UMUTERAMBABAZI v. UMUZIRANENGE N’ABANDI

# UMUTERAMBABAZI v. UMUZIRANENGE N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00051/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UMUTERAMBABAZI v. UMUZIRANENGE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00051/2024/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga umuryango – Impano – Umugabane abashyingiranwe batagomba kurenza mu gihe batanga impano – Umushingamategeko yashyizeho umugabane abashyingiranwe batagomba kurenza mu gihe batanga impano, kugira ngo ababakomokaho cyangwa abo bashyingiranwe, bazabashe kubona ibyo bazungura – Umugabane (quotité) utanga atagomba kurenza, ni amategeko y’indemyagihugu, kuko utanga atemewe kuyarengaho uko ashaka; bivuze ko utanga impano agomba kuyubahiriza, yaba atayubahirije, impano yatanze igateshwa agaciro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo Umuziranenge nk’umwuzukuru wari uhagarariye nyirakuru Musangwa Nyirangurube Anastasie ku cyangombwa cye cy’ubutaka, n’abuzukuru ba Musangwa N. Anastasie, bareze Umuterambabazi n’umugabo we Mbanjabahizi Jean Damascene, basaba urwo Rukiko ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 bwandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie, no gutesha agaciro impano UMUTERAMBABAZI yahawe na MUSANGWA Ny. Anastasie y’ubwo butaka kuko bishobora kuba byarakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya, kuko bitumvikana ukuntu umukecuru wari ugeze mu myaka 127, atakibona ndetse atava mu nzu, yari gukora impano y’ubutaka bwe atabwiye abandi bazungura be bahari, atabwiye n’umwuzukuru we UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline babanaga mu nzu ari na we wamwitagaho umunsi ku munsi. Basoza basaba indishyi zitandukanye. Ibyo iyo mpano bikaba byaramenyekanye nyuma yuko umukecuru apfiriye afite imyaka 127, hanyuma hakaba inama y’umuryango igamije kuzungura. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ko Umuterambabazi agumana 1/5 (20%) y’impano, naho naho 4/5 (80%) ikagumana abazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie bose, rutegeka ko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka buburanwa cyandikwaho UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne 1/5 (20%), naho 4/5 (80%) ikandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie bose. Umuterambabazi atishimiye icyo cyemezo yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku kitararegewe kuko rwemeje ko impano ifite agaciro, ariko rukarenga rukajya no ku ngano y’ibyo uwatanze impano atagomba kurenza. Avuga kandi ko abo baburana barahawe imitungo ndetse bamwe bayigurishije. Umuziranenge n’abuzukuru ba Musangwa N Anastasie nabo ku rundi ruhande bajuriye basaba ko niba impamvu bari batanze basaba gutesha agaciro impano zitari zifite ishingiro, no gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rutari rukwiye kwemeza ko impano yaregewe iteshejwe agaciro mu gihe rwasanze itarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amatageko. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe kugira ngo ziburanishirizwe hamwe mu rubanza rumwe. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Umuterambabazi yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, abaregwa batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kubera ko urega yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, Urukiko ruyisuzumiye ku ntebe rusanga nta shingiro ifite. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi,

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urega(Umuterambabazi) avuga ko amasezerano y'impano y'umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 yo ku wa 12/03/2021 yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko nta mpamvu n’imwe mu ziteganywa n’itegeko zituma impano iteshwa agaciro, abareze ku rwego rwa mbere bagaragaza yatuma impano iteshwa agaciro, ko rero inkiko zabanje zakoze ikosa kwemeza ko agumana 1/5 cy’ubutaka yahaweho impano. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo kukitararegewe kuko haregewe gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’impano, ariko Urukiko rusa n’urwemeza ko ayo masezerano afite agaciro, ariko rutegeka ko uwahawe agumana 1/5 cy'umutungo yahawe. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta shingiro afite, akaba agomba kuvaho; asoza asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Ku ruhande rw’abaregwa (Umuziranenge n’abandi buzukuru ba Musangwa N. Anastasie) bavuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, kuko umucamanza yasuzumye ibyo baregeye ashingiye ku mategeko, ko rero rwaciye urubanza ku cyaregewe, hanyuma batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bavuga ko amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021 agomba guteshwa agaciro, kuko iyo mpano itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza, ko kandi umutungo watanzweho impano atari uwa MUSANGWA N. Anastasie wenyine kuko yari awusangiye n’umugabo we wapfuye witwa KARAMIRE Saveri; ko rero MUSANGWA yari afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga 1/5 cya 1/2 kuko ikindi kimwe cya 1/2 cyari icy’umugabo we wapfuye, bityo ko iyo mpano igomba guteshwa agaciro. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umushingamategeko yashyizeho umugabane abashyingiranwe batagomba kurenza mu gihe batanga impano, kugira ngo ababakomokaho cyangwa abo bashyingiranwe, bazabashe kubona ibyo bazungura. Umugabane (quotité) utanga atagomba kurenza, ni amategeko y’indemyagihugu, kuko utanga atemewe kuyarengaho uko ashaka; bivuze ko utanga impano agomba kuyubahiriza, yaba atayubahirije, impano yatanze igateshwa agaciro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, Ingingo ya 33 agace kabiri, iya 48 n’iya 49. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine bavuga ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 bwari bwanditse kuri MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie wavutse mu mwaka wa 1894, ku cyangombwa ahagarariwe n’umwuzukuru we UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline babanaga mu rugo, kuko yari ashaje cyane, hanyuma ku wa

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01/08/2021 aza gupfa afite imyaka 127. Bavuga ko nyuma yo kumushyingura, abagize umuryango we bateranye kugira ngo bige ku bibazo bijyanye n’izungura rye, aho yagombaga kuzungurwa n’umwana we UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne afatanyije n’abazukuru be bahagarariye ababyeyi babo bamukomokaho bapfuye, maze bagatungurwa no gusanga ubutaka bwaranditswe kuri UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne n’umugabo we MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène. [2] Ibyo byatumye barega UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne n’umugabo we MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, barusaba gutegeka ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 bwandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie, no gutesha agaciro impano UMUTERAMBABAZI yahawe na MUSANGWA Ny. Anastasie y’ubwo butaka kuko bishobora kuba byarakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya, kuko bitumvikana ukuntu umukecuru wari ugeze mu myaka 127, atakibona ndetse atava mu nzu, yari gukora impano y’ubutaka bwe atabwiye abandi bazungura be bahari, atabwiye n’umwuzukuru we UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline babanaga mu nzu ari na we wamwitagaho umunsi ku munsi. Basoza basaba indishyi zitandukanye. [3] UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne n’abahagarariye MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène bireguye bavuga ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521, UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yabuhaweho impano n’umubyeyi we akiriho, basaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Mu rubanza RC 00484/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 13/06/2023, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na Aubine MATALA1 gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne agumana 1/5 (20%) y’impano igizwe n’ubutaka bubaruwe kuri UPI : 1/02/09/01/521 buherereye mu Mudugudu w’Imanzi, Akagari ka Bibare, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali yahawe na MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie, naho 4/5 (80%) ikagumana abazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie bose, rutegeka ko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka buburanwa cyandikwaho UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne 1/5 (20%), naho 4/5 (80%) ikandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie bose. [5] UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA 00268/2023/HC/KIG avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko impano yatanzwe na MUSANGWA N. Anastasie ifite agaciro, ariko rukarenga rugasuzuma niba muri iyo mpano yaratanze ibyo amategeko amwemerera gutanga igihe afite abandi bazungura; bityo Urukiko rukaba rwaraciye urubanza ku kitararegewe, no kuba bamwe mu bareze UMUTERAMBABAZI Emillienne abo bakomokaho nyina MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yarabahaye impano z’umutungo utimukanwa kugeza ubu bakaba batunze iyo mitungo, abandi barayigurishije.

1 Yitwa MATALA nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza kandi niko n’uhagarariye abaregwa yabivuze mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 08/10/2025, bityo mu manza zabanje aho bagiye bandika MATATA ni ukwibeshya.

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[6] UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine nabo barajuriye, ubujurire bwabo bwandikwa kuri RCA 00272/2023/HC/KIG basaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba impamvu bari batanze basaba gutesha agaciro impano zitari zifite ishingiro, no gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rutari rukwiye kwemeza ko impano yaregewe iteshejwe agaciro mu gihe rwasanze itarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amatageko. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe kugira ngo ziburanishirizwe hamwe mu rubanza rumwe. [7] Mu rubanza RCA 00268/2023/HC/KIG-CMB RCA 00272/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe n’UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse; rutegeka UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne kwishyura UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yo ku rwego rw’ubujurire, ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe. [8] UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA 00051/2024/CA, naho MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène ntiyajuriye ariko avuga ko asangiye inyungu n’umugore we UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/10/2025, UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène bahagarariwe na Me HABAKURAMA François Xavier, naho UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine bahagarariwe na Me NDAGIJIMANA Emmanuel; haburanishwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe n’abaregwa, ishingiye ku kuba agaciro k’ikiburanwa katagejeje nibura kuri 75.000.000 Frw no kuba uwajuriye yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Ku birebana n’inzitizi ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, ku wa 21/10/2025, Me NDAGIJIMANA Emmanuel yanditse muri sisitemu avuga ko ayiretse, ko Urukiko rwasuzuma inzitizi y’iburabubasha ishingiye ku kuba UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [9] Ku wa 22/10/2025, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ababuranyi bahagarariwe nka mbere, Urukiko rufatiye icyemezo mu ntebe rwemeza ko UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutagaragaje impamvu rwashingiyeho icyemezo cyarwo. Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 12/11/2025, UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène bahagarariwe nka mbere, naho abaregwa bahagarariwe na Me NDAGIJIMANA Emmanuel afatanyije na Me KARENZI Jean Paul. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne avuga ko amasezerano y'impano y'umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 yo ku wa 12/03/2021 yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko nta mpamvu n’imwe mu ziteganywa n’itegeko zituma impano iteshwa agaciro, abareze ku rwego rwa mbere bagaragaza yatuma impano iteshwa agaciro, ko rero inkiko zabanje zakoze ikosa kwemeza ko agumana 1/5 cy’ubutaka yahaweho impano. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo kukitararegewe kuko haregewe gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’impano, ariko Urukiko rusa n’urwemeza ko ayo masezerano afite agaciro, ariko rutegeka ko uwahawe agumana 1/5 cy'umutungo yahawe. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga

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y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta shingiro afite, akaba agomba kuvaho; asoza asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [11] UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine bavuga ko ubujurire bwa UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nta shingiro bufite, kuko umucamanza yasuzumye ibyo baregeye ashingiye ku mategeko, ko rero rwaciye urubanza ku cyaregewe, hanyuma batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bavuga ko amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021 agomba guteshwa agaciro, kuko iyo mpano itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza, ko kandi umutungo watanzweho impano atari uwa MUSANGWA N. Anastasie wenyine kuko yari awusangiye n’umugabo we wapfuye witwa KARAMIRE Saveri; ko rero MUSANGWA yari afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga 1/5 cya 1/2 kuko ikindi kimwe cya 1/2 cyari icy’umugabo we wapfuye, bityo ko iyo mpano igomba guteshwa agaciro. Bavuga kandi ko ibyo UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne avuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa agomba kuvaho, nta shingiro bifite; bagasoza basaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Hashingiwe kuri izi mpaka, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: - kumenya niba amasezerano y'impano y'umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 yo ku wa 12/03/2021 yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; - kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa yakurwaho; - kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri urubanza afite ishingiro. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1.Kumenya niba amasezerano y'impano y'umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 yo ku wa 12/03/2021 yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko [13] Uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène avuga ko amasezerano y’impano yakorewe imbere ya Noteri afite agaciro, kuko ari inyandikomvaho igomba gufatwa nk’ukuri kuri buri wese keretse iregewe nk’inyandiko mpimbano, ko ingingo ya 181 y'Itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n'umuryango, iteganya impamvu eshanu (5) Urukiko rwashingiraho mu gutesha agaciro amasezerano y'impano, ariko ko muri izo mpamvu nta n’imwe abareze ku rwego rwa mbere bashingiyeho, ko ahubwo bavugaga gusa ko MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari ashaje akaba atari atarashoboraga gukora amasezerano, akaba asanga iyo mpamvu itari mu mpamvu ziteganywa n’iryo Tegeko zituma amasezerano y’impano ateshwa agaciro. [14] Avuga kandi MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yahaye imigabane abavandimwe ba UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinze

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Ubutaka yo ku wa 21/08/2023, aho icyo kigo cyagaragaje ko hari imitungo yahawe abavandimwe b’UMUTERAMBABAZI, ko iyo mitungo bahawe bakiyifite abandi bakaba barayigurishije, ko rero umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 wari usigaye wari ugenewe UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne, kuko ari we utari warahawe umugabane we. Bityo ko ibyo inkiko zibanza zemeje ko MUSANGWA N. Anastasie atagombaga gutanga impano irenze 1/5 cy’uwo mutungo nta shingiro bifite, cyane ko atari nabyo byari byaregewe. [15] Asobanura ko iyo usesenguye ibikubiye mu gika cya 22 y'urubanza RCA 00268, 00272/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, usanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaritiranyije amasezerano y'impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021 n'irage, akaba asanga ikibazo cy’irage atari ikibazo cyashoboraga gusuzumwa muri urwo rubanza, kuko haregewe gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’impano, ku buryo nta rage ryagombaga kuzamo, ko muri iki kibazo, abareze ku rwego rubanza basabaga ko amasezerano y'impano ateshwa agaciro, ariko baterekana inenge afite, zaba iz'imihango yagombaga gukurikizwa (vices de forme) cyangwa impamvu nsesamasezerano zishamikiye ku bushake bw'abayagiranye (vices de fond); bityo rero akaba asanga ayo masezerano y’impano agomba kugumana agaciro kayo, cyane ko bayaregeye mu Bushinjacyaha, bugashyingura dosiye. [16] Akomeza asobanura ko ikindi kivuguruza ibyavuzwe n'abari bareze ku rwego rubanza, ari uko muri Attestation de vie yatanzwe n'Umurenge wa Kimironko ku wa 17/03/2021, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'uwo Murenge witwa RWABUKUMBA yemeje ko MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yamugeze imbere agira ati:"Il est en vie et il s'est presenté devant moi", akaba asanga kuba yarashoboye kubonana n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge, nta cyari kumubuza gutanga impano. Avuga kandi ko ku rwego rubanza bagaragaje ko MUSANGWA ajya gutanga impano atabahamagaye, akaba asanga uretse kuba bitarabarebaga, kuko umutungo yatangaga wari uwe, nta bisobanuro babitangiye mu rwego rw’amategeko, na cyane ko na bo mu gihe batangaga ibyabo batamuhamagaraga, kandi ko nta mategeko ahari ategeka umuntu ugiye gutanga umutungo we kubanza guhamagara abuzukuru be batarebwa n'uwo mutungo. [17] Avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko kuzemeza ko amasezerano y'impano avugwa afite agaciro kayo, kandi ko nta wemerewe kugira ibyo ayagabanyaho cyangwa ayongeraho, kuko byaba bibangamira ubushake bw'abayagiranye (autonomie de la volonté des parties contractantes). [18] Avuga na none ko ibisabwa n’abaregwa mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi by’uko amasezerano y’impano agomba guteshwa agaciro, nta shingiro bifite, kuko itegeko riteganya ko iyo umwe mubashyingiranwe apfuye undi yegukana umutungo wose, ko kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe bagaragaza cyerekana ko uwo mukecuru yari incapable, kandi ko nta bushake yari afite bwo gutanga impano, ko n’impamvu batanga ubu y’uko impano itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza, nta shingiro ifite kuko batabasha kugaragaza amategeko ndemyagihugu MUSANGWA N. Anastasie atubahirije. [19] Asoza avuga ko abareze mu rubanza RC 00484/2021/TGI/GSBO basabye Urukiko gutesha agaciro amasezerano y'impano, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rufata icyemezo cyo kugumishaho amasezerano, rusa n’urugaragaza ko afite agaciro, ariko aho kuyarekera ubusugire bwayo, ruvuga ko uwahawe agumana 1/5 cy'umutungo watanzwe, runyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 6 n’iya 10 z’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko ibyo babijuririye mu

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Rukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ruvuga ko nta cyasabwe n’umuburanyi kitavuzweho cyangwa kitarebana n’uru rubanza, akaba asaba uru Rukiko kubikosora rukemeza ko amasezerano y’impano afite agaciro, uwahawe impano akagira 100% y'uburenganzira kuri uwo mutungo. [20] Abahagarariye UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline n’umwunganira akanahagararira KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine, bavuga ko ubujurire bwa UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko rwasuzumye ibyo yaregeye ashingiye ku mategeko, ko rero rwaciye urubanza ku cyaregewe, hanyuma batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bavuga ko amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021 agomba guteshwa agaciro, kuko iyo mpano itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura ryakoreshwga icyo gihe, ko kandi umutungo watanzweho impano atari uwa MUSANGWA N. Anastasie wenyine kuko yari awusangiye n’umugabo we wapfuye witwa KARAMIRE Saveri, ko rero ko MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga kimwe cya gatanu (1/5) cya kimwe cya kabiri (½,) kuko ikindi kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cyari icy’umugabo we wapfuye, bityo ko iyo mpano igomba guteshwa agaciro. [21] Basobanura ko impano yatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza, kuko MUSANGWA N.Anastasie atari afite ububasha bwo gukora amasezerano, kuko Noteri yagaragaje ko yamusanze aho aryamye aramwegura aramusinyisha, bivuze ko atari azi n’ibyo yasinyiye, niba yarasinye koko; ko kandi atari yemerewe gutanga umutungo wose yari afite, kuko uwo mutungo yari awusangiye n’umugabo we, kandi abamukomokaho bagombaga kuzungura se na nyina. Bityo ko ibyo byose bifite ingaruka z’uko ayo masezerano y’impano agomba guteshwa agaciro. [22] Bavuga kandi ko n’ubwo haba hari umuvandimwe wa UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne wahawe umutungo, ariko ko MUSANGWA atari yemerewe guha UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne umutungo wose yari afite, kuko abakomoka kuri MUSANGWA Nyirangurube bafite uburenganzira bwo kuwuzungura. Bityo ko amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021 agomba guteshwa agaciro uwo mutungo ukandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie. Uko Urukiko rubibona [23] Ingingo ya 33, agace ka 2 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura ryakoreshwaga mu gihe MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yakoraga amasezerano y’impano ku wa 12/03/2021, iteganya ibikurikira: “Impano yose ita agaciro iyo itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza”. Ingingo ya 48 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko umugabane w’ibishobora gutangwa ari igice cy’umutungo utanga atemerewe kurenza igihe atanga impano. Ingingo ya 49, igika cya 1 n’icya 2, y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, iteganya ibikurikira: “Abashyingiranywe bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga impano ariko ntibagomba kurenza umugabane w’ibyo bashobora gutanga. Hatitawe ku buryo bw'icungamutungo, umugabane w'ibishobora gutangwa ntushobora kurenga kimwe cya gatanu

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(1/5) cy'umutungo w'utanga iyo afite abana, bine bya gatanu (4/5) bikaba ibizungurwa bizigamirwa abana n’uwo bashyingiranywe.” [24] Abahanga mu mategeko Pierre Voirin na Gilles Goubeaux bavuga ko iyo utanga cyangwa uwakoze irage asize abana cyangwa uwo bashakanye akaba akiriho, itegeko riteganya ko umutungo we ugabanywamo ibice bibiri birimo umugabane w’ibishobora gutangwa, ni ukuvuga ibyo afitiye uburenganzira bwo gutanga uko ashaka, n’umugabane w’ibigomba kubikwa (la réserve), ni ukuvuga ibyo adafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga bigomba kubikirwa abamukomokaho n’uwo bashakanye. Abo bahanga bakomeza basobanura ko Urukiko rusesa imanza rwo mu Bufaransa rwemeje ko ingingo z’amategeko arebana n’umugabane w’ibishobora gutangwa ari amategeko ndemyagihugu2. [25] Urukiko rusesenguye ibikubiye mu ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru, rusanga zumvikanisha ko Umushingamategeko yashyizeho umugabane abashyingiranwe batagomba kurenza mu gihe batanga impano, kugira ngo ababakomokaho cyangwa abo bashyingiranwe, bazabashe kubona ibyo bazungura. Zumvikanisha kandi ko aya mategeko agena umugabane (quotité) utanga atagomba kurenza, ari amategeko y’indemyagihugu, kuko utanga atemewe kuyarengaho uko ashaka; bivuze ko utanga impano agomba kuyubahiriza, yaba atayubahirije, impano yatanze igateshwa agaciro. [26] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaragaramo amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021, aho MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yahaye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne ubutaka burimo inzu, bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 buherereye mu Mudugudu w’Imanzi, Akagari ka Bibare, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali. Ikindi, muri dosiye nta wundi mutungo utimukanwa ababuranyi bagaragaza, MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yaba yaratunze mu gihe yahaga UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne ubutaka burimo inzu bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521; ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko uwo mutungo ari wo wonyine MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari afite icyo gihe. [27] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba ntaho bigaragara ko hari undi mutungo utimukanwa MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari afite ubwo yatangaga impano, uretse ubutaka burimo inzu bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 ari uwo mutungo; bivuze ko ari wo mutungo utimukanwa wonyine MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari afite. Kuba yari afite abana bamukomokaho bagomba kumuzungura mu gihe atakiriho, birumvikana ko mu gihe yatangaga impano yagombaga kutarenza umugabane wa kimwe cya gatanu (1/5) cy’uwo mutungo, kuko ari cyo gice itegeko rimwemerera gutanga. Kuba rero yarahaye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne uwo mutungo wose, kandi azi neza ko afite abandi bamukomokaho bagomba kumuzungura mu gihe yaba atarikiriho, birumvikana ko iyo mpano yatanze itubahirije amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imigenzo myiza nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru; bityo impano y’ubutaka burimo inzu bubaruye kuri UPI:

2 Pierre Voirin et Gilles Goubeaux,Droit civil, tome 2, Régimes matrimoniaux successions- liberalités, 31ème éd., Paris, LGDJ, 2020, pp. 309-310 (Lorsque le donateur ou testateur laisse comme heritiers des descendants ou le conjoint survivant, la loi divise son patrimoine en deux parts: la quotité disponible dont il peut disposer à son gré à titre gratuity et la réserve, qui est une fraction du patrimoine toujours dévolue ab intestat aux descendants ou au conjoint, et dont ceux-ci, par conséquent, ne peuvent être dépouillés par les libéralités du défunt. “.. Cependant, la réserve n’en demeure pas moins d’ordre public interne (Cass.1re civ., 4 Juillet 2018, no 17-16515).

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1/02/09/01/521 MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yahaye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne iteshejwe agaciro. [28] Ku byo uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène avuga ko impano UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yahawe ifite agaciro kuko amasezerano y’impano yakorewe imbere ya Noteri, ko rero ayo masezerano ari inyandikomvaho, Urukiko rurasanga ntacyo byamara, kuko kuba iyo mpano yaratanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndemyagihugu, bihagije ngo iteshwe agaciro. Ku byo avuga ko mu mpamvu eshanu ziteganywa n’Itegeko zituma impano iteshwa agaciro, nta nimwe abareze ku rwego rwa mbere bashingiyeho, ko ahubwo bavugaga gusa ko MUSANGWA N. Anastasie yari ashaje akaba atarashoboraga gukora amasezerano, Urukiko rurasanga nabyo ntacyo byamumarira, kuko nubwo baba bataravuze ingingo z’amategeko zibukijwe haruguru, ariko icy’ingenzi kigaragara muri dosiye ni uko UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline na bagenzi be bareze ku rwego rwa mbere basabye ko impano yahawe UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne iteshwa agaciro, kandi mu gusubiza icyo kibazo, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze MUSANGWA N. Anastasie ataragombaga gutanga ibirenze 1/5 cy’umutungo, nubwo mu cyemezo cyarwo rutatesheje agaciro iyo mpano. Kuba rero barajuririye Urukiko Rukuru basaba ko iteshwa agaciro, ndetse no muri uru Rukiko, UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline na bagenzi be, bakaba baratanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba ko iyo mpano iteshwa agaciro, kuko inyuranyije n’ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 yavuzwe haruguru, kandi akaba ari nako Urukiko rwabibonye, birumvikana ko nta mpamvu yatuma iyo mpano idateshwa agaciro mu gihe yatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndemyagihugu. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène avuga ko MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie yahaye imigabane abavandimwe ba UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne, ko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 ari uw’UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne, kuko ari we wari utarahabwa, nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibaruwa y’Ikigo cy’ Igihugu gishinzwe Ubutaka yo ku wa 21/08/2023, ashingiraho itagaragaza ko MUSANGWA N.Anastasie yahaye abana be imigabane yabo, usibye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nk’uko Me HABAKURAMA François Xavier ashaka kubyukinisha, ahubwo iyo baruwa igaragaza ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/519 bwabaruwe mu ibarura rusange ry’ubutaka kuri succession BYEMAYIRE Innocent ihagarariwe na MAZIMPAKA Byemayire Fabrice, ko ubutaka bufite UPI 1/02/09/01/520 bwabaruwe mu ibarura rusange ry’ubutaka kuri KAZERWA Brasius, na MUREBWAYIRE Odette, naho ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 bwanditse k’UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène, akaba abukomora ku mpano yahawe na MUSANGWA N.Anastasie. Uretse n’ibyo n’iyo baba barayihawe, ntabwo byabavutsa ibyo amategeko ateganya ko utanga impano, mu gihe afite abana, atagomba kurenza kimwe cya gatanu (1/5) cy'umutungo, ibindi bine bya gatanu (4/5) bikaba ibizungurwa bizigamirwa abana. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutafashe icyemezo ku byo rwaregewe, nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko bigaragara muri dosiye, icyaregewe kuva urubanza rutangiye ni ugusaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro impano yahawe UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne, ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 bukandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie, kandi ibyo nibyo byafashweho icyemezo, kuko inkiko zasanze MUSANGWA N.

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Anastasie atari yemerewe gutanga impano irenze 1/5 cy’umutungo. Bityo nta cyafashweho icyemezo mu rubanza rujuririrwa kitaregewe. 2. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa yakurwaho [31] Uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène avuga ko mu gika cya 37 cy’urubanza cy'urubanza RCA 00268,00272/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne gutanga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka adafite ishingiro, akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuyavanaho, kuko ntaho ashingiye. [32] Abahagarariye UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na Matala Aubine bavuga ko ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka ari ingaruka, bityo ko agomba kugumaho. Uko Urukiko rubibona [33] Ingingo ya 150, agace ka 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”. [34] Urukiko rurasanga, usibye kuba uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne avuga gusa ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nta shingiro afite akaba agomba kuvaho, ariko ntagaragaza uburyo nta shingiro afite, nta nagaragaza itegeko ryishwe; bityo ayo mafaranga agomba kugumaho. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [35] Uhagarariye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubagenera amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana 2,000,000 Frw na 6,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza abaregwa basaba nta shingiro afite, kuko amasezerano y’impano y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 akurikije amategeko. Bityo ko kuba UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne n’umugabo we MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène baburana ari uburenganzira bemererwa n’amategeko bwo gukurikirana umutungo wabo. [36] Abahagarariye UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine bavuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka

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UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne na MBANJABAHIZI Jean Damascène basaba nta shingiro afite, ko ahubwo abaregwa ari bo bakwiye guhabwa amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka na miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Uko Urukiko rubibona [37] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [38] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza abaregwa basaba bakwiye kuyahabwa, kuko ubujurire bwa UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nta shingiro bwahawe, nyama ubujurire bwabo bwuririye ku bundi bwahawe ishingiro, kandi bashatse Abavoka bo kubaburanira, banatakaza amafaranga bakurikirana urubanza; rurasanga ariko ayo basaba ari menshi cyane ugereranyije n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza; bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rubageneye ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego yiyongera k’uyo bagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000 Frw), yose hamwe akaba miliyoni n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000 Frw) agomba gutangwa n’UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne. Naho ayo UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne asaba ntayo akwiye guhabwa, kuko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bwahawe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [39] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne nta shingiro bufite. [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine bufite ishingiro. [41] Rwemeje ko amasezerano y’impano yo ku wa 12/03/2021, aho MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie yahaye UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne ubutaka burimo inzu bufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521 ateshejwe agaciro, kuko iyo mpano yatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [42] Rutegetse ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/01/521, uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Imanzi, Akagari ka Bibare, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali wandikwa ku bazungura ba MUSANGWA Nyirangurube Anastasie. [43] Rutegetse UMUTERAMBABAZI Emilienne kwishyura UMUZIRANENGE Jacqueline, KAYIGANWA Clarisse, GAHONGAYIRE Jeanne, MURIGANDE Jacques, BYABAGAMBA Yvan Christian na MATALA Aubine, bose hamwe, ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru

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rwego yiyongera k’uyo bagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw), yose hamwe akaba miliyoni n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000 Frw). [44] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.