UWERA SAUDA v. BPR Ltd

# UWERA SAUDA v. BPR Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-12-05 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0117/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UWERA SAUDA v. BPR Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0117/12/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Rugabirwa na Munyangeri, J.) 05/12/2014] Amategeko agenga amasosiyete – amasezerano y’inguzanyo – Ububasha bwo kurega – Banki yahinduwe ubwoko n’imiterere yayo ifite uburenganzira bwo kuregera inguzanyo zatanzwe itarahinduka kuko itavanyweho, ahubwo yiswe ukundi, Itegeko nº 07/2009 ryo ku wa 27/04/2009 ry’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 8,381,385, Itegeko n° 06/1988 ryo kuwa 12/02/ 1988 ritunganya amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Inyungu z’ubukererwe – Ibarwa ry’inyungu z’ubukererwe rihera ku itangwa ry’ikirego mu gihe hatabaye kwihanangirizwa, zigomba gutangira kubarwa kuva itariki ikirego cyatangiweho kugeza urubanza rusomwe, Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ingingo ya 144, Itegeko ryo kuwa 10/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 447n’iya 480. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sibomana Mahome yafashe umwenda muri BPR Ltd ungana na 57.812. 294 Frws, wishingirwa na Uwera Saouda umugore we. Uyu mwenda ntiwishyuwe nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano maze BPR Ltd irega Uwera Saouda na Sibomana Mahome mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kwishyurwa umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo. Abaregwa nabo batanga inzitizi bavuga ko ikirego cya BPR Ltd kitagomba kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha ifite bavuga ko inguzanyo bayihawe na BPR SA atari BPR Ltd. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya BPR Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Uwera n’umugabo bagomba kwishyura BPR Ltd amafaranga angana na 78.658.979 Frws akubiyemo umwenda remezo hamwe n’inyungu zisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe. Uwera Saouda na Sibomana Mahome bajurire mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko rwirengagije ko umwenda watanzwe na BPR SA atari BPR Ltd. Uburanira Uwera Saouda n’umugabo we avuga ko aba bajuririye kubera ko umucamanza aho icyemezo cye gishingiye yica amategeko kuko umwenda watanzwe na BPR SA atari BPR Ltd, ko rero amasezerano yakozwe hagati ya BPR SA na Uwera Saouda ntaho ahuriye na BPR Ltd. Uburanira BPR Ltd we avuga ko umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho aruko itegeko ryerekeye ama sosiyete y’ubucuruzi isaba ama sosiyete yose kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe ubwoko bushya bw’ama sosiyete, avuga ko ayo ma sosiyete atigeze avanwaho, bityo na BPR S.A ikaba yarahindutse BPR Ltd kubera ko ubwoko bwa Société anonyme budateganyijwe n’itegeko, bityo BPR S.A ikaba itaravanyweho ahubwo icyahindutse ari ubwoko bwayo ikaba yarabaye BPR Ltd, avuga ko nyuma yo guhuza amashami n’udushami twa BPR SA habayeho dissolution sans liquidation. Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Uwera Saouda hamwe na Sibomana Mahome, Uhagarariye BPR Ltd avuga ko abaregwa bajuririye bagamije gutinza urubanza gusa, avuga ko urukiko rwabategetse kwishyura BPR Ltd bafatanyije amafaranga yose hamwe anagana na 109. 336.997 Frws.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba BPR SA itaravanyweho ahubwo ubwoko n’imiterere byayo aribyo byahindutse, ikitwa BPR Ltd kubera ko ubwoko bwa sosiyete y’abataziranye (société anonyme) yabarizwagamo mu itegeko ryariho, bwari bumaze gukurwa mu itegeko rishya, BPR Ltd yari ifite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kuregera imyenda yatanzwe na BPR S.A. 2. Hashingiwe ku bitekerezo by’umuhanga, Ibarwa ry’inyungu z’ubukererwe rihera ku itangwa ry’ikirego mu gihe hatabaye kwihanangirizwa, zigomba gutangira kubarwa kuva itariki ikirego cyatangiweho mu Rukiko kugeza urubanza rusomwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kubareze. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ingingo ya 144, Itegeko nº 07/2009 ryo ku wa 27/04/2009 ry’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 8,381,385, Itegeko n° 06/1988 ryo kuwa 12 Gashyantare 1988 ritunganya amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi, Itegeko ryo kuwa 10/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 447 n’iya 480. Nta manza zifashishijwe Ibitekerezo by’Abahanga GASASIRA Ephrem “Procédure Civile et Commerciale, 1993, page 27“, aho avuga ko ku byerekeye aho bahera babara inyungu z’ubukererwe, bahera ku itangwa ry’ikirego mu gihe hatabaye kwihanangirizwa( mise en demeure)1 . Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ivuga ko SIBOMANA Mahome yafashe umwenda muri iyo Banki ungana na 57.812.294 Frw, umwenda wishingiwe na UWERA Sauda umugore we ariko uyu mwenda utishyuwe nk’uko bari babyumvikanyeho mu masezerano y’inguzanyo bagiranye ku wa 25/8/2008 . [2] Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda nyuma yo kubona ko umwenda utishyuwe yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kwishyurwa umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo, muri uru rubanza abaregwa aribo UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome batanze inzitizi bavuga ko inguzanyo bayihawe na BPR S.A ko atari BPR Ltd, ko kubera iyo mpamvu ikirego cyayo kitagomba kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha ifite bwo kurega. 1 La demande en justice fait courir les intérêts moratoires car elle vaut mise en demeure

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[3] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya BPR Ltd gifite ishingiro ko abaregwa batsinzwe, rubategeka kwishyura BPR Ltd 78.658.979 Frw akubiyemo umwenda remezo , inyungu zisanzwe, inyungu z’ubukererwe, rubategeka kandi kwishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka bingana na 500.000 Frw . [4] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gusobanura icyemezo cyarwo ku bijyanye n’inzitizi rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 385 y’itegeko nº 07/2009 ryo ku wa 27/04/2009 ryerekeye amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi isaba amasosiyete yose kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe ubwoko bushya bw’amasosiyete mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri, ko kandi ayo masosiyete atigeze avanwaho, bityo na BPR S.A ikaba yarahindutse BPR Ltd kubera ko ubwoko bwa Société anonyme budateganyijwe n’itegeko, bityo BPR S.A ikaba itaravanyweho ahubwo icyahindutse ari ubwoko bwayo ikaba yarabaye BPR Ltd. [5] Ku bijyanye n’umwenda Urukiko rwasanze SIBOMANA Mahome yarafashe umwenda mu cyahoze ari BPR S.A ubu yabaye BPR Ltd ungana na 57.812.294 Frw , ubu inyungu zawo zikaba zingana na 18.129.508 Frw, inyungu z’ubukererwe za 2.717.177 Frw hakurikijwe amasezerano y’igurizwa yo ku wa 25/08/2008, ayo mafaranga bakaba bagomba kuyishyura hiyongeyeho 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy‘Avoka. [6] UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome ntibishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko bajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko urukiko rutasobanuye aho rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo, ko kandi rwirengagije ko umwenda watanzwe na BPR S.A atari B.P.R Ltd irimo kurega, ko rero B.P.R Ltd nta bubasha n’ubushobozi yari ifite bwo kuregera imyenda yatanzwe na B.P.R S.A. [7] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 07/10/2014, kuri iyi tariki UWERA Sauda ntiyitabye, Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza rwimuriwe ku wa 04/11/2014 kugira ngo ababuranyi bazahamagazwe byemewe n’amategeko, kuri iyi tariki hitabye B.P.R Ltd iburanirwa na Me NTAGANDA KABARE Festo naho UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome bajuriye, batitabye ariko barahamagawe mu buryo byemewe n’amategeko. [8] Me NTAGANDA KABARE Festo yasabye ko urubanza rwaburanishwa mu mizi badahari rugafatwa nkaho rwaburanishijwe bahari, Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 57 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rufata icyemezo cyo kuruburanisha badahari. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda (BPR Ltd) idafite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kuregera imyenda yatanzwe na B.P.R S.A [9] Mu myazuro ye, Me BUGONDO Natacha waburaniraga UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome avuga ko impamvu zatumye abo yunganira bajurira ari uko umucamanza atasobanuye aho icyemezo cye gishingiye (absence de motivation) no kuba umucamanza yarishe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 y’itegeko ry‘ ibimenyetso mu manza kubijyanye no guha agaciro ibimenyetso by’urega, ko kandi umucamanza yirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo

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n’iz’ubutegetsi, kuko umwenda watanzwe na BPR S.A atari BPR Ltd yawutanze, ko rero amasezerano yakozwe hagati ya B.P.R S.A na UWERA Sauda ntaho ahuriye na B.P.R Ltd. [10] Me NTAGANDA KABARE Festo uburanira B.P.R Ltd we avuga ko umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho aca urubanza nk’uko bigaragara mu ncarubanza ndetse n’amategeko yashingiyeho yarayasobanuye, ko ubujurire bwa UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome nta shingiro bufite hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 351 na 352 z’itegeko rigenga amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda, B.P.R Ltd ikaba yarahise yubahiriza ibyo yasabwaga ndetse inahabwa icyemezo na RDB kigaragaza ko yiyandikishije ubu ikaba yujuje ibyo yasabwaga n’amategeko mashya. [11] Akomeza avuga ko RDB yatanze icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha ko kandi Urukiko rugize impungenge rwashingira ku rubanza NºRCOMAA007/12/CS rwa MUGENZI David aburana na BPR Ltd, ishami rya Remera rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, iki kibazo UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome bavuga rukaba rwaragifasheho icyemezo aho rwemeje ko nyuma yo guhuza amashami n’udushami habayeho „Dissolution sans liquidation“. [12] Ko habayeho gukomeza imikorere, BPR S.A ikaba itaravuyeho ahubwo icyabayeho ari uguhindura imikorere yayo igahuzwa n’itegeko rishya, iryo tegeko rikaba ritavuga ko sosiyete zariho mbere y’uko itegeko risohoka zivuyeho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Urukiko rurasanga Itegeko nº 06/1988 ryo ku wa 12/02/1988 ryerekeye imitunganyirize y‘amasosiyete y‘ubucuruzi, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2, ryateganyaga ubwoko bune(4) bwa sosiyete: - isosiyete y’abakorera ku izina rusange (société en nom collectif) - isosiyete y’abatuma n’abatumwa (société en commandite) - isosiyete ku bwishingire buhinnye (société à résponsabilité limitée) - isosiyete y’abataziranye (société anonyme) [14] Urukiko rurasanga Itegeko rishya nº 07/2009 ryo ku wa 27/04/2009 ry’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 8, ryaravanyeho ubwoko bwa sosiyete y’abataziranye (société anonyme) ribusimbuza isosiyete ku bwishingire buhinnye (société à résponsabilité limitée), kandi rinateganya uko bizagenda amasosiyete asohoka mu itegeko ryariho yinjira mu itegeko rishya. [15] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ari muri urwo rwego, Itegeko nº 07/2009 ryo ku wa 27/04/2009 ry’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 385, ryasabye amasosiyete yariho mbere y’uko risohoka, gukurikiza ibiteganywa naryo nko kwiyandikisha hakurikijwe ubwoko bushya bw’amasosiyete mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri. [16] Ingingo ya 381 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, ivuga ko:”Isosiyete iyo ariyo yose yanditswe hakurikijwe itegeko rivanyweho igomba gufatwa nk’aho yanditswe hakurikijwe iri tegeko kandi

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rigomba gukurikizwa kuri iyo sosiyete, kandi ugushingira, uko ariko kose kuri iri tegeko ku buryo butavuzwe cyangwa buvuzwe, kwerekeranye n itariki yo kwiyandikisha kw’iyo sosiyete, ‟ kugomba gufatwa nk’ugushingira ku itariki isosiyete yiyandikishijeho hakurikijwe Itegeko n° 06/1988 ryo kuwa 12 Gashyantare 1988 ritunganya amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi”. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ruhereye kuri izo ngingo, itegeko rishya ryaje rihindura ubwoko n’imiterere ya za sosiyete zagengwaga n’itegeko ryariho, ariko ntiryazivanyeho, zakomeje gukora imirimo zakoraga. [18] Urukiko rurasanga ku byerekeranye n’uru rubanza, kandi nkuko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, BPR S.A. itaravanyweho, ahubwo ubwoko n’imiterere byayo aribyo byahindutse, ihinduka BPR Ltd kubera ko ubwoko bwa sosiyete y’abataziranye (société anonyme) yabarizwagamo mu itegeko ryariho, bwari bumaze gukurwa mu itegeko rishya. [19] Urukiko rurasanga rushingiye ku bimaze kuvugwa, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda (BPR Ltd) yari ifite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kuregera imyenda yatanzwe na BPR S.A, bityo ubujurire bwa UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome bukaba nta shingiro bufite. Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’ubujurire bwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bwuririye ku bwa UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome . [20] Me NTAGANDA KABARE Festo Uburanira Banki y’Abaturage (BPR Ltd) avuga ko UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome bajuriye bagamije gutinza urubanza gusa , ko Urukiko rwabategeka kwishyura bafatanyije BPR Ltd umwenda wose ubu ugeze kuri 109.336.997 Frw ugizwe n’umwenda remezo ungana na 57.812.294 Frw, inyungu z’ubukererwe ku kigero cya 4% ku mwaka, inyungu zisanzwe ku kigero cya 14% ku mwaka zibazwe kugera urubanza rusomwe, „intérêts radiés“ zingana na 18.129.508 Frw igihembo cy’Avoka n‘ikurikiranarubanza angana na 5.000.000 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 480 y’Igitabo cya Gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano iteganya ko:« ingano y’inyungu ikomoka ku masezerano ishyirwaho ku bwumvikane bw’abayagiranye, kubitangira ibimenyetso bikurikiza amategeko asanzwe ». Naho ingingo ya 144 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko « Iyo kwica amasezerano birebana no kutishyura amafaranga cyangwa kudakora igisabwa gishobora kubarwa mu mafaranga azwi cyangwa ashobora kumenyekana, inyungu zibarwa uhereye igihe igisabwa cyagombaga gukorwa hakuwemo ibyo uruhande rwishe amasezerano rufiteho uburenganzira. » [22] Kubirebana n’inyungu z’umwenda UWERA Sauda yafashe muri BPR S.A ubu yahindutse B.P.R Ltd ungana na 57.812.294 Frw, Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 144 y’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru, ayo mafaranga yose atarishyuriwe igihe cyari cyumvikanyweho, akaba agomba gutangirwa inyungu zituruka kuri ubwo bukererwe zingana na 4% ku mwaka, n’inyungu zisanzwe zingana na 14% ku mwaka hakurikijwe amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye.

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[23] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo ngingo, inyungu zisanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga UWERA Sauda afatanyije na SIBOMANA Mahome bagomba kwishyura inyungu zibariwe kuri 14% zibazwe kuva ku wa 25/08/2008 kugeza kuwa 05/12/2014 aribyo bingana n’ amezi 75, inyungu zikaba zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira : 57.812.294x14/100=8.093.721 ku mwaka cyangwa 674.477 ku kwezi, bivuze ko inyungu zisanzwe ari 674.477x75=50.585.775 Frw. [24] Ingingo ya 447 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano ivuga ko: “Iyo uwagurijwe atishyuye ibintu yagurijwe cyangwa igiciro gihwanye nabyo mu gihe cyateganyijwe, agomba kubitangira inyungu zibarwa bahereye ku munsi ikirego cyatangiweho mu rukiko ». [25] Urukiko rurasanga ibiteganyijwe n’iyi ngingo bihura n’ibyo umuhanga mu by’amategeko GASASIRA Ephrem mu gitabo cye “Procédure Civile et Commerciale, 1993, page 27, aho avuga ko ku byerekeye aho bahera babara inyungu z’ubukererwe, bahera ku itangwa ry’ikirego mu gihe hatabaye kwihanangirizwa( mise en demeure)2 [26] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga inyungu z’ubukererwe zigomba gutangira kubarwa kuva ku wa 12/09/2011 itariki ikirego cyatangiweho mu Rukiko Rukuru, kugeza urubanza rusomwe ni ukuvuga kugeza kuwa 05/12/2014 aribyo bingana n’ amezi 38 ahwanye na 57.812.294x4/100=2.312.491Frw ku mwaka cyangwa 192.708 Frw ku kwezi, bivuze ko inyungu z’ubukererwe ari 192.708 Frwx38=7.322.890 Frw. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’izindi nyungu (intérêts radiés) Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda isaba itazihabwa kubera ko idasobanura ishingiro ryazo mu rwego rw’amategeko, ikaba kandi yahawe inyungu z’ubukererwe zibazwe kugeza urubanza rusomwe, byongeye kandi, no mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye bikaba ntaho biteganyijwe ko ugurijwe azacibwa izindi nyungu zirenze izisanzwe n’iz’ubukererwe mu gihe azaba arengeje amezi 12 atishyura nk’uko uburanira BPR Ltd abivuga, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo3, ibyo asaba nta shingiro bifite. [28] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka, Urukiko rurasanga BPR Ltd iyakwiye kuko yunganiwe kandi hakaba hari n’ibyo yatakaje ikurikirana urubanza, rukaba ruyigeneye mu bushishozi bwayo 800.000 Frw yose hamwe agomba kwiyongera ku mafaranga yari yahawe mu Rukiko rubanza kuko ayo isaba ari ikirenga. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome nta shingiro bufite; [30] Rutegetse UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome gufatanya kwishyura Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda Ltd umwenda remezo ungana na 57.812.924 Frw, inyungu zisanzwe 2 La demande en justice fait courir les intérêts moratoires car elle vaut mise en demeure 3 Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana

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zingana na 50.585.775 Frw, inyungu z’ubukererwe 7.322.890 Frw, indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka zingana na 800.000Frw kuri uru rwego na 500.000 Frw yagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yose hamwe akaba 117.021.592 Frw [31] Rutegetse UWERA Sauda na SIBOMANA Mahome gufatanya kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza.