UNGUKA BANK PLC v. NDAGIJIMANA

# UNGUKA BANK PLC v. NDAGIJIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-15 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00010/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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UNGUKA BANK PLC v. NDAGIJIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RCOM 00010/2022/SC (Mukamurisa, P.J., Cyanzayire na Hitiyaremye, J.) 15 Ukuboza 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo – Inyungu – Inyungu ku nguzanyo banki ziha abakiliya bazo zikomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe. inyungu banki zishobora kwishyuza ntizigomba kurenga umwenda shingiro wagaragajwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga mu rwego rwo kutishyurwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Ndagijimana yahawe inguzanyo na UNGUKA BANK Plc mu gihe ayishyura avugako iyo Banki imwishyuza amafaranga y’ikirenga, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’ubucuruzi arusaba kwemeza ko nta mwenda akiyibereyemo. Ababuranyi bombi baburanye mu Rukiko rw’ubucuruzi ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi; UNGUKA BANK Ltd itishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi aho urwo Rukiko rwemezaga ko nta mwenda Ndagijimana akiyibereyemo, isaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane irabyemererwa, urwo rubanza ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari umwenda Ndagijimana Théoneste agifitiye UNGUKA Bank Plc n’ingano yawo mu gihe waba uhari, Urukiko rusanga ari ngombwa gushyiraho umuhanga mu ibaruramari kugira ngo azarufashe gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’umwenda UNGUKA Bank Plc yahaye Ndagijimana Théoneste n’uburyo wagiye wishyurwa, rumusaba gukora raporo yitaye k’umurongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu zindi manza ugaragaza ko gusiba umwenda bidahagarika kubara inyungu, ko ahubwo zihagarara kubarwa igihe zimaze kungana n’umwenda remezo utishyuwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga ku rwego rwo kutishyurwa. Kuri iyi ngingo UNGUKA Bank Plc ivugako yemeranywa na raporo yakoze n’uwo muhanga ndetse igaragaza ko Ndagijimana ayibereyemo umwenda ungana na 4.002.523 Frw. Uregwa yiregura avugako urubanza umuhanga yashingiyeho mu gukora raporo rudahuje kamere n’urubanza rwabo kubera ko UNGUKA Bank Plc yemera cyangwa ivuga ko yibeshye. Akavuga ko nta mpamvu yari ihari yo kureba izindi manza kandi amategeko asobanutse ndetse ko kuba mu nyandiko yo ku itariki ya 09/06/2020 Banki igaragaza ko yishyuye 3.259.348 Frw y’inyungu nta kindi yakabaye abazwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Inyungu ku nguzanyo banki ziha abakiliya bazo zikomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe. inyungu banki zishobora kwishyuza ntizigomba kurenga umwenda shingiro wagaragajwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga mu rwego rwo kutishyurwa. Ikirego gifite ishingiro. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64, Itegeko Nº 47/2017 ryo ku wa 23/9/2017 rigena imitunganyirize y’imirimo y’amabanki, Ingingo ya 112,2o,

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Amabwiriza Rusange n° 12/2017 yo ku wa 23/11/2017 ku ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’imyenda no guteganya ingoboka, ingingo ya 24. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00008/2021/SC, SIMACO Ltd vs I&M Bank Rwanda Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 25/02/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA: [1] Ndagijimana Théoneste yareze UNGUKA Bank Plc mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko imwishyuza amafaranga y’ikirenga ku nguzanyo yamuhaye, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko nta mwenda akiyibereyemo, rukayitegeka guha agaciro ubusabe yayigejejeho ayisaba kumwongerera igihe, no kumwishyura indishyi zihwanye na 5.000.000 Frw kubera igihombo gikomoka ku kutabona icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bwe ngo abubyaze umusaruro. [2] UNGUKA Bank Plc yireguye ivuga ko Ndagijimana Théoneste atarangije kwishyura inguzanyo yahawe kuko mu masezerano bemeranyije ko agurijwe 10.000.000 Frw ku nyungu zisanzwe za 24% ku mwaka, na 4% buri kwezi ku mafaranga ari mu bukererwe, kandi ko inguzanyo yose izishyurwa mu mezi 12, hishyurwa 6.200.000 Frw buri gihembwe kigizwe n’amezi atandatu. Ivuga ko icyo gihe cyarenze Ndagijimana Théoneste atararangiza kwishyura, ayo yagiye yishyura akaba yari ayo kuziba icyuho cy’inyungu