UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00505/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00505/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 19 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ntigishingira ku kuba ushinjwa yafashwe ari ku mwe n’umuguzi cyangwa afatanwe amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyabyo, ahubwo igihe cyose hari ibimenyetso ko uyu yari yiteguye guha ibiyobyabwenge umuguzi wese waboneka, uyu afatwa nk’ugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwamahoro yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nyuma yuko afatanwe udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 frw. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw, rutegeka ko udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi dutwikwa. Uwamahoro yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho. Mu icibwa ry’urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gihamaho. Yajuririye kandi mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ukuri yarugaragarije ko adacuruza urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa kuko we yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uwamahoro wari ubitse ibiyobyabwenge iwe yafashwe agiye kubigurisha bityo ko adashobora guhanirwa kubifatanwa gusa, ko ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha nta cyatuma atagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’izahabu ya 5.000.000Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ntigishingira ku kuba ushinjwa yafashwe ari ku mwe n’umuguzi cyangwa afatanwe amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyabyo, ahubwo igihe cyose hari ibimenyetso ko uyu yari yiteguye guha ibiyobyabwenge umuguzi wese waboneka, uyu afatwa nk’ugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. 2. Ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ruhindutse ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha n’ibihano. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00436/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ahimpereye Ndeze François rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 28/06/2022; RPAA 0117/07/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Cpl Ngabonziza Faustin na Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/09/2010; RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021;

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/12/2019, Uwamahoro Jeanne yafatanwe udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi aruzaniye uwitwa Muhorakeye Alphonsine, nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 frw. Uwamahoro Jeanne yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwa Muhorakeye Kampororo Alphonsine, ko uyu yari yamusigiye ibahasha ariko atazi ko irimo urumogi, ko aho abiboneye, amaze no kubyereka umuturanyi we witwa Jacky, yarumushyiriye hanyuma agahura n’abashinzwe umutekano bigaragara ko yari yagambanyeho, asaba kurenganurwa. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00161/2020/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo ifatira udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi Uwamahoro yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ari utwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, rutegeka ko udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi dutwikwa. [3] Uwamahoro Jeanne yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, anenga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho, ko uwitwa Ndizeye na Muhorakeye batigeze babazwa kandi bivugwa ko aribo batanze amakuru yuko acuruza urumogi ahubwo rugashingira ku buhamya bwa Ntaganira wavuze ko irondo ryafashe uwitwa Ndizeye anywa urumogi, akababwira ko arugurira kwa Uwamahoro Jeanne nta bindi bimenyetso abitangiye. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Uwamahoro Jeanne nta shingiro zifite kuko yafatanwe udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi, akaba yaranashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira kandi ko yafashwe ajya kurucuruza, bityo ko nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze mu kumuhanira iki cyaha. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 01207/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/08/2023, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Uwamahoro Jeanne ndetse n’ibimenyetso

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byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha, rwasanze nta bimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza ko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko ko bigaragara ko yarufatanwe arubitse kandi ko kurucuruza no kurubika bihanwa kimwe, bityo ko akwiye guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurubika. Mu cyemezo cyarwo, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha, ko ahamijwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rutegeka ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gihamaho. [6] Uwamahoro Jeanne yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00505/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 3/12/2024, yunganiwe na Me Niyitegeka Emmanuel naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Uwamahoro Jeanne avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ukuri yarugaragarije ko adacuruza urumogi, ko urwo yafatanwe ari urwa Muhorakeye wamugambaniye kubera amakimbirane bari bafitanye, asaba kurenganurwa agasanga abana be 5 yasize bandagaye. [8] Me Niyitegeka Emmanuel umwunganira mu mwanzuro we, avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari ruhamya Uwamahoro Jeanne icyaha atakoze, ko rwaciye urubanza rugenekereje mu kuvuga ko yakoze icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge, ko ahubwo yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa. [9] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 03/12/2024, Ubwunganizi bwasabye ko Uwamahoro Jeanne yahanishwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rwasesenguye neza ibimenyetso bugasanga Uwamahoro Jeanne wari ubitse ibiyobyabwenge iwe, yafashwe agiye kubigurisha bityo ko adashobora guhanirwa kubifatanwa gusa, ko ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha nta cyatuma atagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’izahabu ya 5.000.000Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Uwamahoro Jeanne yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bishingiweho, niba yahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano.

II. ISESENGURWA RY’ URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Uwamahoro Jeanne yarahaniwe kubika ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso bishingiweho [12] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye Uwamahoro Jeanne anenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ukuri yarugaragarije ko adacuruza urumogi, ko urwo yafatanwe ari urwa Muhorakeye waje iwe arufite mu ibahasha akaruhasiga ariko we atazi ikiyirimo, ko Muhorakeye yaje kumusaba ko bahura akamuha ibahasha ye yibagiriwe iwe, nyamara ibyo akabikora ashaka kumugambanira ku nzego z’umutekano kubera amakimbirane bari basanzwe bafitanye. Asaba ko

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yahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi kuko ari we barusanganye n’ubwo nta gahunda yo kurugurisha yari afite. [13] Me Niyitegeka Emmanuel wunganira Uwamahoro Jeanne avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwasanze ushinjwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge rubishingiye ku kuba yarabifatanwe, bityo ko rwagenekereje kandi bibujijwe mu mategeko. Akomeza avuga ko Uwamahoro yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kandi akaba agisabira imbabazi, ko n’Urukiko Rukuru mu cyemezo cyarwo rwemeje ko aricyo kimuhama ariko rukamuhanisha igihano kirebana no kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bikaba bigomba gukosorwa. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko Uwamahoro Jeanne yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi yari agiye kugurisha, ko adashobora kwitirira Muhorakeye ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe kuko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko uyu ari we wasize ibiyobyabwenge kwa Uwamahoro byongeye kandi ko atari we wari kubijyana ahubwo uwabisize ari we wari kuza kubyifatira. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, mu isobanurampamvu rwasobanuye icyo rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge, ko kuba mu cyemezo cyarwo rwaremeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ari ukwibeshya mu myandikire bityo ko ari nacyo cyaha gihuza n’ibihano yagenewe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [16] Ikibazo kigomba gukemurwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Uwamahoro Jeanne yarahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso no kumenya niba yahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge yemera. [17] Ikibazo kirebana n’ububasha bw’Urukiko mu kugena inyito ikwiranye n’imikorere y’icyaha, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabifasheho umwanzuro mu rubanza RPAA 0117/07/CS rwaciye ku wa 17/09/2010, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cpl Ngabonziza Faustin na Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste aho rwemeje ko Urukiko ruburanisha urubanza mu mizi rufite ububasha bwo kugena inyito ikwiranye n’imikorere y’icyaha hashingiwe ku mategeko abigenga. [18] Uwamahoro Jeanne wafashwe ashyiriye Muhorakeye udupfunyika 40, yaburanye avuga ko ari Muhorakeye wari warwibagiriye iwe, kandi ko mbere yo kurumushyira yarweretse umuturanyi we witwa Jacky, ibi ariko bikavuguruzwa n’imvugo ya Ntaganira, umwe mu bashinzwe umutekano bamufashe, uhamya ko bafashe Ndeze anywa urumogi akababwira ko yaruvanye kwa Uwamahoro, abashinzwe umutekano bakaba barakoresheje Muhorakeye wihinduye umuguzi aribyo byatumye Uwamahoro afatwa amuzaniye udupfunyika 40 tw’urumogi. [19] Urukiko rurasanga, isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ryarashingiye ku buhamya bwa Ntaganira no ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi Uwamahoro yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ariwe urufatanywe, bituma ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. [20] Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye Ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro wasabaga kugirwa umwere, rusanga ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari ibye ariko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yabicuruje,

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ahubwo ko yakoze icyaha cyo kubibika, kuko yagiye kubigurisha abivanye iwe aho yari abibitse. Mu cyemezo rwafashe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, nubwo mu isobanurampamvu rwari rwasanze akwiye guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru haboneka ko Uwamahoro yahamwe n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ni ikosa ry’imyandikire kubera ko icyemezo gishingira ku isobanurampamvu kandi mu rubanza Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye uburyo Uwamahoro yakoze icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge, rusobanura n’uburyo nta gikwiye guhinduka ku bihano yahawe kuko kubika ibiyobyabwenge bihanwa kimwe no kurucuruza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kikaba aricyo cyagumishijwe mu cyemezo. [22] Rurasanga ku birebana n’ibimenyetso, Urukiko rwarashingiye ku kuba Uwamahoro yarafatanwe udupfunyika 40, uyu akaba yarashyize umukono ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira, kandi akaba yarafashwe ahamagawe na Muhorakeye wamubwiye ko amuboneye umuguzi. Rusanga imiburanire ye y’uko uru rumogi yari yarusigiwe na Muhorakeye nta shingiro ifite kuko nta kimenyetso yabitangiye, byongeye kandi, nk’umuntu uvuga ko yari amaze kumenya ko ibahasha irimo urumogi azi neza ko kurufatanwa no kurutunda bigize icyaha, atari we wari kurujyanira uwo yita nyirarwo, ahubwo iyi miburanire ikaba ishyigikira imvugo ya Ntaganira wasobanuye ko Uwamahoro yaje azi ko aruzaniye umuguzi. [23] Urukiko rurasanga isesengura ry’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge inyuranye n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho mu rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/06/2022 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze François rwasobanuye ko icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kidashingira ku kuba ushinjwa yafashwe ari ku mwe n’umuguzi cyangwa afatanwe amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyabyo, ko ahubwo igihe cyose hari ibimenyetso ko uyu yari yiteguye guha ibiyobyabwenge umuguzi wese waboneka, uyu afatwa nk’ugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Uwamahoro adahakana ko yajyaniye ibiyobyabwenge Muhorakeye wari umuhamagaye, kandi uyu akaba yari amuhamagaye amubwira ko amuboneye umuguzi, ibyo byerekana ko Uwamahoro yari mu gikorwa cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, yiteguye kuruha uwarukenera wese kandi ku kiguzi, bityo inyito yo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ikaba ariyo ikwiranye n’icyaha Uwamahoro ashinjwa, nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rwayibonye. [25] Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro rwaha imiburanire ya Uwamahoro yo kuba kuri uru rwego aburana yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, kuko uretse no kuba ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko yabifatanwe abishyiriye umuguzi, nyamara kandi n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe (udupfunyika 40) irenze ibyo umuntu yakwitwaza agamije gukoresha ku giti (à usage personnel). [26] Urukiko rurasanga kuri iyi ngingo y’inyito y’ibimenyetso bishinja Uwamahoro n’irebana n’inyito y’icyaha, ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro nta shingiro bufite.

Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano

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[27] Uwamahoro Jeanne n’ubwunganizi bwe bajuriye basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, kandi ko yasubikirwa igifungo kubera abana batanu batagira kirengera. [28] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uwamahoro atigeze yemera icyaha aregwa, ko kandi kuba abana bari mu buzima bugoye ari ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze. Nubwo bimenze bityo, Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha. Uko Urukiko rubibona [29] Mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, uru Rukiko rwatanze umurongo ko, ntacyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano agihuza n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere yacyo kabone n’iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. [30] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Uwamahoro Jeanne yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [31] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“. [32] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ingingo yo kwemera icyaha idashobora kubera Uwamahoro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kubera ko icyaha avuga yemera ataricyo ashinjwa, ahubwo yahisemo kwemera icyaha abona ko cyatuma ahabwa igihano gito, nyamara icyaha ashinjwa cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge cyaratangiwe ibimenyetso bikimuhamya. [33] Urukiko rurasanga nubwo impamvu Uwamahoro yajuririshije nta shingiro zihawe, nyamara kandi kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko ku buryo buzwi no kuba ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe idakabije kuba nini, izo ari ingingo zashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano. Rurasanga imihanire ye igomba gusanishwa n’iyakorewe Musanganyimpuhwe Félicien mu rubanza RPAA 00392/2023/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/06/2024, nawe waburanye ahakana icyaha kandi yarafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge bingana n’udupfunyika 70, uyu akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000, iki akaba aricyo gihano Uwamahoro Jeanne akwiye guhanishwa.

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[34] Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 , kuba Uwamahoro Jeanne ahanishijwe igifungo kiri hejuru y’imyaka itanu, isubikagihano asaba ntabwo rishoboka kuko rinyuranyije n’amategeko.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01207/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 31/08/2023, ruhindutse ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha n’ibihano. [36] Rwemeje ko Uwamahoro Jeanne ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [37] Rwemeje ko Uwamahoro Jeanne ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16 ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [38] Rutegetse ko Uwamahoro Jeanne asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

1 Isubika gihano rishobora gutangwa ku gihano kitarengeje imyaka 5 y’igifungo.