UWINEZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# UWINEZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00016/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UWINEZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00016/2025/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 29 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwineza Jeanne yishe umwana we w’umuhungu witwaga Irasubiza Honoré, wari ufite umwaka 1 w’amavuko n’amezi ane, amujugunye mu muringoti wari wararetsemo amazi uherereye ahitwa mu Rukingo, muri 50m uturutse aho yabaga. Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kwiyicira umwana. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeje ko Uwineza ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake yakoreye umwana we, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uwineza yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yakoze icyaha abitewe n’ibibazo byinshi yari afite birimo no kuba uwamuteye inda yamwanduje indwara y’agakoko gatera sida. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko Uwineza atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko mu rubanza yajuririye cyagabanyijwe bihagije. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwineza Jeanne nta shingiro bufite, maze rugumishaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. Uwineza yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntiyabyemererwa, hagumishwaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, hirengagijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragarije zitandukanye yagiye yerekana, ku bw’ibyo akaba asaba uru Rukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uwineza budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, kandi ko igihano yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, kandi ko bwemeranya n’icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe, kuko Uregwa yiyiciye umwana we kandi asanzwe afite abandi bana, akaba nta n’ikimenyetso agaragaza gishimangira ukuri kw’impamvu avuga ko zamuteye gukora icyo cyaha.

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Urukiko ruruasuzuma niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 Uwineza yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umwana we gishobora kongera kugabanywa. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Uwineza Jeanne nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikrianyweho icyaha kandi akaba yaracyemeye akanagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be; Urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/10/2025 rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu Aimable. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 30/11/2020, Uwineza Jeanne ari mu Mudugudu wa Nyagisozi, Akagari ka Mahembe, Umurenge wa Byimana mu Karere ka Ruhango, ahagana mu ma saa sita z’ijoro yishe umwana we w’umuhungu witwaga Irasubiza Honoré, wari ufite umwaka 1 w’amavuko n’amezi ane, amujugunye mu muringoti wari wararetsemo amazi uherereye ahitwa mu Rukingo, muri 50m uturutse aho yabaga. [2] Ayo makuru amaze kumenyekana Uwineza Jeanne yahise afatwa atangira gukurikiranwa, nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Uwineza Jeanne yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kwiyicira umwana, asobanura ko yabitewe n’uko nyirarume babanaga yabafataga nabi bigera aho atekereza kwiyahura abanje kwica uwo mwana.

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[4] Mu rubanza RP 01242/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 24/12/2024, rwemeje ko Uwineza Jeanne ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake yakoreye umwana we Irasubiza Honoré, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: a) ukwemera icyaha Uwineza Jeanne yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko; b) ubuhamya bwa Kanamugire Jean Népomuscēne na Habimana Jean Paul; c) inyandikomvugo ikubiyemo ibyo Umugenzacyaha yabonye ageze ahakorewe icyaha (Procѐs Verbal de Constat); d) raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko Uwineza Jeanne ari we wiyiciye umwana. [5] Uwineza Jeanne yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yakoze icyaha abitewe n’ibibazo byinshi yari afite birimo kuba yarabaga kwa nyirarume yirwanaho, kuba afite abandi bana arera no kuba uwamuteye inda yaramwanduje indwara (imitezi n’agakoko gatera sida) kandi akaba atarongeye kumubona. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko Uwineza Jeanne atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko mu rubanza yajuririye cyagabanyijwe bihagije. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00298/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 24/12/2024, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwineza Jeanne nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe mu rubanza RP 01242/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga; ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0066/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 06/02/2009 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabahizi Jean, n’urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana. [7] Ku wa 05/01/2025 Uwineza Jeanne yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00016/2025/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/12/2025 Uwineza Jeanne yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Mu bujurire bwe Uwineza Jeanne n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano, kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba yaracyemeye mu buryo budashidikanywa kuva agifatwa, ndetse akaba afite abandi bana bato yasize mu rugo badafite ubarera. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uwineza Jeanne budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije. [10] Urukiko ruruasuzuma niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 Uwineza Jeanne yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umwana we gishobora kongera kugabanywa. II.ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Uwineza Jeanne ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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[11] Uwineza Jeanne n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntiyabyemererwa, hagumishwaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, hirengagijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragarije zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba uwo babyaranye uwo mwana wapfuye yaramutereranye ndetse akaba yaramwanduke indwara (imitezi n’agakoko gatera sida), ubuzima bugoye yabagamo kwa nyirarume, no kuba afite abandi bana bato yasize mu rugo badafite ubarera. [12] Bavuga ko ibyo basaba babishingira ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko N˚ 54/2011 ryo ku wa 14/02/2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana, no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00088/2022/CA - CMB RPAA 00089/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwineza Jeanne nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasobanuye ko impamvu rwashingiyeho rwanga kumugabanyiriza igihano ari uko ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije, kandi ko igihano yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko nabwo bwemeranya n’icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe, kuko Uwineza Jeanne yiyiciye umwana we kandi asanzwe afite abandi bana, akaba nta n’ikimenyetso agaragaza gishimangira ukuri kw’impamvu avuga ko zamuteye gukora icyo cyaha. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asoza asaba ko igihano Uwineza Jeanne yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho zasobanuye ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo (urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, n’urubanza RPAA 00224/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirandimubanzi Floride. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 Uwineza Jeanne yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umwana we gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [16] Mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be (mu bika bya 252- 254), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano.

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Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/10/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu Aimable (igika cya 33). [17] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Uwineza Jeanne nawe nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye uretse gusa gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Hashingiwe ku murongo wagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasuzuma uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe na Uwineza Jeanne n’ingaruka cyagize, runasuzume niba igihano yahanishijwe gishobora kugabanywa, kigereranyijwe n’ibyatanzwe mu zindi manza zijya gusa n’urwe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu zindi manza rwaciye ku bantu bakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake cyakozwe mu buryo busa cyangwa bujya gusa n’ubwo Uwineza Jeanne yakozemo icyaha yahamijwe, barahanishijwe igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 25 Uwineza Jeanne yahanishijwe. Muri izo manza harimo urubanza RPAA 01031/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/09/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Jean Damascѐne, aho uru Rukiko (rushingiye ku zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko), rwamugabanyirije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yari yahanishijwe maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaraburanye acyemera. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Uwineza Jeanne nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikrianyweho icyaha kandi akaba yaracyemeye akanagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwineza Jeanne bufite ishingiro. [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00298/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 24/12/2024 ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano gusa. [22] Rwemeje ko Uwineza Jeanne ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [23] Ruvuze ko Uwineza Jeanne asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.