kubera ubukererwe, ku buryo umwenda usigaye kwishyurwa ungana na 6.105.178 Frw, akubiyemo 5.000.000 Frw y’umwenda remezo, 1.032.853 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe na 72.325 Frw y’inyungu z’ubukererwe. [3] Ku itariki ya 09/12/2020, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOM 01251/2020/TC, rushingiye kuri historique ya konti y’umwenda yatanzwe na UNGUKA Bank Plc, ndetse no ku kuba Ndagijimana Théoneste ubwe yariyemereraga ko atabashije kwishyura ku gihe inguzanyo yahawe, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndagijimana Théoneste nta shingiro gifite kuko akibereyemo Banki 6.105.178 Frw, akubiyemo 5.000.000 Frw y’umwenda remezo, 1.032.853 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe na 72.325 Frw y’inyungu z’ubukererwe, runamutegeka kuyishyura 550.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [4] Ndagijimana Théoneste yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, atanga impamvu z’ubujurire zikurikira : i. Kuba Urukiko rwaravuze ko amafaranga yayamaranye imyaka ibiri kandi ataribyo kuko Banki yatinze kuyarekura imubwira ko RDB itari yasinyira ingwate, no kuba rwarirengagije historique ya Banki yatanze igaragaza ko yahawe amafaranga ku itariki ya 31/05/2017, akaba yari yararangije kwishyura 12.991.000 Frw ku ya 21/05/2019, muri icyo gihe imyaka ibiri ikaba yari itarashira ; ii. Kuba Banki yaraburanye ivuga ko atararangiza kwishyura ariko ntigaragaze ikimenyetso ko yaba yaramwandikiye imwishyuza ;

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iii. Kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije ibaruwa yandikiye Banki ayigaragariza igihombo yahuye nacyo. [5] Ku itariki ya 14/12/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00074/2021/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Ndagijimana Théoneste bufite ishingiro, ruvuga ko nta mwenda akibereyemo UNGUKA Bank Plc. [6] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko muri dosiye harimo historiques ebyiri (2), imwe yo ku itariki ya 15/10/2020, yatanzwe na UNGUKA Bank Plc kuri konti nº 20100500420033 "loan ledger card" ya Ndagijimana Théoneste, igaragaza ko abereyemo Banki 6.105.178 Frw akomoka ku nguzanyo yahawe ku itariki ya 31/05/2017, n’indi yo ku ya 22/05/2019, yatanzwe na Ndagijimana Théoneste kuri "compte courant" ifite nº 201500420017, igaragaza ko kuva ku itariki ya 01/12/2017 kugeza ku ya 21/05/2019, Banki yagiye ivana kuri iyo konti amafaranga yiyishyura inguzanyo, igiteranyo cyayo kikaba kingana na 12.591.000 Frw. [7] UNGUKA Bank Plc yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza RCOMA 00074/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 14/12/2021 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga amusaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo, maze ku itariki ya 24/08/2022, afata icyemezo n° 138/CJ/2022 ko urwo rubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, ikirego gihabwa RS/INJUST/RCOM 00010/2022/SC. [8] Mu myanzuro yayo, UNGUKA Bank Plc yemeza ko Ndagijimana Théoneste akiyibereyemo umwenda, ariko uyu we akavuga ko yarangije kwishyura ndetse akanarenza, ko ahubwo hari amafaranga Banki igomba kumusubiza. [9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 20/02/2023, Ndagijimana Théoneste yunganiwe na Me Nsabimana Jean Damascène, naho UNGUKA Bank Plc ihagarariwe na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva afatanyije na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément. [10] Ubwo iburanisha ryari rigiye gusozwa, Urukiko rwasanze ari ngombwa gushyiraho umuhanga mu ibaruramari kugira ngo azarufashe gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’umwenda UNGUKA Bank Plc yahaye Ndagijimana Théoneste n’uburyo wagiye wishyurwa, maze rushyiraho uwitwa Hagenimana Pascal rumuha inshingano zikurikira : i. Kugaragaza uko umwenda ukomoka ku masezerano ababuranyi bagiranye ku itariki ya 25/05/2017, wagombaga kwishyurwa hakurikijwe ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano ; ii. Kugaragaza uko umwenda wagiye wishyurwa kugeza ku itariki ya 09/06/2020, ubwo UNGUKA Bank Plc yandikiraga Ndagijimana Théoneste imubwira ko ayibereyemo umwenda ungana na 6.105.178 Frw ; iii. Kugaragaza niba kuri iyo tariki imaze kuvugwa, Ndagijimana Théoneste yari atararangiza kwishyura umwenda, no kugaragaza ingano yawo (umwenda remezo, inyungu zisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe). [11] Ku itariki ya 21/06/2023, urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa, Ndagijimana Théoneste yunganiwe na Me Havugiyaremye Pacifique, naho UNGUKA Bank Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément, hari n’umuhanga Hagenimana Pascal. Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro by’umuhanga kuri raporo

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yashyikirije Urukiko, Inteko yasanze ari ngombwa ko yongera kuyitunganya akurikije inshingano yahawe kandi yitaye ku bintu bikurikira : i. Umurongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu zindi manza ugaragaza ko gusiba umwenda bidahagarika kubara inyungu, ko ahubwo zihagarara kubarwa igihe zimaze kungana n’umwenda remezo utishyuwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga ku rwego rwo kutishyurwa ; ii. Ibyo ababuranyi bemeranywaho ko kugeza ku itariki ya 22/05/2019, Ndagijimana Théoneste yari amaze kwishyura 12.991.000 Frw ; iii. Ibyo UNGUKA Bank Plc igaragaza mu ibaruwa yandikiye Ndagijimana Théoneste ku itariki ya 09/06/2020, ko inyungu zisanzwe zishyuwe zingana na 3.759.348 Frw, naho inyungu z’ubukererwe zishyuwe zikangana na 3.940.131 Frw ; iv. Kunoza uburyo imibare igaragara mu mbonerahamwe za raporo yakoze kugira ngo irusheho kumvikana. [12] Ku itariki ya 14/07/2023, umuhanga yagejeje mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko raporo yakoze nk’uko yari yabisabwe igaragaza ko, hashingiwe ku kuba gusiba umwenda bidahagarika kubara inyungu, Ndagijimana Théoneste abereyemo UNGUKA Bank Plc 4.002.523 Frw, ko hashingiwe ku byo ababuranyi bemeranywaho, Ndagijimana Théoneste yaba yarishyuye UNGUKA Bank Plc ahubwo akarenzaho 291.523 Frw, ko ariko we abona umwenda nyawo Ndagijimana Théoneste asigaje kwishyura havuyemo ayishyuwe y’umurengera, ari 3.711.000 Frw. [13] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku itariki ya 26/09/2023, Ndagijimana Théoneste yunganiwe na Me Havugiyaremye Pacifique, naho UNGUKA Bank Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément. Umuhanga Hagenimana Pascal yasobanuriye Urukiko raporo yakoze, ababuranyi nabo bahabwa umwanya wo kugira icyo bayivugaho. Iburanisha rirangiye, ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku itariki ya 27/10/2023, ariko hagati aho umwe mu bacamanza bari bagize inteko ahindurirwa imirimo biba ngombwa ko iburanisha ripfundurwa kugira ngo inteko ihinduke, rishyirwa ku itariki ya 20/11/2023. [14] Muri uru rubanza impande zombi zagiye impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba hari umwenda Ndagijimana Théoneste agifitiye UNGUKA Bank Plc n’ingano yawo mu gihe waba uhari, icyo kibazo aba aricyo Urukiko rusuzuma. Hasuzumwe kandi n’ikibazo cy’indishyi zasabwe n’ababuranyi. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO

Kumenya niba hari umwenda NDAGIJIMANA Théoneste agifitiye UNGUKA Bank Plc,  n’ingano yawo mu gihe waba uhari. [15] Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye UNGUKA Bank Plc, bavuga ko akarengane kari mu rubanza basabye ko rwasubirwamo ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibyumvikanyweho n’impande zombi mu masezerano y’umwenda yo ku itariki ya 25/05/2017, historique ya konti y’umwenda UNGUKA Bank Plc yagaragaje, ndetse n’ibaruwa yo ku itariki ya 25/02/2018 Ndagijimana Théoneste yandikiye Banki. Basobanura ko ibyo bimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ndagijimana Théoneste atarangije kwishyura umwenda ku gihe bumvikanyeho mu masezerano, bityo akaba akiyibereyemo umwenda ungana na 6.105.178 Frw, akubiyemo 5.000.000 Frw

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y’umwenda remezo, 1.032.853 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe na 72.325 Frw y’inyungu z’ubukererwe nk’uko yabigaragarijwe mu ibaruwa yo ku itariki ya 09/06/2020 UNGUKA Bank Plc yamwandikiye. [16] Bakomeza bavuga ko iyo Ndagijimana Théoneste yishyura neza mu gihe cyateganyijwe mu masezerano, yari kwishyura 12.400.000 Frw (umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo), ariko ko atariko byagenze kuko yarengejeho umwaka wose, bituma akomeza kubarirwa inyungu zisanzwe n’inyungu z’ubukererwe hakurikijwe ibyumvikanyweho mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye. Basobanura ko ibyo bishimangirwa n’ibaruwa yo ku itariki ya 25/02/2018 Ndagijimana Théoneste yandikiye Banki agaragaza ko yananiwe kwishyura kubera ko umusaruro w’ibirayi yari kuvanamo ubwishyu wabuze isoko asaba ko bamwongerera igihe cy’amezi atandatu, ariko izo mpamvu yerekanaga UNGUKA Bank Plc ikaba itarazihaye agaciro, ndetse n’Urukiko rukaba rutarazemeye. [17] Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu gusuzuma niba Ndagijimana Théoneste yararangije kwishyura umwenda, rutari gushingira kuri historique yo ku itariki ya 22/05/2019 ya compte courant ifite nᵒ 201500420017 kubera ko itagaragaza uko umwenda wagiye wishyurwa (umwenda remezo, inyungu zisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe), ko ahubwo igaragaza gusa amafaranga yagiye anyuzwa kuri konti ya Ndagijimana Théoneste n’ayagiye akurwaho. [18] Barangiza basaba ko mu gusuzuma niba Ndagijimana Théoneste yararangije kwishyura, hakwiye gusesengurwa historique yo ku itariki ya 15/10/2020 ya compte crédit - loan leger-card nᵒ 20100500420017 kuko ariyo yerekana uko umwenda remezo wagiye wishyurwa, ni ukuvuga igihe amafaranga yishyuriwe, uko yagabanyije umwenda haba ku nyungu zisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe, n’uko umwenda usigaye wabazwe, ndetse hakanarebwa amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, cyane cyane ingingo ya mbere, iya 2 (agace ka 2) n’iya 31. [19] Ku birebana na raporo y’umuhanga, Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément uhagarariye UNGUKA Bank Plc avuga ko yemeranya na raporo y’umuhanga ku ngingo ya mbere irebana n’uburyo umwenda ubarwa hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, aho ku rupapuro rwa 7 n’urwa 8 avuga ko umwenda Ndagijimana Théoneste asigayemo UNGUKA Bank Plc ungana na 4.002.523 Frw. [20] Ku birebana n’ingingo ya kabiri irebana n’uko kugeza ku itariki ya 22/05/2019, UNGUKA Bank Plc yemeranya na Ndagijimana Théoneste ko yari amaze kwishyura 12.991.000 Frw, Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément avuga ko nubwo ayo mafaranga yaba yarayishyuye, bidasobanuye ko yarangije kwishyura umwenda nk’uko yatanze ikirego abivuga harebwe ko yamaze imyaka ibiri atishyura, mu gihe amasezerano yavugaga ko umwenda uzishyurwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ibaruwa UNGUKA Bank Plc yandikiye Ndagijimana Théoneste imumenyesha ko inyungu zisanzwe zishyuwe zingana na 3.759.348 Frw, inyungu z’ubukererwe zikangana na 3.940.131 Frw, Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément avuga ko nabyo bidakwiye gufatwa nko kwiyemerera 1 Ingingo ya mbere igaragaza ko urega yagurijwe 10.000.000 Frw; ingingo ya 2 agace kayo ka 2, igaragaza ko inyungu zisanzwe ku nguzanyo zibariwe kuri 24% ku mwaka, naho inyungu z’ubukererwe zibariwe kuri 4 % buri kwezi; ingingo ya 3 ivuga ko inguzanyo yose izishyurwa mu mezi 12, hishyurwa 6.200.000 Frw buri gihembwe kigizwe n’amezi atandatu (Bi-annual).

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k’umuburanyi kuko bitakorewe mu rukiko, ko ahubwo byafatwa nko kwibeshya mu mibare. Avuga ko no ku giteranyo cya byose habayeho kwibeshya kuko Banki yabaraga ko umwenda wose usigaye kwishyurwa ari 6.105.178 Frw, nyamara nyuma yo kwicarana n’umuhanga isanga uwo mwenda uhwanye na 4.002.523 Frw. Asaba ko Urukiko rutagendera ku mibare yagaragayemo kwibeshya mu gihe rwashyizeho umuhanga, ko ahubwo habaho gukosora hakarebwa ibyo umuhanga yagaragaje ashingiye kuri historique. [22] Ku birebana n’ingingo ya gatatu aho umuhanga yasabwe guhuza imibare, Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément avuga ko umuhanga asa nk’aho yibeshye ku byo yasabwe kubera ko igiteranyo yagaragaje kuri iyo ngingo kinyuranye n’icyo yagaragaje ku ngingo ya mbere, ibyo akabibona nk’inenge ikomeye cyane. Yanzura avuga ko ibyo umuhanga yagaragaje kuri iyo ngingo bidahuye n’ukuri. [23] Ndagijimana Théoneste n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo UNGUKA Bank Plc ishingiraho isubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta gaciro bikwiye guhabwa, bitewe n’uko ariyo yishe amasezerano y’inguzanyo bagiranye, aho mu ngingo ya 10 yayo bemeranyije ko atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa akimara gusinywa n’impande zombi, nyamara akaba atariko byagenze kuko bayasinye ku itariki ya 25/05/2017, Banki ikamwemerera gufata kuri konti ye 5.000.000 Frw gusa ku itariki ya 10/06/2017. Bavuga ko ku itariki ya 28/06/2017, nyuma y’igihe cy’ukwezi kose basinye amasezerano, aribwo yemerewe gufata igice cyari gisigaye ku nguzanyo, kandi icyo gihe Banki ikaba itarakivanye mu gihe cyari giteganyijwe cyo kwishyura. [24] Bavuga kandi ko ku itariki ya 12/02/2018, Ndagijimana Théoneste yari amaze kwishyura 4.001.000 Frw, ku ya 25/02/2018 yandikira Umuyobozi wa UNGUKA Bank Plc asaba kongererwa igihe cyo kwishyura kuko yahuye n’igihombo cyo kubura isoko ry’ibirayi yari yejeje, Banki ntiyamusubiza, ku ya 22/05/2019 aba aribwo arangiza kwishyura umwenda wose. [25] Bakomeza bavuga ko Ndagijimana Théoneste arangije kwishyura yasabye Banki icyangombwa cy’ubutaka yari yaratanzeho ingwate, maze ku itariki ya 09/06/2020, bamumenyesha ko asigaje kwishyura umwenda ungana na 6.105.478 Frw, ugizwe n’umwenda remezo wa 5.000.000 Frw, inyungu zisanzwe zingana na 1.032.853 Frw n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 72.325 Frw, nyamara ntibamugaragariza icyo bashingiyeho bayabara. [26] Basobanura ko muri iyo baruwa, UNGUKA Bank Plc yamenyesheje Ndagijimana Théoneste ko amaze kwishyura 3.759.348 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe mu gihe izigomba kwishyurwa ari 4.792.261 Frw, akaba atumva uburyo inyungu zisanzwe zumvikanyweho mu masezerano zavuye kuri 2.400.000 Frw zikagera kuri 4.792.261 Frw. Bavuga ko yanamumenyesheje ko inyungu z’ubukererwe yishyuye ari 3.940.131 Frw, mu gihe izigomba kwishyurwa ari 4.012.456 Frw, nabyo bikaba byaramuteye urujijo kuko kuvuga ko inyungu z’ubukererwe zabazwe mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri atari byo, cyane cyane ko zabazwe no ku mafaranga yishyuwe mu gihe gikwiye. [27] Bavuga nanone ko kuba ku itariki ya 22/05/2019, UNGUKA Bank Plc yarakoze imibare ikabona ikinyuranyo kingana na 591.000 Frw nk’uko bigaragara kuri historique ya compte courant, ariko ntihite ibimumenyesha, ahubwo igategereza umwaka wose habarwa inyungu, kuko yamwandikiye ku itariki ya 09/06/2020, nabyo bigaragaza ko yishe amasezerano kubera ko itagombaga kumara umwaka wose imubarira inyungu, mu gihe ingingo ya 8, agace ka E, y’amasezerano, iteganya ko Banki ifite uburenganzira bwo

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gusesa amasezerano nta nteguza mu gihe habaye ubukererwe burenze amezi abiri, bivuze ko Banki yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate hatabanje kubaho urubanza kuko ingwate zatanzwe zari zanditswe muri RDB. [28] Ku bijyanye n’ingingo ya mbere ivugwa muri raporo y’umuhanga irebana no kubara inyungu nyuma y’isibwa ry’umwenda, Ndagijimana Théoneste na Me Havugiyaremye Pacifique umwunganira, bavuga ko urubanza umuhanga yashingiyeho mu gukora raporo rudahuje kamere n’urubanza rwabo kubera ko UNGUKA Bank Plc yemera cyangwa ivuga ko yibeshye. Bavuga ko nta mpamvu yari ihari yo kureba izindi manza kandi amategeko asobanutse. Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba mu nyandiko yo ku itariki ya 09/06/2020 Banki igaragaza ko Ndagijimana Théoneste yishyuye 3.259.348 Frw y’inyungu nta kindi yakabaye abazwa. [29] Ku birebana n’ingingo ya kabiri, bavuga ko umuhanga yagaragaje ko hari amafaranga Banki igomba Ndagijimana Théoneste, ko mu gihe bimeze bityo ntaho yari guhera ngo ikomeze kumubarira inyungu, cyane cyane ko nta masezerano yari agihari nyuma yo gusibwa k’umwenda. [30] Ku birebana n’ingingo ya gatatu irebana no kunoza imibare, Ndagijimana Théoneste na Me Havugiyaremye Pacifique umwunganira bavuga ko batemera ibyo umuhanga yakoze kubera ko imibare yakoze idahuje n’ukuri kuko umwenda wose wari warishyuwe, ahubwo UNGUKA Bank Plc akaba ariyo igomba gusubiza Ndagijimana Théoneste 291.000 Frw. Uko Urukiko rubibona [31] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. [32] Amasezerano ababuranyi bagiranye agaragaza ko Ndagijimana Théoneste yahawe na UNGUKA Bank Plc umwenda ungana na 10.000.000 Frw wagombaga kwishyurwa mu gihe cy’amezi 12 ku nyungu ya 24% ku mwaka, habaho ubukererwe akabarirwa kuri 4% buri kwezi ku mafaranga ari mu bukererwe kugeza arangije kwishyura2. Nk’uko bikubiye muri ayo masezerano bikanagaragazwa na plan de remboursement iri muri dosiye kandi nayo igize amasezerano, ku itariki ya 30/11/2017, Ndagijimana Théoneste yagombaga kuba yishyuye 6.200.000 Frw, ku itariki ya 30/05/2018 akishyura andi 6.200.000 Frw bityo umwenda ukaba urarangiye3. [33] Impande zombi muri uru rubanza zemeranya ko amasezerano atashyizwe mu bikorwa uko babyumvikanyeho, kuko ku itariki ya 30/11/2017, Ndagijimana Théoneste atari yarangije kwishyura nk’uko nawe abyivugira mu ibaruwa yo ku itariki ya 25/02/2018 yandikiye Banki avuga ko mu gihembwe cya mbere yishyuye 4.000.000 Frw gusa, mu gihe nyamara yagombaga kuba yarishyuye 6.200.000 Frw. Icyo batumvikanaho ni uburyo umwenda wabazwe, aho Ndagijimana Théoneste avuga ko kuba kugeza ku itariki ya 21/05/2019, yarishyuye 12.991.000 Frw yarangije kwishyura ahubwo akanarenza, mu gihe Banki yo ivuga ko umwenda utarangiye 2 Reba ingingo ya 2.2 y’amasezerano. 3 Reba ingingo ya 3 y’amasezerano.

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kubera ko yarengeje igihe bari barumvikanye agakomeza kubarirwa inyungu zisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe, ibyo bikaba byaratumye umwenda ukomeza kuzamuka. [34] Nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, hakurikijwe amasezerano Ndagijimana Théoneste yagiranye na UNGUKA Bank Plc, ku itariki ya 30/11/2017, Ndagijimana Théoneste yagombaga kuba yishyuye 6.200.000 Frw, nyamara ariko siko byagenze kuko ahubwo kuri iyo tariki aribwo yatangiye kwishyura nk’uko umuhanga abigaragaza. [35] Hashingiwe kuri raporo y’umuhanga, Urukiko rurasanga Ndagijimana Théoneste yarishyuye mu buryo bukurikira : i. Ku itariki ya 30/11/2017, yishyuye 8.479 Frw, akurwa muri 1.200.000 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe hasigara 1.191.521 Frw, umwenda remezo ukomeza kuba 5.000.000 Frw. ii. Ku itariki ya 01/12/2017, yishyuye 1.201.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 1.191.521 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe na 6.667 Frw y’ibihano by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho umunsi umwe, hasigara 2.812 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 5.000.000 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 4.997.188 Frw. iii. Ku itariki ya 07/12/2017, yishyuye 1.070.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 33.315 Frw y’ibihano by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 5, hasigara 1.036.685 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 4.997.188 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 3.960.503 Frw. iv. Ku itariki ya 23/01/2018, yishyuye 400.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 242.911 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 46, hasigara 157.089 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 3.960.503 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 3.803.414 Frw. iv. Ku itariki ya 26/01/2018, yishyuye 70.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 10.142 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 2, hasigara 59.858 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 3.803.414 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 3.743.556 Frw. vi. Ku itariki ya 30/01/2018, yishyuye 100.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 14.974 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 3, hasigara 85.026 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 3.743.556 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 3.658.530 Frw. vii. Ku itariki ya 02/02/2018, nanone yishyuye 100.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 9.756 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 2, hasigara 90.244 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 3.658.530 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 3. 568.286 Frw. v. Ku itariki ya 12/02/2018, yishyuye 1.060.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 42.819 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 9, hasigara 1.017.181 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 3.568.286 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 2.551.105 Frw.

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vi. Ku itariki ya 13/03/2018, yishyuye 600.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 95.241 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 28, hasigara 504.759 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 2.551.105 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 2.046.346 Frw. vii. Ku itariki ya 02/05/2018, yishyuye 1.150.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 133.695 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 49, hasigara 1.016.305 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 2.046.346 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 1.030.041 Frw. xi. Ku itariki ya 18/05/2018, yishyuye 300.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 20.601 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 15, hasigara 279.399 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 1.030.041 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 750.642 Frw. xii. Ku itariki ya 30/05/2018, yishyuye 200.000 Frw, muri ayo mafaranga hakurwamo 11.009 Frw y’ibihaho by’ubukererwe kuko yari amaze gukererwaho iminsi 11, hasigara 188.991 Frw aba ariyo avanwa muri 750.642 Frw y’umwenda remezo, bityo kuri iyo tariki umwenda usigara ungana na 561.651 Frw. [36] Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa nk’uko bikubiye muri raporo y’umuhanga, Urukiko rurasanga igihe cyumvikanyweho mu masezerano ababuranyi bagiranye, cyararangiye Ndagijimana Théoneste asigaje kwishyura umwenda remezo ungana na 