UWANTEGE v. NIYONSHUTI N’ABANDI

# UWANTEGE v. NIYONSHUTI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-19 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00043/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UWANTEGE v. NIYONSHUTI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00043/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 19 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ibirego byihutirwa – Ibarwa ry’ibihe by’ubujurire ku birego byihutirwa – Ibihe by’ubujurire ku birego by’ihutirwa bibarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi – Ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo bigaragaza ko aribwo buryo bwihariye bwo kubara ibyo bihe, kandi ikaba ari n’irengayobora ku ihame rusange riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 275 nayo y’iryo tegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwantege yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo na Access Bank (Rwanda) Ltd imuguriza amafaranga angana na 150 000 000 Frw nawe ayiha ingwate y’umutungo we utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI: 3/03/04/02/953 mu rwego rwo kwishingira kuzishyura iyo nguzanyo. Uwantege yananiwe kwishyura uwo mwenda bituma Banki isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru icyemezo cyo kugurishwa ingwate mu cyamunara, irabyemererwa uwo mutungo ugurwa n’uwitwa Nizeyimana Venant. Uwantege yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ariko ntiyasubizwa, aregera

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Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arega Nizeyimana Iddi Ibrahim (wagurishije ingwate), Access Bank, Nizeyimana Venant ndetse na RDB, asaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Uwantege atishimiye icyo cyemezo yarujuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa hirengagijwe ibikorwa by’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate byerekana ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no gusaba ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura abaregwa zivanwaho. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rubyibwirije rwabyukije ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Uwantege yaba atarajuriye impitagihe, impande zombi zijya impaka kuri icyo kibazo, urwo Rukiko rusanga Uwantege yarajuriye impitagihe rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Uwantege yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko yajuriye akerewe rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko mu kubara ibihe byo kujurira bibarwa mu minsi, umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho utabarwa, agasaba ko ayo makosa Urukiko rwakoze yakosorwa. Ku ruhande rw’abaregwa bavuga ko ubujurire bw’Uwantege budafite ishingiro kuko atabasha kugaragaza inenge asaba ko ikosorwa mu rubanza

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rujurirwa, akaba atavuguruza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi aho rwemeje ko ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa bibarwa hagendewe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 igika cya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, naho ingingo ya 275 nayo y’iryo tegeko ikaba ikoreshwa ku bujurire bw’ibirego bisanzwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ibihe by’ubujurire ku birego byihutirwa bibarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo bigaragaza ko aribwo buryo bwihariye bwo kubara ibyo bihe, kandi ikaba ari n’irengayobora ku ihame rusange riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 275 nayo y’iryo tegeko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 188, iya 260 n’iya 275. Imanza zifashishijwe: SOPROMETAL LTD v BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd n’undi, RCOMAA

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00031/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/08/2020. Ubushinjacyaha v Kantesi Odette n’undi, RPA 00020/2024/CA; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu mwaka wa 2021 Uwantege Louise yagiranye na ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd amasezerano y’iguriza, ahabwa inguzanyo ingana na 150.000.000 Frw nawe atanga ingwate y’umutungo we utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI : 3/03/04/02/953 mu rwego rwo kwishingira kuzishyura iyo nguzanyo. [2] Uwantege Louise ntiyishyuye iyo nguzanyo nk’uko yabisezeranye na ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd, bituma iyi banki isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate iragihabwa, maze uwitwa Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim washinzwe kugurisha iyo ngwate agurisha umutungo wavuzwe haruguru muri cyamunara yabaye ku wa 17/01/2024, wegukanwa na Nizeyimana Venant ku giciro kingana na 188.650.000 Frw. Nyuma y’iyo cyamunara, Uwantege Louise yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara mu ibaruwa ye yakiriwe n’Ibiro

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by’Umwanditsi Mukuru ku wa 23/01/2024, ariko ntiyasubizwa. [3] Nyuma y’aho Uwantege Louise yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arega Nizeyimana Iddi Ibrahim (uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate), ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd, Nizeyimana Venant n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iterambere (RDB), asaba ko cyamunara yavuzwe haruguru iteshwa agaciro kuko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 25 n’iya 27 z’Amabwiriza No 001/2020/ORG yo kuwa 12/05/2020 y’Umwanditsi Mukuru agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate, nk’uko yavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba atarashyikirijwe igenagaciro ry’umutungo wagurishijwe kimwe n’izindi mpapuro zirebana na cyamunara, kuba atarahujwe na system ikoreshwa mu guteza cyamunara imitungo, kuba cyamunara yarakozwe mu bwiru bigatuma umutungo we uteshwa agaciro ukagurishwa ku mafaranga macye cyane, kuba igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe atari iryo mu gihe cya cyamunara bikaba byaratumye umutungo ugurishwa ku giciro gito cyane, no kuba imihango yose ya cyamunara itarakorewe muri system ikoreshwa muri cyamunara. [4] Abaregwa bose bireguye bavuga ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko bityo ikaba idakwiriye guteshwa agaciro, banasaba guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka; Nizeyimana Venant anongeraho ikirego kigamije kwiregura, avuga ko atarashyikirizwa inzu yaguze mu cyamunara, ko kandi Uwantege Louise yagiye akura

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bimwe mu byubatse iyo nzu by’agaciro akabisimbuza ibindi bidafite agaciro, ko rero asaba gusubizwa ikiguzi yatanze nyir’umutungo akawusubirana ndetse agahabwa indishyi z’akababaro. RDB yo ntiyitabye Urukiko, urubanza ruburanishwa idahari kuko Urukiko rwasanze yarahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM 00774/2024/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/06/2024 rwasanze cyamunara yavuzwe haruguru yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko rushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba Uwantege Louise yaramenyeshejwe inyandiko zose zijyanye na cyamunara binyuze ku mwana we witwa Niyo Elie, kuba Uwantege Louise ari we wanze guhuzwa na system irangirizwamo imanza kuko yasabwe gutanga email kugira ngo bamuhuze nayo akabyanga; kuba Uwantege Louise yarahawe integuza na Banki mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa 02/2023, mu kwezi gukurikiyeho hagakorwa igenagaciro kandi akarimenyeshwa, akaba rero atavuga ko ritakozwe ku gihe kuko ryari ritaramara umwaka, kandi akaba yari afite uburenganzira bwo kurinyomoza. [6] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu rwemeje ko cyamunara idateshejwe agaciro, rutegeka Uwantege Louise kwishyura Nizeyimana Venant na Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka buri wese, no kwishyura ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] Uwantege Louise yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 28/06/2024 agamije kugaragaza ko mu icibwa ryarwo hirengagijwe ibikorwa

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by’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate byerekana ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no gusaba ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura abaregwa zivanwaho. Abaregwa (uretse RDB itaritabye Urukiko) bireguye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwantege Louise nta shingiro bufite, buri wese asaba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza, Nizeyimana Venant anatanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye n’agaciro k’ibikoresho Uwantege Louise yakuye ku nzu yaguze. [8] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaburanishije urubanza ku wa 12/07/2024 ababuranyi bose bahari uretse RDB ; Urukiko rubyibwirije rwabyukije ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Uwantege Louise yarajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kigibwaho impaka, Me Komezusenge Déogratias umuhagarariye avuga ko ubujurire bwakozwe hubahirijwe igihe cy’imisi itatu yo kujurira naho abaregwa bose bavuga ko ibihe byo kujurira bitubahirijwe. Urukiko rwemeza ko ruzasuzumira icyo kibazo hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi. [9] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00397/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17/07/2024, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uwantege Louise butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe; naho ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nizeyimana Venant butakiriwe uretse gusa ku birebana n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka, kuko n’ubujurire bw’ibanze (bwa Uwantege Louise) butakiriwe; rutegeka Uwantege Louise kwishyura abaregwa bose 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yiyongera kuyo bagenewe

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ku rwego rubanza, naho ku bireba Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim na ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) hakiyongeraho Plc 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza; ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Uwantege Louise yatanze ajurira, rwemeza ko aguma mu Isanduku ya Leta kuko ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [10] Uwantege Louise yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko yajuriye akerewe rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, agasaba uru Rukiko kubikosora. [11] Abaregwa bose (uretse RDB itarireguye ntinitabe Urukiko) bireguye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwantege Louise nta shingiro bufite, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko yajuriye akerewe. Ahubwo basaba ko ategekwa kubishyura amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. Nizeyimana Venant yasabye Urukiko gutegeka Uwantege Louise kumwishyura agaciro k’ibikoresho yakuye ku nzu nyuma y’uko igurishijwe, n’indishyi z’igihombo aterwa n’amafaranga y’ubukode akomeje kwishyura kandi yagombye kuba akoresha inzu ye yaguze. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 11/11/2024 Uwantege Louise ahagarariwe na Me Komezusenge Déogratias na Me Nuwagaba James, Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim yunganiwe na Me Kwizera Bernard, Nizeyimana Venant ahagarariwe na Me

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Rugwizangoga Samuel, ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste, RDB yaramenyeshejwe itariki y’iburanisha ariko ntiyiregura ntiyanitaba Urukiko nta n’impamvu itanze. [13] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza : a Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa mu kwemeza ko Uwantege Louise yajuriye akerewe ; b Kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nizeyimana c Venant bukwiriye kwakirwa ; d Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA - Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa mu kwemeza ko Uwantege Louise yajuriye akerewe [14] Abahagarariye Uwantege Louise mu myanzuro yabo no mu miburanire yabo bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa kuko yajuriye akerewe rwirengagije ko ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko Nº 22/218 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano,

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iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko mu kubara ibihe byo kujurira bibarwa mu minsi, umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho utabarwa. Bavuga kandi ko harebwe ubwuzuzanye bw’amategeko, ubujurire bwa Uwantege Louise bukwiriye kwakirwa hashingiwe no ku ngingo ya 52 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2028 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ngo kuko ari irengayobora ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 188 yavuzwe haruguru y’Itegeko Nº 22/218 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [15] Abahagarariye Uwantege Louise kandi bavuga ko n’urubanza RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rutagombaga gushingirwaho nk’urwatanze umurongo nk’uko byakozwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe, kuko umurongo urwo rubanza rwatanze wahinduwe n’urubanza RCOMAA 00090/2022/CA narwo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/10/2022, aho mu gika cyarwo cya 24 rwasobanuye ko umunsi urubanza rwasomeweho utabarwa, ko rero hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, itariki ya nyuma Uwantege Louise yari gutangiraho ubujurire bwe ari iya 28/06/2024 kandi akaba ari nako yabikoze, bityo bukaba bwaragombaga kwakirwa. [16] Abaregwa bose (uretse RDB itarireguye ntinitabe Urukiko) bireguye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwantege Louise nta shingiro bufite. Basobanura ko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa bibarwa hagendewe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 igika cya 2 y’Itegeko Nº

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22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, naho ingingo ya 275 nayo y’iryo tegeko ikaba ikoreshwa ku bujurire bw’ibirego bisanzwe, kandi mu bujurire bwe Uwantege Louise akaba atabasha kubivuguruza ngo agaragaze inenge asaba ko ikosorwa. Naho ku bijyanye n’urubanza RCOMAA 00090/2022/CA abahagarariye Uwantege Louise bavuga ko rwakuyeho umurongo washingiweho mu rubanza rwajuririwe, abaregwa bireguye bavuga ko atari ukuri ku mpamvu y’uko izo manza zombi zidahuje kamere, kuko mu rubanza RCOMAA 00090/2022/CA hasuzumwe ibijyanye n’ibarwa ry’ibihe byo kuregera Umwanditsi Mukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa mu kwemeza ko ubujurire Uwantege Louise yatanze ajuririra urubanza rwaciwe ku kirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara bwatanzwe impitagihe ku buryo butagombaga kwakirwa. [18] Ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, yerekeye ibijyanye no kujuririra ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa, mu gika cyayo cya kabiri igira iti: “(….) Igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi’’ (…).

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[19] Ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, yerekeye ibirego bisaba guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara, iteganya, mu gika cyayo cya 5, ko bene ibyo birego bitangwa kandi bikaburanishwa mu bihe by'ibirego byihutirwa. [20] Ingingo ya 275 nayo y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko, ku bihe bibarwa mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha, bibarwa umunsi ku munsi, n’isaha ku isaha hakurikijwe igihe bimara kandi umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho ntubarwamo, ahubwo habarwa umunsi wa nyuma kigomba kurangiriraho. [21] Ikibazo cy’ibarwa ry’ibihe byo kujuririra ibyemezo byafashwe n’Urukiko mu manza zerekeye ibirego bisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara n’uburyo ingingo ya 188, iya 260 n’iya 275 zavuzwe haruguru zigomba kumvikana, cyasuzumwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/08/2020 SOPROMETAL Ltd iburana na BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd N’UMWANDITSI MUKURU muri RDB. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasuzumye inzitizi yatanzwe na BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd isaba ko ubujurire bwa SOPROMETAL Ltd butakirwa kuko itubahirije igihe cy’iminsi itatu giteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, SOPROMETAL Ltd yo ikiregura ivuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko ibihe by’ubujurire bibarwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 275 n’iya 276 nazo z’iryo tegeko, kandi ko hakurikijwe ibyo izo ngingo ziteganya

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umunsi icyemezo kijuririrwa cyafatiweho utabarwa kimwe n’iminsi y’ikiruhuko. [22] Mu gusuzuma icyo kibazo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasesenguye ingingo ya 188, iya 260, igika cya 5, n’iya 275 zavuzwe haruguru, maze mu bika bya 16 - 19 by’urubanza RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusobanura ko: - Ingingo ya 260, igika cya gatanu (5), y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru yumvikanisha ko ibirego bisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara bisuzumwa n’inkiko mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa ; - Ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bikurikizwa cyangwa byubahirizwa iyo nta bundi buryo Umushingamategeko yateganyije bwerekana uko ibihe bivugwa mu itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano bigomba kubarwa; ko rero ibi byumvikanisha ko muri iyo ngingo Umushingamategeko yagaragaje ihame rusange rikurizwa mu kubara ibihe, ariko nk’uko bigaragara muri iryo Tegeko, hari igihe ashyiraho irengayobora kuri iyo ngingo y’imena (règle de droit substantielle), icyo gihe ibihe bikaba bibarwa uko bivugwa muri iyo ngingo yihariye igaragaza irengayobora; - Ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe

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haruguru ari irengayobora ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 275 yavuzwe haruguru, kuko iteganya ubundi buryo bwo kubara ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa, ariyo mpamvu by’umwihariko ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 188 bigomba gukurikizwa muri urwo rubanza (RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA). [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi rwasobanuye ko ku bireba urwo rubanza, hashingiwe ku biteganywa muri iyo ngingo ya 188 yavuzwe haruguru, igihe cyo kujurira cyagombaga gutangira kubarwa ku wa 9/1/2020, umunsi icyemezo cyasomeweho, iminsi itatu ikaba yaruzuye ku itariki ya 13, bivuze ko ariyo tariki SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd itagombaga kurenza kugira ngo ibe yubahirije ibihe byo kujurira, bityo ubujurire bwayo bwatanzwe ku wa 14/1/2020 bukaba butubahirije ibihe byateganyijwe ku birebana n’ubujurire bw’ibirego byihutirwa; ko rero inzitizi yari yatanzwe na BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd ifite ishingiro. [24] Ibijyanye n’ibihe byo kujuririra icyemezo cyafashwe ku kirego cyihutirwa kandi byasuzumwe mu rubanza RPA 00020/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Kantesi Odette na Kanyabugoyi Pascasie. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kantesi Odette ajuririra urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku kirego cyihutirwa yari yatanze asaba gutesha agaciro urubanza RS/RECT/RP 00001/2023/HC/KIG kuko ibyakozwe atari ukurukosora ahubwo ari ukwandika

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urubanza rushya rutandukanye n’urwa mbere, bwaratanzwe impitagihe bityo bukaba budakwiriye kwakirwa. [25] Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru yumvikanisha ko mu gihe urubanza rw’ikirego cyihutirwa rwaburanishijwe umuburanyi ahari, akijuririra mu minsi itarenze itatu y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ku munsi ku munsi kopi yacyo yashyizwe muri system ya IECMS, ni ukuvuga kuva ku munsi yakimenyeyeho; maze rushingira kuri ibyo bisobanuro rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Kantesi Odette butubahirije igihe cy’iminsi itatu giteganywa n’amategeko kuko urubanza RP 00016/2024/HC/KIG yajuririye rurebana n’ikirego cyihutirwa rwasomwe ku wa 21/5/2024, kopi yarwo ishyirwa muri system ya IECMS ku wa 22/5/2024 ari nawo munsi ibarwa ry’ibihe byo kujurira rigomba gutangiriraho, ariko we akaba yarajuriye ku wa 26/5/2024 mu gihe umunsi wa nyuma wo kujurira wari ku wa 24/05/2024, bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa. [26] Mu rubanza rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 188 n’iya 260 zavuzwe haruguru z’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rushingiye kandi ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwemeje, mu gika cya 28, ko Uwantege Louise yajuriye akerewe kuko

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atubahirije igihe cy’iminsi itatu ibarwa guhera 25/06/2024 kugeza ku wa 27/06/2024 nyamara we akaba yarajuriye ku wa 28/06/2024. [27] Uru Rukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe mu bika bya 21-26 by’uru rubanza, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Uwantege Louise yajuririye urwo rukiko akerewe, kuko nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza yajuririye icyemezo cyafashwe ku kirego yatanze asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru bene ibyo birego bikaba bisuzumwa mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa biburanishwa, ibyo bihe bikaba bigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko ari yo iteganya uburyo bwihariye bwo kubara ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa, ikaba irengayobora ku ihame rusange riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 275 nayo y’iryo tegeko; ibi n’urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rukaba ariko rwabikoze. [28] Urukiko rurasanga imiburanire y’abahagarariye Uwantege Louise y’uko umurongo washingiweho haruguru wahinduwe n’urubanza RCOMAA 00090/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/10/2022 Muhire Samuel n’abandi baburana na KIGALI BUSINESS CENTER Ltd (KBCLtd) nta shingiro ifite, kuko muri urwo rubanza hasuzumwe ibijyanye n’ibarwa ry’ibihe biteganyijwe mu Mabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru byo gusaba gutesha gutesha agaciro cyamunara, rukaba rero rutafatwa nk’urutanga

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umurongo ku kibazo cy’ibarwa ry’ibihe byo kujuririra urubanza rw’ikirego cyihutirwa. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kandi imiburanire y’abahagarariye Uwantege Louise y’uko harebwe ubwuzuzanye bw’amategeko, ubujurire bwe bukwiriye kwakirwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2028 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ngo kuko ari irengayobora ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko Nº 22/218 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, nta shingiro ifite kuko uretse no kuba iyo ngingo atari irengayobora ku ngingo ya 188 nk’uko babivuga kuko yo iteganya ibijyanye n’imanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ku rwego rw’ubujurire, nta n’aho ihuriye n’igisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ku buryo yashingirwaho. [30] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, ubujurire bwa Uwantege Louise muri uru rukiko bukaba nta shingiro bufite. - Kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nizeyimana Venant bufite ishingiro. [31] Nizeyimana Venant asaba Urukiko gutegeka Uwantege Louise kumwishyura 17.137.874 Frw y’agaciro k’ibikoresho byakuwe ku nzu yaguze kugira ngo ashobore kuyisubiza uko yari imeze, na 11.360.000 Frw y’indishyi z’igihombo aterwa n’amafaranga y’ubukode akomeje kwishyura kandi yagombye kuba akoresha inzu ye yaguze, ngo kuko ari we wareze asaba

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ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro kandi azi neza ko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [32] Uwantege Louise avuga ko ibisabwa na Nizeyimana Venant nta shingiro bifite kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira kandi akaba nta n’icyo yamwangirije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo ya 152 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura, kandi ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bukorwa n’uwarezwe mu bujurire bwerekeye ku wajuriye cyangwa ku bandi barezwe mu bujurire; ariko ko mu gihe ubujurire bw’ibanze butakiriwe, cyangwa bwasibwe, bitabuza ko uregwa mu ubujurire asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. [34] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko mu kwiregura kwe, uregwa mu bujurire ashobora kugira ibyo asaba uwajuriye cyangwa abandi baregwa mu bujurire, ko ariko mu gihe ubujurire bw’ibanze butakiriwe cyangwa bwasibwe, uregwa mu bujurire ashobora gusaba gusa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. [35] Indishyi Nizeyimana Venant asaba yari yazisabye no mu rubanza rwajuririwe Urukiko rwemeza ko

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ubujurire bwe bwuririye ku bundi butakiriwe kuko n’ubujurire bw’ibanze butakiriwe. Uru Rukiko rurasanga no kuri uru rwego hasuzumwe gusa ibijyanye no kumenya niba ubwo bujurire bw’ibanze bwa Uwantege Louise bwaragombaga kwakirwa, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru uru Rukiko rukaba rwasanze butaragombaga kwakirwa ; hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 152 yavuzwe haruguru, bityo rukaba rukaba ntaho rwahera rusuzuma izo ndishyi zishingiye ku byangijwe ku nzu no ku mafaranga y’ubukode, mu gihe ubujurire bw’ibanze butasuzumwe haba mu rubanza rwajuririwe haba no kuri uru rwego. [36] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nizeyimana Venant bukaba butakiriwe. - Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. [37] Abaregwa bose kuri uru rwego basabye ko Uwantege Louise ategekwa kubishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka: Nizeyimana Venant yasabye 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ; ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd na Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim basabye buri wese 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yiyongera kuyo bagenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe. [38] Abahagarariye Uwantege Louise bavuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya

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Avoka asabwa n’abaregwa nta shingiro afite kuko atari we wateje imanza ahubwo yareze kuko arengana, akaba asanga akwiriye kurenganurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Urukiko rurasanga Uwantege Louise ari we wajuriye muri uru Rukiko biba ngombwa ko abaregwa bakurikirana urubanza, banashaka aba Avoka bo kubaburanira, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite; bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 111 yibukijwe haruguru, Urukiko rukaba rugeneye Nizeyimana Venant, ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd na Niyonshuti Iddi Ibrahim, mu bushishozi bwarwo, 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese kuko ayo basaba batagaragaza ko ariyo yagiye ku rubanza koko.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uwantege Louise nta shingiro bufite. [42] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nizeyimana Venant butakiriwe. [43] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA 00397/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17/07/2024 idahindutse. [44] Rutegetse Uwantege Louise kwishyura ACCESS BANK (RWANDA) Ltd, NIYONSHUTI Iddi Ibrahim na Nizeyimana Venant, buri wese, amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [45] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza