UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00108/2020 - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00108/2020 (Ndahayo, P.J) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Uwimana Jean Bosco mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa kuko yafatanwe udupfunyika 9 tw’urumogi. Yaburana ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urwo rumogi atari urwe, ko yabyemeye kubera inkoni bamukubise zikamurya. Urwo rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. UWIMANA Jean Bosco, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba guhanirwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge aho kubigurisha kuko utwo yacuruzaga ari utwundi muntu. Urwo rukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko igikorwaga yakoraga kigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, atari icyo kubinywa. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. UWIMANA Jean Bosco, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, agasobanura ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kandi ko amaze kugororoka no kumva ububi bw’icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko busanga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yasabye atabihabwa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze no gucuruza urumogi umwaka wose kugeza afashwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Bityo, Urukiko rurasanga igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 UWIMANA Jean Bosco yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe boules 9, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko bizwi, no kuba nta ngaruka cyangwa izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha, akaba akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00406/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021; RPA GEN 00004/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishali Bernard, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/05/2021;

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RPAA 00397/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaneza Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024; RPAA 00147/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 26/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NTUYENABO Asman. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 05/04/2019, UWIMANA Jean Bosco yaketsweho kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ubwo yafatanwaga udupfunyika 9 tw’urumogi. Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. [2] UWIMANA Jean Bosco, aburana ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urwo rumogi atari urwe, ko yabyemeye kubera inkoni bamukubise zikamurya. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 00222/2019/TGI/MUS, rwaciwe ku wa 16/05/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rushingiye ku mvugo ya UWIMANA Jean Bosco yemera urumogi udupfunyika 9 yafatanwe, inyandiko yanditse yemera ko ari urwe kandi ko arucuruza, imvugo z’abatangabumya bamushinja, rwemeza ko UWIMANA Jean Bosco ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe udupfunyika 9 rutwikwa. [4] UWIMANA Jean Bosco, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba guhanirwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubigurisha kuko utwo yacuruzaga ari utwundi muntu. [5] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari ibye, ko n’ubwo yacururiza undi muntu nk’uko abivuga, bitamukuraho icyaha cyo kubigurisha. [6] Mu rubanza No RPA 00301/2019/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 20/02/2020, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za UWIMANA Jean Bosco, rwasanze n’ubwo urumogi yafatanwe rwaba rutari urwe, igikorwaga yakoraga kigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bityo agomba kubihanirwa nk’uko byakozwe mu rwego rwa mbere. Rwemeza ko igikorwa UWIMANA Jean Bosco yakoze kigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge atari icyo kubinywa. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku gifungo. [7] UWIMANA Jean Bosco, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00108/2020/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 05/12/2024, UWIMANA Jean Bosco yunganiwe na Me HAKIZIMANA Martin, Ubushinjacyaha bwitabye buhagarariwe na PN NKUSI Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro n’imiburanire bya UWIMANA Jean Bosco n’umwunganira, bavuga ko bakomeza kuvuga ko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, agasobanura

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ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kandi ko amaze kugororoka no kumva ububi bw’icyaha. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko busanga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano byasabwe na UWIMANA Jean Bosco n’umwunganira atabihabwa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze no gucuruza urumogi umwaka wose kugeza afashwe. Bunasobanura impamvu umurongo umwunganizi we yagaragaje itashyingirwagaho. Busaba ko hagumaho igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba UWIMANA Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba UWIMANA Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [11] UWIMANA Jean Bosco avuga ko yaguraga utu boules kwa Rugira akagurisha, aho yari amaze kurangura inshuro zigera mu icumi, akomeza gusaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano asobanura ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kandi ko amaze kugororoka no kumva ububi bw’icyaha, asaba guhabwa ibihano bito bishoboka hashingiwe ku mategeko n’imirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye. [12] Me HAKIZIMANA Martin wunganira UWIMANA Jean Bosco avuga ko nk’uko amategeko abiteganya Urukiko ruregerwa ibikorwa, ariko hashingiwe kubyo dosiye igaragaza, bigaragara ko yacururizaga undi urumogi, ariko ibikorwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, akaba yemera icyaha agasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko rukaba rwanajya munsi y’ibyo itegeko riteganya kuko rutabibujijwe, ahubwo rurebeye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere, nta ngaruka cyateje, uretse ibyo amategeko ateganya gusa. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha busanga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano byasabwe na UWIMANA Jean Bosco atabihabwa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gucuruza urumogi umwaka wose kugeza afashwe, kandi ko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije, aho yari yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, akijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [14] Yongeraho ko ariko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, asanga nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa igihano kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) ariko kitari munsi yaho, n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ikaba million 5, asaba ko byakorwa hashingiwe no ku mirongo yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma UWIMANA Jean Bosco yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze. [16] Ku bijyanye no kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NAHAYO Ignace (igika cya 22), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko: “Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe”. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 05/04/2019, UWIMANA Jean Bosco abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha ariko asobanura ko urumogi bamufatanye rutari urwe ko yaruhawe n’umukiriya wazanye igikapu kirimo inkweto ngo amudodere narwo rurimo. Dosiye igaragaza kandi inyandikomvugo yo mu bushinjacyaha ku wa 11/04/2019, ubwo UWIMANA Jean Bosco yabazwaga akemera ko yafatanwe urumogi boules 9 agasaba imbabazi. [18] Dosiye igaragaza na none abatangabuhamya NSENGIMANA Innocent na BARUSHYWANUBUSA Rafiki akaba ushinzwe umutekano w’isoko rya Gakenke wamufashe, basobanuye ko UWIMANA Jean Bosco yafatanwe urumogi boules 9 kandi ko bari basanzwe bafite amakuru ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi. Hakaba hari n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi boules 9 UWIMANA Jean Bosco yasinye yemera ko arufatanwe na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko UWIMANA Jean Bosco acuruza urumogi. [19] Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwahamije UWIMANA Jean Bosco icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rushingiye ku kuba igikorwa yakoze cyo gucuruza urumogi mu gihe cy’umwaka wose kabone n’ubwo rwaba rutari urwe, kigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kandi akaba agomba kugihanirwa nk’uko byakozwe n’Urukiko rwisumbuye ku rwego rwa mbere. [20] Ku byerekeranye n’uru rubanza, urukiko rurasanga UWIMANA Jean Bosco yarakomeje kuburana atemera icyaha neza akavuga ko yafatanwe urumogi rutari urwe, ariko nyuma aza kwemera icyaha kuri uru rwego ndetse asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, bigaragaza ko atacyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kandi hari abatangabuhamya babimushinje barimo NSENGIMANA Innocent na BARUSHYWANUBUSA Rafiki, raporo y’inzego zibanze no kuba we n’umwunganizi we barabyemeye ubwo baburana uru rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, bikaba ari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko urumogi boules 9 UWIMANA Jean Bosco yafatanwe ari urwo gucuruza, n’ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bifite. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nk’uko byatanzweho imirongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo Urubanza Nº RPA GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/05/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUNYAGISHALI Bernard (igika cya 70), n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00397/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na MUNYANEZA Emmanuel (igika cya 17), zatanze umurongo uvuga ko: “kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, ntibigira akamaro uregwa kuko ujurira aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko”. Bityo, iyi ngingo yo kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ikaba itakiriwe.

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[22] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, n’ubwo iyi ngingo ya UWIMANA Jean Bosco yo kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire itakiriwe, ariko mu rwego rwo gutanga ibihano bisa ku bibazo bisa, nta cyarubuza gusuzuma ibirebana n’igihano yahawe ngo harebwe niba gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rukaba rwakongera rukamugabanyiriza igihano mu gihe rwasanga ataragabanyirijwe bihagije kandi hari izindi mpamvu nyoroshacyaha zahabwa ishingiro hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 naryo ryavuzwe, iteganya ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ndetse n’igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cyayo. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye imanza zitandukanye ku bibazo bimeze nk’iki harimo nk’urubanza N° RPAA 00147/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 26/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha v. NTUYENABO Asman, aho Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo bwari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw aho kuba igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe n’inkiko zibanza ku cyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi udupfunyika 14. [24] Hari kandi urubanza Nº RPAA 00497/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/6/2024 haburana UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUKUNDANE James, aho Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi ndetse no kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari ahamijwe icyaha n’inkiko, nta n’izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.001.000 Frw ku cyaha cyo gufatanywa ibiyobyawenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ½ kg. [25] Ku byerekeranye n’igihano UWIMANA Jean Bosco agomba guhabwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) UWIMANA Jean Bosco yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe boules 9, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko bizwi, no kuba nta ngaruka cyangwa izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha, akaba akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa UWIMANA Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 00301/2019/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 20/02/2020, ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano; [28] Rwemeje ko UWIMANA Jean Bosco ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw); [29] Ruvuze ko UWIMANA Jean Bosco asonewe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko afunzwe.