UBUSHINJYACYAHA V UWAYEZU

# UBUSHINJYACYAHA V UWAYEZU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00131/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAYEZU Damien [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00131/2021/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 22 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko ryateganyije iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, mu gihe asanga ari bwo buryo bwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku kuba yarasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko ubwo yamujyanaga iwe kuva ku wa 02/05/2019 kugeza ku wa 03/05/2019, akamubwira ko amugira umugore. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kandi yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yari asanganywe imyitwarire myiza. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga ntaho rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza igihano. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko atishimiye igihano yahawe, kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa n’ubu akaba acyemera, ariko akaba yarahawe igihano kiremereye, asaba ko cyagabanywa akajya kwita ku mwana yabyaranye n’umukobwa bamurega gusambanya. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko uregwa yagabanyirijwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko rero ⁰ Umucamanza yamuhaye igihano akurikije amategeko, cyane cyane ingingo ya 133 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, kuko yahawe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko ryateganyije iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, mu gihe asanga ari bwo buryo bwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye, bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) uregwa yari yahanishijwe gisimbujwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). Ubujurire bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49,58 n’iya 60. Itegeko N 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ⁰ ⁰ riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya mbere. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v. Nzafashwanimana, RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020.

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Ubushinjcyaha v. Nsengiyaremye, RPAA 00384/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/10/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Shakabatenda; RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Barakagwira, RPAA 00205/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/11/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Dusabimana, RPAA 00174/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/03/2022. Ubushinjcyaha v. Habiyakare, RPAA 00013/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/12/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uwayezu Damien yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga buvuga ko yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko ubwo yamujyanaga iwe kuva ku wa 02/05/2019 kugeza ku wa 03/05/2019, akamubwira ko amugira umugore. Kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha, no mu Rukiko yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mukobwa kuko bari inshuti kandi akaba yari yaramubwiye ko afite imyaka 18. Yasabye imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yabeshywe n’uwo mukobwa. [2] Mu rubanza nº RP 00338/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 24/05/2019, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Uwayezu Damien, ku mvugo y’umukobwa yasambanyije no kuy’umubyeyi we ndetse no kuri raporo ya muganga, rusanga icyaha aregwa kimuhama, ko ariko iby’Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba baramaranye ijoro rimwe bitakwitwa ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore kuko byitwa gutyo iyo bamaranye igihe, bitwara bakanakora ibikorwa nk’iby’umugabo n’umugore babana kuko imibonano mpuzabitsina atari yo yonyine ishingirwaho kugira ngo abayikoranye bitwe ko babana nk’umugabo n’umugore. Rwasanze kandi kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [3] Uwayezu Damien yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kandi yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yari asanganwe imyitwarire myiza. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00494/2019/HC/NYZ ku wa 04/08/2020, rusanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana Uwayezu Damien yahamijwe ari icy’imyaka 20 kandi akaba ari cyo yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rukaba ntaho rwahera rwongera kukigabanya, naho ku birebana n’isubikagihano Uwayezu Damien yasabye, rusanga ritashoboka kubera igihano cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe.

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[5] Uwayezu Damien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko atishimiye igihano yahawe, kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa n’ubu akaba acyemera, ariko akaba yarahawe igihano kiremereye, asaba ko cyagabanywa akajya kwita ku mwana yabyaranye n’umukobwa bamurega gusambanya. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 07/07/2022, Uwayezu Damien yunganirwa na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba igihano cy’imyaka 20 Uwayezu Damien yahanishijwe cyagabanywa. [7] Uwayezu Damien avuga ko yajuriye kuko atishimiye igihano yahawe, ko yemera ko icyaha ashinjwa yagikoze kandi yacyemeye kuva afatwa kugeza n’ubu akaba acyemera, agasaba ko cyagabanywa akajya kwita ku mwana wavutse. [8] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier avuga ko uwo yunganira yemeye icyaha kuva yafatwa kugeza mu nkiko ndetse aranakicuza kandi bukaba bwari ubwa mbere agwa mu cyaha, ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasobanuye ko rutamugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko mu kugabanya igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi y’igihano gito Itegeko ryateganyirije icyaha cyakozwe, ariko rukaba rwarirengagije ko hari n’ingingo ya 49 y’iryo tegeko ivuga ibyo Umucamanza ashingiraho mu kugena igihano harimo uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka cyateye, impamvu zatumye gikorwa, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwe ; ko ku birebana na Uwayezu Damien, ari ubwa mbere agwa mu cyaha akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, ko yararanye n’uwo mukobwa ijoro rimwe kuko bafashwe bukeye bagiye kubibwira se bakaba kandi bari basanzwe bakundana bafite umugambi wo kuzabana dore ko umukobwa yari yegereje imyaka 18 y’amavuko, ko rero ibyo byose byagombaga kurebwa akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko nubwo hari ingingo ya 60 ivuga ko mu kugabanya igihano Umucamanza atajya munsi y’igihano gito itegeko ryateganyije, hatakwirengagizwa ko Umushingamategeko yanateganyije ibigomba gushingirwaho mu kugena igihano. [9] Avuga ko ibimaze kuvugwa binahuye n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019 aho rwemeje ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Umucamanza ashobora gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa cyateganyijwe, hakaba n’umurongo watanzwe n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, rwemeje ko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru idakwiye gukoreshwa kuko inyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwigenge bw’Umucamanza, maze rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku myaka 10, ko nawe asaba ko ari yo yahanishwa Uwayezu Damien.

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[10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwayezu Damien ko Urukiko Rukuru rutitaye ku kwemera kwe ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano nta shingiro bifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko n 68/2018 ryo ku wa ⁰ 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko rero iyo itaba inenge kuko Umucamanza yamuhaye igihano akurikije amategeko, cyane cyane ingingo ya 133 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, kuko yahawe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [11] Ku birebana n’imanza uwunganira Uwayezu Damien avuga, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko atazishyize muri dosiye ngo agaragaze ibyo zemeje anabihuze n’urubanza ruburanishwa, ko kandi ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru bitavanaho ko uwasambanyijwe yari akiri umwana, Uwayezu Damien akaba ataragombaga gukundana n’umwana kuko aba adashobora kwitekerereza, akaba rero atarashoboraga kugira icyo yemeza kirebana no kubana, ko no kuvuga ko bamaranye ijoro rimwe atari we byaturutseho ahubwo yafashwe ataramumarana igihe, no kuvuga ko yagabanyirizwa kugira ngo ajye kwita ku mwana wavutse, nta kigaragaza ko koko hari umwana yabyaranye n’umukobwa aregwa gusambanya nk’uko nta kigaragaza ko yajya kumwitaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ku byerekeye uburyo ibihano bitangwa, ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko n 69/2019 ryo ⁰ ku wa 08/11/2019 iteganya ko : “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. Naho ngingo ya 58 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa igateganya ko : ‘’Umucamanza ubwe niwe ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zihabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko’’. [13] Ku byerekeye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya mbere y’Itegeko N 69/2019 ryo ku ⁰ wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko n 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano ⁰ muri rusange iteganya ko :” Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha (…), igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi cyangwa ihazabu bishobora kugabanywa ariko ntibijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe’’. [14] Mu rubanza n RPAA 00032/2019/CA ⁰ 1 no mu zindi zitandukanye zaciwe nyuma yarwo2, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagiye rusobanura ko nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito Itegeko ryateganyije iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, mu gihe asanga ari bwo buryo bwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye. [15] Ku birebana na Uwayezu Damien, imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kandi 1 RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu. 2 Hari nk’imanza RPAA 00384/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjcyaha na Nsengiyaremye Jean Paul; RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu; RPAA 00205/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Barakagwira Gilbert; RPAA 00174/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/03/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabimana Vivens; RPAA 00013/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021 haburana Ubushinjcyaha na Habiyakare Olivier, n’izindi

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yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yari asanganwe imyitwarire myiza, urwo Rukiko rusanga ntaho rwahera rugabanya igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahawe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 Itegeko n 68/2018 ryo ku wa ⁰ 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko ivuga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza bihuye koko n’ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 60,2º y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yakurikizwaga urubanza rucibwa, inahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya mbere y’Itegeko n 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura iryo ⁰ Tegeko, ariko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 14 cy’uru rubanza, nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko ryateganyije iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, mu gihe asanga ari bwo uryo bwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 yavuzwe haruguru, bityo hejuru yo kuba Uwayezu Damien yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa, hakwitabwa no kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe yitwara nabi, bikaba binagaragara ko yibwiye ko ari mu rukundo n’umukobwa ariko yirengagiza ko yari akiri umwana nubwo haburaga amezi atatu ngo yuzuze imyaka y’ubukure, bityo izo mpamvu zikaba zituma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa kugera ku myaka icumi (10). [17] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Uwayezu Damien bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ikaba ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwayezu Damien bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro; [19] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Uwayezu Damien yari yahanishijwe gisimbujwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10); [20] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RPA 00494/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 04/08/2020 ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano; [21] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta kubera ko Uwayezu Damien afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.