561.651 Frw ku cyiciro cya mbere, bityo itariki ya 30/05/2018, akaba yari akirimo Banki umwenda remezo uteye utya: 561.651 Frw yasigaye ku cyiciro cya mbere + 5.000.000 Frw (umwenda remezo) y’icyiciro cya kabiri = 5.561.651 Frw, ayo mafaranga akaba yaragiye yishyurwa mu buryo bukurikira: i. Ku itariki ya 31/05/2018, yishyuye 5.000 Frw, ibihano by’ubukererwe biba 7.416 Frw kuko yari yakereweho umunsi umwe, bituma mu nyungu z’ubukererwe hasigara 2.416 Frw, bivuze ko kuri iyo tariki umwenda remezo wakomeje gusigara ari 5.561.651 Frw. ii. Ku itariki ya 09/07/2018, nabwo yishyuye 5.000 Frw, ibihano by’ubukererwe biba 284.206 Frw kuko yari yakereweho iminsi 38, bituma mu nyungu z’ubukererwe hasigara 284.206 Frw – 5.000 Frw = 279.206 Frw, bivuze ko kuri iyo tariki nanone umwenda remezo wakomeje kuguma ari 5.561.651 Frw. iii. Ku itariki ya 21/12/2018, yishyuye 450.000 Frw, ibihano by’ubukererwe biba 1.216.148 Frw kuko yari yakerereweho iminsi 164, bituma mu nyungu z’ubukererwe hasigara (1.216.148 Frw – 450.000 Frw) + 279.206 Frw = 1.045.354 Frw, bivuze ko kuri iyo tariki nanone umwenda remezo wakomeje kuguma ari 5.561.651 Frw. iv. Ku itariki ya 27/12/2018, yishyuye 680.000 Frw, ibihano by’ubukererwe biba 1.082.431 Frw kuko yari yakereweho iminsi 5, bituma mu nyungu z’ubukererwe hasigara 1.082.431 Frw - 680.000 Frw = 402.431 Frw, bivuze ko kuri iyo tariki umwenda remezo nanone wakomeje ari 5.561.651 Frw. v. Ku itariki ya 16/01/2019, yishyuye 2.800.000 Frw, ibihano by’ubukererwe biba 543.326 Frw kuko yari yakereweho iminsi 19, bituma mu nyungu z’ubukererwe nta faranga na rimwe risigaramo, ahubwo harengaho 2.800.000 Frw - 543.326

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Frw = 2.256.674 Frw yakoreshejwe mu kwishyura n’inyungu zisanzwe zanganaga na 1.200.000 Frw, hasigara 1.056.674 Frw yakoreshejwe mu kwishyura umwenda remezo usigara ari 5.561.651 Frw - 1.056.674 Frw = 4.504.977 Frw. vi. Ku itariki ya 18/01/2019, yishyuye 600.000 Frw, hakurwamo ibihano by’ubukererwe bingana na 6.007 Frw kuko yari yakereweho umunsi umwe, bituma ku mwenda remezo yishyuraho 593.993 Frw hasigara 3.910.984 Frw. vii. Ku itariki ya 21/05/2019, yishyuye 1.900.000 Frw, hakurwamo ibihano by’ubukererwe bingana na 636.187 Frw kuko yari yakereweho iminsi 1221 hasigara 263.813 Frw, ayo aba ariyo yishyura ku mwenda remezo usigara ari 2.647.171 Frw. [37] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rurasanga kuva ku itariki ya 21/05/2019 kugeza ku ya 09/06/2020, ubwo UNGUKA Bank Plc yandikiraga Ndagijimana Théoneste imumenyesha umwenda yari ayifitiye, harashize iminsi 384 nta rindi faranga yongeye kwishyura, muri icyo gihe akaba yarabariwe inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 1.355.352 Frw yiyongera kuri 2.647.171 Frw y’umwenda remezo wari usigaye, bituma yose hamwe aba 4.002.523 Frw, uyu akaba ari nawo mwenda Ndagijimana Théoneste agomba kwishyura. [38] Ku bivugwa na Ndagijimana Théoneste ko UNGUKA Bank Plc yishe amasezerano y’inguzanyo bagiranye kuko bemeranyije ko atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa akimara gusinywa ku itariki ya 25/05/2017 nyamara akaba atari ko byagenze, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo nta shingiro bifite kuko imbonerahamwe y’uburyo inguzanyo izishyurwa (plan de remboursement) nayo igize amasezerano3, yerekana ko ku itariki ya 31/05/2017 aribwo hari gutangwa umwenda, kandi historiques zombi ziri muri dosiye zerekana ko ari ko byagenze. [39] Ku byo ndagijimana Théoneste avuga ko UNGUKA Bank Plc imaze kubona ko atishyuye mu gihe cy’amezi abiri yagombaga gusesa amasezerano ikagurisha ingwate nk’uko babyumvikanyeho mu ngingo ya 8 aho gukomeza kubara inyungu, ibi nabyo Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite ku mpamvu zikurikira : i. Ingingo ya 24, igika cya kabiri, y’Amabwiriza Rusange N° 12/2017 yo ku wa 23/11/2017 ku ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’imyenda no guteganya ingoboka, iteganya ko Banki ishobora gutangiza inzira (zo kwishyuza) zabamo no kugurisha ingwate igihe umwenda utangiye kutishyurwa neza (La banque peut initier les procédures de remboursement y compris la réalisation de toute garantie une fois que le crédit devient nonperformant). Ibi ariko ntibivuze ko inyungu zihagarara kubarwa. ii.Ingingo ya 7, igika cya kabiri, y’Amabwiriza amaze kuvugwa, iteganya ko inyungu zose ku myenda itishyurwa neza zabariwe mbere mu mutungo ariko ntizakirwe zigomba guhindurwa kandi zikandikwa kuri konti y’inyungu zahagaze kugeza igihe zishyuriwe n’uwasabye umwenda. iii. Ingingo ya 112 - 2° y’Itegeko Nº 47/2017 ryo ku wa 23/9/2017 rigena imitunganyirize y’imirimo y’amabanki, iteganya ko inyungu amabanki yishyuza ku 3 Reba ingingo ya 3 y’amasezerano.

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nguzanyo zitishyuwe zitagomba kurenza umwenda shingiro utarishyuwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga mu rwego rwo kutishyurwa. [40] Ibivuzwe muri ayo mabwiriza n’iryo tegeko, iyo bihurijwe hamwe byumvikanisha ko inyungu ku nguzanyo banki ziha abakiliya bazo zikomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe, icy’ingenzi akaba ari uko inyungu banki zishobora kwishyuza zitagomba kurenga umwenda shingiro wagaragajwe igihe inguzanyo yageraga mu rwego rwo kutishyurwa. Ibi akaba ari ko bimeze muri uru rubanza, kubera ko ubwo umwenda wageraga ku rwego rwo kutishyurwa wanganaga na 2.647.171 Frw, inyungu zishyuzwa zikaba ari 1.355.352 Frw. Nta ngingo y’itegeko n’imwe ivuga ko iyo umukiliya atishyuye mu gihe runaka inyungu zihagarara kubarwa hakagurishwa ingwate. [41] Ibimaze kuvugwa uru rukiko rwabisobanuye mu rubanza SIMACO Ltd yaburanye na I&M Bank Rwanda Plc rwaciwe ku itariki ya 25/02/2022, aho rwifashishije inyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko, rwasobanuye ko gusesa amasezerano y’inguzanyo bidakuraho inshingano yateganyaga ku ruhande rw’uwahawe inguzanyo4. [42] Nyuma y’ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rurasanga rero nta cyari kubuza UNGUKA Bank Plc gukomeza kubara inyungu nk‘uko amasezerano yari yagiranye na Ndagijimana Théoneste abiteganya igihe cyose yari atararangiza kwishyura umwenda ayibereyemo, zipfa gusa kubahiriza ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 112 - 2° y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru rigena imitunganyirize y’imirimo y’amabanki. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko imyiregurire ya Ndagijimana Théoneste ko mu gihe cy’amezi abiri Banki yagombaga gusesa amasezerano ikagurisha ingwate nta shingiro ifite. [43] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru no ku zindi ngingo z’amategeko nazo zagaragajwe ndetse no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cyatanzwe na UNGUKA Bank Plc isaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro kubera ko, nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Ndagijimana Théoneste akiyibereyemo umwenda ungana na 4.002.523 Frw.

Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza.  [44] Uhagarariye UNGUKA Bank Plc avuga ko kuba Ndagijimana Théoneste nawe yemera ko atarangije kwishyura umwenda, byumvikana ko imanza yareze ari iz’amaherere, ariyo mpamvu isaba 2.500.000 Frw akubiyemo 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire no kuri uru rwego. [45] Ndagijimana Théoneste n’umwunganira bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa nta shingiro zifite, kuko UNGUKA Bank Plc ariyo yishe amasezerano y’inguzanyo. Bavuga ko ahubwo ariwe ukwiriye guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000 Frw kubera kumushora mu manza z’amaherere, 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Uko Urukiko rubibona 4 Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RCOM 00008/2021/SC, § 42-46.

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[46] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka UNGUKA Bank Plc isaba igomba kuzihabwa kubera ko ariyo itsinze urubanza. Ariko kubera ko 2.500.000 Frw isaba akabije kuba menshi kandi itagaragaza ko ariyo yakoresheje koko, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko ikaba igenewe 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yatanze mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, na 600.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri izo nzego, yose hamwe akaba 1.600.000 Frw. [47] Ku birebana n’indishyi zisabwa na Ndagijimana Théoneste, Urukiko rurasanga zidakwiye gusuzumwa kubera ko atsinzwe urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [48] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCOMA 00074/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 14/12/2021 gifite ishingiro ; [49] Rwemeje ko urwo rubanza ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose ; [50] Rutegetse Ndagijimana Théoneste kwishyura UNGUKA Bank Plc 4.002.523 Frw ; [51] Rumutegetse kandi kwishyura UNGUKA Bank Plc 1.600.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza.