UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA00857/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00857/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi Uwimana wafatanywe udupfunyika 500 tw’urumogi agiye kurugurisha Kabagire na we wafatanwe ibiti by’urumogi bihinze iwe mu rugo, ndetse na Twizeyimana wafatanwe ibiro bibiri (2kg) by’urumogi. Bwabasabiye guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (urumogi), bagahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uwimana yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ariko avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yaruhawe na Kabagire waburanye avuga ko yafashwe n’abantu bari kumwe n’Uwimana bagera iwe bakamushinja ibiti by’urumogi, nyamara nta kigaragaza ko ariwe wabihinze. Twizerimana we yaburanye ahakana icyaha asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze. Mu uguca urubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko Uwimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Kuri Kabagire, Urukiko rwasanze nta kimenyetso kidashidikanywaho cyakwemeza ko ibiti byabonetse mu gikoni cye ari urumogi koko, kandi ko nta gihamya cyemeza ko uyu ari we wabiteye. Naho Twizerimana Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 2. Uwimana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwashyigikiye ubusabe bwe, maze bumusabira kuba yagabanyirizwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 no gutanga ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’amategeko ndetse no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Uregwa yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko kuva yafatwa yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho no kugisabira imbabazi, asaba no gusubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye kurera umwana we utagira kirengera. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri ubu bujurire bw’Uregwa, buvuga ko nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse ahanishwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, bityo yagumishwa ku bihano yahawe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2 n’iya 3.

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Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana rwaciwe ‘Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 05/06/2021 Uwimana Emmanuel yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 500 tw’urumogi agiye kurugurisha, uwitwa Kabagire Jildas afatanwa ibiti by’urumogi bihinzwe iwe mu rugo uwitwa Twizeyimana Fabien afatanwa ibiro bibiri (2kg) by’urumogi. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwaregeye Uwimana Emmanuel, Kabagire Jildas na Twizeyimana Fabien Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Uwimana yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yaruhawe na Kabagire Jildas; uyu we aburana avuga ko yahuye n’abantu bari kumwe na Uwimana bakamufata, bamugejeje iwe bamushinja ibiti by’urumogi nyamara nta kigaragaza ko ari urumogi, ko kandi n’iyo byaba byo, atabiryozwa kuko aho byabonetse mu gikoni cyo hanze ari ahantu hadakingwa hashobora kugerwa n’uwo ari we wese, ko rero adakwiye guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza urumogi. [4] Twizeyimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko atigeze atwaza urumogi Hafashimana, ko bahuye, hanyuma akabona arirutse ajugunye ibintu hasi abashinzwe umutekano bakabifata bagasanga ari ibiro bibiri (2kg) by’urumogi nawe agira ubwoba ashaka kwiruka kubera ko nta ndangamuntu yari afite, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze. [5] Mu rubanza RP00622/2021/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 09/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Uwimana Emmanuel, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi afatanwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [6] Urukiko rwasanze nta kimenyetso kidashidikanywaho cyakwemeza ko ibiti byabonetse mu gikoni cya Kabagire Jildas ari urumogi koko, kuko nta bugenzuzi byakorewe, ko kandi nta gihamya ko uyu ari we wabiteye. [7] Urukiko rwasanze Twizeyimana Fabien ariwe wari utwaye urumogi rwa Hafashimana wari urugemuriye Kabagire Jildas, rusanga nyamara nta kimenyetso kirwemeza ko yari mu mugambi umwe na Hafashimana ariyo mpamvu yahaniwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 2. [8] Uwimana Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye ko rwamuhanishije ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa, asaba

