UWINEZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc

# UWINEZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-20 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00009/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UWINEZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00009/2022/CA – (Nyirandabaruta, J. P., Ngagi na Kamere J.) 20 Mata 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z'umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Gusezererwa mu kazi ku mpamvu z'ubukungu – Kumenyasha umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Igihe cyo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu mbere y’uko abakozi basezererwa, agahabwa umwanya wo kugenzura niba koko abari kuri urwo rutonde ari bo bagomba gusezererwa, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Amategeko agenga umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi – Gutanga integuza – Iyo nta nteguza mu gihe yatanzwe n'umukoresha ariko akayivunja mu mafaranga ntabwo bifatwa ko nta nteguza yatanzwe, bityo nta zindi zijyanye nabyo zongera gutangwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Uwineza avuga ko yagiranye na UNGUKA BANK Plc amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, akaba yarayikoreye mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi (10), ko ku wa 30/07/2018 yatunguwe no gushyikirizwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ngo kubera impamvu z'ubukungu, akaba yarirukanwe hatubahirijwe ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo ryariho icyo gihe. Akomeza avuga ko atahawe integuza akaba asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze Uwineza yarasezerewe mu buryo budakurije amategeko rumugenera indishyi zitandukanye. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwo rwemeje ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yubahirije ibiteganwa n’amategeko, runemeza ko integuza yatanzwe. Uwineza yasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, biremezwa, avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda byubahirijwe kandi atari byo, integuza ikaba itarubahirijwe ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bituruka ku kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwavuze ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw'abakozi UNGUKA BANK Plc yasezereye nta mategeko yishwe, ngo kuko bihagije hatitawe ku gihe yabimenyesherejwe n’abo urwo rutonde ruvuga, ibi bikaba bitandukanye n’umurongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nk’izi. Avuga kandi ko rwirengagije ko na we yari afite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa urwo rutonde na mbere yuko rushyikirizwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo nawe atigeze arumenyeshwa. Uregwa we avuga ko ikigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba ibihe byo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarubahirijwe kuko ari byo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Akomeza asobanura ko nta mategeko yishwe kuko nta gihe ntarengwa

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Umushingamategeko yashyizeho cyo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ku buryo kumenyeshereza Umugenzuzi w’umurimo rimwe n’Urega nta mategeko yaba yishwe. Ko byongeye kandi Urega atasezerewe ku munsi umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyesherejwe ibyerekeye gusezerera abakozi ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ko ahubwo yabimenyeshejwe ku munsi yahereweho integuza y’ukwezi, ko kandi muri icyo gihe, mu rwego rw’amategeko yari akiri umukozi we. Bityo, ikibazo kijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa mbere urutonde rw’abakozi yasezereye kitari mu mbibi z’ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu mbere y’uko abakozi basezererwa, agahabwa umwanya wo kugenzura niba koko abari kuri urwo rutonde ari bo bagomba gusezererwa, ko niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Bityo, Kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc yaramenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rwabagomba gusezererwa mu kazi ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, umunsi umwe n’uwo yasezereyeho Uwineza Alliance, bisobanuye ko yabifashe nk’umuhango bikaba binyuranyije n’icyo amategeko ateganya. 2. Iyo nta nteguza mu gihe yatanzwe n’umukoresha ariko akayivunja mu mafaranga ntabwo bifatwa ko nta nteguza yatanzwe, bityo nta zindi zijyanye nabyo zongera gutangwa. Bityo. Kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc itaratanze igihe cy’integuza ariko igaha Uwineza Alliance indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, akaba nawe adahakana ko atabihawe, UNGUKA BANK Plc yubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama aherera ku ruhande rw’Uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 55. Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9 n’ya 111. Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64 n’iya 70. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 29, 30, 32, 33 n’iya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc, RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020. Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG), RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/05/2016.

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Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME), RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/10/2016. Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013. Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd na Niyonsaba Clémentine, RSOCA 00206/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 24/05/2019. Uwimana Marie Paul n’Abagenzi be n’Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd, RSOCA 00224/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 24/05/2019. Banque Populaire du Rwanda Ltd na Sekamana Naason n’Abagenzi be RSOCA 00017/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 30/11/2018. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Céline Lavachy et al, Jurisprudence sociale, Droit du travail, 8e édit., 2005, p. 965. François Gaudu et Raymonde Vatinet, Droit du travail, 5e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2013, pp. 213-214. Gilles Auzero et Emmanuel Dockes, Droit du travail, 30e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2016, pp. 610, 619. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Uwineza Alliance arega UNGUKA BANK Plc kuba yaramwirukanye binyuranyije n’amategeko kandi itamuhaye integuza n'indishyi zijyanye nabyo, ikinyuranyo cy'umushahara atahembwe mu gihe cy'amezi atatu (3), ikinyuranyo cy’imisanzu ya RSSB, indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza no gusubizwa ingwate y’amagarama. [2] Uwineza Alliance yasobanuye ko ku wa 30/07/2018, UNGUKA BANK Plc yaseshe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi bagiranye, aho itubahirije ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, kubera ko amasezerano yaseshwe kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, bityo hakaba haragombaga kubanza gukorwa urutonde, abakozi bagabanywa bagatondekwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa muri iyo ngingo kandi bikamenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu Karere kugira ngo nawe agire icyo abivugaho, ko rero agomba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi zikomoka ku makosa ya UNGUKA BANK Plc n’ingaruka byamugizeho. Yasobanuye kandi ko atahawe integuza, ko rero nabyo agomba kubiherwa indishyi, ko ndetse yahinduriwe inshingano ariko ntahabwe umushahara ujyanye n’izo nshingano, bityo akaba agomba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara. [3] UNGUKA BANK Plc yireguye ivuga ko amasezerano y’akazi yari ifitanye na Uwineza Alliance yaseshwe bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu, ko hakozwe urutonde rukamenyeshwa

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Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ko Uwineza Alliance yahawe ingurane ku nteguza, ko rero amategeko yubahirijwe. Ikomeza ivuga ko ku byerekeranye n’ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara Uwineza Alliance asaba atagihabwa kuko atigeze yemererwa umushahara avuga, ko umushahara umukozi awumvikanaho n’umukoresha, ko kandi uretse n’ibyo Uwineza Alliance atigeze agera ku rugero rushimwa. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC 00157/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 08/05/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko Uwineza Alliance yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko hatubahirijwe umuhango wo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kubera ko itariki ya 30/07/2018, Uwineza Alliance yasezereweho ari nayo Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejweho, ko kandi ibijyanye n’ubushobozi ku murimo UNGUKA BANK Plc itagaragaje icyo yashingiyeho mu guha Uwineza Alliance amanota 18% agaragaza umusaruro we, rumugenera indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 4.556.052 Frw, igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, kandi agasubizwa 20.000 Frw y’igarama. [5] UNGUKA BANK Plc ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ijuririra Urukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko mu gusezerera Uwineza Alliance yubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa nawe ariho rwashyikirijwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ku wa 30/07/2018, ko kandi iyo ngingo itavuga igihe urwo rutonde rugomba gushyikirizwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, bityo ko n’indishyi urukiko rwataze ntaho zishingiye. Ikomeza ivuga n’indishyi z’akababaro Urukiko rutagombaga kuzibarira ku mushahara mbumbe, ko ahubwo rwagombaga kuzibarira ku mushahara umukozi atahana (salaire net). [6] Mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru itavuga igihe imihango yo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo igomba gukorerwa, ko kuba urutonde rwarakozwe, we n’abakozi bakarumenyeshwa ku munsi umwe bitavuze ko atamenyeshejwe mbere yo gusezerera abakozi kuko mu mabaruwa abasezerera harimo ko umukozi ahawe integuza, bivuze ko yari atarasezererwa burundu. Urukiko rwavuze kandi ko mu gusezerera Uwineza Alliance, UNGUKA BANK Plc yashingiye ku manota yabonye kandi akaba yaragize icyo ayavugaho, ko rero atirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo ko n’indishyi UNGUKA BANK Plc yaciwe ntaho zishingiye, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwayo bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajurirwe ruhindutse, Uwineza Alliance ategekwa kuyiha 750.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka no kuyisubiza 40.000 Frw y’amagarama. [7] Uwineza Alliance yatakambiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo cye nimero 208/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo azabe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00009/2022/CA.

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[8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/04/2023, Uwineza Alliance ahagarariwe na Munyandatwa Nkuba Milton afatanyije na Me Ntaganda Rwamulima Anicet; naho UNGUKA BANK Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément. [9] Muri rusange, abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko icyo Uwineza Alliance yarenganyeho ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda byubahirijwe kandi atari byo. Naho ikibazo kijyanye n’impamvu z’ubukungu n’icy’ ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara atari ibibazo byihariye, kuko nk’ikibazo cy’ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara ari ingaruka zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko naho icy’ubukungu cyavuzweho mu rwego rwo gusobanura ikibazo nyamukuru cyo kuba Uwineza Alliance yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc, avuga ko ikigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba ibihe byo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarubahirijwe kuko ari byo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO [10] Impaka muri rubanza zigishingiye ku bibazo bikurikira akaba ari byo bikwiye gusumwa: - Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yarirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; - Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yarasezerewe nta nteguza ahawe; - Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance akwiye kugenerwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; - Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yasubizwa amafaranga yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane; - Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere; - Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igarama n’ay’ihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro; 1. Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yarirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko [11] Abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Uwineza Alliance yagaragarije urukiko ko UNGUKA BANK Plc itubahirije ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rimaze kuvugwa, kuko itigeze imenyesha abakozi urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu ndetse ko urwo rutonde rwamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ku munsi umwe n’uwo Uwineza Alliance yasezereweho, ko kuba rero Uwineza Alliance yarashyikirijwe ibaruwa isesa amasezerano saa mbiri (8:00) akigera ku kazi, bivuze ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe urutonde abakozi baramaze gusezererwa, ariko ko urwo Rukiko rutabyitayeho, rukemeza ko iyo ngingo ya 34 yubahirijwe. [12] Bavuga kandi ko ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, aho rwavuze ko kuba urutonde rwaramenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w'umurimo

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umunsi umwe n’uwo abakozi bamenyesherejweho amabaruwa atanga integuza anabasezerera, bitavuze ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atarumenyeshejwe mbere yo kubasezerera kubera ko muri ayo mabaruwa harimo ko umukozi ahawe integuza (préavis), bityo ko umukozi aba atarasezererwa mu kazi burundu, kuko aba agitegereje ko ya minsi irangira nk’uko bishobora no guhinduka, ko no kuba rwaravuze ko nta tegeko ryishwe kubera ko mu ngingo yavuzwe haruguru nta gihe kivugwa, imihango yo kumenyesha igomba gukorerwa ahubwo rivuga gusa ko ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko; bigaragaza ko Urukiko rutasesenguye neza ingingo imaze kuvugwa haruguru nk’uko Umushingamategeko yabigenye, ndetse ko rwirengagije ibyemezo bitandukanye byagiye bifatwa n’inkiko n’inyandiko z’abahanga, bigatuma rufata icyemezo kirenganya Uwineza Alliance. Bakomeza bavuga ko kandi ibyo Urukiko rwavuze mu gika cya 25 bigaragaza ko rwavuguruje ibyo rwari rwavuze mu gika cya 24 kuko rwari rwagaragaje igihe bivugwa ko haba habaye kwirukana binyuranyije n’amategeko. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu bika bya 27 na 28 by’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwa Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Bank of Kigali Ltd, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye neza uburyo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru igomba kumvikanamo, aho rwemeje ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa atari umuhango gusa, ko ibyo bisobanuro ari nabyo byagarutsweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu manza RSOCA 00206/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00224/2018/HC/KIG na RSOCA 00017/2018/HC/KIG. [14] Bavuga ko ku bijyanye n’ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc ivuga ko yasezereye Uwineza Alliance ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ko nta kigaragaza ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yari izifite koko, kuko ku wa 31/08/2017, ari bwo iyi Banki yandikiye BNR iyisaba uburenganzira bwo gufunga amwe mu mashami yayo, BNR iyisubiza ku wa 15/10/2017, iyemerera ubwo burenganzira, ko n’ubwo kuzifunga bitagaragaza ko hari ikibazo cy'ubukungu, Uwineza Alliance atabarizwaga muri ayo mashami yasabiwe gufungwa, kandi na nyuma yaho hakaba harafunguwe andi mashami. [15] Bavuga kandi ko mu bika bya 28 na 29 by’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko mu kwemeza ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru rwavuze ko "évaluation" Uwineza Alliance yakorewe ari nta makemwa, rutabanje gusesengura neza ibigomba kubahirizwa no gushingirwaho mu gukorera umukozi isuzumabushobozi (évaluation), ndetse n’ibyo amasezerano y’umurimo yateganyaga ari byo “perfomance contract” na “Human Resource Manual”, kubera ko ari byo bitanga umurongo w’uburyo isuzumabushobozi rikorwamo n'ingaruka rigira ku mukozi kandi bikaba ari itegeko ku mpande zombi zagiranye amasezerano, bityo mu gihe UNGUKA BANK Plc yaba itabikoze bikaba bitari gushingirwaho nk'impamvu yo gusesa amasezerano ku mpamvu z'ubukungu. [16] Bakomeza bavuga ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yaburanye ivuga ko Uwineza Alliance yagize amanota 17,55% hakorwa arrondissement akagera kuri 18%, ko ayo manota yabonetse hashingiwe kuri “performance (score), professional qualification, time spent in the bank, (experience) na social charges (dependents), ko kandi mu bakozi 75 ba Business Banker hasigaye abakozi 22 bari bagejeje ku manota 41%, ko ariko UNGUKA BANK Plc itagaragaza uburyo ayo manota yabonetse hashingiwe kuri “manuel de procédure” yayo, amasezerano y'umurimo na “performance contract” Uwineza Alliance yasinyanye nayo, kuko ari yo yagaragaza ko nta bushobozi buhagije afite bituma ashyirwa ku rutonde rw’abirukanwa.

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[17] Bavuga kandi ko mu ngingo ya 4 ya “performance contract” yo ku wa 09/05/2018, yabaye hagati y’Uwineza Alliance na UNGUKA BANK Plc, ku bijyanye na “performance evaluation procedures”, havugwamo ko mbere yo gushyikiriza umukozi isuzumabushobozi yikoreye ubwe, umuyobozi umukuriye afite inshingano yo kuyiganiraho nawe mu minsi ibiri ikurikira umunsi iryo suzumabushobozi ryakoreweho igashyikirizwa HR bitarenze umunsi wa 5, ingingo ya 6 yo igasobanura neza ko mu gihe umukozi agize amanota ari munsi ya 50% mu bihembwe 2 bikurikirana, amasezerano ye y’umurimo aseswa, ko ari nako bivugwa muri “manuel de procédure” ngingo yayo ya 9.5.2 igika kibanziriza icya nyuma. [18] Bakomeza bavuga na none ko ingingo zimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki zihuriza ku kuba umukozi ugize amanota ari munsi ya 50% mu bihembwe 2 bikurikirana, amasezerano ye y’umurimo aseswa, ariko yabanje kwihanangirizwa. Ko rero iyo Uwineza Alliance aba yaragize amanota ari munsi ya 50%, UNGUKA BANK Plc yari kuba yaramuhaye “warning letter” ndetse ikanagaragaza ko ayo manota yabonye ari ayo mu bihembwe bibiri bikurikirana, bityo ko kuba itarabikoze ibyo ivuga nta shingiro bifite. [19] Basoza bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwategeka UNGUKA BANK Ltd guha Uwineza Alliance indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n'amategeko zingana na 5.607.000 Frw ni ukuvuga: 623.000 Frw x 9 mois ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 33 para 3 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru. [20] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc ashingiye ku ngingo ya 55 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ivuga ko urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rushobora gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kubera imwe mu mpamvu zikurikira: 1° iyo hari ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ruswa, ikimenyane cyangwa icyenewabo, byagize ingaruka ku mikirize y’urubanza bikaba bitarigeze bimenywa n’uwatsinzwe mu gihe cy’iburana; 2° iyo mu icibwa ry’urubanza hirengagijwe amategeko cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese; 3° iyo urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa hakurikije imikirize yarwo, avuga ko abona Uwineza Alliance akwiriye gutsindwa kuko mu myanzuro ye atagaragaza impamvu ashingiraho asubirishamo urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ko kandi ukurikije uko ikibazo giteye (libellé), Uwineza Alliance adasobanura neza icyo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma, akurikije ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo. [21] Avuga kandi ko ibivugwa n’Uwineza Alliance ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa nyuma y’uko basezererwa, bityo ko amasezerano ye y’umurimo yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ntacyo bishingiyeho. Asobanura ko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye neza ko Uwineza Alliance wari ku rutonde rw’abakozi basezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, yahawe integuza ku wa 30/07/2018, akamenyeshwa ko amasezerano azaseswa ku wa 30/08/2018, ko kandi kuri uwo munsi (ku wa 31/07/2018), ari bwo urwo rutonde rwamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, hakaba hari hakiri ukwezi kose mbere y’uko areka gufatwa nk’umukozi. [22] Asobanura kandi ko mu gika cya 26 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko nta tegeko ryishwe kubera ko mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 yavuzwe haruguru hatavugwamo igihe imihango yo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo igomba gukorerwa, ko ahubwo ikivugwamo ari uko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo

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abimenyeshwa mu nyandiko. Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 27 naho Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko kuba urutonde rw’abakozi bagombaga gusezererwa rwarashyikirijwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ku wa 30/07/2018, nta cyari kumubuza kugira icyo abikoraho n’ubwo Itegeko ntacyo ribivugaho, ko kandi nta nyandiko n’imwe igaragaraza ko nyuma yo kubona urwo rutonde hari icyo Uwineza Alliance yarunenzeho ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubukungu n’uburyo rwakozwemo, bityo ko ko kuba Uwineza Alliance atabasha kuvuguruza ibisobanuro (motivation) Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje, ngo agaragaze aho akarengane ke gashingiye, ikirego cye kidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro. [23] Avuga ko ibivugwa n’Uwineza Alliance ko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwavuguruje ibyo rwabonye mu gika cya 24, atari ko biri, kuko mu gika cya 24 rwavuze ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo amenyeshwa urutonde rw’abasezererwa mbere, naho mu gika cya 25, rukavuga ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe ku wa 30/07/2018, ariko amasezerano agomba guseswa ku wa 30/08/2018. [24] Avuga ko ku byerekeranye no kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc yari ifite ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa zitari zihari, atari cyo cyasuzumwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, ko kandi ibyo Uwineza Alliance avuga ko impamvu z’ubukungu UNGUKA BANK Plc yashingiyeho imusezerera ari urwitwazo, na byo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko yirengagiza ukuri gushingiye ku bimenyetso Urukiko rwashingiyeho mu guca urubanza, kandi atagaragaza inenge zabyo. Asobanura ko Uwineza Alliance yemera ko ikibazo cy’ubukungu cyari gihari, ko kandi adashobora kuvuguruza raporo ya audit yakozwe mu 2017, ari nayo yabaye imbarutso yo gusezerera abakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho gukora neza, ko kubw’ibyo nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG. [25] Akomeza avuga ko urutonde rwakozwe ku bakozi bose ba UNGUKA BANK Plc hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku cyemezo cyatanzwe na BNR ku wa 31/08/2018. Ko kuba Uwineza Alliance avuga ko atabarizwaga mu mashami yafunzwe bityo ko impamvu z’ubukungu zitamurebaga atari byo kuko UNGUKA BANK Plc ari ikigo kimwe, bityo izo mpamvu zikaba zitarareberwaga mu mashami gusa. [26] Avuga ko ku bivugwa n’Uwineza Alliance ko ku wa 15/10/2018, BNR yemereye UNGUKA BANK Plc gufunga amashami amwe nyuma y’uko basezerewe, ko ntacyo byamumarira kuko n’ubwo kugabanya abakozi byakozwe ku wa 30/08/2018, gufunga amashami byo byari processus ijyanye no kuba bilan igaragaza igihombo, kuba hari abakozi bagabanyijwe, kwimurira abakiriya ba Banki ahandi, no gusaba gufunga burundu amashami. [27] Avuga kandi ko ku bivugwa n’Uwineza Alliance ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, ko basanga muri urwo rubanza, umukoresha (Banki ya Kigali Ltd ) atigeze akora urutonde rw’abakozi, ko rero Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari kumenyeshwa urutonde rutariho, ko kuri ibyo haniyongeraho ko n’impamvu zose zashingiweho umukozi asezererwa nta shingiro zahawe, ko rero ibyo bitandukanye n’ibiri mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, kuko UNGUKA BANK Plc yo yakoze urutonde, irumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, kandi mu guhitamo abakozi basezererwa ishingira ku bushobozi bwabo. Bakomeza bavuga ko kandi Uwineza Alliance atabasha kwigereranya na Rwihimba wirukanywe ahora ahabwa amanota atari munsi ya 80%, akabihererwa amashimwe no kuzamurwa mu ntera, mu gihe Uwineza Alliance we yihaye

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17.55%. Avuga kandi ku bijyanye n’uburyo amanota yatanzwe bitigeze biburanwa mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [28] Asoza avuga ko Uwineza Alliance atabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane yagiriwe gashingiye, haba mu rwego rw’amategeko n’uko ibintu biteye, ko kandi atabasha kuvuguruza ibisobanuro (motivation) byatanzwe n’Urukiko mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, ko rero n’indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite, akomeza avuga ko uretse no kuba indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano zidashingira ku mushahara mbumbe, ko n’izishingiye ku mushahara atahana ntazo akwiye guhabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ahanini ku kumenya niba mu gusezerera Uwineza Alliance kubera ingorane z’ubukungu, UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo ryakoreshwaga mu gihe Uwineza Alliance yasezererwaga, by’umwihariko kumenya niba UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahirije ibijyanye no kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. [30] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: umukoresha ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo bikorwa kubera ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshwaga hagamijwe kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho gukora neza. Abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. [31] Urukiko rurasanga iki kibazo cyo kumenyasha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abasezerwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyaratanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru no kurumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo arusuzume neza, bityo arebe ko ibisabwa n’amategeko byubahirijwe1. [32] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 30/07/2018 isesa amasezerano y’akazi UNGUKA BANK Plc yagiranye na Uwineza Alliance. Muri iyo baruwa UNGUKA BANK Plc ivuga ko ibabajwe no kumenyesha Uwineza Alliance ko amasezerano y’akazi yari afitanye na Banki aseshwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu. Iyo baruwa ivuga kandi ko iryo seswa ry’amasezerano rihita rishyirwa mu bikorwa kuri iyo tariki ya 30/07/2018, ko ahabwa ibyo agenerwa n’amategeko bitarenze ku wa 31/07/2018 amaze gukora ihererekanyabubasha (hand over), ko kandi mu mwanya w’iminsi 30 y’integuza (préavis) ahabwa amafaranga. 1 Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013.

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[33] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo kandi inyandiko yiswe “internal reorganization of the Bank for economic reasons” yandikiwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ku wa 30/07/2018. Muri iyo nyandiko Umuyobozi Mukuru (CEO) wa UNGUKA BANK Plc yamenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ko iyo Banki igiye gukora amavugurura kubera impamvu z’ubukungu (I here by inform you that UNGUKA BANK Ltd is going to do a restructure of the bank for economic reason). [34] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarakozwe mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko, ingingo ya 34 in fine ntabwo ivuga igihe nyacyo umukoresha amenyesherezaho Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu n’uburyo urwo rutonde rwakozwe. Iteganya gusa ko ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. [35] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nubwo iyi ngingo idateganya igihe nyacyo urwo rutonde rumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, hagomba kurebwa impamvu urwo rutonde rumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. Nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura, Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo bushinzwe kugenzura niba amategeko n’amateka agenga umurimo byubahirizwa2. [36] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru, iteganya ko umukoresha abanza gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagiye kugabanywa mu kigo hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana, mbere yuko abasezerera. Iyo umukoresha amaze gukora urwo rutonde arumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. Byumvikana ko aba ari ukugira ngo Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agire icyo avuga kuri urwo rutonde; ibi bikaba bigamije kugenzura niba umukoresha yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko n’amateka agenga umurimo. [37] Urukiko rurasanga iki kibazo cyo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abasezerwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyaratanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga aho rwasobanuye iyi ngingo mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, ruvuga ko gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru no kurumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo agenzure neza niba urwo rutonde ari rwo rukwiye gusezererwa koko, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba.3 [38] Urukiko rurasanga kuba mu gusesengura ingingo ivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko itegeko rigenga umurimo ritatanze igihe ntarengwa urwo rutonde rugomba kuba rwagereye ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, ko kandi nta bubasha umushingamategeko yahaye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo bwo kwemeza cyangwa kugira icyo asaba ko gihinduka kuri urwo rutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, bivuze ko kubanza kurumuha abakozi 2 “L’inspection du travail est chargée d’assurer le contrôle de l’application des préscriptions légales et réglementaires en matière du travail” (Françoise Favennec-Hery Pierre-Yves Verkindt, Droit du travail, 6e édition, Paris, LGDJ, 2020, p. 496). 3 Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd.

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batarasezererwa nta nyungu ku mukozi cyangwa ku mukoresha; iyi myumvire y’Urukiko Rukuru ihabanye n’ibyafashweho icyemezo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwavuzwe haruguru, kandi kugeza ubu nta kindi cyemezo cy’urwo Rukiko cyaruhinduye, aho rwemeje ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo arusuzume neza abihuze n’itegeko. [39] Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kubona ko ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yakoze imenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa, umunsi umwe n’uwo yamenyesherejeho Uwineza Alliance ko kumusezerera bihise bishyirwa mu bikorwa kuri iyo tariki, ari umuhango gusa kandi ko binyuranye n’icyo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru yari igamije. [40] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Bank of Kigali Ltd rutakoreshwa muri uru rubanza kuko muri urwo rubanza Bank of Kigali Ltd nta rutonde yari yakoze, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko icy’ingenzi ari uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa atari umuhango. Kuba rero UNGUKA BANK Plc yaramenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, umunsi umwe n’uwo yasezereyeho Uwineza Alliance, bisobanuye ko yabifashe nk’umuhango; bityo bikaba binyuranye n’ibyo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru yari igamije. [41] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibyo uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko Uwineza Alliance yakomeje kuba umukozi wa UNGUKA Bank Plc kugeza ku wa 30/08/2018 ashatse kumvikanisha ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe urutonde mbere yuko Uwineza Alliance asezererwa ku kazi, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, UNGUKA BANK Plc niyo yandikiye Uwineza Alliance imumenyesha ko kuva ku wa 30/07/2018 atakiri umukozi wayo. [42] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Uwineza Alliance yarasezerewe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; bityo urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/5/2012, rukaba rugaragaramo akarengane, kuri iyi ngingo. [43] Urukiko rurasanga izindi mpamvu abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bashingiraho basobanura ko ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 yibukijwe haruguru, nk’ijyanye n’uburyo amanota yatanzwe, no kuba nta mpamvu z’ubukungu zariho bitubahirijwe, bitakiri ngombwa kuzisuzuma kubera ko icyo zari zigamije kwari ugushimangira ko Uwineza Alliance yasezerewe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. 2. Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yarasezerewe nta nteguza ahawe [44] Abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, ku bijyanye n’itangwa ry’integuza, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko kuba mu mabaruwa asezerera abakozi harimo ko umukozi ahawe integuza (préavis), bivuze ko umukozi aba agitegereje atarasezererwa mu kazi burundu, ko rero Uwineza Alliance asanga ibyo bisobanuro binyuranyije n'ibikubiye mu ibaruwa isesa amasezerano yo ku wa 30/07/2018, igaragaza ko icyemezo kiyikubiyemo gitangira kubahirizwa guhera ku itariki ya 30/07/2018.

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[45] Bavuga kandi ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashatse kumvikanisha ko mu ibaruwa imaze kuvugwa haruguru UNGUKA BANK Plc yateganyije ko icyo cyemezo gishobora gusubirwaho, atari ko biri,kuko muri iyo baruwa nta hagaragaza igihe iyo nteguza yagombaga kurangirira, uretse kuvuga gusa ko integuza isimbujwe amafaranga, ko rero iyo ari imwe mu mpamvu Uwineza Alliance ashingiraho agaragaza ko yarenganijwe, kuko ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko, bikananyuranya n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’inkiko n’ibyatanzwe n’abahanga mu mategeko, ko kandi integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa. [46] Bakomeza bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana, ko iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka, ihujwe n’ibyo abahanga mu mategeko basobanuye ko igihe cy’integuza gihwanye n’igihe kiri hagati yo kumenyesha gusezera ku kazi cyangwa gusezerera umukozi n’igihe nyakuri cyo guhagarikira akazi k’umukozi, ku ngingo ya 30 isobanura uburyo integuza igomba gutangwamo, ko igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, ku byavuzwe n’abahanga mu mategeko Jean Pélissier na bagenzi be, ko umukoresha wafashe icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano agomba kumenyesha mu ibaruwa ishinganye umukozi wasezerewe n’impamvu z’uko gusezererwa, ku byavuzwe n’abahanga mu mategeko4, ko igihe cy’integuza cyagenwe n’amasezerano y’umurimo kigize ingingo y’ayo masezerano, bityo ko itagomba guhindurwa ku bushake bw’umukoresha gusa, ngo basanga ibyakozwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano. [47] Bavuga kandi ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 70 y’Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko buri ruhande rufite inshingano yo kurangiza amasezerano nta buriganya kandi rukarangwa n’imikorere myiza yemerwa ku bagiranye amasezerano", basanga kuba amasezerano y'umurimo yari hagati y’Uwineza Alliance na UNGUKA BANK Plc yarateganyaga ko uruhande rwifuza gusesa amasezerano rugomba guha urundi integuza, byari inshingano za UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Uwineza Alliance integuza, kutabikora bikaba ari ukwica amasezerano, bakomeza bavuga ko akarengane ka Uwineza Alliance gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije ibyo byose rukavuga ko ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yakoze byakurikije amategeko, ko kandi Uwineza Alliance yahawe integuza. [48] Bavuga na none ko abahanga mu mategeko Jean Pélissier n’Abagenzi be, ndetse na Gilles Auzero & Emmanuel Dockès, bose bahuriza ku kuba uburenganzira bw’umukoresha bwo gusonera umukozi gukora mu gihe cy’integuza bushobora gukoreshwa nabi, ko habaho kubukoresha nabi iyo icyemezo cy’umukoresha giherekejwe no guhubuka cyangwa kutita ku bintu bituma abandi bantu babona ko umukozi yakoze ikosa rikomeye, ko muri icyo gihe umukoresha adategetswe gusa gutanga indishyi ziriha iyo nteguza, ahubwo agomba no gutanga indishyi z’akababaro, ko rero kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc itarahaye Uwineza Alliance integuza, ishingiye ku bubasha bwayo nk'umukoresha igahitamo amafaranga, byamubangamiye. 4 Céline Lavachy et al, Jurisprudence sociale, Droit du travail, 8e édit., 2005, p. 965.

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[49] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko Uwineza Alliance mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 30/07/2018, isesa amasezerano, yemera ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yamumenyesheje ko ahawe integuza y’iminsi 30 ariko ivunjwemo amafaranga, ko kandi adahakana ko yabonye ayo mafaranga ndetse akaba yaranahawe integuza mu nyandiko, bityo ko kuvuga ko integuza igomba gutangwa mu butumwa bushinganye ashingiye ku bisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko atari ko Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryabiteganyije. [50] Akomeza avuga ko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiye ku ngingo za 29 na 32 z’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku nyandiko z’abahanga zisobanura ko umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo gukuriraho umukozi inshingano yo kuza ku kazi mu gihe cy’integuza, ngo rwasobanuye ko iseswa ry’amasezerano rigomba kubanzirizwa n’integuza, cyangwa indishyi ziyisimbura igihe itubahirijwe, keretse iyo ikosa ryakozwe ari ikosa rikomeye, ko kandi ibyo atari umwihariko w’u Rwanda. Ko rero Uwineza Alliance nawe yahawe integuza y’ukwezi kumwe guhera ku wa 30/07/2018 kukageza ku wa 30/08/2018, ko kandi kuba umukoresha yarahisemo kuvunja integuza mu mafaranga nta tegeko ryishwe. [51] Asoza avuga ko mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza rumaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwatanze umurongo ko iyo igihe cy'integuza kitatanzwe kigasimbuzwa umushahara n'andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga guhembwa mu gihe cy'integuza nta tegeko riba ritubahirijwe, ko uwo murongo ari wo ukwiriye kwifashishwa muri iki kibazo, asaba ko ingingo ya 29 n’iya 32 z’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009, ryavuzwe haruguru zasesengurirwa hamwe kuko zuzuzanya. Asaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku rubanza rumaze kuvugwa, kuri izo ngingo ndetse no ku ngingo ya 9 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [52] Ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga igihe Uwineza Alliance yasezererwaga ku kazi, iteganya ibikurikira: amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka. [53] Ingingo ya 32 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. [54] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ibaruwa UNGUKA BANK Plc yandikiye Uwineza Alliance ku wa 30/07/2018, imumenyesha ko iseshe amasezerano y’akazi bari bafitanye, inamumenyesha ko bigomba guhita bishyirwa mu bikorwa (with immediate effect), bivuga ko nta gihe cy’integuza cyatanzwe. Nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, iyo nta nteguza yatanzwe, hatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, kandi ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yarabikoze. Ibi bikaba atari umwihariko w’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, nk’uko byibukijwe mu rubanza

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RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC5 rukurikije ibivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko François Gaudu na Raymonde Vatinet, kimwe na Gilles Auzero na Emmanuel Dockes6. Kuba rero UNGUKA BANK Plc itaratanze igihe cy’integuza ariko igaha Uwineza Alliance indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, kandi Uwineza Alliance akaba adahakana ko atabihawe, Urukiko rurasanga UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahije ibiteganwa n’ingingo ya 32 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru; bityo kuri iyi ngingo nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/5/2021. 3. Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance akwiye kugenerwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [55] Abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko Urukiko rwategeka UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Uwineza Alliance indishyi zo kwirukanwa nta mperekeza (Dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi par le salarié) zingana na: 623.000 Frw x 9 mois= 5.607.000 Frw. [56] Abahagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc bavuga ko indishyi Uwineza Alliance asaba ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko ntacyo zishingiyeho, akaba atanabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane avuga ko yagiriwe gashingiye haba ku rwego rw’amategeko (droit) cyangwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu biteye (faits). Ko kandi ni ubwo indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano zidashingira ku mushahara mbumbe, n’indishyi zishingiye ku mushahara Uwineza Alliance atahana ntazo akwiye guhabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [57] Ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga igihe Uwineza Alliance yasezererwaga ku kazi, iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi ntibibuza itangwa ry’ imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. Mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo ivuga ibikurikira: Iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro ntizishobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9). Ibi kandi ni ko bigenda ku bakozi bari intumwa z’abakozi n’abahagarariye sendika. 5 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31 Mutarama 2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB BANK Plc. 6“Le préavis est en principe une période de travail, le salarié devant rester à la disposition de l’employeur. L’employeur peut cependant dispenser le salarié de l’exécution du préavis, en lui versant alors l’équivalent du salaire sous forme d’une indemnité de préavis;” François Gaudu et Raymonde Vatinet, Droit du travail, 5e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2013, pp. 213-214. “Le délai–congé ou préavis n’existe en principe que dans les cas où la rupture du contrat de travail résulte de la volonté unilatérale d’une des parties au contrat: licenciement, (…). L’employeur a droit de dispenser unilatéralement le salarié d’exécuter son travail pendant le délai-congé à condition de lui verser toutes les sommes que celui-ci aurait perçues s’il avait fourni sa prestation de travail jusqu’à l’expiration du préavis”, Gilles Auzero et Emmanuel Dockes, Droit du travail, 30e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2016, pp. 610, 619.

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[58] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Ltd, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa ari ahwanye n’umushahara atahana mu ntoki (salaire net) aho kuba umushahara mbumbe. Rwasobanuye kandi ko uwo murongo uhindura umurongo wari wafashwe mu manza zaciwe mbere n’urwo Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2016, haburana Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG) n’urubanza RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016, haburana Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME); muri izo manza hakaba hari haremejwe ko amafaranga ahabwa umukozi igihe asezerewe ku kazi ari amafaranga mbumbe (brut), ariko nta bisobanuro bishingiye ku mategeko byatanzwe.7 [59] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo inyandiko yiswe “Payslip” igaragaza ko Uwineza Alliance yahembwaga umushahara mbumbe ungana na 506.228 Frw, naho umushahara yatahanaga ukaba 328.648 Frw. [60] Imikirize y’urubanza RSOC 00157/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 08/05/2020, igaragaza ko Uwineza Alliance yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kandi afite uburambe bw’imyaka icumi, akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’imishahara icyenda ni ukuvuga 506.228 Frw x 9 = 4.556.052 Frw. [61] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Uwineza Alliance yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo rero agomba kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’umushahara we w’amezi icyenda yasezerewe ku kazi yamaze imyaka irenze icumi muri UNGUKA BANK Plc. Urukiko rurasanga izo ndishyi zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga aho kuba ku mushahara mbumbe nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwa Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Ltd rwavuzwe haruguru, ni ukuvuga 328.648 Frw X 9 = 2.957.832 Frw, aho guhabwa 4.556.052 Frw yemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rubariye ku mushahara mbumbe. 4. Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yasubizwa amafaranga yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane [62] Uhagarariye Uwineza Alliance avuga ko mu gika cya 33 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse Uwineza Alliance guha UNGUKA BANK Plc indishyi zingana na 1.540.000 Frw, bityo ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruramutse rusanze ikirego cye gifite ishingiro rwategeka ko ayo mafaranga ayasubizwa. [63] Abahagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc bavuga ko Uwineza Alliance atabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane avuga ko yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG gashingiye, haba mu rwego rw’amategeko (droit) cyangwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu biteye (faits), ko rero rukwiye kugumana agaciro karwo, bityo n’indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Unguka Bank Plc zikaba zikwiye kugumaho kuko zari zifite ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA 7 Reba igika cya 36.

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[64] Imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/05/2021, igaragaza ko Uwineza Alliance yategetswe kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc 750.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka no kuyisubiza 40.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ijurira. [65] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byagaragaye haruguru, kuba Uwineza Alliance yarasezerewe na UNGUKA BANK Plc mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, agomba gusubizwa 790.000 Frw yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/5/2021, aho kuba 1.540.000 Frw Uwineza Alliance asaba kuko atagaragara muri urwo rubanza. 5. Kumenya niba Uwineza Alliance yahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere [66] Abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka UNGUKA BANK Plc kumuha indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zingana na 3.500.000 Frw, kubera ko yagerageje inzira zose kugira ngo ibibazo yatewe n’ibyemezo byayo bikemuke mu bwumvikane, ariko yo ikabyanga, bigatuma yiyambaza inkiko kugira ngo arenganurwe, ko rero iyo yemera ubwumvikane igakosora ibyo yangirije atari kugana inkiko. [67] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere Uwineza Alliance asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko icyo atari ikibazo gikwiriye gusuzumwa kuri uru rwego kubera ko kitari mu bibazo akarengane avuga ko yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG gashingiyeho, ko kandi na nyuma y’uko urubanza RSOC 00157/2019/TGI/NYGE ruciwe, Uwineza Alliance yemeye imikirize yarwo harimo n’icyemezo cyafashwe ku ndishyi zo gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [68] Urukiko rurasanga, indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere Uwineza Alliance asaba adakwiye kuzihabwa, kuko nubwo byagaragajwe ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yaseshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko ntabwo ari yo yatangije urubanza, ahubwo yararezwe iriregura, itsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere irajurira; bika rero bitakumvikana uburyo uruhande rwatangije urubanza mu nkiko rwahindukira ngo rusabe indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza ku maherere mu gihe rutabasha kugaragaza ko hari urubanza yashowemo na UNGUKA BANK Plc izi neza ko nta shingiro rufite kandi nta kindi igamije uretse guhima no guhombya Uwineza Alliance. 6. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igarama n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [69] Abahagarariye Uwineza Alliance bavuga ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Uwineza Alliance 1.500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, no kumusubiza 20.000 Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza yo ku rwego rwa mbere, ngo kuko ari yo itarubahirije amategeko bituma ajya mu nkiko kugira ngo asubizwe uburenganzira yavukijwe nayo isesa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko amasezerano bagiranye, yiyambaza Avoka wo kumwunganira. Bakomeza bavuga ko ibyo byatumye Uwineza Alliance

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atakarizamo amafaranga, igihe cy’ingenzi yagombaga gukoresha mu bindi bikorwa byagombye kuba byari bifite ibindi bimwungura, haba kuri we ubwe cyangwa ku muryango we. [70] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igihembo cya Avoka na 20.000 Frw y’igarama Uwineza Alliance asaba ntayo akwiye guhabwa, kuko ari we watangije imanza z’amaherere agatsindwa, akaba akwiye kwirengera amafaranga yose yazitakarijemo azikurikirana, kandi yari azi neza ko UNGUKA BANK Plc atari yo yamureze. [71] Avuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Uwineza Alliance kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc 1.500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kubera ko yayishoye mu manza yirengagije nkana ko amasezerano y’umurimo yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko agahabwa ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza byose, ko rero ibyo byatumye yiyambaza abavoka bo kuyiburanira no kuyikurikiranira urubanza. [72] Uhagarariye Uwineza Alliance avuga ko kuba Uwineza Alliance yarasubirishijemo urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko, bityo ko adakwiye gutegekwa kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc amafaranga isaba kuko ari yo yatumye habaho izi manza zose imusezerera mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. UKO RUKIKO RUBIBONA [73] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [74] Urukiko rurasanga nubwo hari zimwe mu mpamvu z’akarengane zatanzwe na Uwineza Alliance zitahawe ishingiro, ariko kubera ko impamvu nyamukuru yo gusezererwa bidakurikije amategeko yahawe ishingiro, amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza asaba afite ishingiro, kuko hari ibyo yatakaje akurikirana anaburana uru rubanza, ariko ayo asaba ni menshi hakurikijwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza, mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yo kuri uru rwego, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yo mu Rukiko Rukuru, yiyongera kuri 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yari yagenewe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge agomba gutangwa na UNGUKA BANK Plc, no kumusubiza 20.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere. [75] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba nta shingiro afite kuko byagaragaye ko urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/5/2021 rurimo akarengane. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[76] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Uwineza Alliance cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/05/2021, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [77] Rwemeje ko UNGUKA Bank Plc igomba guha Uwineza Alliance 2.957.832 Frw y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [78] Rutegetse UNGUKA Bank Plc guha Uwineza Alliance 2.957.832 Frw y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [79] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc gusubiza Uwineza Alliance 790.000 Frw yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza RSOCA 00127/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020. [80] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Uwineza Alliance 1.700.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose. [81] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc gusubiza Uwineza Alliance 20.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere.