa kandi akaba ataburanishwa atarigeze abazwa, ko busanga imihango y’ikurikiranacyaha igomba kubahirizwa no mu gihe urubanza

## Page 2

rwajuririwe uwihishe ubutabera akaboneka, ko agomba kwishyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha bugakora iperereza ry’ibanze, nyuma dosiye igashyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha, kandi ko nta cyemeza ko kuba yaragizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, ari nako bizagenda ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Ku ruhande rwa Zamouhan bavuga ko uwaciriwe urubanza yarihishe cyangwa yaratorotse ubutabera, usabwa kwishyikiriza inzego zibishinzwe ari uwahamwe n’icyaha, ko ntacyo itegeko rivuga ku muntu waburanishijwe atyo utarahamwe n’icyaha, kandi ko Zomahoun yagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba nta mpamvu n’imwe yari gutuma yishyira mu maboko y’ubutabera kuko yabaye umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, ko rero mu Rukiko Rukuru imiburanishirize y’uwihishe ubutabera (procédure de contumace) itari gukurikizwa, ko muri urwo Rukiko yafashwe nk’uwitabye kuri Skype kandi ko yahamagajwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo uwaciriwe urubanza nk’uwihishe cyangwa watorotse ubutabera aramutse abonetse (yishyikirije inzego zibishinzwe cyangwa afashwe), ibyakozwe mbere byose bigomba guta agaciro, akabazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha akongera kuregerwa urukiko bundi bushya (mu gihe izo nzego zisanze ari ngombwa), bityo Kuba Zomahoun yaragaragaye ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ntibyagombye kwitwa ko abonetse ku buryo busobanurwa n’ingingo ya 168 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. 2. Ubujurire ku rubanza rwaciwe nk’urubanza rw’uwihishe cyangwa watorotse ubutabera, buburanishwa mu buryo bumwe(kamere) n’urubanza rwajuririwe. Bityo urubanza rukaba rugomba gukomeza kuburanishwa n’Urukiko Rukuru mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo rwaburanishijwemo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, agakomeza gufatwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera. Ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha gifite ishingiro; Iburanisha rigomba gukomeza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Zomahoun aburanishwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe 2015, Ingingo ya 29. Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 160, 162 n’iya 168. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Stephani Gaston, Levasseur Georges et Bouloc Bernard, Procedure pénale, 16éd, Dalloz, Paris, 1996, pp.770-771. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

## Page 3

[1] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Zomahoun Sosthène Thierry, Kibuye Mukwende Jean Pierre na Umulinga Alice mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bubakurikiranyeho ibyaha byagaragajwe haruguru, abaregwa bose baburanishwa bunganiwe, uretse Zomahoun Sosthène Thierry waburanishwijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza no RP/ECON 00055/2020/TGI/GSBO ku wa 07/01/2021, rwemeza ko abaregwa bose ari abere, kuko rwasanze hari ugushidikanya ku byaha bakurikiranyweho. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, ikirego gihabwa N° RPA/ECON 00020/2021/HC/KIG, ku munsi w’iburanisha, KIBUYE MUKWENDE Jean Pierre na UMULINGA Alice bitaba Urukiko bunganiwe n’aba Avoka babo, ZOMAHOUN SOsthène Thierry ntiyitaba, ariko hitaba Me MUTABINGWA Aloys na Me KIMANUKA bagombaga kumwunganira, bibutsa Urukiko ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yanditse atanga umurongo w’ikoranabuhanga azaburaniraho, Urukiko rwemeza ko yitabira iburanisha akoresheje Skype. [3] Ubushinjacyaha bwazamuye inzitizi busaba Urukiko ko ibanza gufatwaho icyemezo mbere y’uko iburanisha rikomeza. Buvuga ko kuba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaraburanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uwihishe ubutabera, atakagombye kugaragara mu iburanisha mu bujurire kandi atarigeze abazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ku byaha akurikiranyweho, busaba ko iburanisha ryahagarikwa ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry agategekwa kwitaba Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha, akabazwa mu buryo bw’ivuguruzanya, agakorerwa dosiye, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [4] ZOMAHOUN Sositene Thierry na Me MUTABINGWA Aloys na Me KIMANUKA babunganira ndetse n’abo baregwa hamwe mu rubanza babwiye Urukiko ko nta cyatuma ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry ataburanishwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, kuko yagaragaje imbogamizi zituma adashobora kuboneka mu iburanisha zirimo iz’uburwayi bwe, iz’umugore we urwaye ndetse n’icyorezo cya COVID 19, kandi ko yakoze umwanzuro mu Kinyarwanda, ku buryo nta mpamvu bumva imuzitira kuburana mu bujurire. [5] Nyuma yo gusuzuma iyo nzitizi, Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry agomba kubanza kubazwa, agakorerwa dosiye, ariko akabazwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (online), rutegeka ko iburanisha mu mizi y’urubanza rizakomeza ku wa 07/05/2021. [6] Ubushinjacyaha ntibwishimiye icyo cyemezo, bukijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 13/04/2021, ikirego cyabwo gihabwa N° RPAA 00504/2021/CA. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwatanze bushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 72 n’iya 168 z’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ku bijyanye n’uburyo inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ikorwa, ndetse n’ibikurikizwa iyo ushinjwa yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera, ko kuba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry atarigeze yishyikiriza ubutabera, atakagombye kugaragara no mu iburanisha. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 03/09/2021, ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry, yitabiriye iburanisha mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga kuri skype, hari na Me SADI Jashi na Me MUTABINGWA Aloys baje kumwunganira, hari n’umusemuzi yashatse witwa KALINDA

## Page 4

Steven, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na BUNYOYE Grace, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Kuri uwo munsi kandi hitabye KIBUYE Mukwende Jean Pierre na UMULINGA Alice bunganiwe na Me SHEMA Gakuba Charles, Me SEBUKONOKE Innocent na Me MUTABINGWA Aloys, naho AIMS-NEI (African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Next Einstein Initiative) ihagarariwe na Me NGABONZIZA Joseph, Urukiko rushingiye ku miterere y’ikibazo rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha rwemeza ko KIBUYE Mukwende Jean Pierre na UMULINGA Alice na AIMS-NEI (African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Next Einstein Initiative) badakenewe muri uru rubanza kuko rutabareba. [9] Iburanisha ryakomeje hasuzumwa niba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry waburanishijwe mu rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza no RP/ECON 00055/2020/TGI/GSBO (mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa GASABO) nk’uwihishe ubutabera, yarashoboraga kuba umuburanyi mu bujurire bw’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, runasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gutegeka ko abazwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry waburanishijwe mu rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza No RP/ECON 00055/2020/TGI/GSBO nk’uwihishe ubutabera, yarashoboraga kwitabira iburanisha mu bujurire bw’urwo rubanza. [10] ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry avuga ko ibisobanuro kuri iyi ngingo byatangwa n’abamwunganiye kuko ari ikibazo cy’amategeko. [11] Me SADI Jashi, avuga ko ingingo ya 168 y’itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko uwaciriwe urubanza yarihishe cyangwa yaratorotse ubutabera, usabwa kwishyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha cyangwa Ubuyobozi bwa gereza ari uwahamwe n’icyaha, ko iyo ngingo ntacyo ivuga ku muntu waburanishijwe atyo utarahamwe n’icyaha, kandi ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba nta mpamvu n’imwe yari gutuma yishyira mu maboko y’ubutabera kuko yabaye umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, ko rero mu Rukiko Rukuru imiburanishirize y’uwihishe ubutabera (procédure de contumace) itari gukurikizwa, ko muri urwo Rukiko yafashwe nk’uwitabye kuri Skype kandi ko yahamagajwe. [12] Me MUTABINGWA Aloys avuga ko ingingo ya 168 yavuzwe haruguru, irebana no kongera gukurikirana uwatorotse cyangwa uwihishe ubutabera, akishyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha cyangwa Ubuyobozi bwa gereza, ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera, akagirwa umwere, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko nta mpamvu yari igihari ituma yishyikiriza izo nzego kuko icyari gutuma yitaba cyavanyweho n’uko yagizwe umwere. [13] Me MUTABINGWA Aloys avuga kandi ko Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, kuba muri urwo Rukiko ZOMAHOUM Sosthène Thierry yaragizwe umwere, asanga mu Rukiko Rukuru yari yemerewe kwitaba, kugira ngo adakomeza kuburanishwa nk’uwatorotse ubutabera kandi uburenganzira bwe bwubahirizwe

## Page 5

nk’uko abyemererwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, n’andi mahame asanzwe, agamije gutanga ubutabera buboneye. Avuga ko kuba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaraburanye nk’uwihishe ubutabera, mu Rukiko Rukuru akaburana habaye kuvuguruzanya, ibyo amategeko atabibuza, ko itegeko ritagombaga kuvuga uko bigenda mu gihe uwaciriwe urubanza mu rwego rwa mbere nk’uwihishe ubutabera yitabye mu bujurire, kuko ritabibonagamo ikibazo. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko butemeranya n’abunganira ZOMAHOUN SOSTHÈNE Thierry ku bisobanuro baha ingingo ya 168 (yavuzwe haruguru), kuko atigeze abazwa kandi akaba ataburanishwa atarigeze abazwa, ko busanga imihango y’ikurikiranacyaha igomba kubahirizwa no mu gihe urubanza rwajuririwe uwihishe ubutabera akaboneka, ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry agomba kwishyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha bugakora iperereza ry’ibanze, nyuma dosiye igashyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha, kandi ko nta cyemeza ko kuba yaragizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, ari nako bizagenda ku rwego rw’ubujurire. II. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 160 y’ itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha igira iti: "Iyo ukurikiranyweho icyaha atashoboye gufatwa kuko yihishe cyangwa yatorotse ubutabera, yaba ari mu Rwanda cyangwa se mu mahanga, Ubushinjacyaha bumukorera dosiye bukayishyikiriza urukiko rubifitiye ububasha n’ubwo yaba atarabajijwe. Nyuma yo gushyikirizwa dosiye, urukiko rufata icyemezo kimutegeka kwitaba mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe (1), atakwitaba, hakemezwa ko yasuzuguye amategeko". [16] Ingingo ya 162 y’iryo Tegeko rivuzwe haruguru igira iti: "Iyo igihe kivugwa mu ngingo ya 160 y’iri tegeko kitubahirijwe n’uwihishe cyangwa uwatorotse ubutabera, acirwa urubanza adahari. Urukiko ruca urubanza rushingiye ku myanzuro y’Ubushinjacyaha yonyine", naho ingingo yaryo ya 168, igika cya 1, ikagira iti: “Iyo uwaciriwe urubanza yaratorotse cyangwa yarihishe ubutabera yishyikirije Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha cyangwa Ubuyobozi bwa Gereza cyangwa afashwe igihano kitarasaza, urubanza n’imihango yakozwe guhera ku cyemezo cyamutegekaga kwitaba kugeza urubanza ruciwe bita agaciro agakurikiranwa mu buryo busanzwe”. [17] Ku bijyanye no kwihisha ubutabera cyangwa gutoroka ubutabera, abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko iyo ukurikiranyweho icyaha atabonetse, kubera ko yihishe ubutabera agitangira gukurikiranwa, aburanishwa nk’uwatorotse cyangwa uwihishe ubutabera. Mu gihe yishyikirije gereza cyangwa agafatwa mbere y’uko haba ubusaze bw’igihano ibyakozwe byose bita agaciro agakurikiranwa bundi bushya1. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu rubanza No RP/ECON 00055/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 07/01/2021 (igika cya 6 n’icya 12), ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry, yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera, abandi bareganwa nawe

1 Stephani Gaston, Levasseur Georges et Bouloc Bernard, Procedure pénale, 16éd, Dalloz, Paris, 1996, pp.770-771. (Lorsque l’accusé n’est pas présent, soit qu’il se soit dérobé à la justice dès le début des poursuites, soit qu’il se soit évadé au cours de celles -ci , il est jugé par contumace…Si l’accusé se constitue prisonier ou s’il vient à ėtre arrêté avant la prescription de la peine , la décision se trouve automatiquement anéantie.

## Page 6

bitabye kandi bunganiwe, Urukiko rwemeza ko ZOMAHOUN SOSTHÈNE Thierry n’abo baregwa hamwe bagizwe abere (ibika bya 80-84). [19] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, ku bujurire bwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bwahawe No RPA/ECON/00020/2021/HC/KIG bukaburanishwa ku wa 09/04/2021, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko nta mpamvu rwabuza ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry kuburana hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (online) kuko ababuranyi bose babona ko ahari, kandi ko icyifuzo cy’Ubushinjacyaha cy’uko yabanza kubazwa ahibereye (physiquement) imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha n’imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, rurebye impungenge zagaragajwe na ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry zo kuba ataza mu Rwanda, Ubushinjacyaha bwamubaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. [20] Isesengura ry’ingingo ya 168 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, ryumvikanisha ko uwaciriwe urubanza nk’uwatorotse cyangwa uwihishe ubutabera, hari uburenganzira aba atabonye (uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye buteganywa n’ingingo ya 292 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu mwaka wa 2015) ari yo mpamvu mu gihe abonetse yishyikirije Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha, Gereza, cyangwa se atawe muri yombi, igihano yakatiwe kitarasaza, urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha ruta agaciro, akongera gukurikiranwa bundi bushya, uburenganzira bwe ku butabera buboneye bwubahirijwe (akamenyeshwa ibyaha aregwa, akabyisobanuraho, akunganirwa,…), kuko mu rubanza yaciriwe adahari kubera ko yihishe cyangwa yatorotse ubutabera, ibyo byose nta byabayeho. Ibi bivuze ko n’igihe cyose urubanza rugikomeza rutaracibwa burundu ngo uwakurikiranwaga abe umwere ku buryo budasubirwaho, uwaciriwe urubanza nk’uwihishe ubutabera cyangwa watorotse ubutabera aramutse abonetse (yishyikirije inzego zavuzwe haruguru cyangwa afashwe), ibyakozwe mbere byose bigomba guta agaciro, akabazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha akongera kuregerwa urukiko bundi bushya (mu gihe izo nzego zisanze ari ngombwa) kugira ngo uburenganzira bwe ku butabera buboneye bwubahirizwe. [21] Isesengura ry’iyi ngingo ryumvikanisha kandi ko kuboneka k’uwari wihishe cyangwa uwari watorotse ubutabera, ari ukuba yishyikirije Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha cyangwa Ubuyobozi bwa gereza, cyangwa igihe yafashwe. [22] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rusanga gihe urubanza no RP/ECON 00055/2020/TGI/GSBO ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaciriwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 07/01/2021, rwajurirwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, ababuranyi bose bari bakiri kandi bafashwe mu buryo bashyizwemo n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, aho ZOMAHOUN

2 Ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe 2015 iteganya ko: Buri muntu wese afite uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye, burimo uburenganzira bwo: 1° kumenyeshwa imiterere n'impamvu z'icyaha akurikiranyweho, kwiregura no kunganirwa; 2° gufatwa nk‟umwere kugeza igihe urukiko rubifitiye ububasha rumuhamije icyaha; 3° kuburanira imbere y‟urukiko rubifitiye ububasha; 4° kudakurikiranwa, kudafatwa, kudafungwa cyangwa kudahanirwa ibyo yakoze cyangwa atakoze, iyo amategeko y‟Igihugu cyangwa amategeko mpuzamahanga atabifataga nk‟icyaha igihe byakorwaga. Ibyaha n‟ibihano bijyanye na byo biteganywa n‟amategeko; 5° kutaryozwa icyaha atakoze; uburyozwacyaha ni gatozi ku wakoze icyaha; 6° kudahanishwa igihano kiruta icyari giteganyijwe n'amategeko mu gihe yakoraga icyaha; 7° kudafungwa bitewe gusa no kutagira ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza inshingano ituruka ku masezerano; 8° kudakurikiranwa cyangwa kudahanirwa icyaha cyashaje. Icyakora, icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu n'ibyaha by'intambara ntibisaza. Itegeko rishobora kugena ibindi byaha bidasaza

## Page 7

Sosthène Thierry yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera, naho KIBUYE Mukwende Jean Pierre na UMULINGA Alice bakaburana bitabye kandi bunganiwe, kuko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku bijyanye n’imigendekere y’iburanisha n’iyitaba ry’ababuranyi kitigeze kijuririrwa. Kuba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaragaragaye ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ntibyagombye kwitwa ko abonetse ku buryo busobanurwa n’ingingo ya 168 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko inzego zishinzwe iperereza zivuvwa muri iyo ngingo zitamufiteho “accès”, mu rwego rw’amategeko akaba agifatwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo abunganira ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry bavuga ko ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha bitamureba kuko yagizwe umwere mu rwego rwa mbere, kandi iyo ngingo itamureba kuko ireba gusa uwahamwe n’icyaha wahawe igihano kitarasaza, nta shingiro bifite, kuko urubanza rwagize ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry umwere rutaraba ntakuka kuko rwajuririwe, bityo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, akaba nta mpamvu yatuma adakurikiza ibikubiye muri iyo ngingo yishyikiriza inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha kugira ngo abazwe ku byaha akurikiranyweho bityo urubanza rwe rubone kongera kuburanishwa nk’uko ingingo ya 168 yavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi abunganira ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry mu mategeko, batarashoboye kwerekana uburenganzira afite bushingiye ku itegeko bumwemerera kuza mu rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru mu iburanisha rivuguruzanya yifashishije ikoranabuhanga, kandi uburyo yaburanishijwemo mu rwego rwa mbere butarigeze buhinduka, kuko budahindurwa n’uburyo ababuranyi babibona cyangwa babivuga nk’uko byavuzwe mu cyemezo cyajuririwe, ahubwo bigomba gukurikiza uko amategeko abiteganya. [25] Urukiko rusanga mu gihe ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yifuza kugaragara mu rubanza kugira ngo yisobanure ku byaha akurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha, ari ngombwa kubahiriza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha yasobanuwe haruguru, akishyikiriza inzego ziteganywa n’Itegeko (Ubugenzacyaha cyangwa Ubushinjacyaha), ibyo yakoze yitabira iburanisha mu Rukiko Rukuru mu rubanza ku bujurire rw’urubanza yaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera agahabwa ijambo nk’umuburanyi akoresheje ikoranabuhanga (Skype), bikaba binyuranyije n’ibyo itegeko riteganya, kuko utaburana kandi ukuboneka kwe kuvanaho icyemezo yafatiwe ku rwego rwa mbere akabazwa bundi bushya, nyamara Urukiko Rukuru rwo rukaba rwaremeje ko nta mpamvu yatuma atemererwa kuburana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, n’ubwo rwanategetse ko azabazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku mategeko rwagaragaje haruguru no ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kwemeza ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yabonetse rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yarwiyeretse kuri Skype mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 26/04/2021 ry’urubanza No RPA/ECON/00020/2021/HC/KIG, kuko ubwo buryo bunyuranyije n’uburyo uwaburanishijwe nk’uwihishe cyangwa watorotse ubutabera yigaragazamo buteganywa mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. Rurasanga kandi, hashingiwe kuri iyo ngingo y’Itegeko, urwo Rukiko rutaragombaga kumwemerera kwitabira iburanisha ngo rufate icyemezo gishingiye ku miburanire ye, kuba rwarabyemeye bikaba binyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo urubanza No

## Page 8

RPA/ECON/00020/HC/KIG, rukaba rugomba gukomeza kuburanishwa n’Urukiko Rukuru mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo rwaburanishijwemo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry agakomeza gufatwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera, cyangwa akishyikiriza inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha ziteganywa n’Itegeko. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga gutegeka ko Ubushinjacyaha bubaza ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. [27] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo nk’uwatorotse ubutabera, bujuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yigaragaza kuri Skype, bubwira Urukiko ko adakwiye kugaragara mu Rukiko ku rwego rw’Ubujurire kuko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 72 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha bitubahirijwe, nyuma yo kwiherera Urukiko rukabyemera, ariko rukemeza ko imihango yose yakozwe mbere iteshwa agaciro ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry akabazwa, ariko ko agomba kubazwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Buvuga ko ubazwa aba agomba gushyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo yakorewe, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakaba kuvuguruzanya, ko ibyo kubazwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga biramutse byemewe, haba hatanzwe umurongo wagira ingaruka itari nziza, kuko benshi mu bakurikiranwa bajya bawitwaza, kandi unyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 72 yavuzwe haruguru. [28] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo abunganira ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry bavuga ko ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryavuzwe haruguru bimutareba kuko yagizwe umwere atari byo, kuko urubanza rukiburanishwa rutaraba ndakuka, ko kandi kuba Ubushinjacyaha bwarajuriye nta cyemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudashobora guhinduka. [29] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko niba ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry ashaka kwiyereka ubutabera, akwiriye kwishyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha akabazwa imbonankubone nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko, ko ibyo avuga ko atihishe ubutabera atari byo, kuko kuba muri CANADA hari icyorezo cya COVID 19 atari impamvu yatuma atitaba, ko icyo cyorezo kiri kw’isi yose kandi muri CANADA indege zikaba zigenda. Ku kibazo cy’umuryango we (umugore we urwaye) na gahunda (rendez-vous) afite kwa muganga, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo bitaba impamvu zo kutitaba inzego z’iperereza kuko aramutse agaragaje ko zihuye n’itariki y’ibazwa, yahabwa indi tariki. [30] ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry avuga ko yatangiye gukurikiranwa ari mu rugendo rw’akazi muri CANADA, atari yo mu rwego rwo kwihisha cyangwa gutoroka ubutabera, ariko ko nta mpamvu agifite yo kuza mu Rwanda kuko nta kazi akihafite, hakaba hari n’izindi mpamvu zituma atagaragara imbere y’Urukiko, zikubiye mu ibaruwa yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko Rukuru ndetse no mu yo yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/06/2021, zirimo icyorezo cya COVID-19 gikomeje gukaza umurego muri CANADA kuko muri icyo gihugu ubu hari inkubiri yacyo ku nshuro ya kanne (4th wave of Covid-19), ibyo bikaba bituma nta hantu na hamwe ashobora kujya, akaba afite n’ikibazo cy’umuryango kuko umugore we afite uburwayi bwa Cancer bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru, ku buryo bimusaba kumwitaho no kumuba hafi by’umwihariko, ikindi nawe nyuma yo gukorera African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Next Einstein Initiative mu gihe kingana n’imyaka 10, icyo kigo cyamwirukanye bikamugiraho

## Page 9

ingaruka z’uburwayi ku buryo ahorana rendez-vous kwa muganga, izo zose akaba ari impamvu zikomeye zituma ataza mu Rwanda. [31] Me SADI Jashi avuga hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ingingo ya 92 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ubushinjacyaha bwari bufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubaza ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry, harimo no kuba bwamubaza hakozwe “commission rogatoire”, kandi ko muri iki gihe n’inyandikomvugo z’iburanisha zidashyirwaho imikono kubera ko hakoreshwa Skype, ko n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/PSV/SPEC 00001/2021/CS rwaciwe ku wa 04/02/2021, rwemeje ko COVID 19 ari impamvu itigobotorwa (force majeure), ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry ashobora no kubazwa hakoreshejwe zoom, kuko hajya hasuzumwa buri kibazo mu buryo bwihariye (cas par cas). [32] Me MUTABINGWA Aloys avuga ko ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda, iha buri muntu uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye, kandi ko ubwo burenganzira ari indemyagihugu, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba butabasha gusobanura icyahungabana mu gihe ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yaba abajijwe hifashishijwe ikoranabunga. Avuga ko ibijyanye no gushyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo atari ikibazo, kuko muri iki gihe no gushyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha bitagikorwa, ko uwo yunganira afite uburenganzira bukubiyemo no kumenyeshwa imiterere n’impamvu z’icyaha akurikiranyweho, kwiregura no kunganirwa, ndetse n’ubwo kwisobanura buteganywa n’ingingo ya 68 y’ itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo yaryo ya 168, igika cya 1, y’ Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru ikagira iti: “Iyo uwaciriwe urubanza yaratorotse cyangwa yarihishe ubutabera yishyikirije Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha cyangwa Ubuyobozi bwa Gereza cyangwa afashwe igihano kitarasaza, urubanza n’imihango yakozwe guhera ku cyemezo cyamutegekaga kwitaba kugeza urubanza ruciwe bita agaciro agakurikiranwa mu buryo busanzwe”. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yabonetse rushingiye ku buryo ababuranyi babibona, aho gushingira ku byo itegeko riteganya, rumuha ijambo mu rubanza kandi yaragombaga kuburanishwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera, bituma rusuzuma imbogamizi yarugejejeho avuga ko zituma adashobora kuza mu Rwanda, nyamara Urukiko atari rwo rwagombaga kubwirwa no gusuzuma izo mbogamizi kuko inzego z’iperereza zavuzwe haruguru ari zo ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry yagombaga kumenyesha imbogamizi afite, aho kuba Urukiko ruburanisha ubujurire bw’urubanza yaciriwe nk’uwihishe ubutabera. [35] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Urukiko Rukuru atari rwo rwagombaga gusuzuma imbogamizi ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry avuga ko zituma adashobora kugera mu Rwanda, kubera ko ibijyanye n’uburyo abakurikiranweho ibyaha babazwa bitari mu bubasha bwarwo, uru Rukiko narwo rutagomba kuzisuzuma kuko atari rwo rubishinzwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

## Page 10

[36] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha gifite ishingiro ; [37] Rwemeje ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RPA/ECON/00020/2021/HC/KIG mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/04/2021 cy’uko Ubushinjacyaha bugomba kubaza ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (online) kivanweho ; [38] Rutegetse ko iburanisha ry’urubanza no RPA/ECON/00020/2021/HC/KIG ruri mu Rukiko Rukuru, rikomeza, ZOMAHOUN Sosthène Thierry akaburanishwa nk’uwihishe ubutabera nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ; [39] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza abaye asubitswe.