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kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwashyigikiye ubusabe bwa Uwimana Emmanuel, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [9] Mu rubanza RPA00087/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 16/08/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku kuba Uwimana Emmanuel aburana yemera icyaha, birebewe hamwe n’ ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 15 no gutanga ihazabu ya 5.000.100Frw. [10] Uwimana Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA01356/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/7/2025 yunganiwe na Me Madamu Pascasie naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [11] Uwimana Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije kuko kuva yafatwa yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha, asaba no gusubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye kurera umwana we utagira kirengera. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwimana Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse ahanishwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe. [13] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Uwimana Emmanuel bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Uwimana Emmanuel yarahanishijwe ibihano bihanitse ku buryo yakwongera kugabanyirizwa [14] Uwimana Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije kuko kuva yafatwa atigeze agora ubutabera ahubwo yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho no kugisabira imbabazi. Asaba no gusubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye kurera umwana we utagira kirengera kuko umugore babanaga ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko yabonye amaze gukatirwa, asigira uwo mwana nyirakuru nawe utishoboye, arigendera. [15] Me Madamu Pascasie wunganira Uwimana Emmanuel, mu mwanzuro we yavuze ko uwo yunganira yemeye icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi agahakana icyo kurucuruza kuko ntawigeze amufata arugurisha bityo ko yahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge; mu iburanisha Me Madamu yabajijwe uburyo anyuranya n’uwo yunganira ku birebana n’icyaha ushinjwa yemeye, asubiza ko hakurikizwa imiburanire ya Uwimana Emmanuel. [16] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa UWIMANA Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse ahanishwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe bityo yagumishwa ku bihano yahawe. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, Ubushinjacyaha busanga ushinjwa atagomba kurihabwa kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kirenze imyaka 05 iteganywa mu ngingo ya 3, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1.

1Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5 (…).

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Uwimana Emmanuel yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [18] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho mu gace ka (d) iyi ngingo ikavuga ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [19] Mu rubanza RPA00087/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuwa 16/08/2024, Urukiko rwasanze kuba Uwimana Emmanuel yemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha aregwa cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye kandi aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko, byamubera impamvu zituma agabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.100; ibi kandi rubishingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [20] Mu mwanzuro we no mu miburanire ye, uretse gusaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano , Uwimana Emmanuel ntavuga Itegeko ryashingirwaho mu gusuzuma icyifuzo cye habe no kugaragaza inenge iboneka mu rubanza ajuririra, kutagaragaza aho ashingira ubujurire bwe bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gace kayo ka 6° iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’amategeko, n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [21] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibiteganya, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (birimo n’urumogi) Uwimana Emmanuel yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarengeje amafaranga 30.000.000; naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, mu gace kayo ka ( a) n’aka (d), ikavuga ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, mu gihe ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. [22] Urukiko rurasanga Uwimana Emmanuel usaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, ubwe avuga ko nta Tegeko abishingiraho, ahubwo ibyo asaba bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, aho mu gace kayo ka ( a) ivuga ko mu kugabanyiriza igihano uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano cy’ihazabu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha ahamijwe. [23] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Uwimana Emmanuel kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa

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ukundi kuri iki cyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu. Rurasanga ku birebana n’ihazabu, kuba hari amafaranga 100 arenga ku ihazabu ntoya ntarengwa ya 5.000.000Frw Uwimana yahanishijwe, ibyo bitaba impamvu yo guhindura igihano kuko atagaragaza ko binyuranye n’Itegeko kandi akaba aterekana ingaruka amafaranga 100 yagira ugereranyije n’ihazabu ntoya ntarengwa ya 5.000.000Frw igenerwe icyaha yahanishijwe. [24] Ku birebana n’isubikagihano risabwa na Uwimana Emmanuel, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro ubusabe bwe bufite kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kirenze imyaka 05 iteganywa mu ngingo ya 3, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe2; ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Uwimana Emmanuel wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru , ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe kandi yemera. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwimana Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite. [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00087/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuwa 16/08/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [28] Rwemeje ko Uwimana Emmanuel ahamishijwe ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu n’ijana (5.000.100Frw) ku bw’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [29] Rutegetse ko Uwimana Emmanuel asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

2 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR.