UNGUKA BANK Plc v NYIRABWIZA

# UNGUKA BANK Plc v NYIRABWIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-07-17 - Case/document no.: RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

## Text

## Page 1

UNGUKA BANK Plc v NYIRABWIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG – (Hitimana, J. P.) 17 Ugushyingo 2020] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Gusezererwa mu kazi ku mpamvu z'ubukungu – Kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu si umuhango ahubwo bifite icyo bigamije, aho agomba gusuzuma niba koko mu itegurwa ry’urwo rutonde harubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge Nyirabwiza arega Unguka Bank Plc ko yamwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, nyuma y’uko atakambiye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ariko ubwumvikane ntibwagerwaho. Avuga kandi ko ngo yirukanywe kubera impamvu z’ubukungu ariko ntihubahirizwa ibiteganywa n’itegeko ry’umurimo birebana no gusezerera umukozi cg abakozi kubera ikibazo cy’ubukungu, bityo akaba asaba guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye n’iryo yirukanwa yakorewe. Unguka Bank yireguye ivuga ko Urega nta ndishyi agomba guhabwa kuberako yasezerewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, dore ko yahawe ingurane ku nteguza ndetse akaba atagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uko itamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo ibyo kwirukana abakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, Uregwa akaba agomba kubitangira indishyi zitandukanye. Uregwa yajuririye uru Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa hemejwe ko yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko ariko ntirwigera rusuzuma impamvu zashingiweho mu gusesa ayo masezerano kandi n’icyashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza si igiteganywa n’amategeko rwavuze ko atakurikijwe. Uwajuriye akomeza avuga ko itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda riteganya ko urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu rumenyeshwa umugenzuzi w’umurimo ariko ntiryateganyije igihe ntarengwa bigomba gukorerwa. Bityo, akaba anenga icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rwabanje ko umucamanza yarenze ku nshingano yo guca urubanza ashingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zirebana n’ikirego yaregewe maze yishyiriraho amategeko ye arenze ku yahari. Rwemeje ko uwo muhango wo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’Umurimo utubahirijwe, ashingiye ko uwo mugenzuzi yamenyesherejwe rimwe n’umukozi iseswa ry’amasezerano kandi ntaho bitegenywa n’amategeko. Uregwa yireguye avuga ko nta kosa urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere rwakoze kuba rwaremeje ko yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rukamugenera indishyi, dore ko urutonde rw’abakozi basezerewe rutigeze rukorwa ngo runamanikwe ahagaragara kugira ngo abo bireba babimenye banabyitegure, ndetse bahabwe umwanya wo gusuzuma niba ibyo umukoresha

## Page 2

yashingiyeho abashyira ku rutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa byarakurikiranijwe nk’ uko itegeko ribiteganya. Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Uregwa yarabariwe indishyi mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, Urega avuga ko mu guca urubanza indishyi zabariwe ku mu shahara mbumbe, aho kubarirwa ku mushahara umukozi atahana, ndetse akaba abona ko indishyi zagenwe zitari zikwiriye na mba kuko nta kosa yakoze mu gusezerera Urega. Uregwa asobanura ko ingingo y’ubujurire ya Unguka bank Plc nta shingiro ifite kubera ko amafaranga yategetswe kwishyura n’urukiko atari umushahara ahubwo ari indishyi, kandi ibyo ivuga byose bivanwa ku mushahara w’umukozi amategeko abigenga yabiteganirije gusa umushahara, ikaba itagaragaza ko ayo mategeko yaba anagenga indishyi umukozi ahabwa zitegetswe n’urukiko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu si umuhango ahubwo bifite icyo bigamije, aho agomba gusuzuma niba koko mu itegurwa ry’urwo rutonde harubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Bityo, kuba Unguka Bank Plc yarakoze urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu barimo Nyirabwiza ikarumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo yubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose. Amagarama aherera k’uruhande rw’Uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 21, 27 n’iya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: Musoni wa Ruhimba na BK, RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013. Unguka Bank na Byakunda Faustin, RSOCAA 00009/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 21/12/2018. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jean Pélissier et al, Droit du travail, Droit prive, Dalloz, 2 ème édit., pge 619. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

