UMUJYI WA KIGALI v. ABAZUNGURA BA RWIGARA

# UMUJYI WA KIGALI v. ABAZUNGURA BA RWIGARA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-09 - Case/document no.: RADAA00008/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UMUJYI WA KIGALI v. ABAZUNGURA BA RWIGARA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RADAA00008/2022/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J., Munyangeri na Kamere, J.) 09 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubutegetsi – Ubujurire – Ingingo z’ubujurire – Urukiko rwajuririwe rufata icyemezo kuri buri ngingo y’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe, ariko ibirego bishya bikaba bitemewe kuri urwo rwego. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Itangwa ry’ibimenyetso – Buri wese mu bafitanye ikibazo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso bishimangira ukuri kw’ibyo aburanisha. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubutegetsi – Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi – Kuba ubujurire bw’iremezo bwakiriwe, ubujurire bubushamikiyeho na bwo bugomba kwakirwa hakurikijwe ihame ko, aho ikibazo cy’iremezo kerekejwe, ari naho ibigishamikiyeho byerekezwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Rwigara yareze Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ko kamwimuye mumu mutungo we ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, mu buryo budakurikije amategeko agenga iyimurwa kubw’inyungu rusange. Akarere kireguye kavuga ko kamwimuye mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko, ariko mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE Urukiko rwemeje ko kagomba kumwimura mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kakamwishyura amafaranga y’igihembo cy’avoka. Binyujijwe ku Rwego rw’Umuvunyi, Umuvunyi yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko rudashobora kurangizwa arabyemererwa, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/REV/INJUST/AD0001/16/CS. Muri urwo rubanza, uwitwa Mukangemanyi yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira icyo kirego cy’akarengane, kuko cyatanzwe Akarere katararangiza kubahiriza inzira zose z’ubujurire. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inzitizi ifite ishingiro, ko icyo kirego kitakiriwe, maze rutegeka Akarere kumwishyura amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka. Abazungura ba Rwigara bongeye kurega Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, basaba Urukiko gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali waje gusimbura ako Karere muri izi manza, kurangiza urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE, banasaba guhabwa ingurane ku kibanza, indishyi zo kwimurwa n’amafaranga y’igihembo cy’umuhanga wakoze umushinga kuri ubwo butaka na “astreinte”. Akarere ka Nyarugenge kireguye kavuga ko katigeze kanga kurangiza urwo rubanza, ko ahubwo kananiwe kurushyira mu bikorwa bitewe n’uburyo rwaciwe. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Abazungura gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka Akarere gushyira mu bikorwa urwo rubanza, Abazungura bagahabwa ingurane mu mafaranga ku butaka buherereye Rugenge kuri nimero 5860 bwari bufite ubuso bwa 68 a 47ca, ni ukuvuga 6.847 m2. Umujyi wa Kigali wasimbuye Akarere ka Nyarugenge wajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, uvuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa hafashwe umwanzuro urenze imbibe z’icyaregewe, ko umugenagaciro yakoreye igenagaciro ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 cyahoranye nimero 5860, agaragaza ko gifite ubuso bwa 6.847 m2, nyamara gifite 6.410 m2, usaba urukiko gukosora ayo makosa. Abazungura ba Rwigara batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, basaba urukiko gusuzuma impamvu Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutabageneye amafaranga yishyuwe inyigo y’umushinga, basaba no guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa idahindutse, Rwemeje kandi ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’Abazungura bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Iki cyemezo Umujyi wa Kigali wakijuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, habanza gutangwa inzitizi n’Uhagarariye Abazungura ba Rwigara ko Umujyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe, ariko nyuma yo kuyisuzuma Urukiko rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali buri mu bubasha bwarwo, iburanisha rikomeza mu mizi.

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Mbere y’uko urubanza rutangira kuburanishwa, Urukiko rwasabye Umujyi wa Kigali kubanza kugaragaza ubuso wemera gutangira ingurane ikwiye n’igice RSSB yatangiye ingurane ikwiye ku kibanza kiburanwa cyahoze ari 5860 n’aho babishingira. Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko Urukiko rutaciriye urubanza ku cyo rutaregewe, ko ahubwo rwishyize mu mwanya w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge, rwemeza ingurane ikwiye ihabwa abazungura ba Rwigara, ikibazo kiba ko rwakoreye “expropriation” ku butaka butari bwo, ntihanakorwa igenagaciro mvuguruza (contre- expertise), aho rwavuze ko ubutaka bwari bufite nimero 5860 ari bwo bwahindutse UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 kandi atari byo. Usaba uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma niba “fiche cadastrale” ari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko abazungura ba Rwigara ari ba nyir’umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye, no gusuzuma niba igenagaciro ryakorewe ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 umugenagaciro yavuze ko bwahoze ari 5860 ryaragombaga gushingirwaho mu guha ingurane ikwiye kandi ryarakorewe ubutaka butari bwo. Abazungura ba Rwigara basobanura ko Umujyi wa Kigali usa n’aho ushaka kugaragaza ko nta “expropriation” yigeze yemerwa, kandi Urukiko rwaragaragaje ko Akarere ka Nyarugenge katashoboye kugaragaza ko imihango y’iyimurwa yubahirijwe. Bavuga ko Umujyi wa Kigali utakagombye kugaruka ku tuntu dutoya utigeze uvuga mu manza zabanje, kandi ko Abazungura ba Rwigara batanze ikirego gisaba Akarere ka Nyarugenge guhatirwa gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’Urukiko kubera ko byari bimaze kugaragara ko nta bushake gafite bwo kugishyira mu bikorwa. Bityo, bakaba basaba uru Rukiko kudaha ishingiro ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali. Basoza batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basabako hasuzumwa niba bataragombaga gusubizwa amadolari bishyuye umuhanga wabakoreye inyigo y’umushinga. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko rwajuririwe rufata icyemezo kuri buri ngingo y’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe, ariko ibirego bishya bikaba bitemewe kuri urwo rwego. 2. Buri wese mu bafitanye ikibazo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso bishimangira ukuri kw’ibyo aburanisha. 3. Kuba ubujurire bw’iremezo bwakiriwe, ubujurire bubushamikiyeho na bwo bugomba kwakirwa hakurikijwe ihame ko, aho ikibazo cy’iremezo kerekejwe, ari naho ibigishamikiyeho byerekezwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 4. itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 10,11, 12, 111, 154, 156 n’iya 182. Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ingingo ya 27, 28, 36 n’iya 37. Itegeko No 18/2007 ryo ku wa 19/04/2007 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ingingo ya 9, 11, 16 n’iya 17. Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryarwo, ingingo ya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2022/CA, Rukarishya Ngenda Philémon, Nyiranshuti Miriam na Leta y’u Rwanda (MINISPORTS) n’Umujyi wa Kigali, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/11/2023.

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Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jacques Flour et al. Droit Civil. Les Obligations. Le fait juridique, Dalloz, Paris, 12ēme edition, 2007, p.97. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Rwigara Assinapol yareze Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ikiburanwa ari “éviction de la parcelle 5860 Rugenge pour projet non révélé”; kuba karamwimuye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko agenga iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange kuko atamenyeshejwe iryo yimurwa, abisabira indishyi. [2] Akarere ka Nyarugenge kireguye kavuga ko kimuye Rwigara Assinapol mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [3] Mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/02/2013, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 9, iya 11, iya 16 n’iya 17 z’Itegeko No 18/2007 ryo ku wa 19/04/2007 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, no ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryarwo, ryakoreshwaga igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga, rwemeje ko: - Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagomba kwimura Rwigara Assinapol mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; - Akarere ka Nyarugenge gaha Rwigara Assinapol amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka; - Amafaranga ibihumbi bine na Magana acyenda (4,900Frw) y’amagarama y’urubanza ahererezwa ku Isanduku ya Leta. [4] Akarere ka Nyarugenge kandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi gasaba ko urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Umuvunyi Mukuru akora raporo avuga ko urwo rubanza rukwiye gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kubera ko hakurikijwe imikirize yarwo, rudashobora kurangizwa, iyo raporo ishyikirizwa Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga na we yemeza ko rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi rukaburanishwa n’urwo Rukiko, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/REV/INJUST/AD0001/16/CS. [5] Muri urwo rubanza, Mukangemanyi Adeline yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’Akarere ka Nyarugenge ashingiye ku kuba karasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi katararangiza inzira zose z’ubujurire kari kemerewe. [6] Ku wa 30/06/2017, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwafashe icyemezo kuri iyo nzitizi, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Mukangemanyi Adeline ifite ishingiro, ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’Akarere ka Nyarugenge cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2013 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku mpamvu z’akarengane kitakiriwe, ko ikirego cya Mukangemanyi Adeline gisaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Akarere ka Nyarugenge guha Mukangemanyi Adeline 1,000,000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, rutegeka Akarere ka Nyarugenge kwishyura 100,000Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza. [7] Abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, barega Akarere ka Nyarugenge (kasimbuwe mu manza n’Umujyi wa Kigali) kuba karanze kurangiza

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urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE, basaba urukiko kugahatira kurangiza urwo rubanza, banasaba guhabwa ingurane ku kibanza ndetse n’indishyi zo kwimurwa, amafaranga y’igihembo cy’umuhanga wakoze umushinga kuri ubwo butaka na astreinte ingana n’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) ku kwezi mu gihe uru rubanza rutararangizwa n’igihembo cya Avoka. [8] Akarere ka Nyarugenge kireguye kavuga ko katigeze kanga kurangiza urwo rubanza, ko ahubwo kananiwe kurushyira mu bikorwa bitewe n’uburyo rwaciwe, kuko agaciro k’ibigomba kwishyurwa kagenwe n’urega ashingiye kuri raporo y’igenagaciro yakoresheje, Urukiko rukaba rutaremeje agaciro k’ibigomba kwishyurwa muri urwo rubanza. Akarere kavuze ko ariko Urukiko rusanze abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhabwa ingurane, rwagendera ku gaciro k’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6,000,000Frw), rukameza kandi ko bufite ubuso bungana na 6.411 m2 aho kuba 6.847 m2. Kavuze na none ko Urukiko rusanze ari ngombwa ko gatanga astreinte, rwagategeka kuyitanga rugendeye ku mubare w’imbumbe w’amafaranga (somme unique), kandi ayo mafaranga akishyurwa mu mezi atandatu (6) uhereye ku munsi w’imenyeshwa ry’urubanza hagendewe ku ngengo y’imari. Ku gihembo cya Avoka, kavuze ko hatangwa amafaranga angana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700,000Frw). [9] Mu rubanza RAD0041/14/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/10/2018, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 27 n’iya 28 z’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ku ngingo ya 12 n’iya 182 z’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko: - ikirego cya Succession Rwigara Assinapol gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; - umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge ashyira mu bikorwa urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/02/2013, Succession Rwigara Assinapol igahabwa ingurane mu mafaranga ku butaka buherereye Rugenge kuri nimero 5860 bwari bufite ubuso bwa 68 a 47ca, ni ukuvuga 6.847 m2 mu buryo bukurikira:  agaciro k’ikibanza:6.847m2 x 60.000Frw = 410.820.000Frw;  indishyi z’ihungabana kw’iyimurwa: 5% x 410,820,000Frw =20.541.000Frw;  igihembo cya Avoka: amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw);  Yose hamwe: 410.820.000Frw + 20.541.000Frw + 2.000.000Frw = amafaranga miliyoni magana ane na mirongo itatu n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na kimwe (433.361.000Frw); - Akarere ka Nyarugenge gasubiza Succession Rwigara Assinapol amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama irega. [10] Umujyi wa Kigali wasimbuye Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu rubanza wajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, uvuga ko mu guca urubanza RAD0041/14/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirengagije ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 10 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rufata umwanzuro rurenze imbibe z’icyaregewe, ko umugenagaciro yakoreye igenagaciro ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 cyahoranye nimero 5860, agaragaza ko gifite ubuso bwa 6.847 m2, nyamara gifite 6.410 m2, usaba urukiko gukosora ayo makosa. [11] Abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, basaba urukiko gusuzuma impamvu Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanze kuyiha 523.360USD yishyuwe inyigo

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y’umushinga (consultancy fees), basaba no guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Mu rubanza RADA00168/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 14/04/2022, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko: - ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro bufite; - ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bw’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; - imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, uretse ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka; - Umujyi wa Kigali uha abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol amafaranga miliyoni magana ane na mirongo itatu n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na kimwe (433.361.000Frw) nk’uko yari yategetswe mu rubanza rwajuririwe, hiyongereyeho amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego; - amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama ahera mu Isanduku ya Leta nk’amagarama y’urubanza. [13] Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwawo bwandikwa kuri RADAA00008/2022/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 08/01/2025. [14] Uwo munsi Umujyi wa Kigali waritabye uhagarariwe na Me Nyangezi Bonane afatanyije na Me Kabibi Spéciose, naho Me Gatera Gashabana wagombaga guhagararira abaregwa yandikira Urukiko asaba ko iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wundi munsi kuko yari ari mu iburanisha ry’urundi rubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kandi rwagombaga kumara igihe arabyemererwa, ryimurirwa ku wa 14/01/2025. [15] Uwo munsi Umujyi wa Kigali witabye uhagarariwe nka mbere, Abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bahagarariwe na Me Gatera Gashabana, uyu yamenyesheje Urukiko ko Rwigara Uwamahoro Anne wari mu bazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yapfuye kandi ko yaba nyina cyangwa abavandimwe be basigaye, nta n’umwe wagaragaje ubushake bwo gukurikirana inyungu ze muri uru rubanza, avuga ko hagomba gufatwa ko Rwigara Uwamahoro Anne atakiri mu bazungura bwa Rwigara Assinapol, bityo ko atakiri umuburanyi muri uru rubanza. [16] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko ishingiye ku kuba Umujyi wa Kigali waratsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [17] Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bireguye kuri iyi nzitizi bavuga ko urwego bahagarariye rutatsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Iburanisha ry’urubanza kuri iyi nzitizi ryarapfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko icyemezo kizasomwa ku wa 30/01/2025, maze kuri iyo tariki, Urukiko rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol nta shingiro ifite, ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali buri mu bubasha bwarwo, iburanisha mu mizi rishyirwa ku wa 10.02.2025. Uwo munsi ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko bahagarariwe nka mbere, iburanisha rirapfundikirwa bamenyeshwa ko icyemezo kizasomwa ku wa 14/03/2025, uwo munsi nticyasomwa kubera ko iyandikwa ryacyo ryari ritararangira, ryimurirwa ku wa 27/03/2025. [18] Ku wa 27/03/2025, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 15/04/2025 saa yine (10h00) kugira ngo Umujyi wa Kigali uzagaragaze ubuso wemera gutangira ingurane ikwiye n’igice RSSB yatangiye ingurane ikwiye ku kibanza cyahoze ari 5860

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n’aho babishingira. Naho abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, bakagaragaza urutonde rw’abaturage bahaye ingurane ikwiye n’ingano y’ubuso bayitangiye. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryagiye ryimurirwa ku matariki atandukanye bitewe n’impamvu zinyuranye, ruza kuburanishwa ku wa 02/10/2025, ababuranyi bahagarariwe nka mbere, iburanisha rirapfundikirwa, bamenyeshwa ko icyemezo kizasomwa ku wa 09/10/2025. [19] Mbere yo kuburanisha impaka ku ngingo z’ubujurire mu mizi, ababuranyi babajijwe impamvu bigaragara ko mu manza zabanje hajemo gusuzuma ibibazo bisa n’aho bidafitanye isano n’ikiburanwa ari cyo guhatira Umujyi wa Kigali/Akarere ka Nyarugenge gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’urukiko mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/02/2013. Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali basobanuye ko mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse Akarere ka Nyarugenge kwimura Rwigara Assinapol mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko rero ako Karere kagombaga kwicara kakubahiriza inzira ziteganywa n’itegeko mu kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, kaza gutungurwa no kubona abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batanga ikirego mu rubanza RAD0041/14/TGI/NYGE basaba Urukiko guhatira Akarere ka Nyarugenge gushyira mu bikorwa icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko. [20] Bavuga ko Urukiko rutaciriye urubanza ku cyo rutaregewe, ko ahubwo rwishyize mu mwanya w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge, rwemeza ingurane ikwiye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, ikibazo kiba ko rwakoreye “expropriation” ku butaka butari bwo, ntihanakorwa igenagaciro mvuguruza (contre- expertise), aho rwavuze ko ubutaka bwari bufite nimero 5860 ari bwo bwahindutse UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 kandi atari byo, ko rero Umujyi wa Kigali nta cyo wari gukora mu gihe ikibanza 109 nta ho gihuriye na 5860. [21] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yavuze ko Umujyi wa Kigali usa n’aho ushaka kugaragaza ko nta expropriation yigeze yemerwa, kandi mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko rwarasobanuye ko imihango ijyanye n’iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange yubahirizwa, mu gika cya 11 rukaba rwaragaragaje ko Akarere ka Nyarugenge katashoboye kugaragaza ko imihango y’iyimurwa yubahirijwe. Yavuze ko inkurikizi yo kubahiriza imihango yo kwimura ari ugutanga ingurane ikwiye (expropriation), bityo ko Umujyi wa Kigali utakagombye kugaruka ku tuntu dutoya utavuze mu manza zabanje kandi ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batanze ikirego gisaba Akarere ka Nyarugenge guhatirwa gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’Urukiko kubera ko byari bimaze kugaragara ko nta bushake gafite bwo kugishyira mu bikorwa. [22] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma niba “fiche cadastrale” ari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol ari ba nyir’umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye, no gusuzuma niba igenagaciro ryakorewe ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 umugenagaciro yavuze ko bwahoze ari 5860 ryaragombaga gushingirwaho mu guha ingurane ikwiye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol kandi ryarakorewe ubutaka butari bwo. [23] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yireguye ku mpamvu z’ubujurire z’Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko nta shingiro zifite. Yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba uru Rukiko gusuzuma niba abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bataragombaga gusubizwa amadolari bishyuye umuhanga wabakoreye inyigo y’umushinga, anasaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [24] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. kumenya niba fiche cadastrale ari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye ari uw’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol; b. kumenya niba igenagaciro ryakorewe ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 umugenagaciro yavuze ko bwahoze bufite 5860 ari ryo ryagombaga gushingirwaho;

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c. kumenya niba abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bakwiye guhabwa amadolari yishyuwe umuhanga wateguye umushinga wari gukorerwa kuri ubwo butaka; d. ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol basaba II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA I. UBUJURIRE BWATANZWE N’UMUJYI WA KIGALI A. Kumenya niba “fiche cadastrale” ari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye ari uw’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol [25] Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko mu rwego rw’amategeko, ubutaka abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol baregera butari bwakabaye ubwabo, kubera ko n’ubwo bari bakorewe “fiche cadastrale”, bari kubugiraho uburenganzira ari uko bamaze guha ingurane ikwiye abaturage bari babutuyeho, bakabona no guhabwa “titre de propriété” yabwo. [26] Basobanura ko iyo fiche cadastrale yakozwe mu mwaka wa 2005, Rwigara Assinapol ntiyabasha kurangiza inshingano ze zo kwishyura abaturage, kandi ko mu ibaruwa yandikiye Akarere ka Nyarugenge ku wa 15/09/2009, yiyemereye ko atishyuye abaturage bose asobanura n’impamvu zabimuteye, maze Akarere ka Nyarugenge aba ariko kishyura abo atashoboye kwishyura, kanamubarira amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6,000,000Frw) ahwanye n’igice gito yari yishyuyemo abaturage, yanga kuyafata. Bavuga ko icyo gice cyose cyahise cyegurirwa RSSB yashakaga kwagura inyubako zayo no kuhakorera uwundi mushinga, kandi ko urutonde rw’abantu Umujyi wa Kigali wishyuye kuri ubwo butaka ndetse n’abo Rwigara Assinapol yishyuye byagaragajwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, bigibwaho impaka, ariko mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rurabyirengagiza, ruvuga ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol baregeye ubutaka bufite nimero 5860, bagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ingano yabwo, ngo naho Umujyi wa Kigali ntiwashobora kukivuguruza. Bavuga kandi ko ikibazo cya fiche cadastrale Umujyi wa Kigali wakivuzeho mu iburanisha, ariko mu gihe cyo gusesengura, Urukiko Rukuru ntirwagira icyo rukivugaho. [27] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire avuga ko idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe, kubera ko ikibazo cya fiche cadastrale cyafashweho icyemezo cyamaze kuba itegeko, kikaba kigaruwe bwa mbere kuri uru rwego, bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 n’iya 154 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [28] Akomeza avuga ko mu gihe iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire yakwakirwa, Urukiko rwazabona ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere no ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere byose byasuzumwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 10 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ijyanye no kuba umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine. Asobanura ko gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemejwe mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rwo ku wa 28/02/2013, byumvikana ko ari ukwimura abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, kandi ko kubimura ari ukubaha ingurane ikwiye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ikibazo cya “fiche cadastrale” cyarasuzumwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ku buryo cyaba ingingo y’ubujurire kuri uru rwego no kumenya niba mu gihe cyaba cyarasuzumwe, “fiche cadastrale” yaba ari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho cyemeza ko umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye ari uw’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol.

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[30] Ingingo ya 154, igika cya mbere y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire hadashobora gutangirwa ikirego gishya, keretse kuregera guhwanya imyenda cyangwa gutanga ikirego cyo kwiregura ku kirego cy’ibanze cyatanzwe mu rukiko rw’ubujurire. Naho ingingo ya 156 y’iryo tegeko igateganya ibikurikira: urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe. Rufata icyemezo ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze ubujurire ajurira cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na we akajurira. [31] Izi ngingo z’itegeko zifatiwe hamwe zumvikanisha ko urukiko rwajuririwe rufata icyemezo kuri buri ngingo y’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe kandi ko gutangira ibirego bishya kuri urwo rwego bitemewe. [32] Kubyo uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol avuga ko ikibazo cya “fiche cadastrale” kitigeze gisuzumwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, bityo ko kitaba impamvu y’ubujurire muri uru Rukiko naho abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bakavuga ko icyo kibazo bakivuze mu iburanisha, ariko mu gusesengura ibibazo urukiko ntirugire icyo rukivugaho, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu rubanza RADA00168/2018/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibibazo bikurikira: - kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarirengagije ibiteganywa n’amategeko maze rugafata umwanzuro rurenze imbibe z’icyaregewe; - kumenya niba ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 cyahoranye nomero 5860 gifite ubuso bwa m2 6847 nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe cyangwa niba ari ubwa m2 6,410 nk’uko uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali abivuga; - kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaragombaga gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali gutanga amafaranga yishyuwe mu kwiga umushinga; - ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa. [33] Mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali basobanuye ikibazo cy’ubuso bavuga ko UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 yabyaye UPI: 1/01/06/07/261, ifite ubuso bungana na sqm 4,039, na UPI: 1/01/06/07/262 ifite ubuso bungana na sqm 2,372, ubuso bwose hamwe bukaba sqm 6,411 ko ariko umugenagaciro washyizweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye yagaragaje ko ubuso bw’ubutaka bwa Rwigara Assinapol bwari sqm 6,847, bakaba barasangaga yarongereyeho sqm 436 zitari ngombwa, bo rero bakaba barifuzaga ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol babarirwa ingurane ikwiye ku butaka bufite ubuso bwa sqm 6,411. [34] Mu gika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza, uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol yasobanuye ko ubuso bw’ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwa Rwigara Assinapol bwemejwe hashingiwe ku bikubiye muri fiche cadastrale igaragaza ko ikibanza cye gifite ubuso bungana na sqm 6,847. Naho mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rugaragaza ko mu rubanza RAD0010/12/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2013, rugaragaza ko icyaburanwaga ari ikibanza 5860 kandi ko ari cyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse Akarere ka Nyarugenge kwimuramo Rwigara Assinapol mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [35] Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye kandi ko ikibanza nimero 5860 ari cyo cyahawe UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 yaje gukatwamo izindi ebyiri, ariko abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bakaba batarashoboye gutanga amakuru kuri iryo hindagurwa rya nomero z’ikibanza, ruvuga ko ibyo abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali basaba ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bakwishyurwa ubuso bungana na sqm 6,411 buhwanye na UPI: 1/01/06/07/261 na UPI: 1/01/06/07/262 nta shingiro bifite, kuko ikibanza nimero 5860 ari na cyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse ko Rwigara Assinapol akorerwa “expropriation” gifite “fiche cadastrale” igaragaza n’ubuso bwacyo, yanakozwe mu mwaka wa 2005 ibyo gutekereza kwimura abantu muri ako gace bitarabaho.

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[36] Muri icyo gika cya 18 cy’urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye kandi ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batavutswa ubutaka bwabo bugaragara kuri 5860 ngo babarirwe uburi kuri 109 kandi atari bwo baregeye, kuko ibyagaragajwe byumvikanisha ko hari ubuso bw’ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwa Rwigara Assinapol bwagiye ku kindi kibanza kitari UPI: 1/01/06/07/109. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukurikije ibikubiye muri kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa, rusanga ikibazo cya fiche cadastrale cyaravugiwe mu kibazo kirebana n’ubuso bw’ikibanza abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhererwa ingurane ikwiye, kandi koko bikaba bitari gushoboka ko havugwa ku buso bw’ikibanza, hatavuzwe kuri fiche cadastrale yari yarahawe Rwigara Assinapol ari nayo yagaragarijwemo ingano y’ubuso bw’ubwo butaka yari yahawe. [38] Kubyo abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko mu maburanisha yabaye bavuze ku kibazo cya “fiche cadastrale” ariko Urukiko Rukuru ntirugire icyo ruyivugaho, uru Rukiko rurasanga uburyo bakivuzeho bigaragara ko ari imiburanire yabo ifitanye isano n’ubuso, atari ikibazo bashyikirije urukiko ngo barusabe kugitangaho igisubizo kihariye, urugero akaba ari aho mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/12/2021, umwe mu bahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali yagize ati: ubundi mu rwego rw’amategeko ubutaka nta bwo bwari ubwa Rwigara Assinapol kuko nyuma ya fiche cadastrale yagombaga guhabwa acte de propriété kuko ubutaka yari atarakuraho abaturage nta cyo bumurebaho kuko bwari butaraba ubwe. Mu gusoza iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/03/2022 imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru, bavuze na none ko ubutaka bwari butaraba ubwa Rwigara Assinapol kubera ko atari yarishyuye abaturage. [39] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ingingo y’ubujurire yerekeza kuri fiche cadastrale ariko igamije kumenya nyir’umutungo, ari ikibazo gishya abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bazanye kuri uru rwego kuko mu manza zose zaburanwe, nta kibazo cy’impaka zirebana no kumenya nyir’umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye kigeze kigaragazwa, bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire iganisha ku kumenya nyir’umutungo ikaba itagomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuri uru rwego. [40] Kubera izo mpamvu, ingingo y’ubujurire irebana no kumenya niba fiche cadastrale ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko umutungo usabirwa ingurane ikwiye ari uw’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, ikaba itagomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe. B. Kumenya niba igenagaciro ryakorewe ubutaka bufite UPI:1/01/06/07/109 umugenagaciro yavuze ko bwahoze bufite 5860 ari ryo ryagombaga gushingirwaho [41] Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko hashingiwe ku makuru ari muri LAIS (Land Information System), ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 bwabyaye ibibanza bibiri bigizwe na UPI: 1/01/06/07/261 bufite ubuso bungana na sqm 4,039 bwanditse kuri RSSB, na UPI: 1/01/06/07/262 bufite ubuso bungana na sqm 2,372 nabwo bwanditse kuri RSSB, ko rero byumvikana ko ubuso bwose bw'izo UPI zombi zabyawe na UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 ari sqm 6,411. Bavuga ko kuba ubuso buri kuri fiche cadastrale yo mu mwaka wa 2005 bungana na sqm 6,847, naho ubuso bungana na sqm 6,411 akaba ari bwo buboneka muri system ibitse amakuru y’ubutaka (LAIS), bigaragaza ko ari ubw’icyahoze ari UPI: 1/01/06/07/109, byumvikanisha ko ikibanza N˚ 5860 atari cyo cyakorewe igenagaciro kuko gitandukanye n’ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109, kandi ko mu gihe cy’iburanisha Umujyi wa Kigali wagaragaje ko UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 yahawe ubutaka RAMA yaguze n’uwitwa Kayihura Claver, bwari bufite nimero 5666, bityo ko hakurikijwe inyandiko zihari, UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 itahawe ubutaka bwahoze bufite nimero 5860. Bavuga ko ubutaka bufite nimero 5860 bufite aho buhurira na UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 ko ariko 5860 atari yo yahindutse UPI: 1/01/06/07/109. [42] Bavuga ko impamvu batemera raporo y’igenagaciro, ari uko hari aho yakorewe kandi nta mazu ahari, bakaba basanga amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni esheshatu, ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo inani na bine na magana abiri na mirongo ine n’atatu (6.284.243Frw) ari yo akwiye guhabwa abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, kuko ari yo ahwanye n’ubuso bw’ubutaka yahereye abaturage ingurane ikwiye.

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[43] Basobanura ko Rwigara Assinapol azana umushinga, ikibanza cyari gifite nimero 5860 koko n’ubuso bungana na sqm 6.847, ko ariko bimaze kugaragara ko umushinga utagikomeje, RSSB yajemo yimura abaturage bagera kuri cumi na batandatu (16) bari ku buso bungana na sqm 4.761, bikaba byumvikana ko Rwigara Assinapol yishyuye abari ku buso bungana na sqm 2.086, igiciro kuri meterokare imwe kikaba cyari amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri na magana acyenda na mirongo inani n’atanu (2.985Frw). [44] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu ibaruwa Rwigara Assinapol yandikiye Akarere ka Nyarugenge, atigeze yerura ngo avuge ko afite ikibazo ku buso bw’ubutaka, ko ahubwo yavugaga ko gashaka guha agaciro ubutaka bwonyine, kakirengagiza ibiri hejuru yabwo. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyarugenge witwa Dusabeyezu César yasobanuriye Urukiko ko impamvu Akarere ka Nyarugenge katabariye Rwigara Assinapol ibyari hejuru y’ubutaka, ari uko byageze igihe cyo kumubarira ingurane ikwiye nta wundi mutungo uri hejuru y’ubutaka bwe kubera ko iyo yamaraga kwishyura abaturage, yahitaga avanaho ibyabaga biri hejuru y’ubutaka amaze kwishyurira. Avuga kandi ko akurikije uko ibintu byagenze, Umujyi wa kigali ukwiye kwishyura abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol ingurane ikwiye ihwanye n’ubutaka buri ku buso bungana na sqm 2,086, kuko abandi baturage bari ku buso bungana na sqm 4,761 bishyuwe na RSSB. [45] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol avuga ko ibyo abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 cyakorewe igenagaciro atari cyo cyahoranye nimero 5860 atari byo, kuko ubuso bw’ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 bunyuranye n’ubuso bw’ikibanza gifite nimero 5860, ko kandi Umujyi wa Kigali wagaragarije Urukiko uburyo icyo kibanza cyagiye gihindura nomero, rusanga ibyo bimenyetso nta gaciro bifite, rwemeza ko iyo ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. [46] Akomeza avuga ko inyandikomvugo yakozwe hapimwa ikibanza (procēs verbal de mesurage et de bornage) igaragaza ubuso bungana n’uburi kuri 5860 kandi ko urubanza rwabaye itegeko rugaragaza ko icyaburanwe ari nimero 5860, bityo ko Umujyi wa kigali utavuga ko ubutaka bwakorewe igenagaciro atari bwo kandi RSSB yarabuhawe nyuma, kandi ko mu kwimura Rwigara Assinapol mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko byashoboraga gukorwa mu buryo bukurikira: guhabwa ikibanza kingana n’icyo yimuwemo cyangwa agahabwa agaciro k’icyo kibanza mu mafaranga. Avuga ko mu gihe Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategekaga ko hakorwa igenagaciro, Umujyi wa Kigali nta cyo wabivuzeho, ko rero niba utemera igenagaciro ryakozwe, wakoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza (contre-expertise). Asaba ko mu gihe abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bahabwa ingurane ikwiye mu mafaranga, meterokare y’ubutaka yabarirwa ku giciro kigezweho cyagaragajwe n’umugenagaciro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [47] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubutaka bwakorewe igenagaciro atari bwo bwahoranye nimero 5860 bugahabwa UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 bwahoze ari ubwa RWIGARA Assinapol. [48] Ingingo ya 4, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ibikurikira: urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite. [49] Iyi ngingo y’itegeko yumvikanisha ko buri wese mu bafitanye ikibazo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso bishimangira ukuri kw’ibyo aburanisha. [50] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo raporo y’igenagaciro yakorewe umutungo ufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 ku wa 02/07/2018. Muri iyo raporo, umugenagaciro yagaragaje ko hakurikijwe amakuru ari kuri fiche cadastrale yakozwe mu mwaka wa 2005, icyo kibanza cyari gifite nimero 5860, kikaba gifite ubuso

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bungana na sqm 6.847. Akurikije aho giherereye, uko cyatunganyijwe n’agaciro gashoboka, yemeje ko gifite agaciro kangana n’amafaranga miliyoni magana ane na cumi n’ibihumbi magana inani na makumyabiri (410.820.000Frw). [51] Fiche cadastrale y’ikibanza gifite nimero 5860 igaragaza ko icyo kibanza cyahawe Rwigara Assinapol (premier Tobacco Company), kikagira ubuso bungana na sqm 6.847. [52] Umujyi wa Kigali washyikirije Urukiko urutonde rw’abaturage RSSB yahaye ingurane ikwiye n’ubuso babuherewe rukurikira: - Zigirinshuti Faustin: 142 m2 - Dusenge Marie Claire: 707 m2 - Ndabikunze Gilbert: 170 m2 - Mukarusine Margueritte: 277 m2 - Mukanyangezi Annonciathe: 200 m2 - Ngoy Kaumbu Théophile: 120 m2 - Muhire Didas: 103 m2 - Mukambaraga Nathalie: 592 m2 - Habakurama Augustin: 298 m2 - Muyisenge Ernest: 883 m2 - Habyarimana Joseph: 883 m2 - Nyirarudodo Clémentine: 379 m2. [53] Umujyi wa Kigali wagaragaje kandi fiche cadastrale y’ubutaka bwa Dr Karagirwa Alphonse, igaragaza ko bufite ubuso bungana na 2644.315sqm, abawuhagarariye mu rubanza bakaba barasobanuriye Urukiko ko hari igice cy’ubutaka bwe cyari cyahawe Rwigara Assinapol, Umujyi wa Kigali usabye Rwigara Assinapol kumusubiza agaciro kabwo ntiyabikora, biba ngombwa ko Dr Karagirwa Alphonse atanga ikirego mu rukiko, rutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali kumwishyura 9.500.000Frw. [54] Abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bashyikirije Urukiko ibikurikira: - amasezerano yo guhana ikibanza nimero 5860 hagati ya Kajangwe Callixte na Rwigara Assinapol; - fiche cadastrale nimero 5860 ya Kajangwe Callixte; - acte de reconnaissance yo ku wa 10/11/2008 hagati ya Ndabikunze Gilbert na Rwigara Assinapol; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye abana ba Sebushishi Pierre; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Mukansonera Donatille; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Niyonshuti Emmanuel; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Mvunabandi Jean Baptiste; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Nyiraminani Immaculée; - kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Uwurukundo Virginie;

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- kopi ya sheki Rwigara Assinapol yahaye Ndizeye Jean Bosco. [55] Abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagaragaza ko Rwigara Assinapol yishyuye amafaranga agera kuri 148.361.015Frw, hakongerwaho 500.000.000Frw y’inyigo yakozwe. Nta bwo bashoboye kugaragaza ingano y’ubuso Rwigara Assinapol yishyuriraga amafaranga yagaragajwe, gusa ubahagarariye mu rubanza ashimangira ko ubuso yishyuriye ingurane ikwiye bungana na 6847m2 kuko ari bwo buri kuri “fiche cadastrale” yahawe. [56] Hari inyandiko yo ku wa 08/12/2021 igaragaza amashusho y’ibibanza yakozwe na Dusabeyezu César, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, aho yagaragaje ko ikibanza nimero 5666 cyahoze ari icya Kayihura Claver gifite ubuso bungana na sqm 4.914; ikibanza nimero 5860 cyagombaga guhabwa Rwigara Assinapol amaze kwishyura abasanzwe ari ba nyiraho, gifite ubuso bungana na sqm 6.847, hanyuma akagaragaza ko ikibanza nimero 109 cyagabanyijwemo kabiri havamo UPI: 261 na UPI: 262 (5666 na 5860). Asoza avuga ko ubutaka bwakorewe “valuation” nk’uko byasabwe n’Urukiko atari ubwa Rwigara Assinapol. [57] Ibaruwa yo ku wa 15/09/2009 Rwigara Assinapol yandikiye Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali asubiza ku ibaruwa yandikiwe imubuza kubaka ikibanza nimero 5860, yagaragajemo ko ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi bwamureka akishyura abaturage basigaye, ariko ntiyasobanuye ingano y’ubuso bw’imitungo yabo. [58] Ibaruwa yo ku wa 19/12/2018 Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RSSB yandikiye Umuyobozi w’Akarere wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, amumenyesha ibyo kwishyura imitungo ahubatse icyicaro gikuru cya RSSB, yohereje kopi ya sheki nimero 115- 0003737-53 yo ku wa 17/06/2004 y’amafaranga 34.646.724Frw na OP nimero 0001653 yo ku wa 23/09/2004 y’amafaranga 5.604.787Frw, yose akaba yarishyuwe Umujyi wa Kigali. [59] Mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye ihwanye n’ubuso bw’ubutaka bugaragara kuri “fiche cadastrale” Rwigara Assinapol yari yarahawe mu gihe abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bo bifuzaga ko babarirwa ingurane ikwiye ku buso bungana na sqm 6.411 kuko ari bwo buhwanye na UPI ebyiri zahawe ubutaka bwa RSSB. [60] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hakurikijwe urutonde rwatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, bigaragara ko RSSB yishyuriye ingurane ikwiye ubuso bungana na 4.772 m2. Hakurikijwe kandi ibikubiye mu ibaruwa Rwigara Assinapol yandikiye Umujyi wa Kigali ku wa 15/09/2009 yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko yahagaritswe gukomeza umushinga mu kibanza yari yahawe hari abaturage atarishyura ingurane ikwiye, ibi bikaba byumvikana ko abazungura be batagombaga kugenerwa ingurane ikwiye hagendewe ku buso bwose bw’ubutaka bugaragara kuri fiche cadastrale bungana na 6.847 m2. [61] Kubyo abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 cyakorewe igenagaciro kitahoze gifite nimero 5860 bityo ko umutungo wakorewe igenagaciro utari uwa Rwigara Assinapol, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko ikigaragara ari uko ikibanza cyari gifite N˚ 5666 cyahawe RAMA/RSSB (La Rwandaise d’Assurance Maladie) gifite ubuso bungana na sqm 4.839 nk’uko bigaragara muri contrat de location yo ku wa 08/03/2004. Ikindi kandi Umujyi wa Kigali ntiwashoboye kugaragaza iherezo ry’ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwa Rwigara Assinapol na cyane ko mu miburanire yabo, impande zombi zemeranya ko UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 ifite aho ihuriye na nimero 5666 na nimero 5860. [62] Urukiko rero rushingiye ku bimenyetso by’ubuso RSSB yatangiye ingurane ikwiye ndetse n’ubuso bugaragara kuri fiche cadastrale y’ubutaka bwari bwarahawe Rwigara Assinapol, rusanga abazungura ba

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Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye ihwanye n’ubuso bubazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 6.847 sqm – 4.772 sqm = 2.075 sqm. [63] Kubyo abahagarariye Umujyi wa kigali bavuga ko Umujyi wishyuye Dr Karagirwa Alphonse 9.500.000Frw ahwanye n’ubuso bw’ubutaka bwe bwahawe Rwigara Assinapol bungana na 2644 sqm, Urukiko rurasanga hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byagaragajwe by’ubuso bwishyuriwe ingurane ikwiye, haramutse hongereweho ubuso bw’ubutaka bwa Dr Karigirwa Alphonse, ubuso bw’ubutaka bwa Rwigara Assinapol butaba bukingana na 6.847 sqm, ahubwo bwaba buri hejuru cyane, ndetse no mu miburanire yabo hamwe bakaba bavuga ko ari igice cy’ubwo butaka cyahawe Rwigara Assinapol ariko bakerekana ubuso bwa fiche cadastrale bwose, bityo Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba utarashoboye kugaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ubuso bw’ubutaka bwa Dr Karagirwa Alphonse bwaba bwarahawe Rwigara Assinapol. [64] Ku bijyanye no kuba abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye ibariwe kuri 2.985Frw kuri meterokare imwe nk’uko igiciro cyari kimeze igihe wabariraga abandi baturage, naho uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol agasaba ko ingurane ikwiye ibarwa hashingiwe ku giciro cy’ubutaka cyariho ubwo umugenagaciro washyizweho n’urukiko yakoraga raporo, ikibazo gisa n’iki cyahawe umurongo mu rubanza N˚ RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/11/2023, haburana Rukarishya Ngenda Philémon, Nyiranshuti Miriam na Leta y’u Rwanda (MINISPORTS) n’Umujyi wa Kigali, hagobokeshwamo Uwingabe Pierre na Mumarashavu Yvonne. Mu gika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko ingurane ikwiye igomba kubarwa haherewe ku biciro fatizo by’ubutaka biheruka gusohoka. [65] Urukiko rurasanga raporo y’umugenagaciro yo ku wa 02/07/2018 yaragaragaje ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/01/06/07/109 buherereye mu Mudugudu w’Isangano, Akagari k’Ubumwe, Umurenge wa Muhima, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali, warabariwe 60.000Frw kuri meterokare imwe, akaba ari igiciro umugenagaciro yashyizeho mu bushishozi bwe, arebye aho ubwo butaka buherereye, ibikorwa remezo bihari, n’ikiguzi cy’ubutaka buheruka kugurishwa muri ako gace, akaba yarabisobanuye mu magambo akurikira: “Le prix au mētre carré varie entre 15.000 Frw et 80.000Frw compte tenu de son emplacement et des infrastructures environnantes ainsi que des récentes ventes des terrains similaires et dans la même localité, j’ai estimé le prix au mētre carré de la parcelle forfaitaire ā 60.000 Frw.” Yagaragaje kandi ko ubwo butaka bugenewe ubutegetsi no guturwamo (usage administratif et résidentiel). [66] Ibi kandi ni nako biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ivuga ko agaciro k’ubutaka n’agaciro k’ibikorwa byakorewe ku butaka bwimurwaho abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, bibarwa hitawe ku ngano n’imiterere yabyo n’aho biherereye kandi hashingiwe ku biciro biri ku isoko. [67] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku buso bwagaragajwe ko ari bwo abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bakwiye guhererwa ingurane ikwiye, bagomba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye ibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 60.000Frw/m2 x 2.075 m2 = 124.500.000Frw. [68] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ubukererwe zikomoka kw’ihungabana ryo kwimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ingingo ya 37, igika cya mbere y’itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange iteganya ibikurikira: uwimura wisubiyeho akareka igikorwa cyo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange kandi imitungo y’abimurwa yaramaze kubarurwa cyangwa warengeje igihe cyo kwishyura indishyi ikwiye giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 36 y’iri tegeko, yishyura indishyi y’atanu ku ijana (5%) y’indishyi ikwiye yari kuzahabwa uwishyurwa. Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’ihungabana ritewe no kwimurwa zikwiye kubarwa haherewe ku gaciro k’ingurane ikwiye kagomba guhabwa abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, ni ukuvuga 124.500.000 Frw x 5% = 6.225.000 Frw.

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II. UBUJURIRE BWURIRIYE KU BUNDI BWATANZWE N’ABAZUNGURA BA RWIGARA Assinapol C. Kumenya niba abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bakwiye guhabwa amadolari yishyuwe umuhanga wize umushinga wari gukorerwa kuri ubwo butaka [69] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol avuga ko kuba Akarere ka Nyarugenge ariko kari kasabye Rwigara Assinapol gukora umushinga yateguye byagera nyuma kakawuhindura batabyumvikanyeho, asanga Umujyi wa Kigali ukwiye gutegekwa gusubiza abo ahagarariye amadolari y’Amerika ibihumbi magana atanu na makumyabiri na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itandatu (523.360USD) yishyuwe umuhanga wateguye umushinga w’icyagombaga gukorerwa kuri ubwo butaka. [70] Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko basanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol budakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko ingingo y’ubujurire batanga bayitsindiwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Bavuga ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, rwakwemeza ko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batagomba guhabwa amadolari y’Amerika 523.360USD basaba, kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bayagaragariza, ko ahubwo ibyo bita ibimenyetso bavuga ko bashyize muri dosiye bitari umwimerere kandi ko bigenda bivuguruzanya. [71] Batanga urugero rw’ibaruwa yo ku wa 17/07/2007 umuyobozi wa Archscapes Consultant yandikiye Rwigara Assinapol isobanura uburyo ubwishyu buzakorwa, ko azishyura avansi ya 10%, hanyuma akishyura 30% nyuma yo kurangiza igishushanyo cy’inyubako, byose bikishyurwa hakoreshejwe sheki, kandi ko muri iyo baruwa hagaragaramo n'ingingo z'amasezerano ateganijwemo ibyo byose (consultancy agreement), abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bakaba batarashoboye kuyagaragaza. Bavuga kandi ko na “reçus” batanze atari umwimerere, ko zigaragaza ko hishyuwe cash nyamara mu ibaruwa bitangiye nk’ikimenyetso handitsemo ko ubwishyu buzakorwa hakoreshejwe sheki. [72] Bakomeza basobanura ko indi mpamvu ituma Umujyi wa Kigali utagomba gutegekwa kwishyura abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol amadolari bavuga ko yishyuwe umuhanga wize umushinga, ari uko atari Akarere ka Nyarugenge Umujyi wa Kigali wasimbuye mu rubanza, katumye uwo mushinga udashyirwa mu bikorwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [73] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko no kumenya niba Umujyi wa Kigali ukwiye kubasubiza amadolari bavuga ko bishyuye umuhanga wize umushinga Rwigara Assinapol yagombaga gukorera ku butaka yimuweho. [74] Ihame rusange ry’amategeko arebana n’ibibazo bishamikiye ku bindi ni uko iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyakiriwe, ibigishamikiyeho na byo byakirwa, kitakwakirwa, ibigishamikiyeho ntibyakirwe (l’accessoire suit le principal). Iri hame ryumvikanisha ko aho ikibazo cy’iremezo kerekejwe, ari naho ibigishamikiyeho byerekezwa. (Ce principe juridique établit que les droits ou obligations accessoires sont liés ā un droit ou une obligation principale et suivent son sort)1. [75] Ihame rusange mu mategeko arebana n’iby’uburyozwe ni uko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi, gitegeka nyir’ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse (Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause un dommage ā autrui oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé ā le réparer)2.

1https://caius.ai,dictionnaire juridique: Accesorium Sequitur principale, visité le 19/03/2025 ā 14h00. 2 Jacques Flour et al. Droit Civil. Les Obligations. Le fait juridique, Dalloz, Paris, 12ēme edition, 2007, p.97.

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[76] Ingingo ya 12 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko” Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze uwo baburana aramutsinda. [77] Ku bijyanye no kuba abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol budakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko ingingo y’ubujurire batanga bayitsindiwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba ubujurire bw’iremezo bwatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali bwarakiriwe, byumvikana ko ubujurire bubushamikiyeho na bwo bugomba kwakirwa, cyane ko mu gusuzuma ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, harebwa niba umuburanyi watanze ubujurire bw’iremezo yujuje ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Ikindi kandi, inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko ishingiye ku kuba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ikaba ireba umuburanyi watanze ubujurire bw’iremezo. [78] Kubyo abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol basaba gusubizwa amadolari bishyuye umuhanga wize umushinga wagombaga gukorerwa mu kibanza Umujyi wa Kigali wamwimuyemo, ariko bakaba bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko batagomba kuyahabwa kubera ko nta bimenyetso bayagaragarije, uru Rukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso bavuga ko byirengagijwe bigizwe na kopi ya “reçu” nimero 21 yo ku wa 14/11/2006, aho Archscapes Consultants yemeza ko ihawe na Rwigara Assinapol amadolari y’Amerika 130.840USD, na kopi ya reçu n˚ 86 yo ku wa 17/07/2007, Archscapes Consultants yemera ko Rwigara Assinapol (handitswe Rwigara Assinapol) ayihaye amadolari y’Amerika ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo cyenda na bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri 392.520USD. [79] Mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko impapuro abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bavuga ko zishyuriweho umuhanga wakoze inyigo y’umushinga zitashingirwaho hemezwa ko yishyuwe kubera ko niba yarishyuriwe mu ntoki, ibyo bimenyetso bifite agaciro hagati y’abishyuranye, bikaba bitareba undi muntu nk’Umujyi wa Kigali. [80] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse no kuba ibyo bimenyetso bitagaragaza nta shiti ko Rwigara Assinapol yishyuye umuhanga wakoze inyigo y’umushinga, n’iyo byaba bihari, ubwishyu yaba yaratanze butareba Umujyi wa Kigali kuko abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol batagaragaza ko ari wo watumye Rwigara Assinapol atawukomeza. Bityo, ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, bukaba nta shingiro bufite. D. Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol basaba [81] Uhagarariye abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali gusubiza abo ahagarariye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 21. 668.005Frw. [82] Abahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali bavuga ko amafaranga abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol basaba badakwiye kuyahabwa kuko batayatangira ibimenyetso ndetse akaba adahuye n’ibiteganywa n’Amabwiriza agenga ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [83] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

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[84] Kuba ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwahawe ishingiro kuri bimwe naho ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bukaba nta shingiro bwahawe, Urukiko rurasanga buri ruhande rugomba kwirengera amafaranga y’ibyo rwakoresheje mu rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [85] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali, bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [86] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol, nta shingiro bufite. [87] Rwemeje ko urubanza RADA00168/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 14/02/2022, ruhindutse ku birebana n’ubuso bw’ubutaka abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol bagomba guhererwa ingurane ikwiye, agaciro kabwo, n’indishyi z’ihungabana riturutse kw’iyimurwa. [88] Rutegetse Umujyi wa Kigali kwishyura abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol aribo Mukangemanyi Adeline, Rwigara Nshimiyimana Diane, Rwigara Aristide, Rwigara Rugwiro Arioste na Rwigara Ruhindura Aristote, bose hamwe, ingurane ikwiye y’ubutaka bufite ubuso bungana na 2.075 m2, ihwanye na 124.500.000Frw. [89] Rutegetse Umujyi wa Kigali kwishyura abazungura ba Rwigara Assinapol indishyi z’ihungabana kubera kwimurwa zingana na 6.225.000Frw. [90] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Umujyi wa Kigali watanze ujurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.