URWEGO OPPORTUNITY BANK LTD vs GATERA N’ABANDI

# URWEGO OPPORTUNITY BANK LTD vs GATERA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-01-31 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00067/2019/CA ( - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

URWEGO OPPORTUNITY BANK LTD vs GATERA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00067/2019/CA (Mukandamage, P.J., Nyirandabaruta na Munyangeri J.) 31 Mutarama 2020] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Cyamunara – Ibihe byo gutanga ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Kwakira ikirego – Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara nticyakirwa iyo uwagitanze atubahirije ibihe byo kurega biteganywa n’itegeko – Iyo nyir’umutungo wakorewe cyamunara atayishimiye, yatakambira Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba ko iteshwa agaciro mbere yuko ayemeza, nyuma yaho, ashobora no kurega mu Rukiko iyo atishimiye igisubizo cye ariko akabikora mu bihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko – Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 260. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urwego Bank PLC Ltd ivuga ko yahaye uwitwa Gatera Venuste inguzanyo ingana na 26.000.000Frw, nawe ayiha ingwate y’umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe na Guest House ye, ariko mu kwishyura ntiyubahiriza ibyo yari yumvikanye na banki, bituma isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate, irabuhabwa, maze igurishwa ku giciro kingana na 9.800.000 Frw, yegukanwa na Rutagengwa François Régis. Nyuma y’uko ingwate igurishijwe mu cyamunara, Gatera Venuste yareze uwarushinzwe kugurisha ingwate mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko yakorewe akagambane, umutungo we ukagurishwa ku giciro idakwiye kuko yagurishijwe ku giciro gito cyane, asaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze, nubwo igiciro fatizo cyari kugenderwaho cyari hejuru kurenza icyagurishijwe, bidasobanuye ko icyo giciro aricyo kigomba gutangwa byanze bikunze, bityo ko cyamunara itateshwa agaciro kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Gatera Venuste yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, maze Urwego Bank PLC Ltd yari mu barezwe itanga inzitizi ivuga ko ikirego kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere. Mu mizi y’urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko cyamunara ikuweho, bityo ko uwaguze asubizwa ikiguzi yishyuye muri cyamunara. Urwego Bank PLC Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko ikirego cya Gatera Venuste kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere kuko yagitanze igihe giteganywa n’amategeko cyararenze, nukuvuga mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15). Uwarushinzwe kugurisha ingwate nawe yiregura avuga ko itegeko ryashingiweho rireba cyamunara isanzwe cyangwa se iyakozwe hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, itandukaniro rikaba gusa ko iya mbere iregerwa mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze, naho iya kabiri ikaregerwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kandi ko kuba ibyo birego byombi bifatwa nk’ikirego cyihutirwa (référé).

## Page 2

Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB yiregura avuga ko iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) isabwa yo gutanga ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ivugwa mu itegeko ari ihame ku muntu wese utishimiye cyamunara. Uwegukanye umutungo wagurishijwe yiregura avuga Gatera Venuste (nyiri umutungo) yararegeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi akerewe, kuko yarengeje iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) iteganywa n’itegeko. Nyirumutungo (ingwate) yiregura nawe avuga ko Umushingamategeko yatandukanyije cyamunara zikorwa hashingiwe ku irangizwa ry’imanza zisanzwe n’izikorwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate, bityo ko inzira yo kubanza kunyura ku Mwanditsi Mukuru itabangikanywa n’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) ivugwa mu itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara nticyakirwa iyo uwagitanze atubahirije ibihe byo kurega biteganywa n’itegeko. Iyo nyir’umutungo wakorewe cyamunara atayishimiye, yatakambira Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba ko iteshwa agaciro mbere yuko ayemeza, nyuma yaho, ashobora no kurega mu Rukiko iyo atishimiye igisubizo cye ariko akabikora mu bihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 260. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Gatera Venuste yahawe inguzanyo na Urwego Bank PLC Ltd ingana na 26.000.000 Frw, atangaho ingwate “ Guest House “ ye iri mu kibanza nº UPI 05/06/05/01/20121 iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kiruhura, Akagari ka Cyasemakamba, Umurenge wa Kibungo, Akarere ka Ngoma, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, ariko mu kwishyura ntiyubahiriza ibyo yari yumvikanye na banki, bituma isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate irabuhabwa, maze Mushonganono Régine washinzwe kugurisha iyo ngwate ayigurisha mu cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019, ku giciro kingana na 9.800.000 Frw, yegukanwa na Rutagengwa François Régis. [2] Nyuma y’uko ingwate igurishijwe mu cyamunara, Gatera Venuste yareze Mushonganono Régine mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko yagurishije ingwate itari ikwiye

## Page 3

kugurishwa kuri icyo giciro, ko ahubwo yakorewe akagambane, umutungo we ukagurishwa hirengagijwe agaciro fatizo ka 59.960.000 Frw kari mu mabwiriza y’igurisha, asaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye kuri uwo mutungo. [3] Mu rubanza RCOM 00866/2019/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 15/05/2019, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze, nubwo igiciro fatizo cyari kugenderwaho kingana na 59.960.000 Frw, bidasobanuye ko icyo giciro aricyo kigomba gutangwa byanze bikunze, kuko ucunga ingwate afite inshingano yo kuyigurisha ku giciro gikwiye kiri ku isoko kigenwa hakurikijwe uko ibiciro bigenda bihindagurika. Rwasanze kandi iyo cyamunara ishingiye ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru imaze gusubikwa inshuri eshatu (3), ku wundi munsi yimuriweho, hafatwa igiciro kinini cyatanzwe mu igurishwa ry’ingwate, ko rero mu guteza cyamunara umutungo uri mu kibanza UPI 05/06/05/01/20121 wa Gatera Venuste na Mukabaryinyonza Espérance, igiciro cyafashwe ari ikiruta ibindi mu byatanzwe, ndetse ko iyo cyamunara yari iya gatanu (5), maze rwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019 kuri uwo mutungo yakurikije amategeko, ikaba itateshwa agaciro, rutegeka Gatera Venuste guha Mushonganono Régine 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 150.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’indishyi z’akababaro. [4] Gatera Venuste yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu rubanza hagobokeshwamo Umwanditsi Mukuru, Rutagengwa François Régis na Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, maze mu rubanza RCOMA 00444/2019/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 03/09/2019, urwo Rukiko rusanga ibisabwa na Urwego Bank PLC Ltd by’uko ikirego cya Gatera Venuste kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko atubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kugitanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko itagaragaza niba hari ibihe bitubahirijwe. [5] Ku bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ingingo ya 12 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru iteganya ko cyamunara itangira byibura hari abantu batanu, bivuze ko ku itariki ya 27/03/2019 aribwo cyamunara yabayeho bwa mbere, kuko indi minsi nta bantu bari bahari, binumvikanisha ko nta n’igiciro cyatanzwe, ko kuba Mushonganono Régine washinzwe kugurisha ingwate yarahise agurisha umutungo ku nshuro ya mbere kandi ku gaciro kari hasi ari amakosa, maze rutegeka ko iyo cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 27/03/2019 ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 05/06/05/01/2021 wavuzwe haruguru ikuweho, ko Urwego Opportunity Bank na Mushonganono Régine basubiza Rutagengwa François Régis 9.800.000Frw yishyuye muri cyamunara, Mushonganono akagarura 490.000 Frw yiyishyuye kuri iyi cyamunara, asigaye agatangwa na Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, runategeka Mushonganono Régine guha Rutagengwa François Régis 500.000Frw y’indishyi, izo Gatera Venuste yari yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere zivanwaho. [6] Urwego Bank PLC Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko ikirega Gatera Venuste kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere, ko kandi cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ikaba itaragombaga guteshwa agaciro, Mushonganono Régine, Rutagengwa François Régis n’Umwanditsi Mukuru bashyigikira ubwo bujurire, naho Gatera Venuste avuga ko nta shingiro bufite.

## Page 4

[7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 23/01/2020, Urwego Bank PLC Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco, Gatera Venuste aburanirwa na Me Kavutse Ephrem, Mushonganono Régine ahagarariwe na Me Habyarimana Jean Bosco, Umwanditsi Mukuru ahagarariwe na Me Nkusi Fred, naho Rutagengwa François Régis aburanirwa na Me Simbizi Fulgence. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Gatera Venuste kitaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi [8] Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco, uhagarariye Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, avuga ko yasobanuriye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Gatera Venuste kitagombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ariko ntibyahabwa ishingiro, nyamara ingingo ya 260, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “ (...) Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara gitangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye ku munsi cyamunara yabereyeho (...)“, icyo gihe kikaba cyarashyizweho n’Umushingamategeko kugira ngo utishimiye cyamunara aticecekera akazarega mu gihe kitazwi, ko kandi ari cyo gikurikizwa haba kuri cyamunara zisanzwe ziregerwa inkiko z’Ibanze, n’izikorwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate ziregerwa Urukiko rw‘Ubucuruzi. [9] Akomeza avuga ko guhagarika cyamunara yabaye hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate ari we bisabwa, nyuma hakabaho gutanga ikirego kibishingiyeho, ibyo byose bigakorwa mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15), ko rero Gatera Venuste yagombaga kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru mu minsi itatu (3), uyu nawe akamusubiza cyangwa ntamusubize mu minsi itanu (5) akabona gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko ariko atariko byagenze, kubera ko yatanze ikirego ku wa 29/04/2019 hashize ukwezi kurenga, kuko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019. [10] Bosco avuga na none ko ntaho ingingo ya 260, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru igaragaraza ko ibiyivugwamo by’iminsi 15 yo gutanga ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara bireba gusa cyamunara yabaye hagamijwe gutanga ubwishyu bukomoka ku rubanza cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu iteganywa n’amategeko nk’uko Umucamanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi abisobanura mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ko kandi n’ubwo mu gika cya 14 cy’urwo rubanza umucamanza avuga ko iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) yo gutanga ikirego kuri cyamunara zisanzwe ikurikizwa mu gihe cyo kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru asabwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ngo kuko gahunda yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara iba itangiye, mu gihe ku zindi cyamunara zisanzwe iyo gahunda itangizwa n’ikirego mu Rukiko, n’iyo minsi 15 Gatera Venuste atayubahirije mu gihe yandikiraga Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yari yakozwe, kuko cyamunara isabirwa guteshwa agaciro yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019,

## Page 5

we amwandikira ku wa 18/04/2019 amusaba kutemeza cyamunara, bikaba bigaragara ko yabikoze nyuma y’iminsi makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) cyamunara ibaye, akaba ariyo mpamvu ikirego kitagombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, kuko urega atubahirije ibihe byo kugitanga biteganywa n'itegeko. [11] Me Habyarimana Jean Bosco, uburanira Mushonganono Régine avuga ko ashyigikiye imiburanire ya Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco kuri iyo ngingo, ko nawe abona ko ibika bigize ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru bireba cyamunara isanzwe cyangwa se iyakozwe hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, itandukaniro rikaba gusa ko iya mbere iregerwa mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze, naho iya kabiri ikaregerwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Yongeraho ko kuba ibyo birego byombi bifatwa nk’ikirego cyihutirwa (référé) ari ikindi cyumvikanisha ko bidatandukanye. [12] Akomeza avuga ko Gatera Venuste utarishimiye cyamunara, yari afite iminsi itatu (3) yo kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru agasubizwa cyangwa ntasubizwe, yongerwaho iminsi itanu (5) ikaba iminsi umunani (8), agasigarana indi minsi irindwi (7) kugira ngo aregere Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko rero ibikorwa byose, byaba kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru, byaba gutanga ikirego, bigomba gukorwa mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15). [13] Me Nkusi Fred, uburanira Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB, avuga ko iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) ivugwa mu ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ari ihame (principe) ku muntu wese utishimiye cyamunara yo kuba yatanze ikirego, uhereye ku munsi cyamunara yabayeho, ko kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru nabyo bikorwa kandi bikarangira mu minsi 8 ibarirwa muri iyo cumi n’itanu (15) yavuzwe. [14] Avuga ko inzira yo kunyura ku Mwanditsi Mukuru yashyizweho kubera ko ari we ufite ububasha bwo gukuraho icyemezo cyo kugurisha mu cyamunara (permit to sell), nawe akaba agomba gusubiza mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu (3), kuregera urukiko bikaba mu gihe cy’iminsi itanu (5). [15] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Me Nkusi Fred avuga ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019, ko kuba Gatera Venuste yaratanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 29/04/2019 yakerewe, kuko yarengeje iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) hatabariwemo iminsi y’ikiruhuko (week-end). [16] Me Simbizi Fulgence, uburanira Rutagengwa François Régis, avuga ko kimwe na bagenzi be, asanga Gatera Venuste yararegeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi akerewe, kuko yarengeje iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) iteganywa n’itegeko, ko kandi iyo minsi ireba cyamunara zombi, kuko iyo bitaba ibyo, igika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, cyari gutangizwa n’ijambo “ Icyakora....“ kugira ngo hagaragazwe itandukaniro. [17] Me Kavutse Ephrem, uburanira Gatera Venuste, avuga ko mu ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, Umushingamategeko yatandukanyije cyamunara zikorwa

## Page 6

hashingiwe ku irangizwa ry’imanza zisanzwe n’izikorwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate, ko kuri izi cyamunara za nyuma, hari indi mihango (procédures) Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ateganya isabwa umuntu ushaka gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ko rero inzira yo kubanza kunyura ku Mwanditsi Mukuru itabangikanywa n’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) ivugwa muri iyo ngingo. [18] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya igihe Gatera Venuste yaboneye ko atishimiye ibyavuye muri cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 27/03/2019, Me Kavutse Ephrem avuga ko ari igihe Umwanditsi Mukuru yari amaze kuyemeza, arangije gutanga icyemezo cyo kwegukana ingwate, ko rero aribwo yamwandikiye ku wa 18/04/2019, nawe amusubiza ku wa 24/04/2019, ahita atanga ikirego. Asanga rero nta bukererwe bwabayeho mu gutanga icyo kirego, kuko nta minsi cumi n’itanu (15) yateganyijwe kuri bene izi cyamunara, nta n’ahanditse ko umuntu utishimiye cyamunara agomba kuba yarangije gutanga ikirego mu gihe runaka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko: “Umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, ashobora gusaba Urukiko rw’Ibanze rw’aho cyamunara igomba kubera kuyihagarika iyo: 1º (…), 2º (…), 3º (…); Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara gitangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye umunsi cyamunara yabereyeho. Ibirego bivugwa muri iyi ngingo bitangwa kandi bikanaburanishwa mu bihe by’ibirego byihutirwa. Guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, bisabwa Umwanditsi Mukuru. Umwanditsi Mukuru atanga igisubizo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi. Iyo hari utishimiye igisubizo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyangwa udahawe igisubizo mu gihe giteganywa muri iki gika, abitangira ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi uhereye igihe yamenyeye icyo gisubizo. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 13 n’icya 14 by’urubanza RCOMA 00444/2019/CHC/HCC rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cya Gatera Venuste kitaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kuko atubahirije ibihe byo kurega biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rusanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibiyivugwamo by’uko “Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara gitangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye umunsi cyamunara yabereyeho” ari byo, ko ariko iyo minsi ibarwa muri ubwo buryo mu gihe ari cyamunara yabaye hagamijwe gutanga ubwishyu bukomoka ku rubanza cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu iteganywa n’amategeko.

## Page 7

[21] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ku bijyanye na cyamunara ikorwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, hari izindi nzira bibanza kunyuramo yo kumusaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara, hanyuma utishimiye igisubizo amuhaye akaregera urukiko, bivuze ko iminsi 15 yo gutanga ikirego kuri cyamunara zisanzwe ikurikizwa mu gihe cyo kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru asabwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko ari bwo gahunda yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara iba itangiye, mu gihe ku zindi manza itangizwa n’ikirego mu rukiko, ko nyuma y’iyo minsi cumi n’itanu (15), hari n’indi minsi Umwanditsi Mukuru agomba gutangamo igisubizo, ndetse no gutanga ikirego mu gihe igisubizo atanze kitishimiwe n’ababuranyi. [22] Urwo Rukiko rwasanze rero uhagarariye Urwego Bank PLC Ltd atagaragaza niba hari ibihe bitubahirijwe na Gatera Venuste mu bijyanye n’iyi cyamunara ishingiye ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, ko kandi nk’uko bigaragara, ibaruwa ye ni iyo ku wa 23/04/2019 isubiza iya Gatera Venuste, ikirego kikaba cyaratanzwe ku wa 29/04/2019, ko rero nta bukererwe burimo, ikirego kikaba rero cyaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwabikoze. [23] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, igihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye umunsi cyamunara yabereyeho yo gutangamo ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara giteganywa mu ngingo ya 260, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kireba cyamunara yabaye hagamijwe gutanga ubwishyu bukomoka ku rubanza cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu iteganywa n’amategeko, naho ku bijyanye na cyamunara ishingiye ku cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate, hari ibindi bihe biteganyijwe kugira ngo hatangwe ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. [24] Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragarutse ku gihe cy’iminsi 15 ruvuga ko ariyo umuntu utishimiye ibyavuye mu cyamunara agomba kuba yandikiyemo Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, uyu nawe agasubiza mu gihe cy’iminsi 3, utishimiye igisubizo amuhaye akaregera Urukiko mu gihe cy’iminsi 5, bikaba rero biboneka ko igihe cyo kuregera urukiko cyaba nibura iminsi 23, irenze 15 iteganywa ku cyamunara zisanzwe zikomoka ku manza zaciwe n’inkiko cyangwa se izindi mpamvu ziteganywa n’amategeko, nyamara inzira yo guteza cyamunara ingwate binyuze ku Mwanditsi Mukuru, ari uburyo bwashyizweho hagamije kwihutisha ishoramari, kugira ngo Banki zibashe kubona ubwishyu mu gihe bigaragaye ko inguzanyo zatanze zitishyurwa neza, bitabaye ngombwa kuregera urukiko. [25] Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’iyo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rushingira kw’isesengura rwakoze, rwari kubona ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019, Gatera Venuste yandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru ku wa 18/4/2019, ni ukuvuga mu gihe cy’iminsi makumyabiri n’ibiri (22), nabwo yarakerewe kuko iminsi 15 rwashingiyeho yari yararenze, rukaba rero rwaragombaga kwemeza ko ikirego cye yatanze ku wa 29/04/2019 kitagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [26] Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo, mu ngingo ya 260, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Umushingamategeko atateganyije igihe

## Page 8

umuntu utishimiye ibyavuye muri cyamunara aba afite kugira ngo yandikire Umwanditsi Mukuru, kugira ngo uyu nawe amusubize cyangwa ye kumusubiza mu gihe cy’iminsi 3, maze nawe abone kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gihe cy’iminsi 5. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, kuba icyo gihe cyo kwandikiramo Umwanditsi Mukuru kitarateganyijwe, bitaba impamvu y’uko utishimiye ibyavuye mu cyamunara yabikora igihe cyose aboneye, na nyuma y’uko cyamunara yemejwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, banki ikishyurwa, n’uwaguze mu cyamunara akegukana umutungo, ahubwo yagombye kubikora mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 7 iteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 03/2010/Org yo ku wa 16/11/2010 agenga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate1, ikurikira iminsi itatu (3) ivugwa mu ngingo yayo ya 15 ko Ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate( Receiver) atangamo raporo ya cyamunara, ni ukuvuga mu minsi 10 cyamunara ibaye, kuko kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru nyuma yaramaze kwemeza raporo ya cyamunara ntacyo aba agishobora kuyikoraho. [28] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga cyamunara yarabaye ku wa 27/03/2019, Gatera Venuste yandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru ku wa 18/04/2019 amusaba kutayemeza, hashize iminsi makumyabiri n’ibiri (22), Umwanditsi Mukuru amusubiza ku wa 23/04/2019 amubwira ko cyamunara itaseswa kuko yamaze gukorwa, atanga ikirego mu Rukiko ku wa 29/04/2019, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’ukwezi cyamunara ibaye, akaba rero yaragitanze akererewe, ku buryo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kucyakira ngo rugisuzume. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Gatera Venuste avuga ko yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru amaze kumenya ko yemeje cyamunara nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa ye yo ku wa 18/04/2019, icyo yamusabye ni ukutemeza cyamunara, kandi nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, yagombaga kumwandikira mu gihe kitarenze nibura iminsi 10 cyamunara ibaye, mbere y’uko yemezwa n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, ni ukuvuga bitarenze ku wa 06/04/2019, cyane cyane ko yari ahari ubwo cyamunara yabaga akanasinya kuri raporo yayo, ariko yabikoze ku wa 18/04/2019, hashize iminsi makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) cyamunara ibaye. [30] Urukiko rurasanga, hashingiwe ku biteganya n’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, ikirego cyatanzwe na Gatera Venuste kitaragombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bityo urubanza RCOM 0866/2019/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, n’urubanza RCOMA 00444/2019/CHC/HCC rujuririrwa, rwaciwe ku wa 03/09/2019 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, zikaba zigomba guteshwa agaciro hakurikijwe na none ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 158, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru2. 1 Iyo ngingo ya 17 ivuga ko “Mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 7 raporo y’ushinzwe kugurishaingwate muri cyamunara itanzwe, Umwanditsi Mukuru yemeza raporo y’ibiyikubiyemo”. Naho iya 15 iteganya ko “Ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate akora raporo y’uko cyamunara yagenze bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi cyamunara ibaye, akibanda cyane cyane kuri ibi bikurikira: (…).

## Page 9

[31] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba ibyo byemezo byafashwe n’inkiko zabanje bivanyweho, bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma indi mpamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe n’Urwego Bank PLC Ltd y’uko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 27/03/2019 ku mutungo uri mu kibanza nº UPI 05/06/05/01/20121 wa Gatera Venuste na Mukabaryinyonza Espérance itaragombaga guteshwa agaciro n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. b. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’indishyi, ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo bya ba Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [32] Jean Bosco, uhagarariye Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, avuga ko Gatera Venuste yayishyura amafaranga 2.000.000Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, kuko ari yo nyirabayazana w’izi manza na 2.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka no gukurikirana urubanza. Naho ku ndishyi Gatera Vedaste ayisaba akavuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko itarezwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ko ari we wayishoye mu manza. 2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwararegewe ku rwego rwa mbere mu buryo budakurikije amategeko cyangwa rwararegeye urukiko rudafite ububasha, nyamara urwo rukiko rukaba rwarafashe icyemezo cyo kurwakira kandi rutaragombaga kurwakira, urukiko rwajuririwe rwakira ubwo bujurire, rukagaragaza ko urwo rubanza rwajuririwe rwari rwararegewe urukiko rwa mbere mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, rugatesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byashingiye kuri iryo kosa; ubifitemo inyungu akaba yakongera akarega bundi bushya.”

## Page 10

[33] Me Habyarimana Jean Bosco, uburanira Mushonganono Régine avuga ko Gatera Venuste yamuha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri buri rwego yaburaniyeho, na 500.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza; [34] Me Simbizi Fulgence, uburanira Rutagengwa François Régis, avuga ko Gatera Venuste agomba kumwishyura, 1.000.000 Frw yo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere na 2.000.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. [35] Gatera Venuste asaba ko Urwego Bank PLC Ltd rwamwishyura 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cy’Avoka, na 500.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe“. [37] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihembo by’Abavoka Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, Rutagengwa François Régis basaba Gatera Venuste ntazo bagenerwa, kuko nk’uko bigararagara mu nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 24/06/2019, bagobokeshejwe muri uru rubanza mu nyungu z’ubutabera kubera ko Me Habyarimana Jean Bosco uhagarariye Mushonganono Régine yabwiye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko atagombye kubazwa ibya cyamunara kuko yatumwe na RDB. [38] Urukiko rurasanga 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri buri rwego yaburaniyeho, na 500.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza Mushonganono Régine asaba Gatera Venuste nta shingiro afite, kubera ko atari we wajuriye, kuri uru rwego, ahubwo hajuriye Urwego Bank PLC Ltd. [39] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka Gatera Venuste asaba Urwego Bank PLC Ltd atayagenerwa kubera ko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd, yahindutse Urwego Bank PLC Ltd, bufite ishingiro ;

## Page 11

[41] Rutegetse ko urubanza RCOM 0866/2019/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, n’urubanza RCOMA 00444/2019/CHC/HCC rujuririrwa, rwaciwe ku wa 03/09/2019 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zivanyweho; [42] Rutegetse Gatera Venuste kwishyura 50.000 Frw y’amagarama y‘urubanza.