## Page 3

[1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko yagiranye na Unguka Bank Plc amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, akaba yayikoreye mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi, ubwo kuwa 30/07/2018 yatunguwe no gushyikirizwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y' umurimo y' igihe kitazwi ngo kubera impamvu z'ubukungu, akaba yarirukanywe ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo itigeze yubahirizwa kandi atigeze ahabwa integuza ariyo mpamvu yatakambiye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ubwumvikane bunaniranye ahitamo kuregera Urukiko asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agahabwa indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [2] Unguka Bank Plc ivuga ko Nyirabwiza Justine yayikoreye guhera kuwa 31/01/2008 kugeza kuwa 30/07/2018. Kuwa 30/07/2018 amasezerano y’akazi ya Nyirabwiza Justine yaje guseswa bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu, kandi amategeko yarubahirijwe mu kumwirukana cyane cyane akaba anenga uregwa ko atamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo ibyo kwirukana abakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu. Ibyo akabivuga ariko nta kimenyetso abitangira, kandi yahawe ingurane ku nteguza, akaba yirukanywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bityo indishyi asaba nta shingiro zahabwa. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirabwiza Justine gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Rwemeje ko Nyirabwiza Justine yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; Rwategetse Unguka Bank Plc kwishyura Nyirabwiza Justine indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko zingana na 4.556.052 Frws, igihembo cy’avoka wa Nyirabwiza Justine kingana na 500.000 frws no gusubiza Nyirabwiza Justine amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000Frws) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [4] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc yajuririye uru rubanza avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko Unguka Bank Plc yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko ntirwigera rusuzuma impamvu zashingiweho mu gusesa ayo masezerano no kuba indishyi zarabariwe ku mushaharambumbe (gross salary) aho kubarirwa ku mushahara umukozi atahana (net salary). II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba isezererwa rya Nyirabwiza Justine ritarubahirije amategeko [5] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwemeje ko Unguka Bank Plc yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko ntirwigera rusuzuma impamvu zashingiweho mu gusesa ayo masezerano kandi n’icyashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rujuririrwa si igiteganywa n’amategeko rwavuze ko atakurikijwe. Mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko kuba Nyirabwiza Justine yarasezerewe ku kazi kuwa 30/07/2018, kuri uwo munsi akaba ari naho umugenzuzi yamenyeshejwe, ko bisa nk’aho ari umuhango wo kumumenyesha kandi ngo atari ko bigomba kugenda ngo kuko umugenzuzi w’umurimo yagombaga guhabwa umwanya wo kubisuzuma agatanga ibitekerezo bye. Rushingiye kuri ibyo rwemeza kandi ko bigaragara ko uwo muhango wo kumumenyesha utigeze wubahirizwa, ko bityo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda. Ingingo ya 34 imaze kuvugwa iteganya ko: uretse

## Page 4

kugena ko urutonde rw’abakozi basezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu rumenyeshwa umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko, ntiyateganyije igihe ntarengwa umukoresha agomba kuba yamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo urwo rutonde. Kuba Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yaramenyeshejwe urutonde rw’abakozi birukanywe kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, ntibigirwaho impaka kuko n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere rwemeza ko yarumenyeshejwe kuwa 30/7/2018 (Reba igika cya 10 cy’incarubanza). Icyo kandi ni cyo itegeko ritegeka uwajuriye kuba yarubahirije. Muri uru rubanza, umucamanza yarenze ku nshingano yo guca urubanza ashingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zirebana n’ikirego yaregewe maze yishyiriraho amategeko ye arenze ku yahari. Uko yarenze ku nshingano yo guca urubanza ashingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zirebana n’ikirego yaregewe ni uko yemeje ko uwo muhango wo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’Umurimo utubahirijwe, ashingiye ko umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyesherejwe rimwe n’umukozi iseswa ry’amasezerano kandi ntaho bitegenywa mu ngingo ya 34 y’itegeko ry’umurimo ryakurikizwaga. Kandi n’ubwo umucamanza yavuze ko icyemezo cye gishimangirwa n’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013 hagati ya Musoni wa Ruhimba na BK rwaciwe na byo si byo. Urukiko ruvuga ko rwashingiye ku gika cya 28 cy’urubaza rumaze kuvugwa, ariko icyashimangiwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ni uko kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo ari ngombwa. Iby’uko amenyeshwa mbere ntibigaragara muri urwo rubanza nk’uko bitaboneka mw’itegeko ry’umurimo. Byongeye, RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwifashishijwe na RSOC 00012/2019/TGI/Nyge ntizisa kuko muri RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, umukoresha atari yarakoze urutonde rw’abakozi yasezereye, ndetse n’impamvu yandikiye abakozi ko zashingiweho, bikaba byaragaraye ko zitari zo, naho muri RSOC 00012/2019/TGI/Nyge, Unguka Bank Plc yagaragaje impamvu z’ubukungu zatumye igabanya abakozi, igakora n’urutonde rw’abakozi bagombaga gusezerarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo izi manza zombi zidasa. Ikindi kandi, urubanza rujuririrwa rwemeje ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yagombaga guhabwa umwanya wo kubisuzuma agatanga ibitekerezo bye, ariko ntirwasobanuye uko ibyo byakorwa kugira ngo uwo muhango ube wubarijwe uko bisabwa. Ese igihe kitateganyijwe n’itegeko Urukiko rwemeje ko umukoresha agomba guha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, yagombaga kugitanga mu buhe buryo? Ese ni ukubimumenyesha mw’ibarwa nk’utanga integuza (mise en demeur), ku buryo icyo gihe kirenze umugenzuzi adatanze ibitekerezo bye, bibona gufatwa ko atakibitanze? Ese kuba umugenzuzi yaramenyeshejwe isezererwa ry’umukozi ku munsi yasezereweho byaba byaramuzitiye gutanga ibitekerezo bye? Dore ko nta n’ikigaragaza ko yamenye igihe abakozi basezerewe kuko atahawe ibarwa ibasezerera. None se yaba yaratanze ibitekerezo birengera uregwa muri ubu bujurire ntibibe byaritaweho kubera byaje yarirukanwe, akaba ari cyo uwajuriye yatsindiwe? Ukuri ni uko kuva umugenzuzi w’umurimo amenyeshejwe isezererwa ry’abakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukukungu kugeza ku munsi w’ica ry’urubanza rujuririrwa, umwaka n’igice urenga ari ntacyo arivuzeho. [6] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko nta kosa urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere rwakoze kuba rwaremeje ko Nyirabwiza Justine yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, ibi bikaba bishingiye ku bisabwa biteganywa n' ingingo ya 34 y' Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda igena inzira umukoresha wifuza gusezerera umukozi kubera impamvu z' ubukungu agomba kunyuramo kugira ngo icyo cyemezo kibe gikurikije amategeko. Uretse kuba Unguka Bank Plc yitsitsa kuri liste y'abakozi basezerewe yamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w' Umurimo ku munsi bahereweho amabaruwa abirukana, ariko nta n' ubwo yigeze igaragaza ko

## Page 5

yakoze urutonde rw'abo bakozi ngo rumenyeshwe abakozi mbere y' uko bahabwa amabaruwa abirukana n' ibyashingiweho nk' uko iyo ngingo ya 34 ibitondekanya, ibyo nabyo ubwabyo bikaba bigize impamvu, mu gihe bitakozwe uko bisabwa yo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. Nyirabwiza Justine rero agarutse kuri liste Unguka Bank Plc ivuga ko kuba yaramenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w' Umurimo byonyine bihagije, arasanga Unguka Bank Plc yigiza nkana kubera ko mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS - Musoni wa Rwihimba Desire vs Banque de Kigali Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwabisobanuye neza ko kuba urwo rutonde rugomba kumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w'Umurimo atari umuhango gusa ahubwo ko bifite icyo bigamije, ni ukuvuga ko agomba gusuzuma niba koko mu itegurwa ry' uwo rutonde ibisabwa mu ngingo ya 34 byarubahirijwe. Kuba itarigeze ikora urutonde rw’abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo ngo rumanikwe ahagaragara hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ikiriho ni uko uru rutonde rutigeze rukorwa ngo runamanikwe ahagaragara bityo abo bireba babimenye banabyitegure, ndetse bahabwe umwanya wo gusuzuma niba ibyo umukoresha yashingiyeho abashyira ku rutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa byarakurikiranijwe nk’ uko itegeko ribiteganya, bityo ko nta karengane kabayemo, ndetse na Nyirabwiza Justine anagaragarizwe ko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amategeko, ariwe koko wari ukwiriye gusezererwa avanywe mu bandi. Nk’ uko abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura, « Les intérêts attachés à la qualification de licenciement économique sont multiples: outres les règles applicables à tout licenciement, il est soumis à des règles propres telles que: consultation des représentants du personnel, information données à l’autorité administratives. » [Jean Pélissier et al, Droit du travail, Droit prive, Dalloz, 2 ème édit., pge 619.]. Ingingo ya 1, 21 y’ Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda (mu gihe Unguka yasesaga amasezerano y' umurimo ya Nyirabwiza Justine) ivuga ko: ako gace gasobanura ko Kwirukanwa nta mpamvu ari uguhagarika amasezerano y’akazi bikozwe n’umukoresha nta mpamvu igaragara cyangwa hadakurikijwe uburyo bwateganyijwe n’amategeko. Urukiko rwo nta kosa rwakoze, ndetse nta n' ubwo rwarengereye ngo ruhe itegeko ubusobanuro ridafite cyangwa ngo rwishyirireho ayarwo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [7] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Unguka plc avuga, ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwafashe ko kuba Nyirabwiza Justine yarasezerewe kuwa 30/07/2018, kuri uwo munsi akaba ari naho umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe, ko bisa nk’aho ari umuhango wo kumumenyesha kandi ngo atari ko bigomba kugenda ngo kuko umugenzuzi w’umurimo yagombaga guhabwa umwanya wo kubisuzuma agatanga ibitekerezo bye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukaba rwaribeshye mu gusesengura ingingo ya 34 y’itegeko ryagengaga umurimo, bifite ishingiro. Nk’uko uhagarariye Unguka Bank plc abivuga, iyi ngingo ntiyateganyije igihe ntarengwa umukoresha agomba kuba yamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo urwo rutonde, uretse ko byumvikana ko hatabanza kwirukana umukozi, ngo urutonde rumenyeshwe umugenzuzi nyuma. Ariko kuba umugenzuzi yaramenyeshejwe ku wa 30.07.2018, byumvikana ko atamenyeshejwe nyuma y’uko umukozi yirukanwa, kuko byakorewe umunsi umwe. [8] Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo Nyirabwiza Justine adakwiye no kuvuga ko yirukanywe ku wa 30/07/2018, kubera ko nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa imusezerera, yamenyeshejwe ko ahawe integuza y’ukwezi kumwe, ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga kugeza ku wa 30/08/2018, uretse ko icyo

## Page 6

gihe cy’integuza cyavunjwemo amafaranga. Bivuze ko n’ubwo Nyirabwiza Justice atakomeje kuza ku kazi, ariko amasezerano ye y’umurimo na Unguka Bank Ltd yarangiye burundu ku wa 30/8/2018, kuko iki gihe cyo kuva ku wa 30/7/2018 kugeza ku wa 30/8/2018 yagihembewe (amafaranga asimbura integuza), bityo nta n’ubwo bikwiye gufatwa ko umunsi yasezereweho ariwo umugenzuzi yahereweho ibaruwa imumenyesha urutonde rw’abasezererwa, ahubwo umugenzuzi yamenyeshejwe hasigaye ukwezi kumwe (kw’integuza) ngo amasezerano ya Nyirabwiza Justine arangire burundu. Bityo ibyo uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga, ko mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS - Musoni wa Rwihimba Desire vs Banque de Kigali, Urukiko rw' Ikirenga rwabisobanuye neza ko kuba urwo rutonde rugomba kumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w' Umurimo atari umuhango gusa ahubwo ko bifite icyo bigamije, ni ukuvuga ko agomba gusuzuma niba koko mu itegurwa ry' uwo rutonde ibisabwa mu ngingo ya 34 byarubahirijwe, Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo yari afite umwanya uhagije w’igihe cy’integuza, cyo kuba yagira icyo akora, uretse ko nta n’icyo itegeko rimusaba gukora. [9] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga, ko kuba Unguka Bank plc itarigeze ikora urutonde rw’abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo ngo rumanikwe ahagaragara hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana, ko ntabwo ari ukutubahiriza amategeko, nta shingiro bifite kuko icyo ingingo ya 34 y’itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ry’umurimo ivuga, ni uko abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. Ntaho umuhango wo kumanika urutonde rw’abagabanywa ahagaragara biteganyijwe, ku buryo byafatwa ko kuba urutonde rutaramanitswe ahagaragara, ari ukwica “procedure”. Ahubwo icyo iyo ngingo isaba ni uko urutonde rukorwa, kandi rukamenyeshwa umugenzuzi w’umurimo, kandi ibyo byarakozwe. Ahubwo icyo Nyirabwiza Justine yagombye kugaragaza ni uko wenda ibyashingiweho mu gutondeka abakozi bitakozwe uko bikwiye, bikaba aribyo byasuzumwa, kandi niba n’ikibazo afite ari uko yaba ataramenye uko urutonde rwakozwe, yashoboraga no kurwaka ku mugenzuzi w’umurimo, uretse ko Unguka Bank plc yasobanuye impamvu yashyizwe mu basezererwa. [10] Urukiko rurasanga kuba umukoresha yatondetse abakozi, urutonde akarumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, aba yubahirije ibishabwa n’igingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, niwo murongo w’uru Rukiko, nk’uko bigaragara no mu rubanza RSOCA 00252/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 19/10/2020, rwa Unguka Bank plc na Nyirabwiza Justine. [11] Kubera impamvu zimaze gusobanurwa, indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko Nyirabwiza Justine yagenewe ntazo agomba guhabwa, kubera ko atirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. 2. Gusuzuma niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarabariwe indishyi mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko [12] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko mu guca urubanza indishyi zabariwe ku mu shaharambumbe (gross salary) aho kubarirwa ku mushahara umukozi atahana (net salary)

## Page 7

uteganywa n’amategeko bigashimangirwa n’inkiko mu manza RSOCAA 0011/12/CS Banki ya Kigali yaburanaga na Ruhimbaza Modeste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/02/2013 ibika bya 23 kugezakuri 27 ndetse na RSOCAA 00009/2018/CA Unguka Bank yaburanaga na Byakunda Faustin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 21/12/2018. Muri izi manza inkiko zemeje ko umukoresha atategekwa guhemba Umukozi umushahara mbumbe kuko hari ibyo asabwa n’amategeko kubanza kuvana ku mushahara wa buri mukozi mbere yo kumuhemba. Bityo, n’ubwo Unguka ibona indishyi zagenwe zitari zikwiriye na mba kuko nta kosa yakoze mu gusezerera Nyirabwiza Justine, ariko n’izagenwe, Urukiko rukaba rutaragombaga kuzibarira kuri Rwf 506,228 wari mushahara mbumbe wa Nyirabwiza Justine ahubwo zajyaga kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga uhwanye na Rwf 318,648 nk’uko agaragara kuri “pay slip” ye. Byongeye kandi nta butabera bwatanzwe mu kugena indishyi kuko mu rubanza umucamanza yavuze ko yashingiyeho RSOCAA 0014/12/CS hatanzwe indishyi zibariwe ku mezi atandatu y’umushahara w’ukwezi, ariko mu rubanza rujuririrwa hatanzwe incuro icyenda ku mushahara w’ukwezi mu gihe amakosa Urukiko rwemeje Unguka Bank Plc mu rubanza rujuririrwa atagereranywa n’ay’umukoresha mu rubanza rwifashishijwe mu guca urubanza rujuririrwa. Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS [17], haremejwe ko impamvu ishingiye ku bushobozi nta shingiro yari ifite, iyijyanye n’impamyabushobozi nayo ntihabwe agaciro [21], ndetse n’iy’uburambe [24], ibyo bikiyongera ku kuba BK itari yarigeze ikora urutonde rw’abasezererwaga ngo irumenyeshe umugenzuzi w’umurimo. Mu rubanza rujuririrwa impamvu zashingiweho mu gusezerera Nyirabwiza ntizigeze zikemangwa. Kumenyasha umugenzuzi w’umurimo n’ubwo Urukiko rwabihinyuye ku mpamvu zarwo zidateganywa n’amategeko ariko rwemeje ko byakozwe. Kubona mu rubanza rwifashishijwe, Urukiko rwaremeje ko umukozi yirukanywe nta mpamvu, kandi nta rutonde rwakozwe ngo rumenyeshwe umugenzuzi, ariko mu rubanza rujuririrwa impamvu z’ubukungu zikaba zitagirwaho impaka, Unguka Bank Plc ikaba iryozwa gusa ko itamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo mbere yo gusezerera Nyirabwiza Justine, biratangaje kubona uburemere bw’uburyozwe bwayo buruta ubw’umukoresha wemejwe ko yirukanye umukozi nta mpamvu kandi atakoze urutonde ngo rumenyeshwe umugenzuzi w’umurimo. Ubwo nta butabera burimo ari yo mpamvu izi ndishyi zategetswe zikwiye kuvanwaho kuko nta cyo zishingiyeho, ariko n’iyo ziza kugira ishingiro, hakaba haragombaga kwitabwa ku buremere bw’ikosa ryemejwe. [13] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko uretse kuba urukiko rwaribeshye mu kubara (gukuba) indishyi Nyirabwiza Justine agomba guhabwa na Unguka Bank Plc, ingingo y' ubujurire ya Unguka bank Plc nta shingiro ifite kubera ko amafaranga yategetswe kwishyura n' urukiko atari umushahara ahubwo ari indishyi, kandi ibyo Unguka Bank Plc ivuga byose bivanwa ku mushahara w' umukozi amategeko abigenga yabiteganirije gusa umushahara, Unguka Bank Plc ikaba itagaragaza ko ayo mategeko yaba anagenga indishyi umukozi ahabwa zitegetswe n' urukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko zabazwemo, kubera ko izo ndishyi Nyirabwiza Justine yari yagenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zivanyweho. 3. Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bufite ishingiro

## Page 8

[15] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko ngo nkuko yari amaze kubisobanura haruguru, mukumubarira indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n'amategeko habayeho kwibeshya k' urukiko mu gukuba, 506,228 Frw aho kuzibarira kuri 542, 292 Frw x 9. Aha rero Nyirabwiza Justine akaba asaba urukiko gutegeka ko indishyi agomba guhabwa zigomba kubarirwa kuri 542, 292Frw x 9 yose hamwe akaba angana na 4,880,628 Frw. Kuba urukiko rwaravuze ko ku bijyanye n' integuza Nyirabwiza Justine yazihawe, nyamara bikaba bigaragara ko ibisobanuro yatanze bitasesenguwe neza. Nyirabwiza Justine yasobanuriye urukiko ko icyemezo cyo gusimbuza integuza amafaranga kidafatwa n'ugomba kuzitanga atabyumvikanyeho n' ugomba kuzihabwa, bityo kuba Unguka Bank Plc itagaragaza ko ubwo bwumvikane bwabayeho, itabiheraho ivuga ko integuza yayisimbuje amafaranga. Bityo rero, Nyirabwiza Justine akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa nta nteguza zingana na 542, 292 Frw. Kuba urukiko ntacyo rwavuze ku ndishyi Nyirabwiza Justine yasabye zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere n'amafaranga y' ikurikiranarubanza nyamara bigaragara ko azikwiye. Bityo rero akaba asaba 3, 000, 000 Frw yo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere na 1, 000, 000 Frw y' ikurikiranarubanza yasabaga ku rwego rwa mbere. Kuba urukiko rwaritiranije indshyi rwemera ko Nyirabwiza Justine afiteho uburenganzira n' igihembo cya Avocat, Nyirabwiza Justine akaba asaba urukiko gutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kwishyura Nyirabwiza Justine indishyi zingana na 6,507,504 Frw no gutanga igihembo cya Avocat cyasabwe ku rwego rwa mbere kingana na 1,500,000 Frw. [16] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko ibyo uregwa mu bujurire avuga ko yakubiwe nabi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko n'ubwo na Rwf 506,228 Urukiko rwafatiye ho bayajuririye kuko ari umushahara mbumbe (gross salary) aho kuba umushahara atahana (net salary) ihwanye na Rwf 347,079 akaba barabijuririye, atanagaragaza icyo ashingiraho avuga ko yarigukubirwa kuri Rwf 542, 292. Nk'uko byasobanuwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0010/12/CS, Mu kubara impuzandengo y'imishahara umukozi yahembwe hari ibitabarirwamo kuko bitagize umushahara. Urugerero rwatanzwe ni nk'ubwitegenyirize bw abakozi mu Rwanda hamwe ‟ nay ubwiteganyirize bw ingoboka. Ni nako byasobanuwe mu rubanza RSOCAA 0011/12/CS ‟ ‟ rwashiniweho mu ica ry'urubanza RSOCAA 00009/2018/CA aho rwavuze mu gika cya 35 ko umukoresha akaba atategekwa guhemba mukozi umushahara mbumbe kuko hari ibyo asabwa n’amategeko kubanza kuvana ku mushahara wa buri mukozi mbere yo kumuhemba ariyo mpamvu Unguka Bank Ltd igomba guha Byakunda Faustin umushahara yatahanaga buri kwezi ubariwe ku mafaranga yahembwe mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2016 (net salary/salaire net). Kuri iyi ngingo Urukiko ruzabone ko ibyo uregwa mu bujurire avuga kuri iyi ngingo nta shingiro bifite. Ku byerekeye n'indishyi zo kwirukanwa nta nteguza Urukiko rwabanje rwibukije uregwa mu bujurire ko yazihawe hamwe n'imperekeza ko bityo atakongera kuzigenerwa. Uregwa ntahaka ko izo ndishyi atazihawe, ibyo asaba rero nta shingiro byahabwa cyane ko icyemezo cyajuririwe kuri iyo ngingo ihuje icyemezo cy'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga muri RSOCAA 0010/12/CS [47], ko Ku birebana n uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko Mitimituje Gaëtan yakoreye Banki ya Kigali Ltd mu gihe ‟ cy imyaka 14, bityo Urukiko rurasanga Banki ya Kigali Ltd yari ikwiye kumuha 306.762Frw ‟ y integuza ahwanye n umushahara mpuzandengo we w ukwezi kumwe, ariko ‟ ‟ ‟ Mitimituje Gaëtan akaba atahabwa ayo mafaranga kuko yayahawe igihe yasezererwaga ku kazi nk uko bigaragazwa ‟ n inyandiko yiswe “indemnité de départ” hamwe na ‟ “historique bancaire” ya konti ye nimero 0031593-01 iri muri Banki ya Kigali Ltd, Ishami rya Cyangugu. Ibyo uregwa avuga aha na byo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa. Uregwa na none avuga ko urukiko rutasuzumye indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ari ntacyo ashingiyeho akanivuguruza yemeza ko rwazitiranyije n'igihembo cya avoka na

## Page 9

byo si ko biri. basanga ahubwo Urukiko rwaravuze ko yagenewe indishyi z'akababaro nk'inkurikizi yo kwirukanwa bunyuranyije n'amategeko, akaba atakongera kuzigenerwa ubwa kabiri icyakora rumugenera igihembo cya avoka n'ikurikiranarubanza kuko rwabonaga yarashowe mu manza z'amaherere na Unguka. Ibyo uregwa avuga kuri iki kibazo na byo si ukuri ariko ntanagaragaza ikosa ryakozwe n'uko ryari gukosorwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga, ko mukumubarira indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n'amategeko habayeho kwibeshya k'urukiko mu gukuba, 506,228 Frw aho kuzibarira kuri 542, 292 Frw x 9, aha Nyirabwiza Justine akaba asaba urukiko gutegeka ko indishyi agomba guhabwa zigomba kubarirwa kuri 542, 292Frw x 9 yose hamwe akaba angana na 4,880,628 Frw, ntacyo byamubarira kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta ndishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko agomba guhabwa. [18] Urukiko Rukuru rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga, ko kuba urukiko rwaravuze ko ku bijyanye n' integuza Nyirabwiza Justine yazihawe, nyamara bikaba bigaragara ko ibisobanuro yatanze bitasesenguwe neza, ko Nyirabwiza Justine yasobanuriye urukiko ko icyemezo cyo gusimbuza integuza amafaranga kidafatwa n'ugomba kuzitanga atabyumvikanyeho n'ugomba kuzihabwa, bityo kuba Unguka Bank Plc itagaragaza ko ubwo bwumvikane bwabayeho, itabiheraho ivuga ko integuza yayisimbuje amafaranga, bityo rero, Nyirabwiza Justine akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa nta nteguza zingana na 542, 292 Frw, nta shingiro bifite kuko atagaragaza igihombo Nyirabwiza Justine yagize. Ubundi integuza yumvikana ko ari igihe ushaka gusesa amasezerano aha uwo bayafitanye igihe cyo kugira ngo yitegure iryo seswa, ashaka undi mukozi (ku mukoresha), cyangwa ashaka akazi (ku mukozi). Niyo mpamvu ingingo ya 27 igika cya 2 y’itegeko ryagengaga umurimo (2009), itegeka umukoresha guha umukozi uri mu gihe cy’integuza, umunsi umwe mu cyumweru, nibura, wo gushaka akandi kazi. Kuba Nyirabwiza Justine yarahawe amafaranga, ubundi yagombaga guhabwa igihe cy’integuza kirangiye, akayahabwa mbere, ntacyo bihindura ku biteganywa n’itegeko ku nteguza, ahubwo niwe bifitiye inyungu. Mu gihe cy’integuza na none, Nyirabwiza Justine yagombaga gukomeza gukora, akagira uburenganzira ku munsi umwe mu cyumweru wo gushaka akazi. Kuba atarakoze, bivuze ko umukoresha yamuhaye iminsi y’ukwezi kose, kandi agahabwa umushahara we (amafaranga asimbura integuza), nabyo niwe wabigizemo inyungu. Bityo ibyo umuhagarariye avuga ko kumuha amafaranga asimbura integuza byagombaga gukorwa ari uko babyumvikanyeho nta shingiro bifite kuko ntaho bishingiye mu mategeko, kandi uwaretse uburenganzira bwe ni umukoresha, wahisemo ko Nyirabwiza Justine adakomeza gukora, mu gihe Nyirabwiza Justine we uburenganzira bwe bwose yabubonye (umushahara w’igihe cy’integuza), nta kwemera kwe kwari gukenewe n’umukoresha mu kureka uburenganzira bwe ku kazi yakombaga gukorerwa na Nyirabwiza Justine mu gihe cy’integuza. [19] Bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. 4. Gusuzuma niba Nyirabwiza Justine akwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka

## Page 10

[20] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko asaba urukiko gutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kumuha amafaranga y' ikurikiranarubanza ku rwego rw'ubujurire angana na 500,000 Frw na 1,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [21] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n'uregwa ntayo akwiye guhabwa kuko ariwe wishoye mu manza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ku rwego rw' ubujurire angana na 500,000 Frw Nyirabwiza Justine asaba, ntayo yahabwa kubera ko ubujurire bwa Unguka Bank plc bufite ishingiro, bityo nta ndishyi yacibwa. 5. Gusuzuma niba Unguka Bank Plc ikwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [23] Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko asaba guhabwa amafaranga y'ikurikirana rubanza n'igihembo cya avoka itahawe ku rwego rwa mbere ahwanye na miliyoni y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 1.000.000), hakiyongeraho ibihumbi magana atanu by'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 500.000) y'igihembo cya avoka n'ibihumbi amagana biri by'amfaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 200.000) ku rwego rw'ubujurire. [24] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko izi ndishyi nta shingiro zifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga uhagarariye Unguka Bank plc asaba, ayo itahawe ku rwego rwa mbere ahwanye na miliyoni y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 1.000.000), hakiyongeraho ibihumbi magana atanu by'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 500.000) y'igihembo cya avoka n'ibihumbi amagana biri by'amfaranga y'u Rwanda (Rwf 200.000) ku rwego rw'ubujurire, ntiyayahabwa yose kubera ko ari menshi, bityo ikaba igenewe amafaranga 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafaranga 100.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego n’urwarubanjirije. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Unguka Bank plc bufite ishingiro. [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyirabwiza Justine nta shigiro bufite. [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose. [29] Rwemeje ko amafaranga y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, zingana n’amafaranga 4.556.052, n’amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Unguka Bank plc yari yategetswe guha Nyirabwiza Justine ntayo igomba kumuha.

## Page 11

[30] Rutegetse ahubwo Nyirabwiza Justine guha Unguka Bank plc amafaranga 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafaranga 100.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza, akayisubiza n’amafaranga 40.000 yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama.