UMURYANGO WA KIMONYO UHAGARARIWE NA MARIDADI v RUBYAGIZA NABANDI

# UMURYANGO WA KIMONYO UHAGARARIWE NA MARIDADI v RUBYAGIZA NABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-06-30 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00032/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UMURYANGO WA KIMONYO UHAGARARIWE NA MARIDADI v RUBYAGIZA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00032/2022/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 30 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu kugenzura ko ingingo zaburanwe mbere ari na zo zaburanwe mu bujurire, hagomba kwitabwa ku isano remezo iri hagati y’imanza zombi kandi iyo mpamvu ikaba igaragarira mu mpamvu z’ubujurire n’umwanzuro urubanza ku rwego rwa kabiri rwazifasheho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye umuryango wa Kimonyo uhagarariwe na Ndinda urega Rubyagiza na Gahizi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 ndetse no kutabarura kuri Gahizi ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 ubwo bigabije ubutaka bwabo bwa gakondo, buherereye mu Kagari ka Nyabisindu, Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo. Umuryango wa Kimonyo usobanura ko habaye gahunda y’ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange, Rubyagiza na Gahizi Eugēne bajya gusaba ingurane mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Gahizi avuga ko ubutaka aregwa bwari ubwa Koperative yitwa Inyanja Ngari, iza kubumuguranira nk’uko amasezerano y’ubugurane bw’imirima yo ku wa 30/11/2011 abigaragaza. Ruzigana we avuga ko ubutaka aregwa yabuguze na Semanywa, na we wari warabuguze na Milindi wo muryango wa Kimonyo, nyuma y’aho aza kuhagurisha Rubyagiza, kandi ko icyo gihe cyose yahatunze abo mu muryango wa Kimonyo bahari. Mpunga wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza avuga ko ubutaka Gahizi aregwa yabubonye abuguraniwe na Koperative Inyanja Ngari, ubwo koperative yamuguraniye yari yarabuguze n’umwe mu banyamuryango bayo witwa Semanywa. Mpunga uhagarariye koperative Inyanja Ngari yemeje ko ubwo butaka ari ubwa Gahizi kuko yabubonye muryo buteganyijwe n’amategeko. Semanywa nawe wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza avuga ko ubutaka aregwa, yabuguze na Milindi wari usanzwe ari nyirabwo nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure bagiranye, kandi yaje kubugurisha Ruzigana nawe aza kubugurisha Rubyagiza aza no guhabwa ibyangombwa bya burundu. Avuga ko ubutaka buburanwa butakwitwa ubwa gakondo y’umuryango wa Kimonyo kuko bwagurishijwe. Urwo Urukiko rwaciwe urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego rwaregewe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo uhagarariwe na Ndinda nta shingiro gifite, ko icyo cyangombwa cy’ubutaka UPI:1/02/13/02/329 kidateshejwe agaciro, ko ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 bubarurwa kuri Gahizi, ko umuryango wa Kimonyouhagarariwe na Ndinda uha abarezwe indishyi zitandukanye.

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Umuryango wa Kimonyo uhagarariwe na Ndinda wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, uvuga ko hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe, usaba ko Urukiko rwazagera ku kiburanwa banasaba indishyi zitandukanye. Urwo Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2022, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo uhagarariwe na Ndinda nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rujuririrwa rudahindutse, rutegeka umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda kwishyura abaregwa indishyi zitandukanye. Umuryango wa Kimonyo uhagarariwe na Maridadi wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, usaba gusuzuma niba hari isano iri hagati y’ibibanza bifite UPI: 1/02/13/02/329, UPI: 1/02/13/02/330 n'ubutaka bw'umuryango wa Kimonyo bwagurishijwe Semanywa Augustin, unasaba indishyi zitandukanye. Rubyagiza, Gahizi, Mukabisangwa, Ruzigana na Mpunga batanze inzitizi zitandukanye, iyo kutakira ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo, hashingiwe ku kuba udafite ububasha (qualité) kuko udafite ubuzima gatozi, iyo kutakira ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin hashingiwe ku kuba waratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, n’iyo kutakira ubujurire bwawo kubera iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bushingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa. Ku bijyanye n’inzitizi yo gutsindwa kabiri kubera impamvu zimwe, Rubyagiza na bagenzi be bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudakwiye kwakira ubujurire bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo, kuko watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko hose babuze ibimenyetso bihamya ibyo bavuga. Uruhande rw’umuryango wa Kimonyo ruvuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko ngo gutsindwa hashingiwe ku kudatanga ibimenyetso no gutsindwa no kudaha agaciro ibimenyetso, ari ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, kuko umucamanza wa mbere yavuze ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe nta gaciro bifite, na ho umucamanza wa kabiri ntiyasuzuma ibimenyetso yahawe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCAA00032/2022/CA abajuriye batsinzwe kabiri mu nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe kuko batsinzwe no kubura ibimenyetso by’ibyo baregera. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko atari ngombwa gusuzuma izindi nzitizi kubera ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku kuba abajuriye baratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, yihagije kugira ngo ubujurire bwatanzwe bube butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu kugenzura ko ingingo zaburanwe mbere ari na zo zaburanwe mu bujurire, hagomba kwitabwa ku isano remezo iri hagati y’imanza zombi kandi iyo mpamvu ikaba igaragarira mu mpamvu z’ubujurire n’umwanzuro urubanza ku rwego rwa kabiri rwazifasheho. Bityo, Urukiko rwajuririwe bwa kabiri ntabwo rwakira ikirego ngo rugisuzume kuko nta bubasha ruba rufite. 2. Indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka zitangwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko mu gihe mu gihe umuburanyi uzisaba atagaragaza ibimenyetso byizo aregera. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro. Amategekoyashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko Ingingo ya 52, Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111 Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00034/2016/SC; UWASE Claudine vs Banki ya Kigali, B&N General Supply Company Ltd, RDB rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/03/2018 RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC; Road Solution Pavement Product vs MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24 RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA; Koperative Dukundumurimo (KOADU) vs King Construction and Service Company Ltd (KICOSEKA Ltd) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2021, igika cya 12; RCOMAA 00087/2022/CA; Bank of Kigali vs Gate Hills Estate Ltd na GASHUMBA Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, igika cya 29. RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC; Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc vs NKUSI Evariste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, igika cya 28, 29 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis uvuga ko Rubyagiza Sophonie na Gahizi Eugēne bigabije ubutaka bwawo bwa gakondo, buherereye mu Kagari ka Nyabisindu, Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, ubwo Rubyagiza Sophonie yigabije akaba yarabwiyandikishijeho, ahabwa icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI :1/02/13/02/329, na ho Gahizi Eugēne akaba yarigabije ubutaka bufite UPI :1/02/13/02/330, ariko akaba atarabwiyandikishaho. Umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin ukomeza usobanura ko habaye gahunda y’ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange, Rubyagiza Sophonie na Gahizi Eugēne bajya gusaba ingurane mu Mujyi wa Kigali, uwo muryango uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis ubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, usaba gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 ndetse no kutabarura kuri Gahizi Eugēne ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 wari utarabwibaruzaho, ariko yarasabye ko Umujyi wa Kigali umuha ingurane y’ibikorwa biburiho. [2] Gahizi Eugēne avuga ko ubutaka aregwa bufite UPI :1/02/13/02/330 bwari ubwa Koperative yitwa Inyanja Ngari, iza kubumuguranira nk’uko amasezerano y’ubugurane bw’imirima yo ku wa 30/11/2011 abigaragaza, kandi ko yari mu nzira yo kubwibaruzaho kuko yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ndetse ko Leta igomba kubumwimuraho kubera ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange bizabukorerwaho, ariko amaze guhabwa ingurane.

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[3] Ruzigana Alexis avuga ko ku wa 04/07/2013, yagurishije Rubyagiza Sophonie ubutaka buherereye mu Mudugudu w’Akamahwa, Akagari ka Nyarutarama. Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, bagirana amasezerano y’ubugure hari n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye, Rubyagiza Sophonie aza kwimurwa muri ubwo butaka ku bw’ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange, anumvikana n’Umujyi wa Kigali ingurane azahabwa, mu gihe yari ategereje ko ahabwa iyo ngurane yemejwe, umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis wandikira ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali, usaba ko Rubyagiza Sophonie n’umugore we batahabwa ingurane y’ubwo butaka, uvuga ko ari ubwawo. [4] Mpunga Eric wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza avuga ko ubutaka Gahizi Eugène aregwa yabubonye abuguraniwe na Koperative Inyanja Ngari ayiha ubwo yari afite mu gishanga kubera ko iyo koperative yari igamije gucukuramo ibyuzi by’amafi, ubwo butaka koperative yamuguraniye ikaba yari yarabuguze n’umwe mu banyamuryango bayo witwa Semanywa Augustin. Mpunga Eric uhagarariye koperative Inyanja Ngari yemeje ko ubwo butaka ari ubwa Gahizi Eugène kuko yabubonye binyuze mu mucyo. [5] Ruzigana Alex we avuga ko ubutaka aregwa yabuguze na Semanywa Augustin, na we wari warabuguze na Milindi Thaddée wo muryango wa Kimonyo Faustin, ko amaze kuhagura yahororeye inka, ahubaka ibiraro, anahatera ibiti kuva mu mwaka wa 2001 ahahererwa n’icyangombwa, nyuma y’aho aza kuhagurisha Rubyagiza Sophonie, kandi ko icyo gihe cyose yahatunze abo mu muryango wa Kimonyo Faustin bahari, ndetse umwe muri bo akaba yari umuyobozi wo muri uwo Mudugudu. [6] Semanywa Augustin wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza avuga ko ubutaka buherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama ahegereye ku gishanga werekeza Nyabisindu, yabuguze na Milindi Thaddée wari usanzwe ari nyirabwo ku wa 19/05/2009 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure bagiranye, kandi ko ahagura uwitwa Ruzigana Alexis yari ahari, ndetse ko umwanditsi yari umugore wabo wa Milindi Thaddée witwa Mukakigeri Véronique. Akomeza avuga ko nyuma yabugurishije Ruzigana Alexis yubakamo ibiraro, ateramo urutoki n’ibiti, Ruzigana Alexis aza kubugurisha Rubyagiza Sophonie ari na we wahasabiye ibyangombwa ubwo Leta yandikaga ubutaka, akaba asanga ubutaka buburanwa budakwiye kwitwa gakondo y’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin kuko bwagurishijwe. [7] Mu rubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 10/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego rwaregewe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis nta shingiro gifite, ko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 kidateshejwe agaciro, ko ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 bubarurwa kuri Gahizi Eugène, ko umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis usubiza abarezwe ari bo: Rubyagiza Sophonie na Gahizi Eugène 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, buri wese agatwara 500.000Frw, amagarama yatanzwe ahwana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [8] Umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, ubujurire bwawo bwandikwa kuri RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG, uvuga ko hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe, usaba ko Urukiko rwazagera ku kiburanwa n’indishyi zitandukanye. [9] Mu rubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa

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Nyarugenge ku wa 10/12/2020 rugumyeho, rutegeka umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis kwishyura Rubyagiza Sophonie na Gahizi Eugène buri wese 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Ndinda Alexis ihwana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [10] Ku wa 18/11/2022, umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwawo bwandikwa kuri RCAA00032/2022/CA, usaba gusuzuma niba hari isano iri hagati y’ibibanza bifite UPI : 1/02/13/02/329, UPI : 1/02/13/02/330 n'ubutaka bw'umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin bwagurishijwe Semanywa Augustin, unasaba indishyi zitandukanye. [11] Mbere yo kwiregura ku ngingo z’ubujurire, Rubyagiza Sophonie, Gahizi Eugène, Mukabisangwa Béatrice, Ruzigana Alexis na Mpunga Eric, batanze inzitizi zitandukanye, iyo kutakira ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin, hashingiwe ku kuba udafite ububasha (qualité) kuko udafite ubuzima gatozi, iyo kutakira ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin hashingiwe ku kuba waratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, aho zombi zashingiye ku kuba utarashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko umutungo uburanwa wari mu byo abawugize bagombaga kuzungura, n’iyo kutakira ubujurire bwawo kubera iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bushingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, hashingiwe ku igenagaciro ryakozwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, rigaragaza ko ubutaka bwa Gahizi Eugēne bufite agaciro kangana na 3.412.048.50Frw, na ho ubwa Rubyagiza Sophonie bufite agaciro ka 25.087.146Frw, igiteranyo cyayo kikaba kitageze kuri 75.000.000Frw. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 07/06/2023, umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire uhagarariwe na Me Ngendahimana René, Rubyagiza Sophonie ahagarariwe na Me Musore Gakunzi Valéry, Gahizi Eugēne yunganiwe na Me Musore Gakunzi Valéry, Ruzigana Alexis, Mukabisangwa Béatrice na Mpunga Eric bahagarariwe na Me Ntare Paul, uwo munsi hagibwa impaka ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko, ishingiye ku kuba umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire waratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1.Kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa KIMONYO Faustin uhagarariwe na MARIDADI Grégoire butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [13] Me Musore Gakunzi Valéry uhagarariye Rubyagiza Sophonie, akunganira Gahizi Eugēne asaba uru Rukiko kutakira ubujurire bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin, kuko watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, aho zose zemeje ko utsinzwe, zishingiye ku kuba utarashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko umutungo uburanwa wari mu byo abawugize bagombaga kuzungura, ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarabisobanuye mu gika kuva ku cya 21 kugeza ku cya 26 by’urubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG, aho rwasuzumye ibijyanye n’ishingiro ry’ikirego cy’umuryanga wa Kimonyo Faustin, rukemeza ko urubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE rugumyeho.

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[14] Akomeza asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ingingo ijyanye no kumenya niba icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 cyateshwa agaciro, no kumenya niba ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 butabarurwa kuri Gahizi Eugène, mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza RC001062/2019/TGI/NYGE, rusanga umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin nta bimenyetso utanga byemeza ko ubwo butaka bukiri mu mutungo wabo, kuko byagaragajwe ko ababufite babukomora ku bugure, mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza, rusanga kirego cyatanzwe n’uwo muryango nta shingiro gifite. Avuga kandi ko ibimaze kuvugwa byagarutsweho mu gika cya 23 n’icya 24 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko Rukuru na rwo rwasanze nta bimenyetso umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin ugaragaza by’uko abafite uwo mutungo bawubonye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [15] Ku bivugwa na Me Ngendahimana René uhagarariye umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire, Me Musore Gakunzi Valéry uhagarariye Rubyagiza Kiroha Sophonie avuga ko ibyo Me Ngendahimana Réné avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG atari byo, ko ahubwo rwavuze ko kuba ubutaka bwaba bwaragurishijwe n’abatabifitiye ububasha cyangwa bukaba buruta ubwari mu masezerano ku buryo haba harabayeho kurengera, n’ubwo bitaburanwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ko rusanga nta Rukiko rurabifataho icyemezo ngo ruteshe agaciro ayo masezerano y’ubugure cyangwa rwemeze ko habayeho uburengere ku buryo byagira ingaruka ku byemezo by’ubutaka, ko icyemezo cyatanzwe nyuma n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin bitatuma rutesha agaciro ibyangombwa by’umutungo babonye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 9 n’iya 41 z’Itegeko rigenga ubutaka ryo muri 2021. [16] Me Ntare Paul uhagarariye Mukabisangwa Béatrice, Ruzigana Alexis na Mpunga Eric, avuga ko ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin budakwiye kwakirwa, kuko watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe nk’uko byasobanuwe na mugenzi we wamubanjirije. [17] Me Ngendahimana René wunganira Maridadi Grégoire uhagarariye umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin, avuga ko inziyizi yatanzwe nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko mu rubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE, mu kwemeza ko ikirego cyawo nta shingiro gifite, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwashingiye ku kuba nta bimenyetso watanze by’uko ubwo butaka bukiri mu mutungo wabo, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza, ndetse no ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, bikaba byumvikanisha ko uwo muryango watsinzwe no kubura ibimenyetso, ko ariko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru atari ko rwabibonye, kuko mu gusuzuma ibijyanye no gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 n’igifite UPI:1/02/13/02/330, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin cy’uko igice gito cy’ubutaka bwawo cyari cyaragurishijwe mbere uwitwa Semanywa Augustin gitandukanye n’ubutaka Rubyagiza Sophonie na Gahizi Eugēne bavuga ko baguze cyangwa baguraniwe n’uwari waraguze na Semanywa Augustin igice cyavuzwe haruguru, ko habayeho kurengera biyandikishaho igice uwo muryango utigeze ugurisha, rukaba rutarahaye agaciro icyo kimenyetso nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG. [18] Me Ngendahimana René asanga gutsindwa hashingiwe ku kudatanga ibimenyetso no gutsindwa no kudaha agaciro ibimenyetso, ari ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, kuko umucamanza wa

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mbere yavuze ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe nta gaciro bifite, na ho umucamanza wa kabiri ntiyasuzuma ibimenyetso yahawe ngo agire icyo avuga ku gaciro kabyo, ahubwo avuga ko nta kigaragaza itandukaniro ry’ubutaka bwagurishijwe n’ubwo abaregwa biyandikishijeho, kandi ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta gika na kimwe Urukiko Rukuru rwavuzemo ko umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin utsinzwe no kubura ibimenyetso. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2 y’itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare iyo zujuje ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, ariko mu gika cya gatatu cy’iyo ngingo igateganya ko “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [20] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 ndetse n’uru Rukiko, zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Impamvu zigomba gutandukanywa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko impamvu ari yo ishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo. [21] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyasuzumwe kandi mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, aho rwatanze umurongo ukurikira:” Mu kugenzura ko ingingo zaburanwe mbere ari na zo zaburanwe mu bujurire, hagomba kwitabwa ku isano remezo iri hagati y’imanza zombi kandi iyo mpamvu ikaba igaragarira mu mpamvu z’ubujurire n’umwanzuro urubanza ku rwego rwa kabiri rwazifasheho2 […]”. 1 Zimwe muri izo manza harimo: -urubanza nº RCOMAA 00034/2016/SC rwo ku wa 23/03/2018 hagati ya UWASE Claudine vs Banki ya Kigali, B&N General Supply Company Ltd, RDB; -urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24; -urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza n˚ RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA haburana Koperative Dukundumurimo (KOADU) na King Construction and Service Company Ltd (KICOSEKA Ltd) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2021, igika cya 12; -urubanza n˚ RCOMAA 00087/2022/CA haburana Bank of Kigali Vs Gate Hills Estate Ltd na GASHUMBA Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, igika cya 29. 2Reba urubanza n˚RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, hagati ya Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc Vs NKUSI Evariste, igika cya 28.

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[22] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukomeza rusobanura ko” […] gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe bigenzurwa hashingiwe ku ngingo zatumye umuburanyi ajurira, umwanzuro wazifashwemo n’impamvu zashingiweho n’inkiko zombi, bivuze ko ibindi ababuranyi bemerewe gusaba mu rwego rw’ubujurire nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 154 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’inyungu, ibyishyuwe ku bukode n’ibindi bintu by’inyongera n’ibindi bintu byabonetse nk’indishyi z’igihombo umuburanyi yagize kuva urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ruciwe, kimwe no kugobokesha umuburanyi mu bujurire, bidashobora gushingirwaho hasuzumwa ko umuburanyi yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ko rero nta n’uwakwitwaza umwanzuro wabifashwemo ashaka kumvikanisha ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko ibyo biba bitarasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba rero nta gereranya rishobora kubikorerwaho harebwa imanza zaciwe ku nzego zombi kuko nta we ugereranya ibidafitanye isano3”. [23] Mu rubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gifite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 cyateshwa agaciro no kumenya niba ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 butabarurwa kuri Gahizi Eugēne, mu gika cya 11 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rusobanura ko nta bimenyetso umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin utanga by’uko ubwo butaka bukiri mu mutungo w’uwo muryango kuko byagaragajwe ko ababufite babukomora ku bugure mu gika cya 12 rwanzura ko abaregwa Gahizi Eugēne na Rubyagiza Sophonie bafite ubwo butaka mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bakaba bagomba kubugumana kuko babubonye babuguze, abandi ari ingurane. [24] Mu rubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, ikibazo gisa n’icyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ni icyo kumenya niba rwatesha agaciro icyangombwa cy'ubutaka UPI: 1/02/13/02/329 ndetse no kutabarura kuri Gahizi Eugēne ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/13/02/330, mu gika cya 22 Urukiko Rukuru rusobanura ko kuba Rubyagiza Sophonie yaraguze ubutaka buburanwa bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/329 akabwibaruzaho, na Gahizi Eugēne akaba yaraguraniwe ubutaka bufite UPI:1/02/13/02/330 na Koperative Inyanja Ngari, rusanga ubwo butaka bugomba gukomeza kubandikwaho. Icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cya Rubyagiza Sophonie kikagumana agaciro kacyo na Gahizi Eugēne akandikwaho ubutaka yaguraniwe bufite UPI :1/02/13/02/330. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga icyo urubanza RC01062/2019/TGI/NYGE n’urubanza RCA00006/2021/HC/KIG zihuriyeho, ari uko zombi zasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hateshwa agaciro icyangombwa cy'ubutaka UPI: 1/02/13/02/329 ndetse no kutabarura kuri Gahizi Eugēne ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/13/02/330, inkiko zombi zisobanura ko Rubyagiza Sophonie yabonye ubutaka UPI:1/02/13/02/329 abukomoye ku bugure na ho Gahizi Eugēne abona ubutaka UPI:1/02/13/02/330 abuguraniwe na Koperative Inyanja Ngari, kuri iki kibazo, inkiko zombie zikaba zaranzuye ko ubutaka bwanditswe kuri Rubyagiza Sophonie bukomeza kumwandikwaho, na ho ubwaguraniwe Gahizi Eugēne bukamwandikwaho, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin waratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire, bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. 3 Idem, igika cya 29

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[26] Ku bijyanye n’ibivugwa n’uhagarariye Maridadi Grégoire uhagarariye umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, urwo Rukiko rwavuze ko nta bimenyetso abagize uwo muryango bafite, na ho mu Rukiko Rukuru umucamanza akaba atarasuzumye ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe aho asobanura ko umucamanza umwe yasuzumye ibimenyetso yahawe ntiyabiha agaciro, uwa kabiri we ntiyagira icyo avuga ku bimenyetso yahawe akabishingiraho asobanura ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, rurasanga bitahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye nta bimenyetso batanze bigaragaza ko abaregwa babonye imitungo baregwa ku buryo bw’uburiganya, na ho mu Rukiko Rukuru, ibimenyetso bavuga ko batanze, bikaba bitari bijyanye n’ikibazo cyari kirimo gusuzumwa, bivuze ko ikibazo cyasuzumwaga nta bimenyetso byacyo bari bafite, bikaba bigaragaza gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe, ko haba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, no mu Rukiko Rukuru, ikibazo cyasuzumwaga nta bimenyetso bagitangiye byatuma icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cyahawe Rubyagiza Sophonie giteshwa agaciro, cyangwa byatumwa Gahizi Eugēne atabarurwaho ubutaka yaguraniwe na Koperative Inyanja Ngari. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukurikije ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’uru Rukiko ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku birebana no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu manza zitandukanye zagaragajwe haruguru, rurasanga nta gushidikanya ko ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/13/02/329 cyateshwa agaciro n’icyo kumenya niba ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/13/02/330 butabarurwa kuri Gahizi Eugēne, umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire waratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma izindi nzitizi zatanzwe muri uru rubanza, kubera ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku kuba umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire waratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, yihagije kugira ngo ubujurire bwatanzwe bube butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. 2.Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [29] Me Musore Gakunzi Valéry uhagarariye asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire guha Rubyagiza Sophonie ahagarariye na Gahizi Eugēne yunganira 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza buri wese kuri uru rwego. Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga asabwa n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin, avuga ko nta shingiro yahabwa, kubera ko ari wo wishoye mu manza. [30] Me Ntare Paul wunganira Mukabisangwa Béatrice, Ruzigana Alexis na Mpunga Eric, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire guha Ruzigana Alexis, Mpunga Eric na Mukabisangwa Béatrice 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza buri wese kuri uru rwego. Avuga ko amafaranga umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin usaba nta shingiro yahabwa, kubera ko ari wo wishoye mu manza. [31] Me Ngendahimana René wunganira Maridadi Grégoire uhagarariye umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin avuga ko amafaranga abaregwa basaba nta shingiro yahabwa, asaba ahubwo uru Rukiko kubategeka guha uwo muryango 3.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Rubyagiza Sophonie, Gahizi Eugēne, Ruzigana Alexis, Mukabisangwa Béatrice na Mpunga Eric basaba afite ishingiro, kuko bashatse abanyamategeko bo gukurikirana no kuburana urubanza, ariko kubera ko amafaranga basaba ari ikirenga, baka batanagaragaza ko ari yo yakoreshejwe koko, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rugeneye buri wese mu baregwa 700.000Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Rubyagiza Sophonie, Gahizi Eugēne, Ruzigana Alexis, Mukabisangwa Béatrice na Mpunga Eric, ifite ishingiro. [35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire butakiriwe, kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [36] Rutegetse umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire guha Rubyagiza Sophonie, Gahizi Eugēne, Ruzigana Alexis, Mukabisangwa Béatrice, Mpunga Eric buri wese 700.000Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. [37] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe n’umuryango wa Kimonyo Faustin uhagarariwe na Maridadi Grégoire ujurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.