UNGUKA BANK Plc vs UTUJE

# UNGUKA BANK Plc vs UTUJE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-08-01 - Case/document no.: RSOCA 00062/2021/HC/KIG CMB RSOCA 00083/2021/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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UNGUKA BANK Plc vs UTUJE NYIRAGASHAPURE [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RSOCA 00062/2021/HC/KIG na CMB RSOCA 00083/2021/HC/KIG – (Karangwa, J. P.) 24 Kamena 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Kuba umukoresha yagenera umukozi amafaranga angana n’umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe, ntibisobanuye ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Utuje arega Unguka Bank Plc ko yamwirukanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ntiyahabwa integuza ndetse yirukanwa akiri mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, ibi byose akaba abisabira indishyi. Unguka Bank Plc ivuga ko Utuje atigeze asezererwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuberako yasezerewe kimwe nk’abandi bakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, ahabwa ibyo agenerwa n’amategeko byose ndetse bikaba byari byaramenyeshejwe abakozi bose ndetse n’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Utuje gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe maze rutegeka ko Unguka Bank Plc imuha indishyi zitandukanye kuko yirukanwe kubera impamvu zumvikana ariko bikorwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Ibi byatumye Unguka Bank Plc ijuririra uru Rukiko Rukuru ndetse na Utuje nawe atanga ubujurire bwe maze ibirego byombi birahuzwa biburanishirizwa hamwe. Uwajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rwemeza ko kudaha umukozi integuza mu minsi bitubahirije amategeko ngo kabone n'ubwo umukoresha yaba yamuhaye amafaranga ahwanye n'umushahara yarikumuhemba mu gihe cy'integuza. Akomeza avuga ko iki kibazo cyasesenguwe nabi akaba asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko nta mategeko yirengagijwe atanga umushahara uregwa yagombaga guhabwa mu gihe cy'integuza. Uregwa muri uru rubanza ariwe Utuje avuga ko integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, ntabwo ari amafaranga atangwa. Avuga kandi ko kuba atarahawe integuza y'iminsi n’'uko amategeko abivuga ariko agahabwa amafaranga yiswe ko asimbura integuza binyuranyije n’amategeko. asoza avuga ko umukoresha agomba kubyumvikana n’umukozi uburyo integuza yatangwa cyangwa akamuha “préavis” mu nyandiko. Ku kibazo cyatanzwe n’Uregwa cy’uko yirukanwe akiri mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, Uwajuriye ariwe mukoresha we avuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rutagombaga kwemeza ko yamusezereye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, nyamara yaramukoreye ibiteganywa n’amategeko byose k’umukozi wasezerewe muri ubwo buryo. Bityo, akaba asaba uru Rukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko nta kosa yakoze ndetse no kwemeza ko Uregwa atirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Uregwa avuga ko hadakwiye kwirengagizwa ko kwirukanwa mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara ari kimwe muri byinshi bituma avuga ko kwirukanwa kwe kunyuranyije n'amategeko, ari nabyo yari

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yagaragarije urukiko rubanza n’ubwo rwafashemo kimwe gusa, ari nabyo agarukaho ashimangira ko icyo cyemezo mu buryo bushoboka bwose cyari kinyuranyije n’amategeko. Mu bujurire bw’Uregwa yatanze ikirego cy’uko uwari umukoresha we yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamugeneye indishyi nke ukurikije igihe yari amaze mu kazi, amakosa yakozwe ayo masezerano aseswa, ingaruka icyo cyemezo cyamugizeho n' uburyo cyafashwemo. Bityo, akaba asaba kugenerwa indishyi hitawe ku ngaruka zikomeye icyo cyemezo cyo kumwirukana akiri ku kiriri cyamuteje. Mu kwiregura kwayo, Unguka Bank Plc ivuga ko indishyi Utuje yagenewe zabazwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko, bityo indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa zikaba zigomba gukurwaho. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba umukoresha yagenera umukozi amafaranga angana n’umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe, ntibisobanuye ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Bityo, nta kwirukana kunyuranyije n’amategeko kwabayeho kuko Utuje Nyiramashapure yahembwe na Unguka Bank Plc umushahara we wongeyeho n’andi mashimwe kuko nta nteguza yari yahawe w’ukwezi kw’integuza atahawe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amagarama aherera k’Uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 132 n’iya 156. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 29, 30, 31, 32 n’iya 34. Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64 n’iya 80. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC, Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 31/01/2020 RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG, Unguka Bank Plc na Nyirabwiza Justine, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 17/11/2020. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jean Pélissier & al, Droit du travail, Droit privé, Dalloz, 22 ème édit., pge 619; Droit du travail, Dalloz, 2016, 30ème éd., pge 615. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Utuje Nyiragashapule Alice arega Unguka Bank Plc mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo, avuga ko kuwa 30/7/2018, Unguka Bank Plc yamushyikirije ibaruwa imusezerera mu kazi ku mpamvu z’ubukungu. Akomeza avuga ko yakoreye iyi banki mu myaka umunani (8), kuko yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2011 aza kwirukanwa bidakurikije amategeko adahawe integuza ari no mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, impamvu y’ubukungu yashingiweho ikaba itaragaragajwe, akaba abisabira indishyi zikubiye mu mwanzuro agahabwa n’indishyi zijyanye n’uru rubanza. [2] Unguka Bank Plc yireguye ivuga ko Utuje Nyiragashapule Alice yari umukozi wayo kugeza igihe yasezerewe hamwe n’abandi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu zamenyeshejwe abakozi bose mbere yo kugira abo basezerera, zinamenyeshwa umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ahabwa ibyo amategeko amugenera byose mu gihe yasezererwaga, akaba atarasezerewe binyuranyije n’amategeko nk’uko abivuga, ikirego cye kikaba nta shingiro gifite, agategekwa guha banki indishyi zijyanye n’uru rubanza. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza kwakira ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Utuje Nyiragashapule Alice rugisuzumye rusanga gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Rwemeje ko yasezerewe ku kazi kubera impamvu zumvikana ariko bikorwa mu buryo byuranyije n’amategeko. Rutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kumuha indishyi z‘akababaro zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atatu na makumyabiri n’icyenda n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane (1.329.400Frw). Rwategetse Unguka Bank Plc kumuha ikurikirana rubanza ringana n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) n’igihembo cy’avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw). Rutegeka ko amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega aguma mu Isanduku ya Leta, Unguka Bank Plc ikayamusubiza mu minsi umunani uru rubanza rubaye itegeko. [4] Unguka Bank Plc ntiyishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye irajurira ikirego gihabwa RSOCA 00062/2021/HC/KIG. [5] Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule nawe ntiyishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye arajurira, ikirego gihabwa CMB RSOCA 00083/2021/HC/KIG. [6] Izi manza zarahujwe ziburanishirizwa hamwe. [7] Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora na Me Nkeza Clement bahagarariye Unguka Bank LTD mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo bavuga ko yajurijwe nuko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rwemeza ko kudaha umukozi integuza mu minsi, bitubahirije amategeko ngo kabone n'ubwo umukoresha yaba yamuhaye amafaranga ahwanye n'umushahara yarikumuhemba mu gihe cy'integuza. Rwemeje ko ibyo bivutsa umukozi umwanya wo gushaka akazi mu gihe cy'integuza nta cyo rushingiyeho, ko itegeko riteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. Ikindi ngo nuko urukiko rwemeje ko bibujijwe ko umukozi asezererwa ari mu kiruhuko, Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice ngo akaba yarasezerewe mu nzira zinyuranyije n’amategeko,

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nyamara ngo nubwo urukiko rwabivuze gutyo, nta tegeko rwashingiyeho. Amategeko ngo ntabuzanya iseswa ry'amasezerano y'akazi mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko, ahubwo ateganya igikorwa mu gihe habayeho gusesa amasezerano muri icyo gihe. [8] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa Uhagarariye Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule avuga ko integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, bityo ko kuba uwo ahagarariye atarahawe integuza y'iminsi, ariko agahabwa amafaranga yiswe ko asimbura integuza binyuranyije n'amategeko kubera ko integuza itangwa mu minsi kandi bigenwa n'itegeko, kuba Unguka Bank Plc yarabikoze ityo, nyamara Umushingamategeko yarabigenye ukundi ngo basanga harabayeho kwica itegeko nkana no kwiha ububasha butari ubwayo bwo kwishyiriraho amategeko, bityo ko ibyakozwe binyuranyije n’amategeko. Na none kandi kuba urukiko rwaragaragaje ko Unguka Bank Plc yakoze amakosa yo kwirukana Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, kandi nayo ikaba ibyemera, ikabishimangiza ingingo ya 31 y’itegeko ry’umurimo ryo muri 2009 kandi ikaba yemera ko kuba iryo kosa ryarabayeho yemera kurihanirwa, ngo byumvikana ko urukiko ntakosa rwakoze, mu gihe na Unguka Bank Plc yiyemerera ko uburyo amasezerano y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ya Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice yasheshwemo byakozwe hadakurikijwe ibiteganywa n'amategeko. [9] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa uhagarariye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice avuga ko uwo ahagarariye nawe yajuriye kubera ko Unguka Bank Plc yasheshe amasezerano y'umurimo bagiranye mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, nyamara rugiye kumugenera indishyi rumugenera indishyi nke ukurikije igihe yari amaze mu kazi, amakosa yakozwe ayo masezerano aseswa, ingaruka icyo cyemezo cyamugizeho n'uburyo cyafashwemo. [10] Me Nkeza Clement Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko asanga indishyi zarabazwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko. Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora avuga ko indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zakurwaho. Muri uru rubanza urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: - Kumenya niba kudaha umukozi integuza mu gihe ariko yahawe amafaranga ahwanye n'iminsi y'integuza binyuranyije n’amategeko; - Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarageneye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice indishyi zidahagije. - Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarageneye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice indishyi zidahagije. - Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi impande zombi zifite ishingiro. II.ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Ibyerekeranye no kumenya niba kudaha umukozi integuza mu gihe ariko yahawe amafaranga ahwanye n'iminsi y'integuza binyuranyije n’amategeko [11] Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora na Me Nkeza Clement bahagarariye Unguka Bank LTD mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo bavuga ko yajurijwe nuko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rwemeza ko kudaha umukozi integuza mu minsi, bitubahirije amategeko ngo kabone n'ubwo

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umukoresha yaba yamuhaye amafaranga ahwanye n'umushahara yarikumuhemba mu gihe cy'integuza. Rwemeje ko ibyo bivutsa umukozi umwanya wo gushaka akazi mu gihe cy'integuza nta cyo rushingiyeho, ko itegeko riteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. Ayo mafaranga atangwa n'usheshe amasezerano y'umurimo nta nteguza cyangwa igihe cy'integuza kitubahirijwe cyose, mu rurimi rw'igifaransa rwakoreshejwe n'itegeko ni “Indemnite Compensatoire de Preavis”. Ibyo ubwabyo ngo bihita byumvikanisha ko Umushingamategeko yatanze “option” yo gutanga integuza mu gihe cyangwa mu mafaranga. [12] Bavuga ko Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwabisobanuye mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC mu gika cyarwo cya mirongo itatu na gatatu [33], haburana Mugeni Jeannette na KCB Ltd, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko iyo igihe cy'integuza kitatanzwe kigasimbuzwa umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagomba guhembwa mu gihe cy’integuza nta tegeko riba ritubahirijwe. [13] Bavuga ko kuvuga ko kudaha umukozi igihe cy'integuza bimuza kubona umwanya wo gushaka akazi yari kuba afite mu gihe cy'integuza ntawamenya icyo urukiko rwaciriye urubanza rujuririrwa rwabishingiyeho, kuko mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG mu gika cya cumi n’umunani [18]; urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gihe cy’integuza, umukozi aba agomba gukomeza gukora, akagira uburenganzira ku munsi umwe mu cyumweru wo gushaka akazi. Kuba atarakoze, bivuze ko umukoresha yamuhaye iminsi y’ukwezi kose, kandi agahabwa umushahara we (amafaranga asimbura integuza), nabyo niwe wabigizemo inyungu. Ngo bakaba basaba urukiko rwajuririwe kuzabona ko iki kibazo cyasesenguwe nabi rukemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Unguka Bank Plc bufite ishingiro, ko nta mategeko Unguka Bank Plc yirengangije itanga umushahara uregwa yagombaga guhabwa mu gihe cy'integuza, cyane ko kuri iki kibazo haciwe imanza nyinshi, ariko ko nta rubanza na rumwe uru rukiko rwemeje ko Unguka Bank Plc yirukanye abakozi bayo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [14] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa uhagarariye Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule avuga ko integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa. Ibyo ngo abishingira ku ngingo ya 29 y'Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ivuga ko amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka. Naho ingingo ya 30 nayo y’iri tegeko ivuga ko mu gihe cy’integuza, umukoresha n'umukozi bagomba kubahiriza ibyo bumvikanyeho byose mu gihe bakoranaga amasezerano y'akazi. Iyo habaye ubwumvikane bwa bombi, integuza ntiba ngombwa, izi ngingo zombi ziruzuzanya kandi zisobanura mu buryo butomoye icyo integuza aricyo, aho mu ngingo ya 29 isobanura ko integuza itangwa mu gihe, naho ingingo ya 30 yo yerekana uburyo itangwamo, ko imenyeshwa mu nyandiko, ko iyo iba itangwa mu mafaranga umushingamategeko atari ananiwe kubishyira mu itegeko. [15] Avuga ko kuba kandi integuza itangwa mu nyandiko atari amafaranga, bishimangirwa n'abahanga mu mategeko batandukanye, barimo Nsengiyumva Metusera, aho avuga ko “Le préavis se définit comme une notification du délai, c-a- d, un avertissement par lequel l'auteur (l'employeur

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ou le travailleur) informe ou préavise la victime de la rupture du moment auquel le contrat prendra fin”. Ko agenekereje integuza ari ukumenyesha uruhande rurebwa n'iseswa ry'amasezerano igihe ayo masezezerano azahagararira. [16] Avuga ko kuri iki kibazo Unguka Bank Plc isaba urukiko gusubiza, uwo ahagarariye ahamya ko kuba atarahawe integuza y'iminsi nk'uko amategeko abivuga ariko agahabwa amafaranga yiswe ko asimbura integuza binyuranyije n'amategeko kubera ko integuza itangwa mu minsi kandi bigenwa n'itegeko, kuba Unguka Bank Plc yarabikoze ityo, nyamara Umushingamategeko yarabigenye ukundi ngo ni ukwica itegeko nkana no kwiha ububasha butari ubwayo bwo kwishyiriraho amategeko, bityo ko ibyakozwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko integuza yari iteganyijwe mu masezerano y'umurimo hagati y’uwo aburanira na Unguka Bank Plc. [17] Avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko ari itegeko kuri buri ruhande mu bayagiranye kandi ko buri ruhande rugomba kuyubahiriza nta buryarya. Ingingo ya 80 nayo y’iri tegeko igika cya 2 ivuga ko igihe cyo gukora ibisabwa mu masezerano kigeze, kutabikora bifatwa nko kwica amasezerano. Ibi kandi birashimangirwa n'uwitwa Celine Lavachy na bagenzi we bo bavuga ko: “La durée du préavis fixée par le contrat de travail constitue un élément de contrat de ce contrat et ne peut donc être modifié unilatéralement par l'employeur.” Ko bagenekereje bavuga ko igihe cy'integuza kiri mu masezerano y'umurimo bigize ingingo y'ayo masezerano, bityo ko idashobora guhindurwa n'umukoresha wenyine, ko ibyo Unguka Bank Plc yakoze yiha ububasha bwo guhindura ingingo y'integuza iri mu masezerano ikihitiramo uburyo iyiha Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice binyuranyije n’amategeko. Naho kuvuga ko umukoresha ahabwa “option” yo gutanga integuza mu gihe cyangwa akaba yayisimbuza amafaranga, bitamuha ububasha bwo guhitiramo umukozi uko bigenda, ngo ibyo bishoboka mu gihe babyumvikanyeho, ari nacyo itegeko rivuga kandi iyo ngingo ubwayo isobanutse. [18] Avuga ko kuba umukoresha yakwiha ububasha burenze ubwo agenerwa n'amategeko, aribyo uwitwa Jean Pelisier na bagenzi be bagaragaza nk' icyuho umukoresha ashobora kunyuramo akarenganya umukozi, ari nako byagenze kuri Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice. Barabivuga muri aya magambo: “Le droit de l'employeur de dispenser le salarié de fournir sa prestation de travail”. Jean Pélissier na bagenzi be cyangwa Gilles Auzero & Emmanuel Dockès, bose bahuriza kuri “constat” ikurikira: “Le droit de l’employeur de dispenser le salarié de fournir sa prestation de travail pendant le préavis est, comme tout droit, susceptible d’abus. Il y a abus lorsque la décision de l’employeur s’accompagne d’une brutalité et de méfiance, qui fait supposer aux tiers que le salarié a commis une faute grave. Dans ce cas, l’employeur devra non seulement payer une indemnité compensatrice de préavis, mais également des dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi par le salarié.” Ibi byose birashimangira ko ibyo Unguka Bank Plc yakoze binyuranyije n’amategeko. [19] Avuga ko nubwo abo baburana bagaragaje imanza zitandukanye, ngo ariko bo ntibari mu murongo wazo, bo ku ruhande rwabo umukoresha agomba kubyumvikana n’umukozi uburyo integuza yatangwa cyangwa akamuha “préavis” mu nyandiko. Ngo akaba asanga harirengagijwe ko umukozi atungujwe icyemezo kimuhagarika agira “choc” ikabije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[20] Ingingo ya 29 y’itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda ubwo amasezerano yaseswaga ryavugaga ko Amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka. [21] Ingingo ya 30 y’iri tegeko yavuga ko integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa. Mu gihe cy’integuza, umukoresha n'umukozi bagomba kubahiriza ibyo bumvikanyeho byose mu gihe bakoranaga amasezerano y'akazi. Iyo habaye ubwumvikane bwa bombi, integuza ntiba ngombwa. [22] Na none ingingo ya 32 nayo y’iri tegeko iteganya ko Iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. [23] Urukiko rusanga ababuranira Unguka Bank LTD bavuga ko uwo baburanira anenga urubanza ko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko kudaha umukozi integuza mu minsi, bitubahirije amategeko kabone n'ubwo umukoresha yaba yamuhaye amafaranga ahwanye n'umushahara yarikumuhemba mu gihe cy'integuza, ko ibyo bivutsa umukozi umwanya wo gushaka akazi mu gihe cy'integuza, ngo bakaba basanga urukiko rwarabyemeje gutyo nta cyo rushingiyeho, kuko itegeko riteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe; [24] Rusanga ku ruhande rwa Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule n’umuhagarariye muri uru rubanza bavuga ko integuza itangwa mu gihe, kandi ko igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, ibyo babishingira ku ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda n’iya 30 nayo y’iri tegeko ko umukoresha n'umukozi bagomba kubahiriza ibyo bumvikanyeho byose mu gihe bakoranaga amasezerano y'akazi, ko iyo integuza iba itangwa mu mafaranga umushingamategeko atari ananiwe kubishyira mu itegeko. [25] Urukiko rusanga rushingiye ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 32 yavuzwe haruguru, igihe umukoresha adatanze integuza mu buryo buhuye n’ubuvugwa mu ngingo ya 30 nayo yavuzwe ngo integuza imenyeshwe mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, ariko usheshe amasezerano agaha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe, icyo gihe ntawavuga ko amategeko atubahirijwe. [26] Rusanga uyu atari umwihariko w’uru rubanza kuko n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/CS rwaciwe kuwa 31/01/2020 haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Ltd rwagaragaje ko iyo nta nteguza yatanzwe hatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza. Rwabonye ko ibi atari umwihariko w’itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, hakurikijwe ibivugwa

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n’abahanga mu mategeko Gaudu na Raymond Vatinet, kimwe na Gilles Auzero na Emmmanuel Dockes. [27] Urukiko rusanga kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwaravuze ko uregwa yari afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa integuza, ariko kuko uhagarariye umukoresha agaragaza ko integuza yayihawe mu mafaranga, akaba nta zindi ndishyi zijyana nayo agomba guhabwa kuko kuba nta gihe yahawe cy’integuza yabiherewe indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza. Na none kandi rusanga ibi bitaramwambuye uburenganzira ku gihe cyo gushaka akandi kazi, kuko nkuko uru rukiko rwabisobanuye mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 17/11/2020 haburana Unguka Bank Plc na Nyirabwiza Justine nawe wasesezerewe mu buryo bumwe na Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule rwabonye ko Nyirabwiza Justine adakwiye no kuvuga ko yirukanywe ku wa 30/07/2018, kubera ko nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa imusezerera, yamenyeshejwe ko ahawe integuza y’ukwezi kumwe, ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga kugeza ku wa 30/08/2018, uretse ko icyo gihe cy’integuza cyavunjwemo amafaranga. Bivuze ko n’ubwo Nyirabwiza Justice atakomeje kuza ku kazi, ariko amasezerano ye y’umurimo na Unguka Bank Ltd yarangiye burundu ku wa 30/8/2018, kuko iki gihe cyo kuva ku wa 30/7/2018 kugeza ku wa 30/8/2018 yagihembewe (amafaranga asimbura integuza), bityo nta n’ubwo bikwiye gufatwa ko umunsi yasezereweho ariwo umugenzuzi yahereweho ibaruwa imumenyesha urutonde rw’abasezererwa, ahubwo umugenzuzi yamenyeshejwe hasigaye ukwezi kumwe (kw’integuza) ngo amasezerano ya Nyirabwiza Justine arangire burundu. [28] Rusanga niba umukozi yaragombaga gukora mu gihe cy’integuza, ariko akaba atarajyaga mu kazi, yarafite iminsi yose y’ukwezi yo gushaka akazi, bityo kuba yarahawe integuza mu mafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kandi uko kwezi kose ataragukoze, nta gihombo byamuteje kandi ntibyamubujije gushaka akazi kuko yarafite ukwezi kw’integuza. [29] Uru rukiko rusanga ruhereye ku byasobanuwe kuba umukoresha yarageneye umukozi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe, ntibisobanuye ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko cyane ko Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule nawe yemera ko ayo mafaranga yayahawe. 2. Ibyerekeranye no kumenya niba umukozi uri mukiruhuko adashobora kwirukanwa [30] Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora na Me Nkeza Clement bahagarariye Unguka Bank LTD bavuga ko yajurijwe nuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa mu gika cya 7, urukiko rwemeje ko bibujijwe ko umukozi asezererwa ari mu kiruhuko, Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule ngo akaba yarasezerewe mu nzira zinyuranyije n’amategeko, nyamara ngo nubwo urukiko rwabivuze gutyo, nta tegeko rwashingiyeho kandi ibyo ubwabyo binyuranyije n'ingingo ya 132 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ica ry’urubanza rigaragaza ingingo zishingiye ku byabaye n’amategeko ryashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo. Amategeko ngo ntabuzanya iseswa ry'amasezerano y'akazi mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko, ahubwo ateganya igikorwa mu gihe habayeho gusesa amasezerano muri icyo gihe. [31] Bavuga ko ingingo ya 31 y'Itegeko N°13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryashingiweho Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice yirukanwa ryateganyaga ko Iyo amasezerano

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y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi asheshwe n'umukoresha mu minsi y'ikiruhuko gihemberwa cyangwa cy’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’akazi, amafaranga y’igihe cy’integuza ahabwa uwo mukozi akubwa inshuro ebyiri (2). [32] Bavuga ko mu gika cya 7 cy'incarubanza, Urukiko rwagarutse ku miburanire ya Unguka Bank Plc ko mu kugenera Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule ibyo yemererwa n'amategeko yamuhaye incuro ebyiri z’umushahara we mu cyimbo cy'igihe yari kumuhaho. Kuba ingingo ya 31 y’Itegeko ry'umurimo ryariho ari cyo yategekaga Unguka kandi ikemeza ko ariko yabikoze ndetse n'uwo baburana akaba atarigeze abihakana ntacyo urukiko rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko kumwirukana mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko binyuranyije n'amategeko kandi Unguka Bank yaramukoreye ibyo isabwa ku nteguza igenerwa umuntu wirukanywe ari mu kiruhuko. Uru Rukiko ruzabone ko kwirukana umukozi mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko bitabujijwe kuko biteganywa n'amategeko, ahubwo ko amategeko aha umukozi wirukanwe ari mu kiruhuko umwihariko wo guhabwa integuza zikubye kabiri ugereranyije n'iz'uwirukanwe ari mu kazi, ngo bakaba basaba urukiko kuzabona ko ibyo Unguka Bank Plc yabyubahirije, ikaba nta kosa yakoze yirukana uregwa mu bujurire kuko yamukoreye ibyo itegekwa n'amategeko byose. [33] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa Uhagarariye Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule avuga ko ingingo ya 1 agace ka 21 isobanura ko kwirukanwa nta mpamvu ko ari uguhagarika amasezerano y’akazi bikozwe n’umukoresha nta mpamvu igaragara cyangwa hadakurikijwe uburyo bwateganyijwe n’amategeko. Kuba rero urukiko rwaragaragaje ko Unguka Bank Plc yakoze amakosa yo kwirukana Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara, ari nabyo Unguka Bank Plc yemera kandi ikabishimangiza ingingo ya 31 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo ryo muri 2009 kandi ikaba yemera ko kuba iryo kosa ryarabayeho yemera kurihanirwa, ngo byumvikana ko urukiko ntakosa rwakoze, mu gihe na Unguka Bank Plc yiyemerera ko uburyo amasezerano y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ya Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice yasheshwemo byakozwe hadakurikijwe uburyo buteganywa n'amategeko. [34] Akomeza avuga ko hadakwiye kwirengagizwa ko kwirukanwa mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara kwa Alice Utuje Nyiragashapure ari kimwe muri byinshi bituma bavuga ko kwirukanwa kwe kunyuranyije n'amategeko, ari nabyo yari yagaragarije urukiko n'ubwo rwafashemo kimwe gusa, ari nabyo agarukaho ashimangira ko icyo cyemezo mu buryo bushoboka bwose cyari kinyuranyije n'amategeko, bityo kuba Unguka Bank Plc igaruka gusa ku kwirukanwa mu kiruhuko bikaba ari ukwirengagiza akarengane uwo aburanira yagiriwe muri icyo cyemezo, urwo rujijo ishaka guteza rukavanwaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Ingingo ya 31 y’itegeko ry’umurimo ryakurikizwaga ubwo amasezerano yaseswaga iteganya ko Iyo amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi asheshwe n'umukoresha mu minsi y'ikiruhuko gihemberwa cyangwa cy’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’akazi, amafaranga y’igihe cy’integuza ahabwa uwo mukozi akubwa inshuro ebyiri (2). [36] Urukiko rusanga ruhereye ku mpamvu Unguka BANK Plc yashingiyeko isesa amasezerano yari ifitanye na Alice Utuje Nyiragashapure zishingiye ku bukungu, kuba Alice Utuje

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Nyiragashapule yarashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa rwamenyeshejwe umugenzuzi w’umurimo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda,1 kuba umukoresha yarabimuhereye amafaranga y’igihe cy’integuza inshuro ebyiri (2), ibi urukiko ntirwari kubishingiraho ruvuga ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, cyane ko Alice Utuje Nyiragashapule nawe yemera ko ayo mafaranga yayahawe kandi hakaba hari impamvu zishingiye ku bukungu zatumye amasezerano aseswa itegeko riteganya ibishingirwaho mu guhitamo abakozi basezererwa. 3. Ibyerekeranye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwarageneye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice indishyi zidahagije [37] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa uhagarariye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko Unguka Bank Plc yasheshe amasezerano y'umurimo bagiranye mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, nyamara rugiye kumugenera indishyi rukamugenera indishyi nke ukurikije igihe yari amaze mu kazi, amakosa yakozwe ayo masezerano aseswa, ingaruka icyo cyemezo cyamugizeho n' uburyo cyafashwemo. Akomeza avuga ko uwo ahagarariye yirukanywe amaze imyaka igera muri 7 ari umukozi wa Unguka Bank Plc, yirukanwa ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara n'ingaruka ibyo byose byamugizeho, bityo ko asaba urukiko gutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kumuha indishyi zibaze muri ubu buryo: - Indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko 332.350 Frw x 6mois= 1,994,100Frw; - Indishyi zo kwirukanwa nta nteguza kandi ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara: 332, 350Frw x 2= 664, 700Frw; - Indishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku guhutazwa mu iyirukanwa rye 3,000,000Frw kuri iyi ngingo, Abahanga mu mategeko, yaba Jean Pélissier na bagenzi be cyangwa Gilles Auzero & Emmanuel Dockès, bose bahuriza kuri “constat” ikurikira: “Le droit de l’employeur de dispenser le salarié de fournir sa prestation de travail pendant le préavis est, comme tout droit, susceptible d’abus. Il y a abus lorsque la décision de l’employeur s’accompagne d’une brutalité et de méfiance, qui fait supposer aux tiers que le salarié a commis une faute grave. Dans ce cas, l’employeur devra non seulement payer une indemnité compensatrice de préavis, mais également des dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi par le salarié.” [Jean Pélissier & al, Droit du travail, Droit privé, Dalloz, 22 ème édit., pge 619; Droit du travail, Dalloz, 2016, 30ème éd., pge 615]. Nk’ uko rero Jean Pélissier abivuga, “brutalité na mefiance vis-à-vis” ya Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice byakoranywe byatumye, uretse na Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice ubwe, n’undi muntu wese ubyumvise ahita atekereza ko yakoze ikosa rikomeye cyane ku buryo adakwiriye guhabwa akanya na gato ko kuba muri Unguka Bank Plc. Ibyo rero byamugizeho ingaruka ndetse biranamukomeretsa ugereranije urwego yari agezeho, uburambe mu kazi ndetse n’icyizere 1 Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko yateganyaga ko Umukoresha ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo bikorwa kubera ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshwaga hagamijwe kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho gukora neza. Abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko.

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abantu bari bamufitiye, akirukanwa mu buryo bukojeje isoni ako kageni, bityo bikaba bimuhesha uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro, ndetse ibyo byose bikanakorwa hirengagijwe ko yari akiri no ku kiriri, ngo birumvikana ko izo ngaruka zitanamugezeho wenyine ahubwo zageze no ku mwana yari amaze kubyara ndetse no ku bandi bagize umuryango we wa hafi. [38] Avuga ko urutonde rwashyikirijwe umugenzuzi w’umurimo uwo aburanira yarumenye kuwa 3/07/2018 umunsi yirukanyweho. Ikindi ngo nuko impamvu z’ubukungu zitabayeho kuko BNR yandikiwe kuwa 30/08/2018 Alice yarirukanywe mu kwezi kwa 07, kandi Unguka Bank Plc ngo ntiyahagaritse imirimo. [39] Me Nkeza Clement Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko asanga indishyi zarabazwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko. Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora avuga ko indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zakurwaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Urukiko rusanga Alice Utuje Nyiragashapure yarajuriye akaba anenga urubanza ko urukiko rwemeje ko Unguka Bank Plc yasheshe amasezerano y'umurimo bagiranye mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, nyamara rugiye kumugenera indishyi rumugenera nke ukurikije igihe yari amaze mu kazi, amakosa yakozwe ayo masezerano aseswa, ingaruka icyo cyemezo cyamugizeho n'uburyo cyafashwemo; uwo ahagarariye yirukanywe amaze imyaka igera muri 7 ari umukozi wa Unguka Bank Plc, yirukanwa ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara n'ingaruka ibyo byose byamugizeho, bityo ko asaba urukiko gutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kumuha indishyi. [41] Rusanga mu rubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwaremeje ko Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice yasezerewe ku kazi kubera impamvu zumvikana ariko ko byakozwe mu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukaba rwarasobanuye ko rusanga agomba kugenerwa indishyi hitaweho ko igihe cy’integuza giteganywa n’amategeko kitubahirijwe no kuba yarasezerewe ari mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara. [42] Rusanga ariko nkuko urukiko rwabisobanuye Iyo nta nteguzwa yatanzwe, hagatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushaha n’andi mashimwe umukozi agomba kubona mu gihe cy’integuza biteganywa n’amategeko. Na none kandi Iyo amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi asheshwe n'umukoresha mu minsi y'ikiruhuko gihemberwa cyangwa cy’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’akazi, amafaranga y’igihe cy’integuza ahabwa uwo mukozi akubwa inshuro ebyiri (2); nabyo bikurikije amategeko; bityo amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice nta n’indishyi yagombaga guhabwa, izo yahawe nazo zikaba zigomba kuvanwaho. [43] Rusanga na none kubijyanye n’imiburanire ya Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice aho umuburanira avuga ko yagaragarije urukiko ko impamvu Unguka Bank Plc yashingiyeho isesa amasezerano zijyanye n'ubukungu, nyamara ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo ryo muri 2009 igena uburyo iryosesa ry'amasezerano rikorwa n'ibyo umukoresha agomba kubahiriza, bitakorwa muri ubwo buryo cyangwa bitakurikizwa uko amategeko abiteganya bikaba bigize ikosa ryo kwirukana

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umukozi mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko; ngo ni muri urwo rwego atemeranya na Unguka Bank Plc ndetse naho urukiko ruvuga ko umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo gusesa amasezerano igihe icyo aricyo cyose abishakiye, ibyo bikaba byakumvikana ko Unguka Bank Plc yaba ifite ubwo bubasha hirengagijwe ko ububasha ifite bugendana n’inshingano zo gusezerera abakozi bikozwe mu mucyo no mu buryo buteganywa n'amategeko. Naho avuga ko urutonde rwashyikirijwe umugenzuzi w’umurimo uwo aburanira yarumenye kuwa 3/07/2018 umunsi yirukanyweho. Ikindi ngo nuko impamvu z’ubukungu zitabayeho kuko BNR yandikiwe kuwa 30/08/2018 Alice yarirukanywe mu kwezi kwa 07, kandi Unguka Bank Plc ngo ntiyahagaritse imirimo. [44] Rusanga iyi miburanire ariko ijyanye n’ishyirwamubikorwa ry’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ryagengaga umurimo Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice atarayijuririye nyamara ingingo 156 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa ubujurire mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe. Urukiko rufata icyemezo ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze ubujurire ajurira cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na we akajurira; bityo uru rukiko ntirwayifataho icyemezo. [45] Ariko kandi ntirwabura kwibutsa ko mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Uru rukiko kuwa 17/11/2020 haburana Unguka Bank Plc mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo na Nyirabwiza Justine, uru rukiko rwasanze kuba umukoresha yaratondetse abakozi, urutonde akarumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, yarubahirije ibisabwa n’igingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, kandi ko ariwo murongo w’uru Rukiko, nk’uko bigaragara no mu rubanza RSOCA 00252/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 19/10/2020, rwa Unguka Bank plc na Nyirabwiza Justine. 4. Ibyerekeranye no kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi impande zombi zifite ishingiro [46] Me Nkeza Clement na Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora bahagarariye Unguka Bank bavuga ko Unguka Bank Plc ikwiye igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko ikomeje gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere, bityo ikabisabira igihembo cya Avoka gihwanye na miliyoni n'igice y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1,500,000) n'ibihubi mana atanu y'ikurikiranarubanza (500,000 frw). [47] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa uhagarariye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice avuga ko ibyo Unguka Bank Plc isaba izabyirengere kubera ko kuba Mme Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice ari mu manza ariyo nyirabayazana. [48] Me Milton Nkuba Munyandatwa uhagarariye Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice avuga ko ku birebana n'indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza, Nyiragashapure Utuje Alice asanga naho izo urukiko rwamugeneye nazo harirengagijwe byinshi kubera ko 300,000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza hirengagijwe ko ubwabyo igihe yateshejwe na Unguka Bank Plc, amafaranga yakoresheje akurikirana urubanza no kurutegura n' ibyo aba asabwa kugira ngo rugende neza birenze cyane izo ndishyi yagenewe, ikindi kikaba ari ukuba gusiragira mu manza byose ari amakosa ya Unguka Bank Plc nk' uko yabisobanuye, ku bw' izo mpamvu akaba asaba ko mu bushishozi bw' urukiko yahabwa amafaranga y'indishyi nk'uko yari yayasabye ku rwego rwa mbere. Naho ku bijyanye n'igihembo cya Avocat, Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice akaba asanga naho hari

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ibyirengagijwe ndetse n'urukiko rutagaragaza icyashingiweho agenerwa 600,000Frw mu gihe umwunganizi we yatangiye gukurikirana ikibazo cye mu ntangiriro zacyo yandikira intumwa z'abakozi, mu bugenzuzi bw' umurimo, gutanga ikirego, kugikurikirana mu byiciro byacyo byose kugeza rupfundikiwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Ikindi ashingiraho ni ukuba n' igihembo yasabye kitageze no ku gihembo cyo hejuru giteganywa n'Amabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera by'Abavoka, akaba ari nayo mpamvu asaba guhabwa igihembo yasabye, cyane ko akazi kagaragajwe kandi akaba atari n' umurengera. [49] Avuga ko uwo ahagarariye asaba urukiko yajuririye gutegeka Unguka Bank Plc kumuha indishyi zigizwe n’amafaranga 1, 000, 000Frw y' ikurikiranarubanza ku rwego rw' ubujurire, amafaranga 1,300,000Frw y' igihembo cya Avocat, gusubizwa amafaranga 40,000Frw yatanzeho ingwate y'amagarama ajurira. [50] Me Nkeza Clement Uhagarariye Unguka Bank Plc avuga ko Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice adakwiye gushingira ku makosa ye ngo abisabire indishyi z’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avocat n’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze kandi ariwe nyirabayazana w’urubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [51] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [52] Rusanga nta makosa Unguka Bank Plc yakoze mu gusesa amasezerano, bityo indishyi Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice yagenewe zivanyweho, akaba agomba guha unguka indishyi zingana n’amafaranga 1,000,000 y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [53] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire urukiko rwashyikirijwe na Unguka Bank plc gifite ishingiro. Naho icyo rwashyikirijwe na Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice nta shigiro gifite. [54] Rutegetse ko Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice agomba guha Unguka Bank plc indishyi zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000), akubiyemo ikurikirana rubanza n’ibihembo bya Abavoka. [55] Rutegetse ko urubanza RSOC 00087/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 29/1/2021 ruhindutse kuri byose, indishyi zarutanzwemo zivanyweho. [56] Rutegetse Nyiragashapule Utuje Alice gusubiza Unguka Bank plc amafaranga 40,000 batanzeho ingwate y’amagarama.