UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAYISABA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAYISABA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-02-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00737/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAYISABA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00737/2021/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 16 Gashyantare 2022] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso bicukumbuye– Umucamanza agomba gusesengurana ubushishozi uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso, agahamya ushinjwa icyaha mu gihe gusa asanga nta wundi mwanzuro wagerwaho n’isesengura yakoze uretse iryo gusanisha uwakoze icyaha n’icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye abitwa Uwayisaba na Nyandwi ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi bwakorewe uwitwa Uwitije. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko Uwayisaba ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, naho kuri Nyandwi urukiko rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha. Uwayisaba yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta kimenyetso gifatika gishingiweho, ko nta mutangabuhamya wamushinje, ndetse ko nta n’iperereza ryimbitse ryakozwe yaba kuri we cyangwa ku baturage batuye hafi, no ku bayobozi, nyamara ngo hari uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa bagatahura uwakoze ubwicanyi, kuba bitarakozwe ngo akaba asanga urukiko rwarabogamye. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igumaho mu ngingo zarwo zose kuko ushinjwa atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha. Uwayisaba yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahawe ibihano biremereye kandi bidakwiriye kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha bidahagije, ko guhamagarana kuri telefoni bitagize ikimenyetso ko ari we wishe Uwitije, ko kandi atigeze yihisha kuko ntacyo yishinjaga ahubwo ko yagiye I Gisovu kuri gahunda yarasanganywe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko Urukiko rwasobanuye impamvu rwashingiyeho zigizwe no kuba Uwayisaba yaravuye iwe avuga ko agiye gusenga nyamara ntagereyo, akaba yarahamagaranye na Uwitije saa kumi za mu gitondo amubwira aho bahurira ngo bajye kwikorera sima, Uwitije akaza kuboneka ari umurambo naho undi yacikiye iwabo iGisovu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umucamanza agomba gusesengurana ubushishozi uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso, agahamya ushinjwa icyaha mu gihe gusa asanga nta wundi mwanzuro wagerwaho n’isesengura yakoze uretse iryo gusanisha uwakoze icyaha n’icyaha cyakozwe, bityo uregwa akaba adahamwa n’icyaha kubera gushidikanya. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 111. Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 108.

## Page 2

Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga: HENRI-D. Bosly et Damien VANDERMEERSCH, Droit de la Procédure Pénale, 2è éd.,La Charte, 2001, Bruxelles, Pp92-930. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine na Nyandwi Théogène icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bwakorewe UwitijeE Modeste taliki ya 11/12/2018. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00133/2019/TGI/KNG rwaciwe kuwa 31/10/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwemeje ko Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine 2 ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, naho Nyandwi Théogène agirwa umwere. [3] Mu kumuhamya icyaha, urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine ari we wahamagaranye bwa nyuma na Uwitije Modeste mu gitondo cya kare cyo kuwa 11/12/2018 avuga ko bagombaga guhura bakajya kwikorera isima, hanyuma Uwitije akaza kuboneka ari umurambo wajugunywe mu ishyamba, naho undi akigira iGisovu. [4] Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta kimenyetso gifatika gishingiweho, ko nta mutangabuhamya wamushinje, ko nta n’iperereza ryimbitse ryakozwe yaba kuri we cyangwa ku baturage batuye hafi, no ku bayobozi, nyamara ngo hari uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa bagatahura uwakoze ubwicanyi, kuba bitarakozwe ngo akaba asanga urukiko rwarabogamye. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00427/2019/HC/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 30/06/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igumaho mu ngingo zarwo zose kuko ushinjwa atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha. [6] Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahawe ibihano biremereye kandi bidakwiriye kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha bidahagije, ko guhamagarana kuri telefoni bitagize ikimenyetso ko ari we wishe Uwitije, ko kandi atigeze yihisha kuko ntacyo yishinjaga ahubwo ko yagiye iGisovu kuri gahunda yarasanganywe. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe kuwa 05/10/2022 Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yunganiwe na Me Rwabigwi Augustin naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Nyuma yo gusoza iburanisha, Urukiko rwasanze ari ngombwa guhamagaza Mukandinda Rahab na Nyandwi kugira ngo bagiire ibyo basobanuzwa, iburanisha ripfunduwe hitaba Mukandinda Rahab wasubiye gutanga ubuhamya bwe naho Nyandwi ntiyarwitaba; kuwa 28/11/2022 ababuranyi bisobanura ku buhamya bwa Mukandinda Rahab, iburanisha ripfundikirwa ababuranyi babwiwe ko urubanza ruzacibwa kuwa 16/12/2022.

## Page 3

[8] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba koko ishingiro ry’ikimenyetso cyo guhamagarana kuri telefoni n’icyo kuba Uwayisaba yaragiye iGisovu asize uwo bari bafitanye gahunda amaze gupfa. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA Kumenya niba Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku kimenyetso kidafite ireme cyo kuba yarahamagaranye na Uwitije Modeste [9] Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yajuriye avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bishingiweho, ko nta muntu n’umwe umushinja urupfu rwa Uwitije Modeste, ko guhamagarana na Uwitije bidasobanuye ko ari we wamwishe ahubwo ko yamubuze aho bari basezeranye guhurira agahita akomereza iGisovu nk’uko yarabifite muri gahunda. Yavuze ko nta bimenyetso bya gihanga byitabajwe nko gusuzuma amajwi, amashusho cyangwa ibikumwe, bityo ko asaba kugirwa umwere kuko ntacyo yapfaga na Uwitije byatuma amwica. Yavuze kandi ko, kuba yaratinze aho yari yagiye iGisovu aruko yagezeyo akarwara, ko aho agarukiye yagiye gusura 4 umuryango wa Uwitije ndetse ko yabafashije imirimo ku munsi wo gukura ikiriyo, ko iyo aza kuba hari icyo yikeka aba yaragumye iyo iGisovu cyangwa agahungira ahandi. [10] Me Rwabigwi umwunganira yavuze ko Urukiko rwahamije Uwayisaba icyaha rugenekereje ku buryo bunyuranye n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko kuba Uwayisaba yaribeshye agahakana ko atigeze avugana na Uwitije nyuma akaza kubyemera, bidakwiye gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimuhamya icyaha. [11] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 39 cy’urubanza rwaciye, rwasobanuye impamvu rwashingiyeho zigizwe no kuba Uwayisaba wavuye iwe avuga ko agiye gusenga nyamara ntagereyo, akaba yarahamagaranye na Uwitije saa kumi za mu gitondo amubwira aho bahurira ngo bajye kwikorera sima, Uwitije akaza kuboneka ari umurambo naho undi yacikiye iwabo iGisovu, n’igihe agarukiye ntagere kwa Uwitije kandi ari we bagiranye gahunda ya nyuma mbere yuko yicwa, ko guhakana ko bavuganye bitatewe no kwibeshya ahubwo uyu yangaga ko bimenyekana ko bavuganye, ibi akaba yarabyemejwe na “historique” ya Airtel-Tigo, bityo ko nta kugenekereza kuri mu bimenyetso byashingiweho. [12] Mukandinda Rahab, umugore wa Uwitije Modeste yabajijwe niba koko Uwayisaba Habimana yarageze iwe nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we, asubiza ko yahageze ku munsi wo gusoza ikiriyo kandi ko yabafashije imirimo abisabwe n’umuvandimwe wa Uwitije, abajijwe intera iri aho umurambo wabonetse n’aho atuye ndetse n’aho Uwayisaba atuye asubiza ko ari hagati kandi ko kuva iwe ujya kwa Uwayisaba harimo urugendo rw’amaguru rw’iminota 15. Yabajijwe niba hari andi makuru yatanzwe arebana n’uruhare rwa Uwayisaba mu rupfu rwa Uwitije, avuga ko ntayo, ko nyamara uyu yabazwa impamvu ki yagiye iGisovu atujuje gahunda 5 yari afitanye na Uwitije kandi ntagaruke ngo arebe icyatumye uwo bari bafitanye gahunda atabonetse. Yavuze kandi ko uyu yafashwe no kuba ari we wa nyuma wavuganye na Uwitije mbere y’uko apfa. [13] Mu kwisobanura kuri izi mvugo, Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine n’umwunganira bavuze ko, ntacyo imvugo za Mukandinda zongera ku bimenyetso bishinja, ko kuvugana kuri telefoni ku bantu bari bararanye gahunda imwe bidakwiye gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimushinja urupfu rwa

## Page 4

Uwitije kandi ko nta kintu na kimwe bapfaga. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwavuze ko ibyo Mukandinda yavugiye mu Rukiko bimeze nk’ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kandi ko nta yandi makuru yari kumenya kuko Uwitije yishwe mu museke nta muntu uri hafi washoboraga gutahura abicanyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko “Ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe no gusesengura urubanza ni ibimenyetso bitacukumbuwe n’amategeko, bicukumburwa n’ubwenge n’ubushishozi bw’abacamanza. Abacamanza bagomba kwemera gusa ibyo bimenyetso iyo bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje”. [15] Urukiko rurasanga, ikimenyetso cyashingiweho mu guhamya Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine icyaha cyo kwica Uwitije Modeste aruko ari we bahamagaranye bwa nyuma kuwa 11/12/2018, uyu nawe akaba yemera ko bahamagaranye kuri gahunda yo kujya kumwikorerera sima ariko ngo bakaba batarahuriye aho bari basezeranye guhurira. Rurasanga kandi, kuba Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yarabanje guhakana ko atigeze ahamagara Uwitije kuri telefoni kuwa 11/12/2018 no kuba yaratinze 6 gusura umuryango nyuma y’urupfu rwa Uwitije, Urukiko Rukuru rwarabifashe nk’ibimenyetso bishyigikira ko ari we wamwishe. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, kugira ngo umucamanza afate icyemezo gihamya icyaha, agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bihamya nta gushidikanya (preuves à conviction au-delà de tout doute raisonnable) ko ushinjwa ariwe wakoze icyaha, ibimenyetso bicukumbuye bikaba bigomba kuba bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje, nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 108 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, abahanga mu mategeko bahuriza ku ihame ry’uko umucamanza agomba gusesengurana ubushishozi uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso, agahamya ushinjwa icyaha mu gihe gusa asanga nta wundi mwanzuro wagerwaho n’isesengura yakoze uretse iryo gusanisha uwakoze icyaha n’icyaha cyakozwe. Ibivuzwe muri iki gika n’ibyo bisobanurwa na Henri-D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch mu gitabo cyabo “Droit de la Procédure Pénale”1. [18] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho ari impamvu zatuma Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine akekwaho urupfu rwa Uwitije Modeste ariko zikaba zitihagije ubwazo kugira ngo Urukiko ruhamye nta shiti ko ari we wamwishe. Byaba ari ukugenekereza, Urukiko ruramutse rushingiye gusa ku kuba Uwayisaba Habimana yarahamagaye Uwitije kuri telefoni cyangwa kuba yaratinze gusura umuryango wa Uwitije, hanyuma ngo rwemeze ko ahamwa n’urupfu rwa Uwitije. Rurasanga guhamagarana bwa nyuma, mbere yuko Uwitije apfa 1 Henri -D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de la Procédure Pénale, 2è éd., La Charte, 2001, Bruxelles, Pp92-930. “Le juge ne peut déclarer un prévenu coupable que s’il a acquis l’intime conviction de sa culpabilité audelà de tout doute raisonnable sur la base d’éléments de preuve qui lui ont été régulièrement produits et soumis à la contradiction et qu’il apprécie souverainement. (…) Certes, la jurisprudence n’interdit pas au juge de tirer une preuve d’un ensemble d’éléments convergents, meme si ces éléments pris isolément ne fournissent pas une certitude suffisante. Mais encore faut-il s’assurer que ce résultat n’est atteint qu’au terme d’un raisonnement rigoureux basé sur la logique du raisonnable. En tout état de cause, le juge ne peut déclarer une personne coupable que s’il considère que la preuve de sa culpabilité a été rapportée au-delà de tout doute raisonnable.

## Page 5

n’igikorwa cyo kumwica, harimo isano rya kure ridashobora kwemeza umucamanza guhana ushinjwa. [19] Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rutarubahirije ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko isesengura ry’ikimenyetso cyo guhamagarana hagati ya Habimana Uwayisaba Antoine na Uwitije Modeste n’icyo kuba Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine yarasuye umuryango wa Uwitije akerewe riterekana isano rya hafi n’igikorwa kigize icyaha ku buryo bwavanaho ugushidikanya kose k’umucamanza ufata icyemezo cyo guhana. [20] Urukiko, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa, rurasanga Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine agomba kugirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo kwica Uwitije Modeste kubera gushidikanya ku kimenyetso cyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine bufite ishingiro. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00427/2019/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kuwa 30/06/2021, ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [23] Rwemeje ko Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine agizwe umwere ku cyaha cyo kwica Uwitije Modeste. [24] Rutegetse ko Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine ahita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa. [25] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.