UKWIZAGIRA N’ABANDI vs. BAKHRESA GRAIN MILLING RWANDA Ltd

# UKWIZAGIRA N’ABANDI vs. BAKHRESA GRAIN MILLING RWANDA Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-10-11 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00002/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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UKWIZAGIRA N’ABANDI vs. BAKHRESA GRAIN MILLING RWANDA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00002/2024/SC (Mukamulisa, J. P., Cyanzayire na Kalihangabo, J.) 11 Ukwakira 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano – N’ubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho amukorera, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano – Umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ukwizagira na Bagenzi be bari Abakozi ba Bakhresa Grain Milling Rwanda Ltd (BGM Rwanda) kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, bakora akazi ko gupakira, gupakurura no gukora amasuku, buri wese agahembwa buri kwezi umushahara ungana na 148.000 Frw. Kuko bakoraga nta masezerano yanditse bafite, baje gukorerwa amasezerano y’igihe kizwi cy’amezi atatu, batangira guhembwa nka nyakabyizi kandi hagendewe ku ngano y’ibyo yapakiye cyangwa yapakuruye ku munsi. Kuko ayo masezerano ngo atari yubahirije amategeko, biyambaje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kugira ngo abumvikanishe ariko ntibyakunda, bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. Muri urwo Rukiko Rwisumbuye, Abarega bareze basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko birukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, Umukoresha wabo agategekwa kubaha indishyi zitandukanye kubera iryo seswa ry’amasezerano bari bafitanye ritubahirije amategeko. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Abarega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka Umukoresha wabo guha buri wese indishyi zisimbura ikiruhuko ndetse n’amafaranga y’amagarama, ay’ikurirkiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka. Umukoresha wabo BGM Rwanda yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko rukuraho indishyi yaciwe kuko nta kimenyetso abari abakozi bayo berekanye kigaragaza ko bayikoreye kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, kandi ko bahembwaga umushahara ungana na 148.000Frw ku kwezi mbere ya 2017, umwaka bakorewe amasezerano yanditse. Aba na bo batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko amasezerano atanditse yo kuva 2013 yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rukabagenera n’indishyi zijyanye n’iryo seswa. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RSOCA00295/2020/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa BGM Rwanda bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose maze rutegeka buri wese kuyishyura Umukoresha wabo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka. Abarega basabye ko urwo rubanza RSOCA00295/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, barabyemererwa, ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, habanza gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba amasezerano y’umurimo yarasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Kuri icyo kibazo, Abarega abavuga mu rubanza rusubirishwamo Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibimenyetso batanze bigizwe n’amabaruwa atandukanye bagiye bandikira Uregwa mbere y’uko bahabwa amasezerano yanditse, kubera ibibazo bari bafitanye bifuzaga ko bikemurwa. Ikindi ni uko Urukiko rwasesenguye nabi ibyo Uregwa yavugiye imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo kuko ibyo baregeraga ari ibyabaye mbere y’amasezerano yanditse, ariko babiregera bari mu kazi nyuma yo guhabwa amasezerano mashya.

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Abarega bavuga kandi ko bahembwaga buri kwezi umushahara uzwi ungana na 148.000Frw, bakawuhembwa mu ntoki ntaho basinye. Kuba nta kimenyetso bagaragaje, Uregwa we ubihakana ko atayabahemye ari we wakagombye kubitangira ibimenyetso. Uregwa ariwe wari umukoresha wabo, yireguye avuga ko Abarega batigeze baba abakozi bayo ku buryo buhoraho mbere ya 2017, nta kimenyetso na kimwe batanze kibigaragaza, kandi ko bakabaye barabigaragaje mu nyandiko banditse muri 2016 basaba akazi cyangwa mu nyandiko z’imyirondoro yabo zaherekezaga ayo mabaruwa asaba akazi. Ku bijyanye n’umushahara bavuga ko bahembwaga buri kwezi nta kuri kwabyo kuko nta kimenyetso babitangiye, ahubwo bakoraga nka nyakabyizi aho batakoraga buri munsi akazi ko gupakira no gupakurura, bigatuma bahembwa umushahara uhindagurika. Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe kandi ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba hari amafaranga Abarega batahembwe ku buryo BGM Rwanda yategekwa kuyishyura, aho bavuga ko kuba umukoresha yarahinduye amasezerano, akagabanya umushahara w’abakozi, yategekwa kubaha ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara bahembwe mu gihe bari bafite amasezerano yanditse n’umushahara bari basanzwe bahembwa. Uregwa yireguye kuri iki kibazo avuga ko icyo kinyuranyo cy’umushahara Abarega basaba nta shingiro bigomba guhabwa kubera ko bagiye bahembwa umushahara hakurikijwe uko babaga bakoze, ndetse bakaba nta kimenyetso bigeze batanga kigaragaza ko bahembwaga umushahara umwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: N’ubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho amukorera, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano – Umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite. Imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA 00295/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ntihindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 4. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 15, 33 n’iya 54. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC00006/2022/SC, Nsengiyumva Ismaël na Hayton Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be bareze Bakharesa Grain Milling Rwanda Ltd (BGM Rwanda muri uru rubanza) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, basaba ko yategekwa kubishyura indishyi kubera gusesa amasezerano y’akazi ku buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, integuza, imperekeza, konji batahawe, icyemezo cy’umukoresha no kubatangira imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB. [2] Basobanura ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2013 bari abakozi ba BGM Rwanda, bakora imirimo yo gupakira no gupakurura mu ruganda no gukora isuku, buri wese ahembwa umushahara ungana na 148.000Frw ku kwezi, ariko ko umukoresha atigeze abaha amasezerano y’umurimo yanditse kandi akanabahemba mu ntoki. Bavuga ko byageze muri 2017 BGM Rwanda ikabategeka kwandika basaba akazi bundi bushya, bagakorerwa amasezerano yanditse y’igihe kizwi cy’amezi 3. Bongeraho ko ayo masezerano atari yubahirije amategeko kuko bakomeje gukora umurimo wo gupakira, gupakurura no

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gukora isuku mu ruganda, nyamara bakagabanyirizwa umushahara batabyumvikanyeho, buri wese agahembwa nka nyakabyizi hagendewe ku ngano y’ibyo yapakiye cyangwa yapakuruye ku munsi. Basobanura ko ibyo byatumye biyambaza Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kugira ngo abumvikanishe n’umukoresha wabo, ariko ntibyagira icyo bitanga, bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. [3] BGM Rwanda yireguye ivuga ko abarega babeshya ko bayikoreye kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, kandi baratangiye kuyikorera ku itariki ya 01/01/2017 nkuko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’akazi buri wese yashyizeho umukono ku wa 28/12/2016. Isobanura ko iyo baza kuba barayikoreraga mbere ya 2017 baba barabigaragaje mu myirondoro (C.V) batanze basaba akazi. Ivuga kandi ko amasezerano ya buri wese yagiye arangira hakurikijwe uburyo buteganywa n’amategeko, kuko bagiye bahabwa ibyo amategeko abateganyiriza byose. [4] Urubanza rwatangiye abarega ari benshi, ibirego byabo bihurizwa mu rubanza RSOC00087/2019/TGI/GSBO no mu rubanza No RSOC 00030/2019/TGI/GSBO, ariko abareze mu rubanza RSOC00087/2019/TGI/GSBO basaba ko ikirego cyabo cyatandukanywa n’ikirego cy’abareze mu rubanza RSOC00030/2019/TGI/GSBO. Urukiko rwemeje ko ibyo birego byombi bitandukanywa, rukomeza kuburanisha gusa ikirego cy’abavugwa mu rubanza RSOC00030/2019/TGI/GSBO, ari nabo bagaragajwe nk’abarega muri uru rubanza. [5] Ku wa 9/11/2020, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ibirego bya Iradukunda Ludovic, Mukeshimana Remgion, Basabose Noël, Habiyakare Damien, Rukundo, Habimana Jean Pierre, Habumugisha Evariste, Sindikubwabo Eric, Ukwizagira Gaspard, Ndibutse Jean Claude, Byiringiro Théogène, Sibomana Emmanuel, Sindizera Stina, Matabaro Pascal, Tuyizere Eric na Kanzeguhera Siméon bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka BGM Rwanda guha buri wese 703.600Frw akubiyemo amafaranga asimbura ikiruhuko, ay’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, hamwe na 20.000Frw y’ingwate y’igarama. [6] Urukiko rwatanze ibisobanuro bikurikira a. N’ubwo nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse agaragaza ko Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi bakoreye BGM Rwanda kuva muri 2013, inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana yo ku wa 10/12/2018 yakozwe n’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Gasabo igaragaza ko uhagarariye BGM Rwanda yavuze ko ibyo basaba bitahabwa ishingiro mu gihe bakiri mu kazi, icyo akaba ari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko abarega bari abakozi bayo bagengwaga n’amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi kugeza mu 2016. b. Ibyo Abarega bavuga ko amasezerano yabo y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi yasheshwe n’umukoresha batabyumvikanyeho muri 2016, nta kuri kurimo kuko amasezerano y’akazi yanditse y’igihe kizwi bagiranye ku wa 28/12/2016, agatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku wa 01/01/2017, agaragaza ko buri wese yayashyizeho umukono kandi yanditsemo ko bayagiranye nyuma y’ubusabe n’ibiganiro; ibi bikumvikanisha ko amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi bari bafitanye atahinduwe ay’igihe kizwi ku bushake bw’umukoresha gusa, ahubwo ko yakozwe ku bushake bw’impande zombi. Bivuze rero ko amafaranga basaba y’integuza, ay’imperekeza n’ay’indishyi z’akababaro z’uko amasezerano yabo y’igihe kitazwi yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko batayagenerwa. c. Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be nta ndishyi bahabwa z’uko umushahara wabo wagabanyijwe ukajya munsi y’uwo bari basanzwe bahembwa nyuma yo guhabwa amasezerano y’igihe kizwi, kuko muri ayo masezerano hagaragaramo ko umushahara wa buri wese uzajya ushingira ku mubare w’imifuka yapakiye cyangwa yapakuruye. d. BGM Rwanda ntiyategekwa guha uwo ariwe wese mu barega icyemezo cy’akazi cyangwa indishyi zigikomokaho, kuko byagaragaye ko icyabayeho ari uguhindura amasezerano y’akazi yabagengaga, ariko akazi kakaba karakomeje.

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e. Ku birebana n’amafaranga asimbura ibiruhuko, uregwa ntiyabashije kugaragariza Urukiko ikimenyetso cyerekana ko abarega bahawe ibiruhuko, bakaba bagomba kugenerwa ay’umwaka wa 2016 gusa, naho aya mbere y’uwo mwaka bakaba batayagenerwa kuko buri wese yayasabye nyuma y’imyaka ibiri yateganywaga n’ingingo ya 54 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda. Ni nako bigomba kugenda ku bijyanye n’imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB, kuko nayo uregwa atabashije kugaragaza ko yayibishyuriye mbere y’umwaka wa 2017. [7] BGM Rwanda ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, ijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko itigeze yemerera Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ko abaregwa bayikoreye kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, kandi ko Urukiko rwemeje ko abaregwa bakoreraga 148.000Frw ku kwezi mbere ya 2017 nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho, isaba ko indishyi yaciwe zakurwaho. [8] Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be buririye kuri ubwo bujurire basaba ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakwemeza ko amasezerano atanditswe bakoreragaho kuva muri 2013 yasheshwe ku buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rukabagenera indishyi batahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

[9] Ku wa 27/01/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RSOCA00295/2020 /HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa BGM Rwanda bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose, rwemeza ko uregwa wese muri uru rubanza agomba kwishyura BGM Rwanda 1.500.000Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, buri wese agatanga 93.750Frw. [10] Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: a. Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be nta kimenyetso bagaragarije Urukiko ko bari abakozi ba BGM Rwanda bahoraho kuva muri 2013, nka lisiti basinyagaho, bityo amasezerano yabo akaba atarigeze aseswa ku buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, cyane cyane ko muri 2017 basinye amasezerano y’igihe kizwi ku bushake bwabo; iyo basanga barasezerewe ku buryo budahuje n’amategeko, ntibari kwemera gusinya ahubwo bari kubiregera. b. Mu nyandiko-mvugo y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yo ku wa 10/12/2016, ntaho BGM Rwanda yigeze ivuga ko Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be bayikoreye kuva mu 2013, ndetse n’inyandiko ya Banki (bank statement) ntigaragaza ko hari umushahara bahembwaga buri kwezi, bityo bakaba nta ndishyi bagenerwa zishingiye ku mafaranga 148.000 bavuga ko bahembwaga buri kwezi. [11] Nyuma y’uko Urukiko Rukuru ruciye urwo rubanza, Ukwizagira Gaspard mu izina rya bagenzi be yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko bw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RSOCA00295/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/01/2022, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yoherereje Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo yarukozeho, maze nawe yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rwandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC00002/2024/SC. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2024, abarega bose bahagarariwe na Me Karega Pascal Blaise naho BGM Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me Ndutiye Youssuf. Mu iburanisha, uhagarariye BGM Rwanda yavuze ko atanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha, ko ikirego cya Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be kigamije gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko ibimenyetso bavuze ko byirengagijwe ari bishya, bakaba ahubwo baragombaga gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya. Yasobanuye ko ibimenyetso bishya bigizwe n’amabaruwa yo mu 2014 na 2015, kuko atigeze avugwaho mu manza zabanje. [13] Uhagarariye abarega yavuze ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha uregwa yatanze atabasha kuyisobanura, kandi ko atagombye kuyitanga mu gihe cy’iburanisha. Yasobanuye ko ibimenyetso uregwa avuga ko

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byirengagijwe atari bishya, kuko amabaruwa yavuzwe ari muri IECMS, ndetse no mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo akaba avugwa ku rupapuro rwa 5, igika cya 9. [14] Urukiko rwafatiye icyemezo mu ntebe, rusobanura ko hari umurongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza zinyuranye, ugaragaza ko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yamaze kwemeza ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, akagena urukiko ruruburanisha, nta yindi nzitizi ishobora gutangwa keretse ari ndemyagihugu, kandi inzitizi yatanzwe n’uhagarariye BGM Rwanda ikaba atari ndemyagihugu; bityo iburanisha rikaba rigomba gukomeza mu mizi. [15] Iburanisha ryakomeje hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba amasezerano y’umurimo yarasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, icyo kumenya niba hari amafaranga abarega batahembwe ku buryo BGM Rwanda yategekwa kuyishyura, ndetse n’ibyerekeye indishyi. Ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 11/10/2024. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’umurimo yarasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije amategeko [16] Ukwizera Gaspard na bagenzi be bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso bagaragaje ko bari abakozi ba BGM Rwanda bahoraho kuva muri 2013 kugeza bakorewe amasezerano mashya yanditse, rwirengagiza ko hari ibimenyetso bibigaragaza batanze bigizwe n’amabaruwa anyuranye. Bavuga ko mbere y’uko hakorwa amasezerano yanditse, hari amabaruwa banditse arebana n’akazi bakoraga, nk’ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/07/2014 bandikiye umukoresha bamusaba inama rusange, n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 18/08/2015 bandikiye Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo bagaragaza ibibazo bari bafite mu kazi basaba ubuvugizi. [17] Bavuga kandi ko hari andi mabaruwa banditse nyuma yo gukora amasezerano yanditse, nk’ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/10/2018 bandikiye umukoresha bamusaba kubahindurira amasezerano kuko harimo ibibazo bikomeye birenze ibyo bari bafite mbere bagifite amasezerano atanditse, n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/03/2019 banditse bakiri mu kazi ubwo bari bamaze kumenya ko batazongererwa amasezerano, basaba ko mu gihe baba bahawe icyemezo cy’umukoresha hazitabwa no ku gihe bamaze bakora badafite amasezerano yanditse. [18] Bavuga nanone ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye nabi ibyo BGM Rwanda yavugiye imbere y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, kuko ibyo baregeraga ari ibyabaye mbere y’amasezerano yanditse, ariko babiregera bari mu kazi nyuma yo guhabwa amasezerano mashya, nk’uko inyandiko yo kutumvikana ibigaragaza. [19] Basobanura ko mbere yo gukora amasezerano yanditse, bari basanganywe amaseserano y’umurimo atanditse y’igihe kitazwi, bahembwa umushahara ungana na 148.000Frw ariko bawuhabwa mu ntoki. Bavuga ko mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2016, umukoresha yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura amasezerano y’umurimo atabyumvikanye n’abakozi, asaba buri wese kwandika asaba akazi no kuzana imyirondoro, maze abasinyisha amasezerano y’igihe cy’amezi atatu yongerwa. Bongeraho ko muri ayo masezerano nta mushahara wari uteganyijwe, ahubwo ko hari handitse ko buri mukozi azajya abarirwa ibyo yakoze ku munsi, akaba ari byo ahemberwa mu mpera z’ukwezi, amafaranga akanyuzwa ku ma konti yabo. Bavuga ko ayo masezerano yagiye yongerwa kugeza ku itariki ya 31/03/2019. [20] Ku bijyanye no kuba baba barahinduye ikirego kuko mu nkiko zibanza baburanye bavuga ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ariko ku rwego rw’akarengane bakavuga ko amasezerano yahinduwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be bavuga ko batahinduye ikirego ahubwo ko habayeho kwibeshya ku magambo yakoreshejwe, ikiri cyo akaba ari uko amasezerano yasheshwe.

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[21] Ku birebana no kuba nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko bahembwaga 148.000Frw, abarega bavuga ko bayahembwaga mu ntoki ntaho basinye, ahubwo ko BGM Rwanda ibihakana yagombye kugaragaza ikimenyetso kivuguruza uwo mubare, kandi ko hari imanza zaciwe zabaye itegeko zarangijwe aho BGM Rwanda yategetswe kwishyura abakozi bareze ishingiye kuri uwo mushahara. Basobanura ko bakoraga iminsi yose, ndetse n’amasaha y’ikirenga, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amabaruwa yo mu mwaka wa 2013. [22] BGM Rwanda yiregura ivuga ko abarega batigeze baba abakozi bayo ku buryo buhoraho mbere ya 2017, ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe batanze kibigaragaza, kandi ko bakabaye barabigaragaje mu nyandiko banditse muri 2016 basaba akazi cyangwa mu nyandiko z’imyirondoro yabo zaherekezaga ayo mabaruwa asaba akazi. Ivuga ko n’uwaba yarayikoreye mbere ya 2017 yaba yarakoze nka nyakabyizi ahita yigendera. [23] BGM Rwanda ivuga kandi ko umushahara ungana na 148.000 Frw abarega bavuga ko bahembwaga ku kwezi nta kimenyetso na kimwe kiwugaragaza, ko na historiques batanze nta n’imwe igaragaza ko bayakoreye. Yongeraho ko akazi bakoraga ari ako gupakira no gupakurura, bakaba batarakoraga buri munsi, ari nayo mpamvu bahembwaga umushahara uhindagurika nk’uko byemejwe na bamwe mu bo bakoranaga igihe bari ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo ku wa 17/01/2014, barimo uwitwa Kazungu na Niyitanga Félicien. [24] Ku birebana n’imanza abarega bavuze ko zaciwe, BGM Rwanda ivuga ko izo manza zireba abaziburanye gusa, zitareba abarega muri uru rubanza. Ivuga ko n’ibyashingiweho mu kuzica batabiburanisha muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane kuko bidahura, nko kuba urubanza rwa mbere rwaraburanishijwe BGM Rwanda idahari, nyuma ikaza kuregera Urwego rw’Umuvunyi igaragaza ko yarenganye. Nyuma y’iperereza, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwemeje ko umukono w’Umuhesha w’Inkiko atariwo, ahubwo ko ari ibyo abarega BGM Rwanda babaga biganye, ku buryo yabiregeye nk’inyandiko mpimbano, urubanza rukaba ruri mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya mbere, agace ka 33, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga mu gihe abarega bavuga ko bari bafitanye na BGM Rwanda amasezerano y’umurimo atanditse, iteganya ko umukozi uhoraho ari umukozi uhabwa akazi mu gihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi ariko umaze nibura amezi atandatu akurikiranye akorera umukoresha umwe. Mu gace ka 34, iyo ngingo igateganya ko umukozi wa nyakabyizi ari umukozi ukoreshwa umunsi ku munsi. [26] Ingingo ya 15, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, iteganya ko amasezerano y’akazi ashobora kuba ayanditse cyangwa atanditse. Akorwa ku buryo bunogeye bene kuyagirana ku mpande zombi igihe bitabangamiye ingingo ya 19 y’iri tegeko. Gihamya y’amasezerano ishobora kuba uburyo bwose bubonetse. [27] Ibiteganyijwe n’izi ngingo byasesenguwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00006/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Nsengiyumva Ismaël na Hayton Ltd. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho amukorera, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano kuko bihita byumvikana ko bayafitanye ariko atanditse. Urukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko kugira ngo byemezwe, umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. [28] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Ibiteganywa

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n’iyo ngingo, binahura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 4, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aburana. [29] Abarega bavuga ko bari abakozi bahoraho kuva muri 2013 kugeza bakorerwa amasezerano yanditse muri 2017, bakaba bari bafitanye n’umukoresha amasezerano atanditse y’igihe kitazwi, bahabwa umushahara ungana na 148 000 Frw ku kwezi. Ibimenyetso batanze, bigizwe n’ibi bikurikira: a. Ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/07/2014 bandikiye umukoresha bamusaba inama rusange; b. Ibaruwa yo ku wa 18/08/2015 bandikiye Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo bagaragaza ibibazo bari bafite mu kazi basaba ubuvugizi; c. Ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/10/2018 bandikiye umukoresha bamusaba kubahindurira amasezerano; d. Ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/03/2019 banditse bakiri mu kazi ubwo bari bamaze kumenya ko batazongererwa amasezerano. [30] Bigaragara ko ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/07/2014 yanditswe n’uwitwa Hanyurwimfura Jean Marie Vianney, mu izina ry’abakozi bashinzwe gupakurura ingano muri AZAM baboneka ku rutonde ruri ku mugereka. Uretse kuba kuri urwo rutonde hari abarega batagaragaraho, nta n’ubwo iyo baruwa igaragaza niba abayiriho bari bamaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu akurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho bakorera uregwa. Urukiko rusanga rero icyo kimenyetso ntacyo gifasha abarega mu rubanza. [31] Ibaruwa yo ku wa 18/08/2015 nayo yanditswe na Hanyurwimfura Jean Marie Vianney mu izina ry’abakozi bashinzwe gupakira no gupakurura muri Bakharesa Grain Milling Rwanda Ltd, basaba Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ubuvugizi ku bibazo by’abakozi. Iyo baruwa abenshi mu barega ntibayigaragaraho, kandi nayo ntigaragaza niba barakoreye uregwa mu buryo buhoraho mu gihe nibura kingana n’amezi atandatu akurikiranye. [32] Ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/10/2018 Ukwizagira Gaspard yanditse mu izina ry’abandi bakozi barimo n’abo barega hamwe, basaba umukoresha gusesa amasezerano cyangwa kuyahindura, nayo ntigaragaza niba barakoreye BGM Rwanda mu gihe kingana nibura n’amezi atandatu akurikiranye. [33] Ku bijyanye n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/03/2019, uretse kuba bamwe mu barega bagaragara ku mugereka wayo, bavugamo ko hari igihe bamaze bakorera BGM Rwanda hashingiwe ku masezerano atanditse, ntaho igaragaza ko bakoze igihe kingana nibura n’amezi atandatu akurikiranye. [34] Urukiko rusanga kandi, mu bimenyetso abarega barushyikirije, nta kigaragaza aho baba barahembwe umushahara ungana na 148.000Frw buri kwezi kuva muri 2013 kugeza muri 2017. [35] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ntacyo rwashingiraho rwemeza ko abarega babaye abakozi bahoraho ba BGM Rwanda kuva muri 2013 kugeza muri 2017, bagengwa n’amasezerano atanditse y’igihe kitazwi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urukiko rurasanga nta masezerano y’umurimo yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko nta kigaragaza ko yabayeho. 2. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga abarega batahembwe ku buryo BGM Rwanda yategekwa kuyishyura [36] Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be bavuga ko kuba umukoresha yarahinduye amasezerano, akagabanya umushara w’abakozi, Urukiko rwamutegeka gutanga amafaranga yagiye abura buri kwezi kugira ngo umushahara ube wuzuye mu gihe cyose bamaze bakora, kandi ko ikimenyetso ari historique bancaire igaragaza amafaranga buri wese yahembwaga. Bavuga ko amafaranga bishyuza ateye mu buryo bukurikira: a. Ukwizagira Gaspard: 1.040.120Frw;

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b. Habiyakare Damien: 1.057.373Frw; c. Basabose Noël: 1.156.392Frw; d. Sindizera Stina: 1.178.257Frw; e. Rukundo: 1.065.708Frw; f. Kanzeguhera Siméon: 1.608.958Frw; g. Sibomana Emmanuel: 1.066.595Frw; h. Habumugisha Evariste: 1.144.695Frw; i. Ndibutse: 927.974Frw; j. Sindikubwabo Eric: 1.176.997Frw; k. Habimana Jean Pierre: 1.147.726Frw; l. Iradukunda Ludovic: 1.340.298Frw; m. Matabaro Pascal: 1.010.685Frw; n. Byiringiro Théogène: 1.223.300Frw; o. Mukeshimana Remgion: 563.729Frw; p. Tuyizere Eric: 1.023.844Frw. [37] Basobanura ko akazi katahindutse, bityo ko umukoresha atagombaga guhindura umushahara, ari yo mpamvu basaba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara bahembwe mu gihe bari bafite amasezerano yanditse n’umushahara bari basanzwe bahembwa. [38] BGM Rwanda ivuga ko ibivugwa n’abarega nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta bimenyetso babitangira, ahubwo ko hari bank statement BGM Rwanda yatanze zigaragaza uko kuva muri 2017, abarega bagiye bahembwa umushahara hakurikijwe uko babaga bakoze. Ivuga kandi ko abasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane batigeze baba abakozi ba BGM Rwanda ku buryo buhoraho mbere ya 2017. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, urega aba afite inshingano zo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera, yabibura agatsindwa. [40] Abarega bavuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2017, BGM Rwanda yahinduye amasezerano ikagabanya umushahara bari basanzwe bahembwa buri kwezi ungana na 148.000Frw, bakaba basaba ikinyuranyo batahawe, bagasobanura ko ikimenyetso bashingiraho ari historiques bancaires zigaragaza amafaranga buri wese yahembwaga. [41] Urukiko rusanga, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, nta kimenyetso abarega barushyikirije kigaragaza ko babaye abakozi bahoraho ba BGM Rwanda kuva muri 2013 kugeza muri 2017, bagengwa n’amasezerano atanditse y’igihe kitazwi, kandi bahembwa buri kwezi 148.000Frw. Historiques bancaires bavuga ko bashingiraho nk’ikimenyetso, bigaragara ko zihera mu mwaka wa 2017, hakaba nta n’imwe igaragaza ko mbere y’uwo mwaka bahembwaga buri kwezi 148.000Frw. [42] Urukiko rusanga kandi, abarega badakwiye kuvuga ko bagabanyirijwe umushahara kuva muri 2017, mu gihe mu masezerano bagiranye na BGM Rwanda mu Kuboza 2016 bashyikirije Urukiko, bemeranyijwe ko umushahara uzajya ushingira ku mubare w’imifuka yapakiwe cyangwa yapakuruwe.

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[43] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta mafaranga abarega batahembwe ku buryo BGM Rwanda yategekwa kuyishyura. 3. Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’indishyi [44] Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be bavuga ko kuba umukoresha yarasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akaba ataratanze ibiteganywa n’amategeko, aribyo integuza, imperekeza, gusesa amasezerano y’umurimo nta mpamvu, konji zishyurwa, imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize n’icyemezo cy’umukoresha, BGM Rwanda ikwiye gucibwa indishyi kuri bose zikurikira: a. Indishyi kubera gusesa amasezerano = 148.000Frw x 6 = 888.000Frw; b. Integuza = 148.000Frw x 1 = 148. 000Frw; c. Imperekeza = 148.000Frw X 1 = 148.000Frw; d. Konji zishyurwa = 148.000Frw x 1 = 148.000Frw; e. Icyemezo cy’umukoresha = 148.000Frw x 6 = 888.000Frw. Abarega bavuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko gutegeka uregwa gutanga imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB. [45] Ukwizagira Gaspard na bagenzi be basaba Urukiko gutegeka BGM Rwanda gutanga amafaranga angana na 1.500.000Frw kuri buri mukozi urega, akubiyemo 1.300.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. Bavuga ko ibyo basaba babishingira ku kuba umukoresha yarasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akaba atarabashije no kumvikana n’abakozi ku rwego rw’ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo ari nabyo byatumye bajya mu nkiko, bagakoresha ubutunzi bwabo mu gushyiraho umunyamategeko no gukurikirana urubanza kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kugeza ubu basubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [46] BGM Rwanda ivuga ko indishyi zisabwa nta shingiro zifite, kuko abarega batigeze baba abakozi bayo ku buryo buhoraho mbere ya 2017 nk’uko bisobanurwa n'ingingo ya 1, agace ka 33 y'Itegeko ry'umurimo N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009. Ivuga ko buri wese yiyandikiye ibaruwa isaba akazi, yuzuza umwirondoro we, kandi muri izo nyandiko ntihagire n’umwe uvuga ko yigeze gukorera BGM Rwanda mbere ya 2017 kuko bari bazi ko bitigeze bibaho. Yongeraho ko abarega bivuguruza ku gihe batangiriye akazi, bakavuga umushahara utarigeze ubaho ku bapakira n’abapakurura, ndetse ibyo bavuga bakaba batabitangira ibimenyetso. [47] BGM Rwanda isaba ko abasuribirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane bacibwa 500.000 Frw buri wese y'igihembo cy’Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [48] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka abarega basaba batabihabwa kuko badatsinze urubanza. Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo bagomba kwishyura BGM Rwanda amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka yasabye. Icyakora, kuko amafaranga BGM Rwanda isaba ari menshi kandi itayatangira ibimenyetso, Urukiko rurasanga yagenerwa mu bushishozi bwarwo 500.000 Frw, abarega bakaba bagomba gufatanya kuyishyura III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [49] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ukwizagira Gaspard, Iradukunda Ludovic, Mukeshimana Remgion, Basabose Noël, Habiyakare Damien, Rukundo, Habimana Jean Pierre, Habumugisha Evariste, Sindikubwabo Eric, Ndibutse Jean Claude, Byiringiro Théogène, Sibomana Emmanuel, Sindizera Stina,

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Matabaro Pascal, Tuyizere Eric na Kanzeguhera Siméon, cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA00295/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/01/2022, nta shingiro gifite. [50] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA00295/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/01/2022, idahindutse. [51] Rutegetse Ukwizagira Gaspard, Iradukunda Ludovic, Mukeshimana Remgion, Basabose Noël, Habiyakare Damien, Rukundo, Habimana Jean Pierre, Habumugisha Evariste, Sindikubwabo Eric, Ndibutse Jean Claude, Byiringiro Théogène, Sibomana Emmanuel, Sindizera Stina, Matabaro Pascal, Tuyizere Eric na Kanzeguhera Siméon, gufatanya kwishyura Bakharesa Grain Milling Rwanda Ltd 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka.