UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWINKINDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWINKINDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-10-24 - Case/document no.: RPA 00002/2016/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWINKINDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPA 00002/2016/CA – (Kanyange, J. P., Munyangeri na Rugabirwa, J.) 24 Ukuboza 2020] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Urubanza rwa jenoside – Ubujurire – Gutesha agaciro urubanza rujuririrwa – Umuburanyi uvuga ko habaye ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko agomba gutanga impamvu abishingiraho agasobanura uburyo iryo kosa ritesha agaciro urubanza yajuririye cyangwa ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi kuko urukiko rw’ubujurire rutagomba kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi bundi bushya. Amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwa muntu – Uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa – Kwihitiramo umwunganizi – Ukurikiranyweho icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa n’avoka yihitiyemo mu gihe gusa afite ubushobozi bwo kumuhemba, ariko mu gihe atabufite, akamuhabwa, bitabaye ngombwa ko we abigiramo uruhare. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Urubanza rwa jenoside – Ubujurire – Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusuzuma ibyagiweho impaka ku rwego rwa mbere – Iyo umuburanyi atagize icyo anenga ku rwego rwa mbere kandi nta mpamvu zidasanzwe zabiteye, aba yivukije uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza izo nenge mu bujurire. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Amahame y’ingenzi agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Kureshyeshya uburenganzira bw’ababuranyi imbere y’amategeko – Kuba ubushinjacyaha buhabwa igihe kinini cyo gutegura dosiye kurusha igihabwa Uregwa, bitewe n’akazi bukora mu nyungu za sosiyete, ko gushakisha ibyaha bukanaregera urukiko, mu gihe uregwa areba inyungu ze bwite, ntibivanaho ko ihame ryo kureshyeshya ababuranyi ryubahirijwe, ikingenzi ni uko nta muburanyi uvutswa uburenganzira bwe igihe aburana. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha kibasiye inyokomuntu – Uburyozwacyaha – Icyitso – Kuba icyitso ni bumwe mu buryo uregwa ashobora kuryozwamo icyaha (participation criminelle), kuko gishobora guhurirwaho n’abantu barenze umwe, bikaba ngombwa kumenya uruhare rwa buri wese – Icyitso si icyaha ahubwo hagomba kuba hari icyaha cyakozwe, umwe mu bagikurikiranweho akaba yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Urubanza rwa jenoside – Ubujurire – Gutesha agaciro urubanza rujuririrwa – Iyo hari imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitasesenguwe kandi zaratanzwe nk’ikimenyetso gishinja cyangwa gishinjura, byumvikana ko habaye ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye ariko uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi kugirango rubashe guteshwa agaciro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwinkindi wari warahunze Igihugu kuva mu mwaka wa 1994, agafatirwa mu gihugu cy’Ubugande, yoherejwe mu Rwanda nyuma y’icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) kugira ngo abe ariho aburanishirizwa ibyaha akurikiranyweho. Yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibe, icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside hamwe n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Ubushinjacyaha bwasobanuye imikorere y’ibyo byaha, aho buvuga ko Uregwa yashyirishijeho bariyeri zarobanurirwagaho Abatutsi babaga bahanyuze hanyuma bakicwa, anagira uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kuri Komini Kanzenze, mu bishanga bya Cyugaro no ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rw’i Kayenzi. Uregwa ariwe Uwinkindi yaburanye ahakana ibyo byaha byose aregwa.

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Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’ibyo byaha ariko ko ataryozwa ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwo kuri Komini Kanzenze no mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje uruhare rwe mu buryo budashidikanywaho. Icyi cyemezo, Uregwa yakijuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko ubu bujurire bwe bwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 105 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Mu bujurire bwe, Uregwa yatanze impamvu zirebana n’imigendekere y’urubanza n’izirebana n’urubanza mu mizi, avuga ko zashingirwaho maze uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rugakuraho uru rubanza ajuririra. Mbere yo kuburanisha ubujurire bw’Uregwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabanje kureba ibigomba kugenderwaho bishingiye ku mategeko no ku zindi manza zaciwe maze rwemeza ko mu gusuzuma ubu bujurire, hagomba kurebwa niba hari amakosa yakozwe ashingiye ku mategeko atuma icyemezo gita agaciro, cyangwa ukwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi, bivuze rero ko rutagomba kuburanisha urubanza bundi bushya. Ku kijyanye n’imigendekere y’urubanza, Uwinkindi avuga ko atahawe uburenganzira bw’ibanze ahabwa n’amategeko bwo kuburanirwa n’umwavoka yihitiyemo kuko urubanza rugezemo hagati yahawe Abavoka yagenewe n’Urugaga rw’abovoka batagendeye ku cyifuzo cye. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire itagomba kongera kuburanishwaho kuko yafashweho icyemezo mu rubanza rw’ubujurire rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi rukaba rwarabaye ndakuka. Ku kibazo cyo kudahabwa ibyangombwa bikwiye mu gutegura urubanza, Uwinkindi avuga ko atahawe abamufasha bakanafasha abunganizi be gukora iperereza nyamara ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko. Avuga ko yari yagaragaje ko abunganira abantu mu nkiko badafite ubumenyi buhagije bwo gukora imirimo yo gushaka ibimenyetso, bifashisha inzobere muri uwo mwuga dore ko ku rwego mpuzamahanga ari ibintu bisanzwe bikorwa. Kuri icyo kibazo, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uregwa n’Abamwunganira batumva neza icyo amategeko ateganya kuko ntaho yateganyije gushyiraho urwego rw’abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza, ko kuba muri TPIR abo bunganizi bari bahari, ari uko amategeko agenga urwo Rukiko yabiteganyije anateganya inshingano zabo. Ku kibazo cyo kudahabwa igihe cyo gutegura urubanza, Uregwa avuga ko atahawe igihe gihagije cyo gutegura urubanza, mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bwamaze imyaka irenga itanu bwegeranya ibimenyetso, we akaba atarahawe nibura umwaka umwe wo gushaka ibimenyetso bimushinjura, kandi Urukiko rukaba rwarabikoze rutayobewe ko ababuranyi bagomba guhabwa amahirwe n’ubushobozi bingana. Bivuze ko nawe yagombaga guhabwa igihe gihagije cyo gutegura dosiye, kuko yasabye igihe cy’amezi atandatu ariko ntiyagihabwa ahubwo agenerwa amezi abiri gusa, bikaba byaramuvukije uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko. Ubushinjacyaha buvugako ibi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukiko arirwo ruyobora ibiranisha rukagena igihe gikwiye dore ko Uregwa yahawe igihe kinini cyo gushaka abatangabuhamya, kuba yaragezemo hagati mu rubanza agasaba amezi atandatu maze agahabwa amezi abiri, bitafatwa nko kutareshyeshya ababuranyi kuko hatagenderwa ku iringaniza ryo mu mibare. Mu mpamvu zijyanye n’imiburanishirize y’imanza, Uregwa avuga ko yafatiwe icyemezo n’umucamanza yihannye kubera ko atamuhaga umwanya w’ijambo uhagije muri urwo rubanza, ko yamwamburaga ijambo nta mpamvu akanamucecekesha, ko ataranzwe n’ikinyabupfura akaba yarashingiye ku bimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha kandi ko atamuhaye umwanya ungana n’uw’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse akamuhatira kunganirwa n’Abavoka atihitiyemo. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura kuri iki kibazo buvuga ko nta rwango uwo mucamanza wari uyoboye inteko yari afitiye Uwinkindi dore ko atabitangiye ibimenyetso. Buvuga kandi ko umucamanza uyoboye inteko ari we ugena igihe umuburanyi afatira ijambo, kandi ko ashobora kurimwaka mu gihe abonye avuye mu murongo w’ikiburanwa. Bityo, Uwajuriye ntiyakwitwaza ko yakoze “deduction” agasanga yari

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amufitiye urwango kandi nta kimenyetso abitangiye kigaragaza ishingiro ry’urwango yari amufitiye nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Mu bujurire bwe kandi Uwinkindi avuga ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko ntacyo rwavuze ku nzitizi yari yatanze rwagombaga gusuzuma mu mizi y’urubanza bityo akaba saba ko urwo rubanza rwakurwaho kubera ko yimwe ubutabera. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kubera ko izo nzitizi Uregwa atanga, Urukiko rutari kuzisuzuma rutinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza, zikaba zarasuzumwe ariko urukiko rukemeza ko nta shingiro zifite ndetse rukemeza ko rwakiriye ikirego cyabo, rukanemeza ko Uwinkindi ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa. Ku mpamvu z’ubujurire zirebana n’imizi y’urubanza Uregwa avuga ko ikirego cy’uruhande baburana kitari kwakirwa bitaba ibyo kigakosorwa kubera ko mu nyandiko yacyo harimo ibintu bidasobanutse, bityo akaba asaba ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyateshwa agaciro kuko habayeho kuvanga ibintu. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko abantu bahawe amabwiriza yo kwica, ahandi bukavuga ko abo bantu bishwe. Kuri iyi mpamvu, Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko itashingirwaho mu kutakira ikirego cyabo kuko kwibeshya ku muntu umwe bitaba impamvu y’uko giteshwa agaciro. Uregwa kandi yajuririye ibyaha ashinjwa atanga impamvu zitandukanye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutatandukanyije ibyaha byombi aregwa aribyo icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside hamwe n’icyaha cyo kurimbura kigize icyaha kibasiye inyokomuntu. Asobanura ko bitatandukanyijwe haba mu mikorere yabyo cyangwa mu bikorwa bivugwa ko yagizemo uruhare kuko Urukiko ntirwasobanuye neza ibyakozwe mu rwego rwo gutsotsoba icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyakozwe mu rwego rwo gutsotsoba icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu ngo runatandukanye ibikorwa bivugwa ku cyaha kimwe n’ibivugwa ku kindi cyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko iyi mpamvu nta shingiro ifite kuko igikorwa kimwe gishobora kubyara ibyaha byinshi. Buvuga kandi ko ibi byaha Uregwa yahamijwe byakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi ariko akaba atarigeze anenga ibisobanura byatanzwe n’Urukiko rwabanje. Muri uru rubanza kandi Uwinkindi yakomeje kugaragaza impamvu z’ubujurire nyinshi zitandukanye zirimo kuba aregwa ibyaha atagombaga kuregwa, guhanirwa icyaha atakurikiranyweho kandi atarezwe, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaribeshye ku muntu ruburanisha, kuba icyemezo cy’urukiko kitumvikana kandi kidasobanutse no guhanishwa igihano kidakurikije amategeko. akomeza atanga izindi mpamvu z’ikibazo kirebana n’ibimenyetso by’ibikorwa yakoze bigize ibyaha ashinjwa nko gushinga bariyeri ndetse n’abantu batandukanye bagiye bazicirwaho cyangwa yishe. Asoza atanga ibindi bibazo yifuje ko bisuzumwa birimo ikibazo cy’ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri TPIR, ibyerekeye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, ibibazo ku bivugwa mu gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa no ku bivugwa mu gika cya 122 cy’urwo rubanza. Izo ngingo zose no kuri ibyo bibazo byose Uregwa yatanze ko bisuzumwa muri uru rubanza, Ubushinjacyaha byose bwabyireguyeho maze bimwe muri byo Urukiko rubiha ishingiro ibindi rusanga nta gaciro byahabwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi uvuga ko habaye ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko agomba gutanga impamvu abishingiraho agasobanura uburyo iryo kosa ritesha agaciro urubanza yajuririye cyangwa ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi kubera ko urukiko rw’ubujurire rutagomba kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi bundi bushya. 2. Ukurikiranyweho icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa n’avoka yihitiyemo mu gihe gusa afite ubushobozi bwo kumuhemba, ariko mu gihe atabufite, akamuhabwa, bitabaye ngombwa ko we abigiramo uruhare. 3. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusuzuma ibyagiweho impaka ku rwego rwa mbere. Iyo umuburanyi atagize icyo anenga ku rwego rwa mbere kandi nta mpamvu zidasanzwe zabiteye, aba yivukije uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza izo nenge mu bujurire.

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4. Kuba ubushinjacyaha buhabwa igihe kinini cyo gutegura dosiye kurusha igihabwa uregwa, bitewe n’akazi bukora mu nyungu za sosiyete, ko gushakisha ibyaha bukanaregera urukiko, mu gihe uregwa areba inyungu ze bwite, ntibivanaho ko ihame ryo kureshyeshya ababuranyi ryubahirijwe, ikingenzi ni uko nta muburanyi uvutswa uburenganzira bwe igihe aburana. 5. Kuba icyitso ni bumwe mu buryo uregwa ashobora kuryozwamo icyaha (participation criminelle), kuko gishobora guhurirwaho n’abantu barenze umwe, bikaba ngombwa kumenya uruhare rwa buri wese. Icyitso si icyaha ahubwo hagomba kuba hari icyaha cyakozwe, umwe mu bagikurikiranweho akaba yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso. 6. Iyo hari imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitasesenguwe kandi zaratanzwe nk’ikimenyetso gishinja cyangwa gishinjura, byumvikana ko habaye ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye ariko uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi kugirango rubashe guteshwa agaciro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo muri 2003 ryavuguruwe muri 2015, ingingo ya 18. Itegeko Ngenga Nº 08/2013/OL ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Ngenga Nº 31/2007 ryo ku wa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa. Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiragaho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 83,97, 98, 99, 114, 115, 120 n’iya 121. Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigenga imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko, ingingo ya 171 n’iya 173. Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda nk’uko ryari ryarahinduwe, ingingo ya 13, 15 n’iya 25. Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yo ku wa 9 Ukuboza 1948 yerekeye gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside, ingingo ya 1, 2 n’iya 3. Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 126 n’iya 162. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 93. Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 105. Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ingingo ya 3, 8, 14, 17 n’iya 18. Itegeko N°30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 19, 20, 39, 44, 46, 105 n’iya 150. Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 99. Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye Ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3, 63, 65 n’iya 106. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v Nsengiyumva Anatole, ICTR -98-41-A rwaciwe ku wa du 14 décembre 2011. Ubushinjacyaha v Musema Alfred, ICTR-99-46-A. Ubushinjacyaha v Musema Alfred, ICTR-96-13-A rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2001. Ubushinjacyaha v Gatete, ICTR-00-61-A. Ubushinjacyaha v Ntagerura André, ICTR-99-46-A. Ubushinjacyaha v Gacumbitsi, ICTR-2001-64-A du 7 juillet 2006, par 60.

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Ubushinjacyaha v Elizaphan Ntakirutimana na Gérard Ntakirutimana, ICTR-96 10-T et ICTR-96-17- T rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2003. AG Israel v Eichmann (District Court of Jerusalem), para 194. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Michel Franchimont, Manuel de procédure pénale, 2e édition, larcier, p. 1123. Frédéric Desportes, Francis Le Gunehec, Droit Pénal Général, Quatorzième édition, Economica, p.504. Christiane Hennau na Jacques Verhaegen, Droit Pénal Général, Bruyant, Bruxelles, 2003, page 429. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uwinkindi Jean wari warahunze Igihugu kuva mu mwaka wa 1994, yafatiwe mu gihugu cya Uganda yoherezwa mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR)1, ku wa 16/12/2011 urwo Rukiko rutegeka ko yoherezwa mu Rwanda kugira ngo abe ariho aburanishirizwa ibyaha akurikiranyweho. Yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibi2, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside hamwe n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [2] Ku birebana n’imikorere y’ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho, Ubushinjacyaha bwasobanuye ko yashyirishijeho bariyeri zarobanurirwagaho Abatutsi babaga bahanyuze hanyuma bakicwa, anagira uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kuri Komini Kanzenze, mu bishanga bya Cyugaro no ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rw’i Kayenzi. Uwinkindi Jean yaburanye ahakana ibyaha byose aregwa. [3] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Uwinkindi Jean ataryozwa ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwo kuri Komini Kanzenze no mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje uruhare rwe mu buryo budashidikanywaho, rusanga ariko yaragize uruhare mu ishingwa rya bariyeri no mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi hamwe no ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rw’i Kayenzi. Mu rubanza RP 0002/12/HCCI rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2015, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, runategeka ko asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko yaburanye afunze. [4] Uwinkindi Jean yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, ubwo bujurire bwimurirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 105 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. [5] Mu mpamvu z’ubujurire yatanze, harimo izirebana n’imigendekere y’urubanza (procédure), n’izirebana n’urubanza mu mizi: - Impamvu z’ubujurire zirebana n’imigendekere y’urubanza: • Kudahabwa uburenganzira bw’ibanze yemererwa n’amategeko.

1 Muri uru rubanza, mu rwego rwo guhina amagambo, harakoreshwa TPIR. 2 Muri uru rubanza, mu rwego rwo guhina amagambo, harakoreshwa Urukiko Rukuru mu mwanya w’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibi.

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• Kudahabwa uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa na Avoka yihitiyemo. • Kudahabwa ibyangombwa bikwiye mu gutegura urubanza. • Kudahabwa abamufasha bakanafasha abunganizi be gukora iperereza. • Kudahabwa igihe cyo gutegura urubanza. • Kudahabwa ububasha (amikoro) bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya. • Gufatirwa icyemezo n’umucamanza yihannye. • Kuba ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kitaragombaga kwakirwa. - Impamvu z’ubujurire zirebana n’imizi y’urubanza: • Gukosora inyandiko itanga ikirego; • Kuba Uwinkindi Jean atakurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’ibasiye inyokomuntu; • Kuregwa ibyaha atagombaga kuregwa; • Guhanirwa icyaha atakurikiranyweho kandi atarezwe; • Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaribeshye ku muntu ruburanisha; • Kuba icyemezo cy’urukiko kitumvikana kandi kidasobanutse; • Guhanishwa igihano kidakurikije amategeko. - Ikibazo kirebana n’ibimenyetso: • Ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri; • Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi:  Ku byerekeye urupfu rwa Paul Kamanzi;  Ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Bandora Sébastien; • Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi; • Ku birebana n’aho igitero cyishe abari barahungiye ku rusengero cyaturutse; • Ku birebana n’ububasha bwa Uwinkindi Jean; • Ku byerekeye inkambi y’abicanyi yari ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi; • Ku birebana no gutanga amabwiriza. - Ibindi bibazo Uwinkindi Jean yifuje ko bisuzumwa: • Ikibazo cy’ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri TPIR; • Ibyerekeye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi; • Ku bivugwa mu gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa; • Ku bivugwa mu gika cya 122 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri izo mpamvu z’ubujurire zose. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku matariki atandukanye, iburanisha rya mbere riba ku wa 29/06/2020 naho irya nyuma riba ku wa 24/07/2020, Uwinkindi Jean yunganiwe na Me Bizimana Shoshi, Ubushinjacyaya buhagarariwe na Ruberwa Bonaventure, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA II.1. Ibigomba kugenderwaho mu bujurire [8] Nk’uko byibukijwe mu miterere y’urubanza, Uwinkindi Jean yoherejwe na TPIR kuburanira mu Rwanda anacirwa urubanza n’Urukiko Rukuru ku rwego rwa mbere, bivuze ko urubanza rwe rurebwa n’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda nk’uko ingingo yaryo ya gatatu, igika cya mbere, ibiteganya3. [9] Ku birebana n’ubujurire, ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko ‘’Umushinjacyaha n’uregwa bafite bombi uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu gihe hari imwe cyangwa zose mu mpamvu zikurikira: - ukwibeshya gushingiye ku ngingo y’itegeko gutuma icyo cyemezo gita agaciro; - Ukwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushobora kwemeza ibyemezo byose by’Urukiko Rukuru cyangwa bimwe muri byo cyangwa kutabyemeza byose. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, rushobora gutegeka Urukiko Rukuru ko urubanza rusubirwamo. [10] Ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo bihura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 24 ya Sitati ya TPIR, kuko nayo ivuga ko mu bujurire hagomba kugaragazwa ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko rituma urubanza ruta agaciro, cyangwa ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi4. [11] Mu manza zaciwe na TPIR, zagiye zisobanura icyo ari cyo ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko’’, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 24 ya Sitati y’urwo Rukiko, nko mu rubanza rwa Semanza Laurent, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rwifashishije ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu zindi manza, rwasobanuye ko umuburanyi uvuga ko habaye ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko agomba gutanga impamvu abishingiraho agasobanura uburyo iryo kosa ritesha agaciro urubanza yajuririye5. [12] Ku birebana n’ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye naryo riteganywa n’ingingo ya 24 ya Sitati ya TPIR, mu rubanza rumaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwitondera guhindura ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere, kuko aba arirwo rwumvise abatangabuhamya, rukaba ruri mu mwanya mwiza wo guha agaciro ubuhamya bwatanzwe harimo n’imyitwarire y’ababutanze; ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushobora kubisubiraho iyo bigaragara ko Umucamanza usanzwe atashoboraga kugera ku mwanzuro wagezweho cyangwa mu gihe uwo mwanzuro atariwo na gato6.

3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko iri tegeko rireba imanza zoherezwa muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’Urwego n’izivuye mu bindi bihugu zerekeranye n’icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. 4 La Chambre d’appel connaît des recours introduits soit par les personnes condamnées par les Chambres de première instance, soit par le Procureur, pour les motifs suivants: - erreur sur un point de droit qui invalide la decision. 5 Urubanza ICTR-97-20-A rwo ku wa 20/05/2015, igika cya 7: “L’article 24 du Statut porte sur les erreurs sur un point de droit qui invalident la décision et les erreurs de fait qui ont entraîné un déni de justice. La partie qui allègue une erreur sur un point de droit doit avancer des arguments à l’appui de sa thèse et expliquer en quoi l’erreur invalide la decision”. 6 “En ce qui concerne les erreurs de fait, comme l’a souligné par le passé la Chambre d’appel du Tribunal de céans et du Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (le PTIY), la Chambre d’appel n’infirme pas à la légère les conclusions de fait dégagées par une Chambre de première instance. Lorsque une erreur de fait est dégagée, la Chambre d’appel doit faire preuve de retenue à l’égard de la Chambre de première instance qui a entendu les dépositions au procès, celle-ci étant mieux placée que quiconque pour apprécier les dépositions, y compris le comportement des témoins. La Chambre d’Appel n’intervient dans lesdites conclusions que si aucun juge des faits raisonnable n’aurait pu parvenir à la même conclusion ou lorsque celle-ci est totalement erronée. Une conclusion factuelle erronée ne peut être infirmée ou réformée que si l’erreur a entraîné un déni de justice”. Idem, par. 8.

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[13] Urukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko uwajuriye atagomba gusa kugarura mu bujurire ibyo yatsinzweho ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudashinzwe kuburanisha bundi bushya urubanza mu mizi, ko ahubwo agomba kugaragaza ikosa ryakozwe rigomba gukosorwa mu bujurire7. [14] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu gusuzuma ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean, hagomba kurebwa niba hari amakosa yakozwe ashingiye ku mategeko atuma icyemezo gita agaciro, cyangwa ukwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi, bivuze rero ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rutagomba kuburanisha urubanza bundi bushya. II.2. Ubujurire burebana n’imigendekere y’urubanza II.2.1. Kudahabwa uburenganzira bw’ibanze yemererwa n’amategeko II.2.1. a. Kudahabwa uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa na Avoka yihiyitemo Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [15] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko urubanza rujya gutangira, yari yagenewe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka abamwunganira, aribo Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cye, kuko atishoboye, bakorana neza, ariko urubanza rugeze hagati, kubera impamvu zitamuturutseho zitanaturutse ku bunganizi be, byabaye ngombwa ko bava mu rubanza maze Urugaga rw’Abavoka rumugenera abandi bamwunganira aribo Me Ngabonziza Joseph na Me Hishamunda Isacaar, Uwinkindi atabigizemo uruhare ndetse adasabwe gutanga icyifuzo cye nk’uko byagenze ku nshuro ya mbere kandi akaba atarabishimiye. [16] Bavuga ko kuba Urukiko rwaremeje ko urubanza rukomeza kuburanishwa yunganiwe n’abunganizi yahawe bwa nyuma, rumaze gusobanura ko bagenwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ndetse ko uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo umwunganizi bufitwe n’ufite ubushobozi bwo kumwiyishyurira, kandi nyamara igihe yaburanaga bwa mbere yarabanje gushima abunganizi yagenewe, ari ukwirengagiza ibyakozwe mbere kandi bitanyuranyije n’itegeko, bikaba bitabangamiye Ubushinjacyaha, uregwa, ndetse n’Urukiko. [17] Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko N°15/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, yemera ko uregwa udafite ubushobozi bwo kwiyishyurira umwunganizi amugenerwa n’Urugaga, ariko ikongeraho ko afite uburenganzira bwo kwemera cyangwa kwanga uwo bamugeneye, ko kandi hirengagijwe ingingo ya 45 ya “règlement de preuve et de procedure” ya TPIR iteganya ko uregwa ashobora gusaba guhindurirwa umwunganizi mu gihe hari impamvu zidasanzwe. [18] Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko kuba ataragishijwe inama ngo ahabwe uburyo bwo guhitamo abandi bunganizi, urubanza rwe rwataye icyerekezo cyarwo rwari rufite, bituma adahabwa ubutabera bunoze kandi butabogamye, bityo akaba asaba ko urubanza yaciriwe ruteshwa agaciro.

7 “La Chambre d’appel souligne qu’en appel, une partie ne saurait se conteter de répéter les arguments ayant échoué en première instance dans l’espoir que la Chambre d’appel les examinera à nouveau. La procédure d’appel n’est pas un procès de novo et la Chambre d’appel n’est pas un un second juge du fond. Il revient à la partie requérante de prouver que les conclusions ou les décisions de la Chambre de première instance ont entraîné une erreur telle qu’elle justifie l’intervention de la Chambre d’appel. Ainsi la chambre d’appel peut d’emblée rejeter, sans avoir à les examiner surle fond, les arguments présentés par une partie qui n’ont aucune chance d’aboutir à l’annulation ou à la révision de la décision attaquée”. Idem, par. 9.

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Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [19] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire idakwiye kongera kuburanishwaho, kubera ko yafashweho icyemezo ku rwego rw’ubujurire mu rubanza RPA 0011/15/CS rwaciwe burundu n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/04/2015, aho mu gika cya 67 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko icyemezo RP 0002/12/HCCI cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 06/02/2015 kigumyeho, ko Me Ngabonziza Joseph na Me Hishamunda Isacaar bagenwe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka nk’abunganizi ba Uwinkindi Jean mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ingingo ya 106 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye Ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko ububasha bw’urubanza rwabaye indakuka bugarukira gusa ku cyaburanwe kigakiranuka. Ikintu cyaburanywe kigomba kuba kimwe, ikirego kigomba kuba gishingiye ku mpamvu imwe, icyo kirego kigomba kuba cyerekeye ababuranyi bamwe kandi bakiburana mu izina ryabo rya mbere. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/02/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru, Uwinkindi Jean yarumenyesheje ko atunganiwe kubera ko Me Ngabonziza Joseph na Me Hishamunda Issacar yagenewe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka, atari Abavoka be, ko bagenwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, kuko ari we wagombye kwihitiramo abamwunganira ku rutonde rw’Abavoka bagize Urugaga mu Rwanda. Mu cyemezo rwafashe ku wa 06/02/2015, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Me Ngabonziza Joseph na Me Hishamunda Issacar bagenwe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka nk’abunganizi ba Uwinkindi Jean mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [22] Dosiye y’Urubanza igaragaza kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuga ko yambuwe uburenganzira bwo kwiregura no kunganirwa ahabwa n’ingingo ya 18, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nshinga, ingingo ya 105, 3° y’Itegeko N°30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ndetse n’ingingo ya 14,6° y’Itegeko N° 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repuburika y’u Rwanda. [23] Mu rubanza RPA 0011/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 24/04/2015, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro bufite, ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 06/02/2015 kigumyeho, ko Me Ngabonziza Joseph na Me Hishamunda Isacaar bagenwe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka nk’abunganizi ba Uwinkindi Jean mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [24] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasesenuye ingingo ya 14.3(d) y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeranye n’uburenganzira mu by’imbonezamubano na politiki, n’iya 14.6 y’Itegeko N° 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repuburika y’u Rwanda, rusanga izo ngingo zumvikanisha nta gushidikanya ko ukurikiranyweho icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa na Avoka yihitiyemo mu gihe gusa afite ubushobozi bwo kumuhemba, ariko mu gihe atabufite, akamuhabwa, bitabaye ngombwa ko we abigiramo uruhare. [25] Rwanasobanuye kandi ko n’Amasezerano y’Ibihugu by’i Burayi yerekeranye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ateganya mu ngingo ya 6.3.c) ko uregwa afite uburenganzira bwo kwihiriramo umwunganira mu mategeko mu gihe afite uburyo bwo kumwishyura, ko iyo nta bushobozi afite, yunganirwa na Avoka washyizweho n’inzego zibishinzwe, iyo mu nyungu z’ubutabera ari ngombwa ko uregwa agomba kuba yunganiwe, runagaragaza ibyo abahanga mu mategeko bavuze kuri iyo ngingo, nabo bemeje ko abantu bafite uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo abavoka ari abafite ubushobozi bwo kubiyishyurira, ko ubwo burenganzira budafitwe n’abakenera inkunga. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwanagaragaje ko ibimaze kuvugwa ari nako byemejwe mu manza zagiye zicibwa n’izindi nkiko ku

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kibazo cy’iyunganirwa ry’uregwa udafite ubushibozi (urubanza rwa Jean-Paul Akayesu n’urubanza rwa Kambanda Jean). [26] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaramaze gufata icyemezo ku kibazo cyo kwihitiramo Avoka, kitakongera gusuzumwa nk’impamvu y’ubujurire muri uru rubanza, kuko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira batagaragaza aho bashingira mu rwego rw’amategeko basaba ko uru Rukiko ruvuguruza icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, cyane cyane ko icyo cyemezo cyabaye itegeko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 106 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru. II.2.1. b. Kudahabwa ibyangombwa bikwiye mu gutegura urubanza i) Kudahabwa abamufasha bakanafasha abunganizi be gukora iperereza (enquêteurs / investigators) Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [27] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko yasabye ko yagenerwa abamufasha (enquêteurs/investigators/), ndetse bagafasha n’abunganizi be gukora iperereza, akaba yarifuzaga ko hashyirwaho Me Munyeshuri Dick Prudence na Harerimana Justin, kugira ngo bashake abatangabuhamya bo kumushinjura bari hanze n’imbere mu gihugu, ariko mu cyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe ku wa 16/05/2013 ntirwabimwemerera, rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda nk’uko ryari ryarahinduwe, iteganya ko uregwa n’abamwunganira bemererwa abafasha n’ubushobozi bakenera, kuko abunganizi baba badafite ubumenyi buhagije mu bintu byose bagomba gukora kugira ngo kwiregura k’uregwa kugende neza; ko n’ubwo Itegeko Ngenga rimaze kuvugwa ritabivuze mu buryo bweruye ahubwo rikavuga iby’uko bazahabwa ibyangombwa byo kwinjira no gusohoka mu gihugu, Umushingamategeko atari kuvuga abafasha atabafite mu bitekerezo bye. [28] Bakomeza bavuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, kigaragaza ko cyashingiye ku mategeko y’imbere mu gihugu nyamara ingingo ya 25 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 ryavuzwe haruguru, ivuga ko iyo habaye kunyuranya hagati yaryo n’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu, hakurikizwa iryo Tegeko Ngenga, cyane cyane ko Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryashingiweho, ari Itegeko risanzwe, kandi nta Tegeko ryo hasi ryavuguruza iririsumba hakurikijwe uburyo amategeko arutana (hiérarchie des normes). [29] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira banenga kandi kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarivuguruje, kuko mu bika bya 20, 21, 23 na 24 by’icyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, rwasobanuye ko mu mategeko y’u Rwanda iperereza ry’ibanze rikorwa n’Ubugenzacyaha kandi rigakorwa mu gushinja no gushinjura (rushingiye ku ngingo za 19, 20, 44 na 46 z”Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha), rwirengagiza ariko ko no muri TPIR ibyo bibaho, ariko ko bitabuza ko uregwa ahabwa uburenganzira n’ubushobozi byo kwikorera iperereza rye; ko ku rundi ruhande, mu gika cya 23, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko abunganira Uwinkindi Jean aribo bagomba kumushakira abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, bivuze ko nta murongo uhamye Urukiko rwatanze kuri icyo kibazo. [30] Bavuga kandi ko uregwa yari yagaragaje ko abunganira abantu mu nkiko badafite ubumenyi buhagije bwo gukora imirimo yo gushaka ibimenyetso, ariyo mpamvu bifashisha inzobere muri uwo mwuga, ko kandi ibyo bidakwiye kubangamirwa n’ibyo abahagarariye Urugaga rw’Abavoka bemeje mu nyandiko bakoze muri “Amicus curiae” yo ku wa 26/04/2011, bavuga ko mu Rwanda hari Abavoka bakora iyo mirimo, bikaba bitanavanaho uburenganzira uregwa ahabwa n’amategeko, cyane cyane ko ku rwego mpuzamahanga ari ibintu bisanzwe bikorwa, ko uregwa wese mu manza bene nk’izi, agomba kugira abafasha b’abamwunganira (enquêteurs/investigators/), ko rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 150 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza

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z’inshinjabyaha ryakurikizwaga ubwo bajuriraga, ivuga ko iyo hari imigenzo itarubahirijwe mu rubanza, ibyakozwe biba imfabusa, basanga urubanza rwajuririwe rugomba guteshwa agaciro. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [31] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira batumva neza ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 ryavuzwe haruguru ( ihura n’iya 17 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rikurikizwa ubu), kuko iyo ngingo yarebaga itsinda ry’abanyamahanga bunganira abaregwa muri TPIR (équipe de la défense) mu gihe bashatse kuza gukora iperereza mu Rwanda, ko kandi ibyo byabaye kuko baje mu Rwanda gukora iperereza, ko rero Ubushinjacyaha bushyigikiye ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye mu gika cya 15 cy’icyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, ko Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 ntaho ryateganyije gushyiraho urwego rw’abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza, ko kuba muri TPIR abo bunganizi bari bahari, ari uko amategeko agenga urwo Rukiko yabiteganyije anateganya inshingano zabo, ko rero ntaho Urukiko Rukuru rwari gushingira rugenera Uwinkindi Jean abunganizi bo gukora iperereza mu gihe Itegeko rigenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha mu Rwanda ritabateganya. [32] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bemera ko ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 ryavuzwe haruguru, yakomoje ku ba ‘’enquêteurs’’ ku bijyanye no kwinjira mu gihugu badasatswe, nyamara nabo bakaba batagaragaza uburyo bashyirwaho, inshingano baba bafite n’uburyo ibyo bakora byagira agaciro imbere y’inkiko zo mu Rwanda mu gihe badateganywa n’amategeko y’u Rwanda nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru. Asobanura ko mu gihe Uwinkindi Jean yari yoherejwe kuburanira mu Rwanda, icyo yari afiteho uburenganzira ari ugushakirwa abunganizi kandi bikaba byarakozwe, ndetse nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 19 kugeza ku cya 21 cy’icyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013 kijuririrwa, abunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean (Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste) bemereye Urukiko ko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora iperereza rishinjura, nk’uko byari byaranemejwe mu rubanza ICTR 01-75 mu bika bya 47 na 48, aho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rwagaragarije Urukiko ko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora iperereza rishinjura mu gihugu cyose nta mbogamizi, ndetse ko banafite ubushobozi bwo gushaka no kubaza abatangabuhamya bashinjura bakabashyikiriza Urukiko, bitandukanye n’ibyo Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga uyu munsi ko abavoka baba badafite ubumenyi buhagije bwo gukora iperereza rishinjura, ko rero asanga iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu nk’uko ryari ryarahinduwe, ryakurikizwaga icyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013 gifatwa n’Urukiko Rukuru8, iteganya ko: haseguriwe ibiteganywa n’andi mategeko y’u Rwanda, avoka n’abafasha be bafite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu Rwanda no kugenda mu gihugu mu bwisanzure bakora imirimo bashinzwe. Ntibashobora gusakwa, ibintu byabo ntibishobora gufatirwa, kandi ntibashobora gufatwa cyangwa gufungwa mu gihe bakora imirimo yabo ijyanye n’amategeko. Avoka n’abafasha be, mu gihe babyisabiye, barindirwa umutekano. [34] Urukiko rurasanga icyemezo Uwinkindi Jean ajuririra, cyarafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 16/05/2013 ku nzitizi yari yatanze yo kubanza gushyiraho abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza. Mu gika cya 15, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa

8 Ibyo iyi ngingo iteganya bihura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, rikurikizwa ubu.

## Page 12

16/03/2007 ryavuzwe haruguru, ntaho riteganya urwego rw’abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza (investigators), ko rero ku birebana no gushaka ibimenyetso, hagomba gukurikizwa ibiteganywa n’Itegeko Nº 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryakurikizwaga icyemezo kijuririrwa gifatwa, maze mu bika bya 16-18 rugaragaza ingingo z’iryo Tegeko zivuga ku iperereza n’ibimenyetso (ingingo za 19, 22, 42-44). [35] Bigaragara kandi ko mu cyemezo cyarwo, Urukiko Rukuru rwanashingiye ku byo abunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean (Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste) bemereye imbere yarwo, ko mu gihe rwasanga atari ngombwa gushyiraho abunganizi b’Abavoka, nabo bashobora gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura, ko ikibazo bafite ari icy’amikoro. Rwanashingiye kandi ku myanzuro Urugaga rw’Abavoka rwashyikirije TPIR mu rubanza ICTR- 01-75, aho abahagarariye urwo Rugaga bavuze ko Abavoka bakorera mu Rwanda basanzwe bashakira abo bunganira ibimenyetso mu manza z’inshinjabyaha muri Kigali no mu zindi Ntara nta mbogamizi iyo ariyo yose niyo yaba iy’amikoro, yatuma babangamirwa mu kazi kabo (Rwandan Lawyers also routinely conduct their own criminal invistigations both in Kigali and in the provinces, without interference or particular difficulties materially affecting their work), banavuga ko Abavoka bafite ububasha bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura, kubabaza no kubashyikiriza Urukiko badahuye n’imbogamizi zijyanye n’amikoro (Thus, in practice, defence counsel are able to produce at trial supporting evidence through defence witnesses. Their ability to find interview and produce supporting witness during trial in Rwanda have not been materially impaired in recent years). [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko yagombaga kugenerwa abafasha b’Abavoka bashingiye ku ngingo ya15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 ryavuzwe haruguru, nta shingiro bifite, kuko isesengura ry’iyo ngingo atari ko ribyumvikanisha, ahubwo abafasha bavugwamo ni ab’Abavoka baba baturutse hanze y’Igihugu, ni ukuvuga ababa basanzwe babafasha mu mirimo yabo, bikaba rero bitavuze ko ari abafasha bagenerwa buri muburanyi woherejwe kuburanira mu Rwanda nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira babivuga, kuko icyo Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa ryemereraga Uwinkindi Jean, ari ukunganirwa na Avoka nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 13 y’iryo Tegeko, akaba ari nako biteganywa mu ngingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, irebana n’uburenganzira bw’uregwa. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku mategeko y’imbere mu gihugu binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 25 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2013 ryakurikizwaga Urukiko Rukuru rufata icyemezo9, nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kibazo cy’ivuguruzanya ry’amategeko abiri gihari, kuko cyashoboraga kubaho mu gihe ingingo 15 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru iza kuba iteganya koko ko iperereza rikorwa n’abafasha b’Abavoka, nyamara nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye kandi n’uru Rukiko rukaba ari ko rubibona, ntaho iryo Tegeko Ngenga, kimwe n’irikurikizwa ubu, yateganyije urwego rw’abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza, bityo urwo Rukiko rukaba nta handi rwari gushingira hatari mu Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga na none, ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko habaye kwivuguruza k’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko rwemeje ko iperereza rikorwa n’Ubugenzacyaha, rwongera rwemeza ko abunganira Uwinkindi Jean ari bo bagomba kumushakira abatangabuhamya bashinjura, nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba Itegeko ryaragennye urwego rushinzwe gukora iperereza, bitavanaho uburenganzira bw’uregwa ufite ibimenyetso bimushinjura, kubishakisha afashijwe n’umwunganizi we, ari nacyo gitekerezo kiri mu ngingo ya 44 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, iri mu mutwe urebana n’ishakisha

9 Ni ingingo ya 27 mu Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu

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ry’ibimenyetso, iteganya ko iyo icyaha cyabonewe ibimenyetso bikigaragaza, ugishinjwa cyangwa umwunganira agomba kwerekana impamvu zose yireguza, zerekana ko ikirego kitakwemerwa, zihamya ko icyo aregwa atari icyaha cyangwa se ari umwere, n’izindi mpamvu zose zivuguruza izimuhamya icyo cyaha. [39] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko abunganira abaregwa mu nkiko badafite ubumenyi buhagije bwo gukora imirimo yo gushaka ibimenyetso bishinjura, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 20/03/2013 mu Rukiko Rukuru, Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste bunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean, bavuze ko bafite ubushobozi bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura, ibyo kandi bikaba byarakozwe nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urutonde rw’agateganyo rw’abatangabuhamya Me Gatera Gashabana yashyikirije urwo Rukiko ku itariki ya 26/03/2013, n’urutonde rw’agateganyo rukosoye Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste yashyikirije urwo Rukiko ku wa 10/04/2013. Ibyo abo bunganizi ba Uwinkindi Jean bemeye ku birebana no gushakisha abatangabuhamya bashinjura, binashimangira ibyemejwe mu rubanza ICTR 01-75 AR 11 bis rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2011 na TPIR, aho Urugaga rw’Abavoka rwagaragarije urwo Rukiko ko Abavoka bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora iperereza rishinjura mu gihugu cyose nta mbogamizi, ndetse ko banafite ubushobozi bwo gushaka no kubaza abatangabuhamya bashinjura bakabashyikiriza Urukiko. [40] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ibyerekeye abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe iperereza (enquêteurs investigators) ntaho biteganyijwe mu Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira muri Repubulika imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo hafatwaga icyemezo kijuririrwa, ndetse n’irikurikizwa ubu rikaba ntaho ribiteganya, bityo ingingo y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean ikaba nta shingiro ifite. ii) Kudahabwa igihe cyo gutegura urubanza Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [41] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko atahawe igihe gihagije cyo gutegura urubanza, mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bwamaze imyaka irenga itanu bwegeranya ibimenyetso, uregwa we ntiyahabwa nibura umwaka umwe wo gushaka ibimenyetso bimushinjura, kandi Urukiko rukaba rwarabikoze rutayobewe ko ababuranyi bagomba guhabwa amahirwe n’ubushobozi bingana, nk’uko bishimangirwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’andi mategeko y’imbere mu gihugu, nk’ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, irebana n’amahame y’ingenzi agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha, mu gace kayo ka 4, hakaba hateganyijwe kubahiriza ihame ry’ivuguruzanya no kureshyeshya uburenganzira bw’ababuranyi imbere y’amategeko, ndetse n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwemeje ateganya ko ababuranyi bagomba kureshya mu iburanisha. [42] Bavuga ko nubwo hatagombera iringanira mu buryo bw’imibare (égalité mathématique), Uwinkindi Jean nawe yagombaga guhabwa igihe gihagije cyo gutegura dosiye, kuko yasabye igihe cy’amezi atandatu ariko ntiyagihabwa ahubwo Urukiko rumugenera amezi abiri gusa, bikaba byaramuvukije uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko, kuko muri icyo gihe atari kuba yateguye dosiye ngo atange abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, bamwe bari hanze abandi bari mu gihugu, ngo akore n’umwanzuro, bikaba bigaragara ko yarenganye, kuko igihe yabonye kitangana n’icy’ubushinjacyaha bwabajije umutangabuhamya wa mbere mu mwaka wa 1998 naho uwa nyuma abazwa mu mwaka wa 2012, mu gihe Uwinkindi Jean yamenyeshejwe ikirego mu mwaka wa 2013, ko rero basaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruvanwaho.

## Page 14

Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [43] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko arirwo ruyobora iburanisha rukagena igikwiye, rukaba rutari rutegetswe gutanga igihe cy’amezi atandatu Uwinkindi Jean yasabye kuko nta tegeko rihari riteganya icyo gihe, byongeye kandi Uwinkindi Jean akaba yari yarabonye igihe cyo gushaka abatangabuhamya kuko ataribwo yari agifatwa; ko kuba yarageze hagati agasaba guhabwa amezi atandatu yo gushaka abatangabuhamya, Urukiko rwabisuzumye rumugenera igihe rwasanze gikwiye, ko no kuvuga ko hatabaye kureshyeshya ababuranyi kuko atahawe igihe kingana n’icy’Ubushinjacyaha, nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko hatagenderwa ku iringaniza ryo mu mibare (équilibre mathématique). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [44] Ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ryakurikizwaga Urukiko Rukuru rufata icyemezo kijuririrwa10, iteganya uburenganzira uregwa mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye muri TPIR agomba guhabwa, harimo guhabwa igihe n’ibyangombwa bikwiriye kugira ngo ategure imyiregurire ye nk’uko bivugwa mu gace ka 4º k’iyo ngingo. [45] Ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko Nº 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryakurikizwaga icyemezo kijuririrwa gifatwa11, yerekeye amahame y’ingenzi agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya mu kace kayo ka gatanu ko izo manza zigomba kubahiriza ihame ry’ivuguruzanya no kureshyeshya uburenganzira bw’ababuranyi imbere y’amategeko. [46] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yasabye igihe cy’amezi atandatu (6) yo gutegura imyanzuro yo kwiregura, mu cyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe ku itariki ya 16/05/2013, rusanga igihe asaba ari kirekire, cyane cyane ko yashyikirije Urukiko urutonde rw’abantangabuhamya be n’aho baherereye, ndetse bamwe muri bo bakaba bari baramaze kubonana n’abamwunganiraga muri TPIR, rusanga mu bushishozi bwarwo, imyanzuro yatangwa bitarenze ku wa 20/08/2013. [47] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma imiterere ya dosiye n’ibyari bimaze gukorwa, rwaragennye igihe imyanzuro yo kwiregura yagombaga gutangirwa, nta kosa rwakoze, kuko nta tegeko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bagaragaza ko ryaba ryarishwe, usibye ko nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, igihe Urukiko rwari rwatanze kivugwa mu cyemezo cyo ku wa 16/03/2013, atari cyo imyanzuro yatangiweho, ahubwo cyagiye gihinduka bitewe n’impamvu abunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean bagiye bagaragaza, ku buryo mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/09/2013, Urukiko Rukuru rwongeye kwemeza ko imyanzuro yo kwiregura izatangwa bitarenze ku wa 03/10/2013, mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 11/10/2013 hemezwa ko iyo myanzuro igomba gutangwa bitarenze ku wa 11/11/2013, naho mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 18/11/2013 Urukiko rwemeza ko izatangwa bitarenze ku wa 13/01/2014, ari nabwo yakiriwe mu bwanditsi bw’urwo Rukiko, bivuze ko n’igihe cy’amezi atandatu Uwinkindi Jean yasabaga cyarenze harebwe icyari cyatanzwe n’Urukiko ku ikubitiro n’ikindi cyagiye cyongerwa. [48] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean ko Ubushinjacyaha bwateguye dosiye igihe kinini kiruta kure icyo yahawe, bitavanaho ko ihame ryo kureshyeshya

10 Ihura n’ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda. 11 Ibyo yateganyaga, ubu biteganywa n’ingingo ya 126 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha.

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ababuranyi ryubahirijwe, kuko ikigomba kurebwa ari uko nta muburanyi uvutswa uburenganzira bwe igihe aburana nk’uko byemejwe na TPIY mu rubanza rwa Tadic12, kandi Uwinkindi Jean nawe yahawe uburenganzira bwo gutanga imyanzuro yo kwiregura aranabikora. [49] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi, kuba Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko igihe yahawe kitangaga n’icy’Ubushinjacyaha bwamaze butegura dosiye, bitabuze ko yarenganyijwe, kuko bishingiye ku nshingano ubwazo z’urwo rwego nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura bashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rusesa Imanza rwo mu Bufaransa, aho basobanura ko Ubushinjacyaha bukora akazi kabwo mu nyungu za sosiyete bushakisha ibyaha bukanaregera inkiko, mu gihe uregwa areba inyungu ze gusa, ko kuba Ubushinjacyaha mu gutegura dosiye bufata igihe kinini kurusha igihabwa uregwa ngo amenye ibikubiye muri iyo dosiye, bitavuze ko habayeho kwica ihame ryo guhabwa ubutabera buboneye.13 [50] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ryatuma urubanza ruteshwa agaciro nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira babivuga. iii) Kudahabwa ubushobozi bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [51] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku itariki ya 26/03/2013, Me Gatera Gashabana wamwunganiraga mu Rukiko Rukuru, yandikiye urwo Rukiko arushyikiriza urutonde rw’agateganyo rw’abatangabuhamya, ku wa 10/04/2013 Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste nawe wamwunganiraga muri urwo Rukiko, arugezaho urutonde rw’agateganyo rukosoye rw’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’amafaranga yasabwaga yo kujya kubashaka, ku bari hanze y’u Rwanda akaba yari 22.248$, naho abo mu Rwanda yari 775.000 Frw; ko ibijyanye n’ubushobozi byagarutsweho mu iburanisha nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo ku wa 16/05/2013 (mu bika bya 6, 21 na 22), ariko Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ikaba yaratanze 876.750 Frw yo gukora iperereza nk’uko bigaragazwa na sheki (chèque) yahawe Urugaga rw’Abavoka, mu gihe hari hasabwe 103.882.625 Frw, bikaba bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean atahawe ubushobozi bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, kuko amafaranga yagenewe atangana nibura na 1% y’ayo yasabaga. [52] Bavuga kandi ko Abavoka yari afite birukanywe mu rubanza nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa yanditswe n’Umucamanza utaramuburanishaga, asaba Urugaga ko bavanwa mu rubanza rwe, bashyiraho abandi b’Avoka atazi, ko uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yagombye kugaragaza niba abo b’Avoka barigeze baza kuri Gereza kumusaba ko yababwira abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, akanga kubitaba, ko kandi niyo byari kwitwa ko yivukije uburenganzira, Urukiko rwagombaga gutegeka abo b’Avoka bari bashyizweho kujya gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura, ariko aho kugira ngo ibyo bikorwe, ruba arirwo rubashaka, baza kuvuga ibyo batateguye kandi ubundi umutangabuhamya abanza gutegurwa, Uwinkindi Jean anasabye kubareba kugira ngo amenye ko ari abe koko, arabyangirwa kandi aho bari bari atarabarebaga, n’amajwi yabo yahinduwe. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [53] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste basabye amafaranga yo gushaka abatangabuhamya bari mu gihugu, bahabwa 876.750 Frw

12 Urubanza IT-94-1-A, igika cya 48: “…. L’égalité des armes oblige l’organe judiciaire à s’assurer qu’aucune partie n’est placée dans une situation désavantageuse lorsqu’elle présente sa cause” 13 “Eu égard à la différence fondamentale existant entre, d’une part, le ministère public qui, dans l’intérêt de la société, accomplit une mission de service public en recherchant les infractions et en exerçant l’action publique, et, d’autre part, la personne poursuivie qui défend son intérêt personnel, la circonstance, par exemple, que le premier dispose, au cours de l’instruction, de plus de temps que l’accusé pour prendre connaissance du dossier répressif n’implique pas une méconnaissance du principe général du droit à un procès equitable”. Michel Franchimont, Manuel de procédure pénale, 2e édition, larcier, p. 1123.

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batanagaragaje icyo yakoreshejwe, bageze hagati basaba amafaranga yo gushaka abatangabuhamya bari hanze y’igihugu, ariko mu gihe bari bataragaragaza ibikenewe mu gushaka abo batangabuhamya, bikura mu rubanza bavuga ko batakwemera igihembo cyashyizweho n’Urugaga na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, hashyirwaho abandi b’Avoka ariko Uwinkindi Jean arabanga, akaba atari akwiriye kuzana iyi mpamvu mu bujurire nk’inenge mu rubanza, kuko ariwe wivukije uburenganzira bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bo hanze y’igihugu, ubwo yangaga gushyikirana n’Abavoka yari yahawe kugira ngo bategure abo batangabuhamya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [54] Ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ryakurikizwaga Urukiko Rukuru rufata icyemezo kijuririrwa14 iteganya uburenganzira uregwa mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye muri TPIR agomba guhabwa, harimo guhabwa igihe n’ibyangombwa bikwiriye kugira ngo ategure imyiregurire ye, nk’uko bivugwa mu gace ka 4º k’iyo ngingo. [55] Urukiko rurasanga ku byerekeye ubushobozi bwasabwe n’abunganira Uwinkindi Jean (amafaranga yagombaga gukoreshwa mu gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura) , bigaragara ko icyo kibazo cyasuzumwe ku birebana n’inzitizi yari igamije kubanza gushyiraho abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe gukora iperereza (investigators), aho mu gika cya gatandatu (6) cy’icyemezo kijuririrwa, Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste bunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean, babwiye Urukiko ko bashobora gukora iperereza ku batangabuhamya bashinjura ariko bakaba bafite ikibazo cy’amikoro bashyikirije Minisiteri y’Ubutabera n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka, ariko bakaba batarabona igisubizo. [56] Mu gika cya 23 cy’icyemezo kijuririrwa cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko ku birebana n’icyo kibazo cy’amikoro, abunganira Uwinkindi Jean barushyikirije inyandiko igaragaza amafaranga akenewe kugira ngo bagere ku batangabuhamya bose, baba abari mu Rwanda cyangwa hanze yarwo, runasobanura ko kuba rwemeje ko abunganira Uwinkindi Jean ari bo bagomba gukora iperereza ku batangabuhamya bashinjura, bagomba kugeza kuri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka ibikenewe kugira ngo bashake ubwo buhamya, bityo bashobore gutegura imyanzuro yo kwiregura y’uwo bunganira (igika cya 24). [57] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ntacyo Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bagombye kunenga icyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwasubije ibyo abamwunganiraga bari barusabye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 26/03/2013 yandikiwe Perezida w’inteko yaburanishaga, mu byo basabaga hakaba barimo kwemeza ko bahabwa uburyo bwo gushaka abatangabuhamya bashinjura, kandi dosiye y’urubanza ikaba igaragaza ko hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo ku wa 16/05/2013 kijuririrwa, abunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean basabye guhabwa ubwo buryo nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa bandikiye Umukuru w’Arugaga rw’Abavoka yo ku wa 22/05/201315, banatanga imbonerahamwe y’ibyari bikenewe. [58] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, mu rwego rwo guhabwa amafaranga yo gukora iperereza, abunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean bahawe amafaranga agaragazwa na sheki (chèque) iri muri dosiye, yo gushaka abatangabuhamya b’imbere mu gihugu, banasobanura ko ku batangabuhamya bo hanze y’igihugu, bari mu mishyikirano n’abaterankunga nk’uko babivugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 26/11/2014, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko habanza kumvwa abatangabuhamya b’imbere mu gihugu

14 Ihura n’ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda. 15 Impamvu y’iyo baruwa: Gusaba uburyo bwo gushaka abatangabuhamwa: urubanza RP 0002/12/HCCI rwo ku wa 16/05/2013.

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mu gihe hagitegerejwe iyo mishyikirano, ariko nk’uko bigaragara, abo bamwunganiraga baje kwivana mu rubanza, abandi bunganizi Uwinkindi Jean yagenewe nyuma, yanga ko bashyikirana kugira ngo bategurane urubanza kuko ari nabwo bashoboraga gukurikirana ibyo abo basimbuye mu rubanza bari batangiye. [59] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean ko Abavoka yagenewe bwa kabiri batigeze baza kumureba kuri Gereza ngo bamusabe kubabwira abatangabuhamya bamushinjura, Urukiko rurasanga atari ukuri, kuko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 23/09/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru, abo b’Avoka barugejejeho imbogamizi bahuye nayo kugira ngo bategure imyanzuro yo kwiregura nk’uko bari babisabwe, kuko bagiye kureba uwo bunganira muri Gereza ku wa 03/08/2015, ariko ko umucungagereza yagiye kumubwira akanga gusohoka avuga ko atabazi, nk’uko yanakomeje kubivuga mu maburanisha atandukanye, ndetse no ku batangabuhamya bari barashatswe n’abamwunganiraga mbere, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yarahawe umwanya wo kugira icyo ababaza ariko arabyanga, bivuze ko yivukije amahirwe yo kuba yashaka abatangabuhamya yifuzaga, ibyo kandi bikaba bitaba ikosa ry’Urukiko kuko ntacyo rwari kubikoraho nk’uko byanemejwe mu rubanza rwa Clément Kayishema na Obed Ruzindana mu rwego rw’ubujurire, narwo rushingiye ku byemejwe mu rubanza rwaciwe na TPIY mu rubanza rwa TADIC16, bityo ingingo y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean ikaba nta shingiro ifite. II.2.2. Gufatirwa icyemezo n’umucamanza yihannye Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [60] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/02/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru, Uwinkindi Jean yihannye umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice wari uyoboye inteko yamuburanishaga, kubera ko atamuhaga umwanya w’ijambo uhagije muri urwo rubanza, ko yamwamburaga ijambo nta mpamvu akanamucecekesha, ko ataranzwe n’ikinyabupfura kuko yamusubizanyaga ubukana n’uburakari, ko yashingiye ku bimenyetso by’uruhande rumwe rw’Ubushinjacyaha, kandi ko atamuhaye umwanya ungana n’uw’Ubushinjacyaha, ndetse ko yamuhatiye kunganirwa n’Abavoka atihitiyemo, nyamara mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 16/02/2015, urwo Rukiko ntirwabiha agaciro kuko rwemeje ko ibyo avuga bitagaragaza ko uwo mucamanza amufitiye urwango, rwirengagiza ko Uwinkindi Jean we yavugaga ko atakimufitiye icyizere kubera impamvu zasobanuwe haruguru. [61] Uwunganira Uwinkindi Jean yongeyeho ko “par déduction”, asanga umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice yari afitiye Uwinkindi Jean urwango kubera ko igihe cy’iburanisha, yamwamburaga ijambo akanamusubizanya uburakari. [62] Basaba ko urubanza RP 0002/12/HCCI rwateshwa agaciro kubera ko rwaciwe mu buryo butaboneye, bitewe n’uko rwaciwe n’umucamanza Uwinkindi Jean yihannye kubera impamvu zavuzwe haruguru, kandi ko yanakingiwe ikibaba na bagenzi be bituma agaruka mu rubanza, kuko nabo bigeze kwihanwa mu rubanza rwa Mbarushimana Kunda Emmanuel n’urwa Mugesera Léon, ariko bakingirwa ikibaba n’umucamanza Uwinkindi Jean yari yihannye. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [63] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 171, 3º, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigenga imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko, hamwe n’ingingo ya 99, 3º, y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ryakurikizwaga igihe Uwinkindi Jean

16 Urubanza ICTR-95-1-A rwaciwe ku wa oi/06/2001, igika cya 73: “La chambre d’appel fait sien les arguments de la chambre d’appel du TPIY dans l’affaire Tadic, selon laquelle le principe de l’égalité des armes ne s’applique pas aux circonstances qui ont empêché une partie d’assurer la présence de certains témoins, lorsqu’elles échappent au contrôle du tribunal”

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yaburaniraga ku rwego rwa mbere, umuburanyi yashoboraga kwihana umucamanza umufitiye urwango, ariko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira nta bimenyetso bifatika batanze bigaragaza ko umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice, wari uyoboye inteko iburanisha, yari amufitiye urwango nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 16/02/2015, kuko hakurikijwe amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza (procédure ou police d’audience), umucamanza uyuboye inteko niwe ugena igihe umuburanyi afatira ijambo, kandi ko ashobora kurimwaka mu gihe abonye avuye mu murongo w’ikiburanwa, bivuze ko umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice nk’uwari uyoboye inteko iburanisha, atagombaga kugendera kuri za “caprices” za Uwinkindi Jean, ko ahubwo niba yaramuhaye ijambo akavuga ibitajyanye n’urubanza, yari afite inshingano zo kumwaka ijambo, ariko ko uwajuriye atakwitwaza ko yakoze “deduction” agasanga yari amufitiye urwango kandi nta kimenyetso abitangiye nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [64] Ingingo ya 99, 3º, y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ryakurikizwaga igihe Uwinkindi Jean yaburaniraga ku rwego rwa mbere, iteganya ko umucamanza wese bashobora kumwihana iyo umwe mu baburanyi agaragaje inshingiro ry’urwango afitanye n’umucamanza. [65] Inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/02/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru, n’inyandiko itanga ibisobanuro by’ubwihane bw’umucamanza, bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yihannye umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice wari uyoboye inteko yamuburanishaga, kubera ko yamwimye ijambo bituma atabasha kwiregura, ko ahubwo yumvaga uruhande rumwe gusa rw’Ubushinjacyaha, kandi ko yamusubizanyaga ubukana n’uburakari bukabije, ndetse ko yanafataga n’ibyemezo binyuranyije n’amategeko bigamije kumwambura uburenganzira bwe ahabwa n’amategeko nk’uregwa, ko ibyo byamugaragarizaga ko uwo mucamanza amufitiye urwango nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 99, 3º, y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [66] Mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 16/02/2015, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 173, 3º y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkinko n’ingingo ya 99, 3º y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwasobanuye ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avuga birebana no kudahabwa ijambo, gushingira ku bimenyetso by’uruhande rumwe, kudahabwa umwanya ungana mu iburanisha, gusubizanywa uburakari no guhatirwa kunganirwa n’abavoka atihitiyemo, bitagaragaza ko umucamanza Ndengakuriyo Alice amufitiye urwango, kuko ibyo asobanura bitagaragaza ishingiro ryarwo ku buryo Urukiko rwabishingiraho rwakira ikirego cye. [67] Urukiko rurasanga imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze amakosa mu gusuzuma ibijyanye n’uko umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice yari amufitiye urwango, kandi we yaramwihannye hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko atakimufitiye icyizere, nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko ibisobanuro yatanze mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/02/2015 no mu nyandiko itanga ibisobanuro by’ubwihane yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragaza ko yamwihannye hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yari amufitiye urwango, cyane cyane ko n’ingingo ya 99,3º y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 yashingiyeho mu nyandiko itanga ibisobanuro by’ubwihane, irebana n’urwango umuburanyi aba afitanye n’umucamanza. [68] Urukiko rurasanga na none, ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko yihannye umucamanza kuko atari akimufitiye icyizere, usibye ko atari yo mpamvu Uwinkindi Jean yashyikirije Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, nta n’ubwo iri mu ziteganywa n’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 cyangwa Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 yose yavuzwe

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haruguru, yombi ateganya impamvu umucamanza ashobora kwihanwa, ahubwo kuba Uwinkindi Jean yarumvaga ko umucamanza Ngendakuriyo Alice amufitiye urwango, nicyo cyatumye amutakariza icyizere. [69] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubwihane bwa Ngendakuriyo Alice nta shingiro gifite, kubera ko nta kimenyetso Uwinkindi Jean yatanze kigaragaza ishingiro ry’urwango yari amufitiye, kuko kuba uwo mucamanza, nk’uwari uyoboye inteko yaburanishaga, yaba yaramwatse ijambo nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean abivuga, atari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari amufitiye urwango, ko ahubwo byari mu nshingano ze zo kuyobora iburanisha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 68 y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [70] Urukiko rurasanga kandi imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko abacamanza basuzumye ubwihane bwa Ngendakuriyo Alice bamukingiye ikibaba bituma atavanwa mu rubanza rwe nk’uko nawe yakibakingiye mu zindi manza, nta shingiro ifite, kuko amategeko17 ateganya ko iyo umucamanza yihanwe mu rubanza n’umuburanyi, Perezida w’Urukiko ashyiraho inteko y’umucamanza umwe cyangwa benshi kugira ngo isuzume ishingiro ry’ubwo bwihane, bityo kuba inteko yashyizweho yarasuzumye impamvu z’ubwihane bwa Ngendakuriyo Alice zatanzwe na Uwinkindi Jean, bakemeza ko nta shingiro zifite, bidasobanuye ko bamukingiye ikibaba nk’uko ashaka kubyumvikanisha, kuko abivuga gusa ariko atabigaragariza ikimenyetso. II.2.3. Kuba ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kitaragombaga kwakirwa Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [71] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko yatanze inzitizi mu Rukiko Rukuru yo kutakira ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha, mu cyemezo cy’urwo Rukiko cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, rusanga rutasuzuma izo nzitizi rutinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza ngo rurebe niba ibikorwa rwaregewe bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko aregwa kandi ko aribyo koko Ubushinjacyaha bwaregeye Urukiko, bityo izo nzitizi zikaba zigomba kuzasuzumirwa hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi, nyamara nta handi Urukiko Rukuru rwongeye kugaruka kuri izo nzitizi mu mizi y’urubanza. [72] Basanga Uwinkindi Jean yarimwe ubutabera kuko ntacyo Urukiko rwavuze kuri izo nzitizi, bikaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 10 y'Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ku kintu cyose cyasabwe, Urukiko rugomba kugifataho icyemezo, bityo urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rugomba guteshwa agaciro. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [73] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro ifite, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye mu gika cya 37 cy’urubanza rwaciye ku wa 16/05/2013, ntirwari gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego rutarinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, bitewe n’uko iyo nzitizi yari ishingiye ku birego Uwinkindi Jean yaregwaga. Avuga kandi ko ibivugwa n’uwajuriye ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagarutse kuri icyo kibazo mu mikirize y’urubanza mu mizi, atari ukuri, kuko mu bika bya 160 na 161 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwemeje ko rwakiriye ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha, runemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, bivuze ko rwasanze inzitizi zari zatanzwe nta shingiro zari zifite, nubwo ikibazo kitasuzumwe cyitwa gutyo.

17 Ibirebana no kwihana umucamanza biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 102 na 103 z’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ryakurikizwaga igihe Uwinkindi Jean yatangaga ikirego cy’ubwihane ku rwego rwa mbere.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [74] Ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi18 Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bashingiraho impamvu y’ubujurire, iteganya ko ‘’Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine. [75] Nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo ku wa 16/05/201319, Uwinkindi Jean yatanze inzitizi zo kutakira ibirego bitatu: - Ikijyanye n’icyaha cy’itsembatsemba nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, kuko ntaho gitaniye n’icyaha cya jenocide; - Ikijyanye no kuba icyitso cy’abandi, kuko Ubushinjacyaha bwagitanze butabyemerewe, bitewe n’uko Urukiko rwa TPIR rwagihanaguye mu birego aregwa n’Ubushinjacyaha; - Ikirego kijyanye no kutagira icyo akora ngo ahagarike ubwicanyi, kuko rutakiregewe kandi kikaba kitari mu bubasha bwarwo. [76] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko inzitizi ijyanye n’icyaha cy’itsembatsemba nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu itasuzumwa, kuko urubanza rutaraburanishwa mu mizi, naho izindi nzitizi zikaba nta shingiro zifite, kuko ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean avuga butabimureze20. [77] Mu cyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe ku wa 16/05/2013, rwasobanuye ko rutasuzuma inzitizi zatanzwe rutinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza ngo rurebe niba ibikorwa rwaregewe bigize ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko aregwa, kandi ko aribyo koko Ubushinjacyaha bwaregeye Urukiko, ko rero izo nzitizi zizasuzumirwa hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi21. [78] Nk’uko bimaze kwibutswa, inzitizi Uwinkindi Jean yatanze zari zigamije kutakira bimwe mu birego birebana n’ibyaha avuga ko yaregwaga, kuko icyaha cy’itsembatsemba nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, kidatandukanye n’icyaha cya jenoside, ko kandi atagombaga kuregwa kuba icyitso cy’abandi kuko TPIR yakivanye mu byaha aregwa, naho kutagira icyo akora ngo ahagarike ubwicanyi, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutarakiregewe. [79] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ku birebana n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kirebana n’itsembatsemba (kurimbura) nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, kuko ntaho gitaniye n’icyaha cya jenoside, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko iyo nzitizi itasuzumwa hatinjiwe mu mizi y’urubanza, kuko bitari gushoboka ko ruyifataho icyemezo mbere yo gutanga ibimenyetso by’ibikorwa bigize icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho, nk’uko byanemejwe na TPIY mu rubanza rwa Celebici22.

18 Ihura n’ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryakurikizwaga ubwo icyemezo kijuririrwa cyafatwaga. 19 Reba igika cya 35. 20 Reba igika cya 36. 21 Reba igika cya 37. 22 Urubanza IT-96-21-A rwaciwwe ku wa 20/02/2001, igika cya 400: “Le cumul de qualification peut être autorisé en tenant compte du fait que, avant la présentation de tous les moyens de preuve, il n’est pas possible de savoir avec certitude laquelle des charges contre un accusé sera établie. Après la présentation de leurs moyens respectifs par les parties, en se fondant sur les éléments de preuve qui ont été présentés, la Chambre est mieux à même d’apprécier laquelle des charges pourrait être retenue. Par ailleurs, le cumul de qualifications constitue la pratique courante aussi bien au Tribunal de céans qu’au TPIR”.

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[80] Ku birebana n’uko Urukiko Rukuru rutagarutse kuri icyo kibazo mu mikirize y’urubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gika cya 159 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarasobanuye ko: Rusanga ibyaha bya jenocide no kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu bihama Uwinkindi Jean, bikaba byarakozwe mu buryo by’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83.2º a, y’Itegeko rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe hejuru, kandi byose bikaba bihanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko. Ariko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya gatanu bis y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 08/2013OL ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Ngenga Nº 31/2007 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa, ivuga ko uwahamwe n’icyaha mu rubanza rwimuriwe mu Rwanda ruvuye mu Rukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda cyangwa mu kindi gihugu, adashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko, Uwinkindi Jean agomba guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [81] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusaranga, nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rutavuze ko ibivugwa muri icyo gika birebana n’inzitizi Uwinkindi Jean yatanze, ariko ibisobanuro rwatanze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 83, 2º a y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga urubanza rucibwa ku rwego rwa mbere23, bisubiza ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Uwinkindi Jean yarashoboraga gukurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, naho ku bisobanuro birambuye kuri icyo kibazo, bikaba bitangwa ku mpamvu y’ubujurire yihariye Uwinkindi Jean yatanze. [82] Ku birenaba n’ibindi birego Uwinkindi Jean yasabaga ko bitakirwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ntacyari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru gusuzuma niba koko ibyo birego byari mu byo aregwa, harebwe inyandiko itanga ikirego y’Ubushinjacyaha. [83] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko nubwo atari ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabifashe ahubwo rukemeza ko inzitizi zizasuzumirwa hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi, atari inenge yatuma urubanza ruteshwa agaciro, kuko imikirize yarwo igaragaza ko ibyaha bibiri Uwinkindi Jean yasabaga ko bitakirwa, bitari mu byo yarezwe nk’uko n’Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwabisobanuye mu gika cya 36 cy’icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo ku wa 16/05/2013, bivuze rero ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean ntacyo yahindura ku rubanza rwagaragaje ibyaha bimuhama, hashingiwe ku byo yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha. II.3. Ubujurire burebana n’imizi y’urubanza II.3.1. Gukosora inyandiko itanga ikirego Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [84] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko yatanze inzitizi mu Rukiko Rukuru yo kutakira ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha, bitaba ibyo inyandiko itanga ikirego igakosorwa kugira ngo ihuzwe n’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko rigena kwimurira imanza mu Rwanda, kuko muri iyo nyandiko harimo ibintu bidasobanutse, ariko ko ubu basaba ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyateshwa agaciro kuko habayeho kuvanga ibintu, aho Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko abantu bahawe amabwiriza yo kwica, ahandi bukavuga ko abo bantu bishwe. [85] Basobanura ko mu mwanzuro w’Ubushinjacyaha wo ku wa 24/11/2014 ku rupapuro rwa 16, havugwa ngo, kuri uwo munsi kandi na none Abatutsi bitwa Paul Kamanzi, Déo Ntaganzwa na Jean Bosco Munyanziza barishwe, bisubirwamo ku rupapuro rwa 36 aho bwavuze ko, avuga ko nyuma y’iyo nama hishwe umushoferi w’Umututsi wo muri Serire Nyiramatuntu, yicwa n’agatsiko kayobowe na Banguka wari uvuye muri iyo nama ndetse hicwa na Paul Kamanzi, Ntaganzwa Jean Bosco na Munyanziza mu gihe mu kirego cyo ku wa 24/06/2013 ku rupapuro rwa 10, Ubushinjacyaha

23 Iyo ngingo iri mu gice cy’impurirane z’ibyaha, iteganya ko haba impurirane y’imbonezamugambi iyo igikorwa kimwe ubwacyo gishobora kubyara ibyaha byinshi.

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bwagize buti: mu bo Uwinkindi yahaye amabwiriza harimo Semanyenzi, Kayinamura, Déo Ntaganzwa, Jean Bosco Munyanziza, hepfo gato bwongera kuvuga buti ... muri icyo gitero, Déo Ntaganzwa na Jean Bosco Munyanziza bishe Paul Kamanzi. [86] Basanga harabayeho kuvanga ibintu, kuko umuntu atahabwa amabwiriza yo kwica ngo abe ari we wicwa, bivuze ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza uburyo bumwe bw’uko ibintu byagenze (version unique des faits), bikaba binavuze ko ibyo buvuga atari ukuri, ariyo mpamvu icyemezo kigomba guteshwa agaciro. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [87] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibijyanye na Paul Kamanzi, Déo Ntaganzwa na Jean Bosco Munyanziza byavuzwe mu buhamya bwa BZJ muri TPIR bwashingiweho mu gutanga ikirego, ariko mu rubanza rujuririrwa bikaba bitaragarutsweho, ko kandi n’iyo bigarukwaho, bishobora kuba ari ukwibeshya ku muntu umwe, bikaba bidashobora kuba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha, kuko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira batagaragaza Itegeko bashingiraho ibyo bavuga, ko ahubwo Uwinkindi Jean yagombye gusaba ko mu bantu aregwa ko yishe hakurwamo Déo Ntaganzwa na Jean Bosco Munyanziza, kubera ko batari mu biciwe ku Rusengero rw’i Kayenzi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [88] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, mbere yo kuburana mu Rukiko Rukuru, Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganiraga (Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Niyibizi Jean Baptiste), batanze imyanzuro irimo inzitizi bifuzaga ko zabanza gusuzumwa mbere y’iburanisha mu mizi: Inzitizi irebana no kubanza gushyiraho abunganizi b’Abavoka bashinzwe iperereza, inzitizi zireba inyandiko yo gutanga ikirego, n’inzitizi zirebana no kutakira ikirego. [89] Ku bijyanjye n’inzitizi zireba inyandiko yo gutanga ikirego, bagaragaje ikibazo kijyanye n’ururimi rukoreshwa, ndetse no kuba uregwa yarashyikirijwe inyandiko ituzuye, kuko Uwinkindi Jean atashyikirijwe inyandikomvugo y’umutangabuhamya BZI, ndetse ko inyandikomvugo y’umutangabuhamya BZK yuzuyemo ubuhisho ku buryo nta wamenya ubuhamya yatanze ubwo ari bwo. Naho ku nzitizi yo kutakira ibirego, bavugaga ko Uwinkindi Jean atakurikiranwaho icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kuko ntaho gitaniye n’icyaha cya jenoside, no kuba Ubushinjacyaha bwaragaruye ikirego kijyanye no kuba icyitso cy’abandi kandi butabyemerewe, banavuga ko ikirego cyo kutagira icyo akora ngo ahagarike ubwicanyi kitakwakirwa kuko kitaregewe. [90] Urukiko rurasanga, nkuko bimaze kugaragazwa, nta nzitizi yo gukosora inyandiko itanga ikirego Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganira bigeze batanga mu Rukiko Rukuru, ikaba rero itasuzumirwa bwa mbere mu rwego rw’ubujurire, kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, yumvikanisha ko mu bujurire hasuzumwa amakosa uwajuriye yifuza ko akosorwa, ni ukuvuga akubiye mu cyemezo kiba cyafashwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [91] Iby’uko nta kibazo gishya cyagibwaho impaka mu bujurire, byemejwe mu manza nyinshi zaciwe na TPIR, nk’urubanza rwa Musema rwashimangiye ibyemejwe mu rubanza rwa Kambanda, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko kuba ujurira nta kibazo yabyukije ku rwego rwa mbere, bisobanuye ko yivukije uburenganzira bwe bwo gutanga icyo kibazo nk’impamvu y’ubujurire yemewe, keretse haramutse hariho impamvu zihariye zabimubujije24.

24 Urubanza ICTR –96-13-A rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2001, igika cya 341.

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[92] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, kuba Uwinkindi Jean ataragaragaje impamvu yihariye yamubujije gutanga icyo kibazo ku rwego rwa mbere, itasuzumwa bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire. II.3.2. Kumenya niba Uwinkindi Jean atakurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [93] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko inyandiko itanga ikirego y’Ubushinjacyaha igaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranweho icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu biteganywa kandi bihanishwa n’ingingo za 120, 121, 114 na 115 z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga igihe Uwinkindi Jean yaburanaga ku rwego rwa mbere, ariko basanga ataragombaga gukurikiranwaho ibyo byaha byombi kuko bigizwe n’ibikorwa bimwe aregwa by’uko yashyizeho za bariyeri, kuba yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bo mu Rwankeri, abo muri Komine Kanzenze, abari mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, n’abari ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, kuba yarayoboye inama zateguye ubwicanyi, kuba yarashakiye abicanyi inkunga z’inzego z’umutekano, no kuba yarayoboye ibitero byiciwemo Abatutsi benshi, ndetse ko n’ibisobanuro bitangwa ku mikorere y’icyaha kimwe, ku mpamvu zatumye gikorwa no ku bushake bwo kugikora, ari nabyo bitangwa ku mikorere, ku mpamvu no ku bushake bwo gukora ikindi cyaha, nyamara ibikorwa biteganywa n’amategeko bigize icyaha kimwe, ataribyo bigize ikindi cyaha. Ikindi n’uko ibyo byaha byombi bitandukanywa gusa n’uko kuri kimwe harimo ijambo abaturage b’abasivire bagabweho ibitero kubera ubwoko bwabo bw’Abatutsi. [94] Basobanura ko ikindi kigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean atagombaga gukurikiranwaho ibyaha bibiri byavuzwe haruguru, ari uko kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa, igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yagize uruhare mu bikorwa bitanu (5) bikurikira: kuba yari mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhungiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye, kuba yaritabiriye inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariye Abahutu kwica Abatutsi no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yavuyemo mu gushyiraho icyiswe komite y’umutekano no kuyiyobora, akaba ariyo yakoraga inama zavuyemo gushyiraho za bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi no gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu duce dutandukanye, kuba yarakanguriye Abahutu ubwicanyi no kubashyigikira abagenera icumbi n’ibibatunga, kubashakira inkunga y’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zo kubafasha mu bwicanyi, no gutera akanyabugabo Abajandarume bari bacitse intege mu kubashakira inkunga y’amafaranga mu baturage, kuba ariwe wari ufite ububasha bwo kwemeza abicwa n’abaticwa n’ubwo kubuza ko abicanyi baryozwa ibikorwa byabo no kugena uburyo n’ahantu abishwe bahambwa, no kuba yaragiye mu bitero akanabiyobora. [95] Bavuga ko ahubwo Uwinkindi Jean akwiye gukurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside kuko abapfuye bose bazize kuba bari Abatutsi, ndetse ko n’abagize uruhare mu kubica babikoraga mu rwego rwo kwica Abatutsi babaziza ubwoko bwabo, uretse ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kubica aribwo butandukanye nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gace ka 134 k’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwagize ruti: urukiko rusanga Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranweho n’Ubushijacyaha kuba yaragabye ibitero rusange kandi byasimusiga hagamijwe kurimbura Abatutsi batari abasirikare abaziza ubwoko bwabo, ibyo akabikora mu bice bitandukanye byo mu cyahoze ari Komini Kanzenze, nk’uko rwanabisobanuye mu gace ka 117 k’urwo rubanza, aho rwagize ruti: agikora yica Abatutsi agamije kubarimbura abaziza ubwoko bwabo. [96] Bavuga na none ko Urukiko Rukuru rutatandukanyije ibyo byaha byombi haba mu mikorere yabyo cyangwa mu bikorwa bivugwa ko Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare, kuko rutasobanuye neza ibyakozwe mu rwego rwo gutsotsoba icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyakozwe mu rwego rwo gutsotsoba icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu ngo runatandukanye ibikorwa bivugwa ku cyaha kimwe n’ibivugwa

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ku kindi cyaha, bityo ko rwanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, itegeka umucamanza cyangwa urukiko gusobanura impamvu yatumye aha agaciro ibyavuzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kurusha ibyavuzwe n’undi, ndetse ko rutanubahirije n’ingingo ya 151 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu mwaka wa 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe mu 2015, iteganya ko “urubanza rwose rwaciwe rugomba kugaragaza impamvu rushingiyeho. Imyiregurire y’Ubushinjacyaha [97] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kubera koingingo ya 83, 2º y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga igihe urubanza rwacibwaga ku rwego rwa mbere, iteganya ko igikorwa kimwe gishobora kubyara ibyaha byinshi nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 159 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, kandi ko iryo hame ryashimangiwe n’abahanga mu mategeko barimo Christiane Hennau na Jacques Verhaegen mu gitabo cyabo cyiswe “Droit Pénal Général”, aho basobanuye ko igikorwa kimwe gishobora kubyara ibyaha byinshi25. [98] Avuga kandi ko mu gika cya 159 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Uwinkindi Jean yahamijwe, byakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi (Concours idéal d’infractions) nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 83, 2º y’Itegeko–Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, ariko ko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira batigeze banenga ibisobanuro (motivation) byatanzwe n’urwo Rukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [99] Ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryakurikizwaga ubwo Uwinkindi Jean yaregwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, itanga igisobanuro cy’icyaha cya jenoside26, naho ingingo ya 120 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga igatanga igisobanuro cy’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu27. [100] Na none, ingingo ya 83, 2º, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko habaho impurirane y’ imbonezamugambi iyo:

25 Abo bahanga babisobanuye mu rurimi rw’igifaransa mu buryo bukurikira: “Une personne peut avoir à répondre devant ses juges de plusieurs faits constitutifs chacun d’une infraction ou bien d’un fait unique dont les caractères répondent à plusieurs incriminations légales, la première hypothèse réalise ce que la dotrine appelle le concours matériel ou physique d’infractions, la seconde le concours idéal ou intellectuel”, par Christiane Hennau na Jacques Verhaegen, Droit Pénal Général, Bruyant, Bruxelles, 2003, page 429. 26 Ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe harugru, iteganya ko icyaha cya Jenoside ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira cyakozwe mu buryo bwateguwe kigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu,ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini, bazira icyo bari cyo, haba mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by'intambara: 1° kwica abo bantu; 2° kubatera ubumuga bw'umubiri cyangwa bwo mu mutwe; 3° kubashyira, ubigambiriye, mu mibereho ishobora gutuma barimbuka bose cyangwa harimbuka igice cyabo; 4° gufata ibyemezo bibabuza kubyara; 5° kubambura ku ngufu urubyaro rwabo ukaruha abandi bantu badahuje. 27 Ingingo ya 120, agace ka 8º, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byibasiye abaturage batari abasirikare bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko, cyangwa idini: 1° kwica; 2° kurimbura; 3° gushyira mu bucakara; 4° gutwara bunyago cyangwa kubimura ku ngufu aho bari batuye; 5° gufunga umuntu cyangwa kumwambura uburenganzira bwe bwo kujya aho ashaka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko; 6° kwica urubozo; 7° gusambanya ku gahato, ubucakara bushingiye ku gitsina, gukoresha uburaya ku gahato, guhagarika urubyaro ku gahato cyangwa ikindi gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina risa n'ibimaze kuvugwa; 8° gutoteza umuntu umuziza ibitekerezo bye bya politiki, ubwoko, idini cyangwa se ushingiye ku rindi vangura iryo ari ryo ryose; 9° kurigisa abantu; 10° ivangura rishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu; 11° ibindi bikorwa birenze kamere muntu bisa n'ibimaze kuvugwa bikozwe ku bushake bigamije kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge.

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- Igikorwa kimwe ubwacyo gishobora kubyara ibyaha byinshi; - Igikorwa kimwe kigizwe n’ibikorwa bitandukanye bigize ubwabyo ibyaha bitandukanye, bihujwe n’uko bigamije umugambi w’icyaha kimwe cyangwa n’uko bimwe muri byo ari impamvu zongera ububi bw’icyaha. [101] Ingingo ya 83 imaze kuvugwa, yemera ko hashobora kubaho impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwanabyemeje mu gika cya 159 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwasobanuye ko icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura) bihama Uwinkindi Jean, byakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83,2º, a y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [102] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umuntu ashobora gukurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, cyafashweho icyemezo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe na TPIR, nko mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Elizaphan Ntakirutimana na Gérard Ntakirutimana28, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko ikigomba kurebwa ari uko ibigize icyaha biba bitandukanye, ko ku birebana n’icyaha cya jenoside, umugambi wo gukora icyaha ugaragarira mu gushaka kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwoko cyangwa ku ibara ry’uruhu, mu gihe ku birebana n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, ugikora abazi azi ko gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byibasiye abaturage b’abasivili bazira impamvu z’ivangura. Rwabisobanuye muri ubu buryo: “Par contre, le cumul de déclaration de culpabilité n’est admissible que lorsque les éléments constitutifs des crimes considérés sont nettement distincts. En l’espèce, Gérard Ntakirutimana est coupable de génocide et de crime contre l’humanité (assassinat). La chambre estime que les éléments constitufifs des deux infractions sont nettement distincts. Ainsi l’élément moral du crime de génocide réside dans l’intention de détruire, en tout ou en partie, un groupe ethnique ou racial. Or, cet élément n’est pas requis pour qu’un crime contre l’humanité soit constitué. En effet l’élément moral du crime contre l’humanité (assassinat) réside dans le fait que l’agent sait que le meurtre qu’il commet s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une attaque généralisée ou systématique dirigée contre une population civile pour des motifs discriminatoires. Par conséquent, Gérard Ntakirutimana sera déclaréré coupable des deux chefs d’accusation.” [103] Ibyemejwe mu rubanza rumaze kuvugwa ni nako byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Musema Alfred, kuko narwo rwasobanuye ko icyaha cya jenoside kiba kigamije kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini, mu gihe icyaha cy’ibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), gikorwa mu bitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byibasiye abaturage b’abasivili. Rwasanze rero byemewe ko umuntu ashobora guhanirwa icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura) hashingiwe ku bikorwa bimwe. Rwabisobanuye muri ubu buryo: “Le génocide exige la preuve de l’intetion de détruire, en tout ou en partie, un groupe national, ethnique, racial ou religieux, à la différence de l’extérmination en tant que crime contre l’humanité. Celle-ci exige de rapporter la preuve que le crime a été commis dans le cadre d’une attaque généralisée ou systématique dirigée contre une population civile, preuve qui n’est pas exigée pour établir le génocide. La chambre d’appel considère qu’il est permis de reconnaître un accusé coupable des chefs de génocide et d’extermination en tant que crime contre l’humanité sur la base des mêmes faits”.29 [104] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83 yavuzwe haruguru no ku byemejwe mu manza zimaze kuvugwa, ntacyari kubuza ko Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside (kwica) n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), kuko ibishingirwaho kugira ngo hemezwe ko ibyo byaha byakozwe bitandukanye harebwe ibisobanuro

28 Urubanza ICTR-96 10-T et ICTR-96-17-T rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2003, igika cya 864. 29 Urubanza ICTR-96-13-A rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2001, ibika bya 366- 370.

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bitangwa n’ingingo ya 114 n’iya 120 z’Itegeko Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [105] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, usibye kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaratanze ibisobanuro birambuye by’impamvu Uwinkindi Jean ashobora gukurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside (kwica) n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), nta kosa rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ashobora gukurikiranwaho icyarimwe ibyo byaha byombi. [106] Ku birebana n’imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rutatandukanyije icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, kuko rutagaragaje imikorere ya buri cyaha n’ibikorwa bigize buri cyaha, Urukiko rurasanga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko mu gika cya 116 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze ibisobanuro ku birebana n’icyaha cya jenoside, aho rwasobanuye ko ari kimwe mu bikorwa bivugwa mu ngingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, birimo kwica abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bazira ubwoko bwabo. [107] Urukiko rurasanga kandi mu bika bya 118 na 119 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarondoye ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside Uwinkindi Jean yakoze hagamijwe kwica Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi no mu duce tuhegereye, babaziza ubwoko bwabo, birimo kuba yaritabiriye inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yayivuyemo yatumye hashyirwaho Komite y’Umutekano no kuyiyobora, kandi ko iyo Komite yakoraga inama zavuyemo gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi, no gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe kuri urwo rusengero, no mu bitero byagabwe mu duce dutandukanye, ndetse ko ari nawe wari ufite ububasha bwo kwemeza abicwaga n’abaticwa, kubuza ko abicanyi bataryozwa ibikorwa byabo, no kugena uburyo n’ahantu abishwe bahambwa. [108] Urukiko rurasanga na none mu bika bya 122 na 123 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ibikorwa bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ubushake bwihariye bwo gukora jenoside, ni ukuvuga kwica igice kimwe cy’Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi no mu nkengero zarwo, abaziza ubwoko bwabo, ibyo bikorwa bikaba birimo kuba yari mu gatsiko kahatiye Abahutu guhungira ku rusengero mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhungiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye, kuba yarayoboye inama zari zigamije gutegura uburyo ibitero byagombaga kugabwa ku Batutsi bikorwa, maze mu gika cya 126 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwanzura ko hashingiwe ku bikorwa no ku mugambi byagaragajwe haruguru, rusanga Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside giteganywa n’ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru. [109] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Urukiko rurasanga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko mu gika cya 133, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko kurimbura ari kimwe mu bikorwa bigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu nk’uko giteganywa n’ingingo ya 120 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru, bikoze mu rwego rw’ibitero rusange cyangwa bya simusiga byateguwe hagamijwe kwica abaturage batari abasirikare bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko bwabo cyangwa idini. [110] Urukiko rurasanga kandi mu bika bya 136 na 137 by’urwo rubanza, urwo Rukiko rwarondoye ibikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yakoze bigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), byarimbuye imbaga y’Abatutsi baguye mu bitero bya simusiga byagabwe mu nkengero z’urusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi, birimo kuba yarakoresheje inama zateguye ibitero bigamije kurimbura Abatutsi no gutunga ababijyagamo, kuba yaragiye mu bitero akanabiyobora byishe abantu benshi barimo Bandora Sébastien, Ngabo, Mutimura, umuhungu wa Ndekezi n’uwa Muzezayo Charles, Nyirankangura, Nsengiyumva, Habarugira Emmanuel, Muderi clothilde, Rwibasira Justin n’abandi.

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[111] Na none kandi mu bika bya 138 na 139 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko ubushake bwa Uwinkindi Jean bwo gukora icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), bugaragarira mu bushake bwo kwica imbaga y’abantu cyangwa kubigiramo uruhare, kandi ko uwo mugambi ugaragarira ku kuba nyuma y’aho Burugumesitiri Gatanazi amubwiye ko ahandi hose batangiye gukora, Uwinkindi Jean yemeye gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi ubwo yayoboraga Komite yateguye ibitero byagabwe mu buryo bwa simusiga ku Batutsi bari barahungiye mu bice bitandukanye muri Komini Kanzeze, kandi ko yagiye muri ibyo bitero aranabiyobora, ndetse ko yanashakishije inkunga y’Inzego za Leta zari zishinzwe umutekano kugira ngo zongerere abicanyi imbaraga, mu rwego rwo gusohoza umugambi wo kurimbura imbaga y’Abatutsi, abaziza ubwoko bwabo kandi azi neza ko batari abasirikare. Mu gika cya 140 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, urwo Rukiko rwanzuye ko harebwe ibikorwa n’umugambi byavuzwe haruguru, rusanga Uwinkindi Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 120 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru. [112] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaratandukanyije icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, runagaragaza ibikorwa n’imikorere bya buri cyaha nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bityo imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rutatandukanyije ibyo byaha byombi ikaba nta shingiro ifite. II.3.2. Kumenya niba Uwinkindi Jean yarahaniwe icyaha atakurikiranyweho kandi atarezwe Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [113] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe anahanirwa icyaha cyo kuba icyitso kandi atarakirezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse no muri TPIR. Basobanura ko mu gika cya 147 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko ku bijyanye no kwica nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside, Uwinkindi Jean yakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso, mu gihe nyamara mu gika cya 117 cy’urwo rubanza, rwavuze ko Ubushinjacyaha bumurega kuba yarakoze icyaha cya jenoside mu buryo buteguwe, agikora yica Abatutsi agamije kubarimbura bose abaziza ubwoko bwabo mu gihe cy’intambara; ko no mu gika cya 148 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko ku byerekeye icyaha cyo kurimbura nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Uwinkindi Jean yakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso. [114] Basanga ibimaze kuvugwa binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 11/2007 ryo ku wa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’izivuye mu bindi bihugu, iteganya ko umuntu uzoherezwa kuburanira mu Rwanda azaburanishwa gusa ku byaha yari akurikiranyweho muri urwo Rukiko, nk’uko n’Ubushinjacyaha bwabyivugiye mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, aho bwasobanuye ko Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho ibyaha bibiri gusa: icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, bikanashimangirwa n’ingingo z’amategeko zakoreshejwe arizo: iya 114,115,120 na 121 z’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyangwa ingingo ya 2 y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga kuri jenoside no ku cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [115] Bakomeza bavuga ko no mu mwanzuro Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru usubiza ku nzitizi zari zatanzwe na Uwinkindi Jean, bwasobanuye ko iyo nzitizi butayitindaho kuko icyaha cyo kuba icyitso, atakirezwe muri TPIR kandi ko bwakomeje ibyo yari yarezwe muri urwo rukiko, ko ahubwo ibikorwa bwagaragaje mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, byerekana ko yafatanyije n’abandi benshi, naho mu myanzuro ya nyuma yo ku wa 12/11/2015, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwaravuze ko uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean bushingiye kandi kuba yarashishikarije anatera akanyabugabo mu bwicanyi, ko yari azi nibura ko ubwo bwicanyi bushobora gukorwa, ko kandi imyitwarire ye ishobora gufatwa nk’inkunga ikomeye kugira ngo abandi bitabire ubwo bwicanyi.

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[116] Basanga nta kindi cyaha Uwinkindi Jean yahaniwe uretse icyo kuba icyitso, haba ku cyaha cya jenoside cyangwa ku cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, bikaba binyuranye n’ibiri mu nyandiko y’Ubushinjcyaha bwa TPIR mu rubanza Prosecution Vs Jean Uwinkindi, Case number. ICTR-2001- 75-I yahinduye inyandiko y’ikirego, aho bakuyemo icyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside n’icyitso mu cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [117] Basobanura kandi ko n’ibikorwa Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ko Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare bivugwa mu gika cya 109 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ntaho bihuriye no kuba gatozi mu cyaha cya jenoside cyangwa icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, ahubwo byashakirwa mu bikorwa bigize icyaha cyo kuba icyitso, mu gihe nyamara Ubushinjacyaha kimwe n’Urukiko bavuga ko akurikiranywe hashingiwe ku gace ka mbere k’ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 iteganya igikorwa cyo kwica. [118] Bakomeza bavuga ko ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya 109 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko aribyo bigaragaza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu cyaha cya jenoside, ntaho bihuriye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko nk’ibikorwa bigize icyo cyaha, kuko akurikiranywe hashingiwe ku gace ka mbere k’ingingo ya 114 yavuzwe haruguru, iteganya igikorwa cyo kwica, nyamara muri ibyo bikorwa ntahagaragara icyo gikorwa cyo kwica. [119] Byongeye kandi, bavuga ko abatangabuhamya baje mu Rukiko, baba abashinja cyangwa abashinjura biyemerera ko bagize uruhare muri jenoside kandi ko bafatanyije na Uwinkindi Jean, ndetse n’abo ku ruhande rw’abavuga ibyo bakorewe, nta wigeze agaragaza umuntu Uwinkindi Jean yishe ku giti cye nka gatozi, bivuze ko ibivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha kandi byanemejwe n’Urukiko, atari byo, kuko akurikiranyweho kuba yarakoze icyaha cya jenoside nka gatozi, ariko bakibaza ukuntu umuntu yaba gatozi nta gikorwa giteganywa n’Itegeko yakoze, kuko ntihagaragajwe umuntu yishe ubwe n’uburyo yamwishe, ahubwo ibyagiye bivugwa byose ni icyo bise uruhare rwe mu rupfu rw’umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi, ko rero kuba bavuga ko yagize uruhare mu rupfu rw’abantu ariko ari we ubikoze ku giti cye cyangwa yaragiye mu gitero, nibyo bihura n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi byasabwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, nabo bakaba basanga byakabaye biganisha ku cyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside ariko bidashobora kuba jenoside ubwayo ivugwa mu gace ka mbere k’ingingo ya 114 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [120] Bavuga kandi ko ibimaze kuvugwa ari nabyo Urukiko rwakoze ku byerekeye icyaha cyo kurimbura nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Uwinkindi Jean icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kandi atarakirezwe, kitari mu byo yaregwaga muri TPIR, nta n’umutangabuhamya ukimushinja. [121] Basanga rero Urukiko Rukuru rutarubahirije amategeko nkana nyamara uburyo rwasesenguye urubanza kuri iyi ngingo bwumvikana, ariko umwanzuro uba ariwo udakurikiza amategeko, bityo icyemezo rwafashe kikaba kigomba guteshwa agaciro. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [122] Uhagarariye Ubushinjcyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru (igika cya 161), rwamuhamije icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside hamwe n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, rukaba ari nako rwabigaragaje mu bika bya 126 na 140 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, kandi ibyo byaha nibyo Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze nk’uko ari nabyo yari akurikiranyweho muri TPIR. [123] Avuga ko ku byavuzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu bika bya 147 na 148 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, atari ibyaha bishya rwahamije Uwinkindi Jean, ahubwo rwagaragaje ko mu mikorere y’ibyaha yahamijwe, yafatanyije n’abandi (mode de participation) nk’icyitso nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo

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ya 97 na 98 z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ryakurikizwaga urubanza ruburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere. [124] Asobanura kandi ko kugira ngo umuntu ahamwe n’icyaha cya jenoside, harebwa niba hari igikorwa cyakozwe giteganywa n’Itegeko n’uburyo cyakozwemo (modus operandi), hakarebwa niba uregwa yarakoze igikorwa ku giti cye cyangwa ari kumwe n’abandi, cyane cyane ko nta muntu umwe wakora jenoside ahubwo ari igikorwa gihurirwamo n’abantu benshi, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwararebye uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu gikorwa yari ahuriyemo n’abandi, mu bika bya 126 na 140 rugaragaza ibikorwa yagizemo uruhare, rusanga yaragize uruhare mu bikorwa yakoze nk’icyitso kuko atakoze jenoside wenyine, rureba ibikorwa yakoze ku giti cye, rumuhana nk’uwakoze jenoside nka gatozi. [125] Akomeza avuga ko harebwe inyandiko itanga ikirego yakozwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bwa TPIR, Uwinkindi Jean yaregwaga ibyaha bitatu harimo icyaha cya jenoside, ariko akaba atararegwaga nk’uwishe ku giti cye ahubwo nk’uwayoboye igitero cy’abicanyi, aba ari nako abiregwa ku cyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, ko n’Ubushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda mu kumurega bwagendeye kuri iyo nyandiko ya TPIR, ko rero isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ari ko ryagombaga gukorwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [126] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko yahaniwe icyaha atakurikiranyweho kandi atarezwe, babishingira ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu bika bya 147 na 148 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, ku kibazo kirebana n’uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean mu byaha aregwa (responsabilité pénale), urwo Rukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ubwo buryozwacyaha rushingiye ku ngingo ya 97 na 98 igika cya mbere, z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru30, rusanga ku bijyanye n’icyaha cya jenoside, yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso, kuko yategekaga Abahutu kujya gutura ku rusengero agamije kuzabakoresha mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi, agakoresha kandi akayobora inama zigamije gutegura ubwicanyi, ibyo bikaba bigize gutegura no gushishikariza, no kuba yarashakiraga abicanyi inkunga y’inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano, akanabagenera ibibatunga, agategeka abaturage gutanga umusanzu w’amafaranga agenewe abasirikari kugira ngo badacika intege bakomeze ubwicanyi, akanarengera uwishe Abatutsi kugira ngo atagira icyo abibazwaho, ibyo bikaba koroshya no kunonosora ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi. [127] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, Urukiko Rukuru rwarasanze nabwo Uwinkindi Jean yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso, ubwo nk’umuyobozi w’ikiswe komite y’umutekano yakoresheje inama zateguye ibitero, akanagena abagomba kubijyamo. Rwasanze kandi yaragize uruhare nk’umufatanyacyaha ubwo yajyaga mu bitero afite intwaro kandi atanga amabwiriza y’uko ubwicanyi bukorwa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye hicwa imbaga y’Abatutsi batari abasirikari. [128] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarasanze uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean ari ukuba icyitso mu byaha rwasanze bimuhama, bitavuze ko ari icyaha yahamijwe kandi atarakirezwe, ahubwo nk’uko ingingo ya 97 na 98 Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho zibisobanura, kuba icyitso kivugwa muri izo ngingo ni bumwe mu buryo uregwa ashobora kuryozwamo icyaha (participation criminelle), kuko gishobora guhurirwaho n’abantu barenze umwe, bikaba ngombwa kumenya uruhare rwa buri wese. Ntabwo rero icyitso kivugwa mu ngingo zavuzwe haruguru ari

30 Ingingo ya 97 iteganya ko cyaha kiryozwa uwagikoze, uwafatanyije nawe kugikora n’icyitso cye, naho iya 98, igika cya mbere, igasobanura ko uwakoze icyaha ari uwagikoze ubwe, umufatanyacyaha akaba uwafatanyije ku buryo butaziguye n’uwakoze icyaha, naho icyitso akaba uwafashije uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, mu byoroheje imikorere yacyo cyangwa mu byakinononsoye kandi yarabikoze atabizi, cyangwa uwoheje uwakoze icyaha.

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icyaha, kuko hagomba kuba hari icyaha cyakozwe, umwe mu bagikurikiranyweho akaba yarakigizemo uruhare nk’icyitso, nk’uko n’abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura.31 [129] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, icyitso kivugwa mu ngingo zavuzwe haruguru, gitandukanye n’ikivugwa mu ngingo ya 3e y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside, aho icyitso giteganyijwemo nk’icyaha cyihariye32, bikaba binahura n’ibivugwa mu Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho ingingo ya 93 iteganya ibikorwa bihanwa nk’icyaha cya jenoside harimo ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside (complicité dans le génocide). [130] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, kuba mu bika bya 147 na 148 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarasanze uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean ari urw’icyitso, bivuze ko n’ubundi ikigomba kurebwa ari icyaha cya jenoside (kwica) n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), kandi ni nabyo yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, bityo impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [131] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kongera gushaka uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean, kuko rwari rwabugaragaje mu gika cya 119 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwasobanuye ko ibikorwa rwari rumaze kugaragaza mu gika cya 118 ko aribyo Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare, byakozwe mu buryo buteguye, hagamijwe kwica Abatutsi bari ku rusengero rw’Abapentekoti rw’i Kayenzi no mu duce tuhegereye, bazira ubwoko bwabo, bigize icyaha cya jenoside (actus reus), naho mu gika cya 126 ruvuga ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica nk’icyaha cya jenoside giteganywa n’ingingo ya 114, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, bivuze ko rwari rwagaragaje ko uburyozwacyaha bwe ari ubw’uwakoze icyaha cya jenoside (ubwicanyi). [132] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ku birebana n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura), bigaragara ko nyuma yo kugaragaza umugambi Uwinkindi Jean yari afite wo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (igika cya 138), Urukiko Rukuru rwarasobanuye mu gika cya 139, ko yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi, ayobora komite yateguye ibitero byagabwe mu buryo bwa simusiga ku Batutsi bari barahungiye mu bice bitandukanye muri Komine Kanzenze, ajya muri ibyo bitero abiyoboye, ashakisha inkunga y’inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano kugira ngo zongerere abicanyi imbaraga mu rwego rwo gusohoza umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi abaziza ubwoko bwabo kandi azi neza ko atari abasirikare, maze mu gika cya 140 rwanzura ko hashingiwe ku kuri ibyo bikorwa n’umugambi byagaragajwe, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 120 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, bivuze ko rwari rwagaragaje ko uburyozwacyaha bwe ari ubw’uwakoze icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura ). [133] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko uruhare rwe rutaba urwa gatozi kuko hatagaragajwe umuntu yishe ubwe n’uburyo yamwishe, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe na TPIR mu rubanza rwa Gacumbitsi, ntibigombera ko uregwa aba yishe umuntu ku giti cye, ko ahubwo hari ibikorwa bishobora gushingirwaho hakemezwa ko yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu ikorwa ry’icyaha33. No mu rubanza rwa Adolf Eichmann, Urukiko rw’Akarere ka

31 “Il n’existe pas de complicité punissable sans infraction principale”: Frédéric Desportes, Francis Le Gunehec, Droit Pénal Général, Quatorzième édition, Economica, p.504. 32 Seront punis les actes suivants: a) Le génocide, b) L’entente en vue de commettre le génocide, c) L’incitation directe et publique à commettre le génocide, d) La tentative de génocide, e) La complicité dasn le génocide. 33 “…. Cependant, dans le contexte du génocide, ‘’la perpétration du crime par l’auteur lui-même ne renvoie pa forcément au fait pour l’auteur de donner la mort à la victime dans la mesure où d’autres actes répréhensifs peuvent être constitutifs de participation directe à la réalisation de l’élément matériel du crime”: affaire ICTR-2001-64-A du 7 juillet 2006, par 60.

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Yeruzalemu rwasobanuye ko uwo ari we wese wagize uruhare mu kurimbura Abayahudi, akaba yari azi umugambi wo kubarimbura n’uburyo uri gushyirwa mu bikorwa, agomba gufatwa nk’uwagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya miliyoni y’abantu hagati y’umwaka wa 1941 na 1945 hatitawe ku kumenya niba ibikorwa bye byararebaga igihugu cyose cyangwa agace kamwe. Icyo gihe uburyozwacyaha bwe, ni ubw’uwakoze icyaha (principal offender) wakigizemo uruhare afatanyije n’abandi.34 [134] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kongera gushakisha uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean rushingiye ku ngingo ya 77 na 78 z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, iryo kosa ariko rikaba ritatesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe ahubwo rigomba gukosorwa, cyane cyane ko ntacyo rihindura ku birebana n’ibyaha Uwinkindi Jean yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aribyo icyaha cya jenoside (kwica) n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu (kurimbura). II.3.4. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaribeshye ku muntu ruburanisha Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [135] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje rwibeshye ko Uwinkindi Jean agomba gukurikiranwaho ibyaha aregwa ruranabimuhamya, rwirengagiza ko atagombaga kubikurikiranwaho ngo anabihanirwe kuko urwandiko rwo gufata (Mandat d’Arrêt) rwakozwe n’Ubushijacyaha bwa TPIR, n’inyandiko itanga ikirego muri urwo Rukiko, byanditsweho Uwinkindi Jean Bosco nk’uko byashimangiwe n’abatagabuhamya biswe BZI (c630) na BZJ (c650) igihe babazwaga n’Ubushinjacyaha, ariko ko mu iburanisha rya mbere ryabereye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2013, Uwinkindi Jean n’abamwunganiraga barugaragarije mu nyandiko no mu magambo, ko atari Uwinkindi Jean ukwiye gukurikiranwaho ibyo byaha ngo anabihanirwe, ariko urwo Rukiko, ndetse na TPIR zitigeze zifata icyemezo kuri iyo nzitizi kugira ngo zemeze ko ari Uwinkindi Jean cyangwa Uwinkindi Jean Bosco ugomba gukurikiranwaho ibyo byaha. [136] Basaba ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwateshwa agaciro, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutagaragaje mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko ari Uwinkindi Jean ugomba gukurikiranwaho ibyo byaha, ko ahubwo rwamwibeshyeho bituma ahanirwa ibyaha atakoze, bimutesha agaciro n’umwanya, binamubuza amahoro, kandi bizwi neza ko abantu benshi bashobora kwitiranwa no guhuza amazina yose, nyamara ntacyakozwe kugira ngo hemezwe ko Uwinkindi Jean Bosco atigeze atura i Kayenzi, akaba ariyo mpamvu basanga Uwinkindi Jean yarageretsweho ibyaha atakoze. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [137] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta kwibeshya k’uregwa kwabayeho, kubera ko inyandiko itanga ikirego (indictment) ikosoye yo ku wa 23/11/2010 yatanzwe muri TPIR mu rubanza ICTR 01-75-AR 11 bis rwohereje Uwinkindi Jean mu Rwanda yanatumye akurirwaho icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wa jenoside (Conspiracy), igaragaza ko yarezwe nka Uwinkindi Jean, wabaye “Pasteur” muri ADEPR i Kayenzi, aho kuregwa nka Uwinkindi Jean-Bosco. Avuga kandi ko kuba Uwinkindi Jean yaraburanye ikibazo cy’izina rye muri urwo Rukiko kikaharangirira akanoherezwa mu Rwanda yitwa Uwinkindi Jean, Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kukigarukaho. [138] Avuga kandi ko umwirondoro w’uregwa ugaragara ku rupapuro rwa 2 rw’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, ugaragaza neza ko uregwa ari Uwinkindi Jean, wabaye “Pasteur” muri

34 “Hence, everyone who acted in the extermination of Jews, knowing about the plan for the Final Solution and its advancement, is to be regarded as an accomplice in the annihilation of the millions who were exterminated during the years 1941-1945, irrespective of the fact of whether his actions spread over the entire front of the extermination, or over only one or more sectors of that front. His responsibility is that of a "principal offender who perpetrated the entire crime in co-operation with the others.” Reba AG Israel v Eichmann (District Court of Jerusalem), para 194.

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ADEPR i Kayenzi, ukanagaragaza n’ibindi bimuranga birimo amazina y’ababyeyi be, imyaka ye n’aho yavukiye, kandi Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ntibabivuguruza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [139] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gice cya II.1. cy’uru rubanza ku birebana n’ibigomba kugenderwaho mu bujurire hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu bujurire hasuzumwa amakosa umuburanyi wajuriye aba yifuza ko akosorwa, bivuze ko ayo makosa ari agaragara mu bibazo aba yashyikirije umucamanza ku rwego rwa mbere, mu bujurire akagaragaza ko uwo mucamanza yibeshye mu cyemezo yafashe. [140] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, nta kibazo kirebana n’izina Uwinkindi Jean yagejeje ku Rukiko Rukuru arusaba ko rugifataho icyemezo, ahubwo bigaragara ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 22/01/2014, Uwinkindi Jean yasabye ko hakosorwa inyandiko zose zaturutse Arusha zanditseho Uwinkindi Jean Bosco zikandikwaho Uwinkindi Jean, akaba rero atatanga icyo kibazo nk’impamvu y’ubujurire muri uru Rukiko nk’uko byasobanuwe ku mpamvu y’ubujurire irebana no gukosora inyandiko itanga ikirego (II.3.1), kuko ntacyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa, nta nubwo agaragaza ko hari impamvu yihariye yatumye adatanga icyo kibazo ku rwego rwa mbere. [141] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, n’ubwo byafatwa ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean yavugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 22/01/2014, ari ikibazo yifuzaga ko gifatwaho icyemezo n‘Urukiko Rukuru, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 21/09/2010, Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye Urukiko (TPIR) ko rwakwemera icyifuzo cyabwo cyo guhindura inyandiko y’ikirego mu rubanza ICTR -2001- 75-I ku birebana n’ibyaha Jean Uwinkindi aregwa no kugira ngo izina “Bosco” rivanwe mu mazina y’uregwa, kubera ko ku wa 7 no ku wa 8/07/2010 uregwa yavuze ko amazina ye yuzuye ari Jean Uwinkindi, bunarushyikiriza inyandiko y’ikirego ikosoye yo ku wa 21/09/2010 igaragaza ko uregwa ari Jean Uwinkindi. Ku wa 23/11/2010, urwo Rukiko rwemeye ko iyo nyandiko y’ibirego ikosorwa, ushinjwa akaba Jean Uwinkindi kuko impinduka z’amazina ye ntacyo zimwangiriza35. Mu bujurire, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo ku wa 09/03/2011 rusobanura ko rumaze gusuzuma ibyahinduwe mu nyandiko itanga ikirego n’ibimenyetso bigiherekeje, rwanyuzwe n’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikije umurongo watanzwe mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 23/11/2010. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze kandi izo mpinduka ntacyo zangirije uregwa, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingito bufite36. Nyuma y’aho, Ubushinjacyaha bwashyikirije urwo Rukiko inyandiko y’ibirego yahinduwe yo ku wa 16/12/2011, igaragaza ko ababuranyi muri urwo rubanza, ari Porokireri uburana na Jean Uwinkindi. [142] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean ageze mu Rwanda, yasabye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ko rwamufungura, kubera ko inyandiko imufunga (mandat d’arrêt) yakozwe na TPIR, yanditseho ko uregwa ari Jean Bosco Uwinkindi. Urwo Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo nimero 0335/B. J/2012 ku wa 29/08/2012, rwemeza ko Jean Uwinkindi atafungurwa by’agateganyo kuko mu rubanza ICTR -2001-75-I, urwo Rukiko rwemeye ko izina rya Jean Bosco Uwinkindi riri ku nyandiko y’ikirego, rikosorwa, bikandikwa ku uregwa ari Yohana Uwinkindi, ndetse ko rwanemeje ko akomeza gufungwa, ruvuga ko nta kosa ryakozwe ryatuma Yohana Uwinkindi afungurwa

35 Mu gika cya 6 cy’icyemezo cyo ku wa 23/11/2010, havugwa ko “Uncontested Changes to the Indictment: The Defence does not oppose the addition of greater specificity in the proposed Amended Indictment, the withdrawal of the count of conspiracy to commit genocide and the correction of Jean Uwinkindi's name. The Chamber finds that greater specificity and the deletion of a count as well as the correction of Jean Uwinkindi's name will provide an ameliorating effect that does not prejudice Uwinkindi. Therefore, the Chamber grants these changes” (…). 36 “Having reviewed the Amended Indictment along with the supporting materials, in light of its Decision of 23 November 2010, the Chamber is satisfied that the Prosecution is substantially in compliance with the Chamber’s Orders. The Chamber is also of the view that the Accused will not be unduly prejudiced by the maintenance of the Amended Indictment in its current form. For these reasons, the chamber, denies the motion in its entirety.”

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by’agateganyo, bityo ko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutakuraho icyo cyemezo cyafashwe na TPIR. [143] Uwinkindi Jean yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru i Kigali, ruca urubanza RPA 0866/12/HC/KIG ku wa 24/09/2012, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko mu rubanza ICTR -2001-75-I, Urukiko (TPIR) rwasobanuye ko ku wa 21/09/2010, Ubushinjacyaha bwarushyikirije inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego ikosoye, ndetse ko mu byakosowe harimo n’amazina ya Uwinkindi Jean, bikaba bigaragara ko amazina ya Uwinkindi Jean yakosowe ku buryo atakwitwaza amazina ari kuri “mandat d’arrêt” adakosoye kugira ngo asabe gufungurwa mu gihe hari icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko cyakosoye amazina ye, cyane cyane ko muri icyo cyemezo, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko nta ngaruka mbi zijyanye n’amazina ya Uwinkindi Jean ndetse n’izindi mpinduka zari zifite kuri we. [144] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bitanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga, kuba mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 23/11/2010, Urukiko (TPIR) rwaremeje ko inyandiko y’ikirego ikosorwa, maze igakosorwa ku buryo ahari handitse ko uregwa ari Jean Bosco Uwinkindi handikwa ko uregwa ari Jean Uwinkindi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’ikirego yahinduwe yo ku wa 21/09/2010 n‘iyo ku wa 16/12/2011 ziri muri dosiye, kandi Uwinkindi Jean akaba yarabitsindiwe mu Nkiko zabanje zo mu Rwanda ubwo yaburanaga imanza zijyanye n’ifungurwa by’agateganyo zavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Urukiko Rukuru rutibeshye ku muntu ruburanisha, ahubwo kuba imbere y’urwo Rukiko, Uwinkindi Jean yarasabye ko inyandiko zaturutse Arusha zanditseho Uwinkindi Jean Bosco zikosorwa hakandikwa Uwinkindi Jean, bigaragaza ko yari azi ko ikibazo cy’izina rye cyamaze gufatwaho icyemezo, bityo n’iyo byafatwa ko icyo kibazo yakigejeje ku Rukiko Rukuru, ntacyo rwari guhindura ku byemejwe mu manza zabanje zavuzwe haruguru. II.3.5. Kuba icyemezo cy’Urukiko kitumvikana kandi kidasobanutse Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [145] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe icyemezo muri rusange ku buryo busobanutse rutabanje kwerekana uruhare rwa Uwinkinidi Jean mu bikorwa bitanu bavuga ko yagizemo uruhare, aho bagaragaza uburyo rwageze ku mwanzuro warwo nyuma yo kumuhamya buri gikorwa rumaze kugereranya ibimenyetso bishinja n’ibishinjura kuri buri gikorwa no kwemeza ishingiro ryabyo, kuko nta hantu bigeze bakora iryo gereranya (confrontation des éléments de preuve), ku buryo uregwa abona inkomoko y’icyemezo yafatiwe, cyangwa aho Urukiko rwahereye rwemeza ko ikimenyetso iki n’iki cy’Ubushinjacyaha gihawe agaciro kurusha ikindi kikivuguruza, cyangwa icyatumye Urukiko rwemeza ko ibyavuzwe n’umutangabuhamya uyu n’uyu bihawe agaciro kurusha ibindi; ko hirengagijwe inenge umutangabuhamya uyu n’uyu afite zatanzwe n’uregwa cyangwa zigaragara muri dosiye, kandi ibyo bisobanuro byose bigaragaza ishingiro ry’urubanza nta handi uregwa yabisanga uretse mu cyemezo yafatiwe, ari nabyo bituma amenya niba koko Urukiko rwarumvise imiburanire ye, bikanatuma amenya niba urubanza rwe ruciwe neza, naho kuvuga gusa ngo ibikorwa byagaragajwe n’ibi bikurikira, ntibihagije nkuko biri mu gace ka 109 na 118 k’urubanza rujuririrwa ku birebana n’icyaha cya jenoside, n’igika cya 136 ku birebana n’icyaha cyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [146] Bakomeza bavuga ko ubundi urubanza rwose ruba rufite uburyo rwandikwa ku buryo umuburanyi uwo ari we wese amenya icyamutsinze n’aho gishingiye, ariko byagera ku bijyanye n’ibyaha, uregwa agomba kugaragarizwa neza ku buryo bweruye ko igikorwa iki n’iki kimuhama hashingiwe ku kimenyetso iki n’iki cyangwa imvugo z’umutangabuhamya uyu n’uyu, akanagaragarizwa ko imvugo z’umutangabuhamya uyu n’uyu zasesenguwe ariko zikaba zitarahawe agaciro ku mpamvu iyi n’iyi, ko ariko ibyo Urukiko rwakoze ari ukwemeza gusa ko icyaha gihama Uwinkindi Jean, rwiregagije ko igikorwa cyose rwemeje ko kimuhama rugomba kwerekana ibimenyetso byacyo, kuko kuri buri gikorwa kivugwa muri dosiye hagombwa kwemezwa igifite

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ishingiro cyangwa ikitarifite, nk’uko byagenze mu kwemeza ko atagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Komine Kanzenze aho babisobanuye neza mu gace ka 61 n’aka 62 tw’urubanza rujuririrwa. Basanga ibyo ari nako byagombaga gukorwa no ku bindi bikorwa byose ashinjwa byatangiwe ibimenyetso, ariko usanga baragiye bafata ibintu muri rusange, bigaragaza ubunebwe, nyamara dosiye yari irimo ibintu byari guherwaho hasobanurwa ishingiro cyangwa kubura ishingiro ry’igikorwa iki niki, urugero akaba ari aho Urukiko rwemeje ko Uwinkindi Jean yashyirishijeho bariyeri rushingiye ku mvugo za BZI na BZJ zidasobanutse, aho buri wese afite uko abivuga, ko hari n’abandi batangabuhamya (UCC, UCB, UCD, UCE, UCF|) bafite ibindi bemeje ku birebanan’ishingwa rya bariyeri. [147] Bavuga kandi ko ikindi kigaragaza ko Urukiko rwagize ubunebwe mu gusesengura urubanza bigatuma rufata icyemezo kidakurikije amategeko, ari uko ku bijyanye n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa CDF, CDL na BZJ rwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean atashoboye kubuvuguruza, nyamara mu isesengura ugasanga ntaho rwigeze rugira icyo ruvuga ku bandi bantu batanze ubuhamya mu rukiko, baba abagiye mu gitero (UCE, UCD na UCB), ndetse n’abahigwaga bemeje ko Uwinkindi ntaho yagiye cyangwa nta ruhare yabigizemo, ko ibi bigaragaza ko habaye kwirengagiza amategeko ndetse n’ubunebwe ku buryo bigomba gukosorwa. [148] Bakomeza basobanura ko ku bijyanye n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi byagenze nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, kuko mu bika bya 102- 109, Urukiko rwakoresheje gusa ubuhamya bushinja bwa BZI, BZJ, CDA, CCX na UCD , ku buryo wagira ngo ubwo buhamya nta nenge bufite cyangwa ko ibyavuzwe n’uregwa ntabyayayeho aho rwagiye rugaragaza ko bivuguruza, amakabyankuru harimo no gusuzuma ibyavuzwe n’abandi batangabuhamya binyuranye n’ibyo ngo berekane ukuntu bidashobora gushingirwaho, bityo baze kwerekana impamvu ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya aba n’aba aribyo bigomba guhabwa agaciro , ariko ntacyakozwe ku buryo wibaza niba Urukiko rwarabisuzumye, ko ahubwo muri ibyo bika byose no ku mpamvu zivugwamo zose hagiye hakoreshwa gusa interuro igira ngo Uwinkindi Jean akaba atarabashije gutanga ikimenyeto kivuguruza ubuhamya bwabo, nyamara rwari gusuzuma ibyo ubwabo bavuguruzanyaho, cyangwa buru wese yivuguruzaho, ibigaragara ko ari amakabyankuru, maze rukabisesengura kugera aho rugeze ku mwanzuro wa nyuma, rukanita ku bundi buhamya buri muri dosiye bwerekana ibinyuranye n’ibyo abo batangabuhamya bemeza. [149] Batanga urundi rugero mu gace ka 46 k’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko rwavuze ko imvugo za Rusatsi, Mukumira na BZF zishingirwaho na Uwinkindi Jean zitavuguruza iza CDF, CDH na BZJ, ngo kuko bavuze ko batigeze bajya mu bitero, ko rero batazi uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero bya Rwankeri, ibyo bikaba bidahagije mu gusobanura icyemezo cyarwo, kuko kubivuga muri ayo magambo biterekana icyo CDF, CDH na BZJ bahamije kidashobora kuvuguruzwa n’ibyo bemeje ngo rwerekane n’uburyo bidashoboka, bikaba binanyuranye n’ibivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha kuri cote 17 na 19-21, ahavugwa abantu bafatanyije na Uwinkindi Jean. [150] Bavuga kandi ko mu rubanza nk’uru rw’Ubushnjacyaha aho uregwa afatwa nk’umwere kugeza ahamijwe icyaha n’urukiko ku rwego rwa nyuma, urega agomga gutanga ibimenyetso bishinja kugeza aho agaragaza nta shiti ko igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose kigize icyaha cyakozwe n’uregwa ku buryo budashidikanywaho, nyamara bigaragara ko muri uru rubanza imvugo nyinshi z’abatangabuhamya zishinjura Uwinkindi Jean zitigeze zitabwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru, ngo ruzisuzume maze ruziteshe agaciro cyangwa rwemeze ko ari ukuri, ahubwo rwihaye gusuzumwa bimwe mu bimenyetso bishinja gusa, ko hari ingero nyinshi z’imvugo zititaweho mu isesengura ry’urukiko mu gikorwa iki n’iki bemeza ko uregwa yagizemo uruhare: BZJ, BZI, CDD, Kayibanda Isaie, CCW, UCD. [151] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu bibazo byasuzumwe Urukiko Rukuru ku byaha byombo UWINKINDI Jeana yarezwe, usangamo: Bariyeri hafi y’urusengero rwa ADEPR kayenzi, iyicwa

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ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozo ka Kayenzi, iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Komini Kanzenze, iyicwary’Abatutsi mu bishanga bya Cyugaro n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, nyamara ibikorwa urwo Rukiko rwemeje (..) ko ari byo Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare ntibihura n’ibyo Ubushinjacyaha bwashingiragaho bumurega. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [152] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire Uwinkindi Jean atanga nta shingiro ifite, kuko kuva mu ntangiriro y’urubanza rujuririrwa kugeza ku mwanzuro w’Urukiko hagiye hagaragazwa buri gikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yarezwemo kugira uruhare mu ikorwa ryacyo, hakagaragazwa ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha n’imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean, hagasoza icyo Urukiko rubivugaho ari naho hagaragara umwanzuro w’Urukiko ujyanye n’uko rubibona mu kuba Uwinkindi Jean yaba yaragize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa cyangwa se nta ruhare yakigizemo. [153] Ku bijyanye n’uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu gushinga no kuyobora bariyeri yo ku Rusengero rw’Abapantekote rw’i Kayenzi avuga ko ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragarira kuva ku rupapuro rwa 6-7 mu bika bya 10 kugeza kucya 14, mu gihe imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean igaragara ku rupapuro rwa 6 mu bika kuva ku cya 15 kugeza ku cya 17, naho isesengura ry’Urukiko kuri icyo gikorwa rikagaragara kuva ku gika cya 18 kugeza ku cya 22, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ku buryo burambuye aho rwashingiye rugaragaza ko Uwinkindi yagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa. [154] Ku bijyanye n’igikorwa cyo kwica Abatutsi muri serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, agaragaza ko ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragara mu bika bya 25-31 naho imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi ikagaragara mu bika bya 32-42, isesengura ry’urukiko rigaragara mu bika bya 43-48, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ku buryo burambuye aho rwashingiye ruhamya ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa. [155] Ku bijyanye n’igikorwa cy’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kuri Komini Kanzenze, avuga ko ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragara mu bika bya 51-58 imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi igaragara mu bika bya 59-60 naho isesengura ry’Urukiko rigaragara mu bika bya 61-62, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye aho rwashingiye ruvuga ko Uwinkindi ataryozwa iki gikorwa. [156] Ku gikorwa cy’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu bishanga bya Cyugaro, akavuga ko ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragara mu bika bya 64-65, imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi igaragara mu gika cya 66, naho isesengura ry’Urukiko rigaragara mu bika bya 67-68, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye aho rwashingiye rwemeza ko nta ruhare Uwinkindi Jean yagize muri icyo gikorwa. [157] Ku gikorwa cy’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku Rusengero rw’Abapantekote rwa Kayenzi, asobanura ko ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha bigaragara mu bika bya 72-94, imyiregurire y’Ubushinjacyaha yo igaragara mu bika bya 95-100, naho isesengura ry’Urukiko rikagaragara mu bika bya 101-109, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye aho rwashingiye rwemeza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean muri iki gikorwa. [158] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko ataburanye atari byo; kuko mu gika cya 10-14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa hagaragara imyiregurire ya Uwinkindi Jean n’Abunganizi be, Urukiko rusesengura kuva ku gika cya 18-22. Bityo ko kuba atemera isesengura ryakozwe bitavuze ko Urukiko rwagize ubunebwe bwo gusesengura urubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[159] Nk’uko byibukijwe mu bika bitandukanye hasuzumwa inzindi ngingo z’ubujurire, uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza icyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe, agaragaza niba hari amakosa yo mu rwego rw’amategeko yakozwe yatuma icyemezo gita agaciro, cyangwa ko habayeho kwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi. [160] Bigaragara ko impamvu y’ubujurire Uwinkindi Jean yatanze irebana n’uko icyemezo cy’urukiko kitumvikana kandi kidasobanutse, ikomatanya ibintu bitandukanye, birimo inenge z’urubanza muri rusange, n’inenge zirebana n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha. [161] Ku birebana n’inenge z’urubanza muri rusange, Urukiko rurasanga kitaba ikibazo cyasuzumwa mu bujurire harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rufite uburyo rwatwawe hashingiwe ku bikorwa Uwinkindi Jean akurikiranyweho, Urukiko Rukuru rugaragaza imiburanire y’impande ziburana n’uburyo rwasesenguye ibimenyetso byatanzwe, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yagombye kugaragaza icyo anenga uburyo urwo rubanza rwatwawe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 yavuzwe haruguru, aho gufata ibintu muri rusange. [162] Iby’uko uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza mu buryo busobanutse (précis), byafasheho icyemezo na TPIR mu manza zitandukanye, aho inkiko zasobanuye ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudashobora gusuzuma imyanzuro y’ababuranyi iyo idasobanutse (obscures, vagues) cyangwa yivuguruza, cyangwa ifite izindi nenge zikabije z’imyandikire37. Izo manza kandi zemeje ko uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza ibice by’urubana cyangwa by’inyandikomvugo z’iburanisha anenga (références précises). N’ubwo ibyo biteganywa n’amabwiriza agenga uburyo ubujurire bukorwa imbere y’izo nkiko, uru Rukiko rurasanga ntacyabuza ko binakurikizwa mu zindi manza, kuko unenga urubanza agomba kugaragaza aho ibyo anenga bishakirwa, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rutasuzuma impamvu y’ubujurire inenga urubanza muri rusange. [163] Ku byerekeye inenge zirebana n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho, Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo mu myanzuro y’uwajuriye byagiye bigaragazwa nk’ingero, bigaragara ko mu zindi mpamvu z’ubujurire Uwinkindi Jean yatanze, hari irebana n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho, haba ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri, iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi hamwe no ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, bityo icyo kibazo kikaba ariho kigomba gusuzumirwa. II.3.6. Kumenya niba Uwinkindi Jean yarahanishijwe igihano kidakurikije amategeko Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [164] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko yarezwe icyaha cya jenoside hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 114, agace ka mbere, n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 120, agace ka kabiri, z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, anahabwa ibihano bijyanye n’ibyo byaha yarezwe nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 160 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, mu gihe nyamara mu mpamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu bika bya 147 na 148 by’urwo rubanza, bigaragara ko rwasanze ahamwa no kuba icyitso, ariko ahabwa ibihano biteganyirijwe uwakoze icyaha nka gatozi cyangwa nk’umufatanyacyaha nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 161 na 163 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, bikanashimangirwa n’ingingo z’amategeko zashingiweho arizo 97, 98, 114, 1º, 115, 120, 121, 2º z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rimaze kuvugwa. Basanga ibyo bitekerezo bidahura, ko ahubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 99 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga, iteganya ko icyitso kidahanwa kimwe n’uwakoze icyaha cyangwa uwafatanyije nawe kugikora, cyane cyane ko iyo haza gukurikizwa ibyo iyo ngingo iteganya, Urukiko ruba rwarabitangiye ibisobanuro nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 162 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha; ko kuba bitarakozwe, byumvikana ko urubanza

37 Urubanza ICTR-99-46-A rwa Ntagerura André n’abandi, igika cya 13, narwo rwashingiye ku zindi manza zitandukanye.

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rutakurikije amategeko ndetse n’ibihano byatanzwe bikaba bidakurikije amategeko, bikaba binanyuranyije n’icyemezo cy’urukiko rwa TPIR aho bemeranyijwe ko uregwa woherejwe kuburanira mu Rwanda akurikiranwaho gusa ibyaha yari gukurikiranywaho na TPIR, kandi TPIR ikaba yaremeje ko Uwinkindi Jean adashobora gukurikiranywaho icyaha cyo kuba icyitso. [165] Bavuga ko n’ubwo Itegeko riteganya ko icyitso gishobora guhanwa nka gatozi, banenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarasobanuye impamvu rwasanze yarabaye icyitso mu byaha aregwa ariko rukamuhana nka gatozi. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [166] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko harebwe ibivugwa mu gika cya 161 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean atahamijwe icyaha nk’icyitso ahubwo yagihamijwe nka gatozi, ko kandi niyo byafatwa ko yahamijwe icyaha nk’icyitso, yashoboraga guhanwa nka gatozi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 99 z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko harebwe uruhare rwe mu bikorwa yakoze, nta gushidikanya ko ruruta kure urwo abo bafatanyije gukora ibyaha aregwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [167] Ku birebana n’igihano Uwinkindi Jean yahanishijwe, bigaragara ko nyuma yo gusuzuma niba hari impamvu ziremereza icyaha cyangwa zicyoroshya nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 154-157 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye mu bika bya 158 na 159, ibirebana n’igihano kigomba gutangwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 11538 n’iya 12139, igika cya mbere, z’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, zombi ziteganya igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko. Rwasobanuye ko icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo kurimbura nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu buryo bw’impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83, 2º y’Itegeko Ngenga rimaze kuvugwa, ariko ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 5 bis y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 08/2013/OL ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Ngenga Nº 31/2007 ryo ku wa 25/04/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa, Uwinkindi Jean adashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko, ko ahubwo agomba guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [168] Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe byagaragajwe ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ku birebana n’uburyozwacyaha bwa Uwinkindi Jean, atari ukumuhamya icyaha cyo kuba icyitso nk’icyaha cyihariye, bikaba byanagaragajwe ko ahubwo uburyozwacyaha bwe ari urw’uwakoze icyaha, bivuze ko igihano cya burundu yahawe cyubahirije amategeko kuko aricyo giteganyirijwe ibyaha yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 159 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. II.3.7. Ikibazo kirebana n’ibimenyetso II.3.37.1. Kumenya niba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere, zasuzumwa mu bujurire Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [169] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya byari muri dosiye ariko bikaba bigaragara ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagize ubunebwe bwo kubishakisha byose kandi uregwa afatwa nk’umwere igihe cyose icyaha kitaramuhama, ko ndetse

38 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko umuntu wese ukoze, haba mu guhe gisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy’intambara, icyaha cya jenoside nk’uko giteganyijwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko. 39 Umuntu wese ukora icyaha cyibasira inyokomuntu nk’uko giteganyijwe mu gace ka mbere, aka 2º, aka 3º, aka 6º, aka 7º n’aka 9º tw’ingingo ya 120 y’iri tegeko ngenga, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko.

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mu mwanzuro wa Me Ngabonziza wunganiraga Uwinkindi Jean, nubwo atamwemeraga, yavuze ku batangabuhamya Mukumira na CDR ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri ariko Urukiko rukaba ntacyo rwabavuzeho, ko kandi n’iyo aba atarabavuze, Urukiko ruba rufite ishingano zo gucukumbura ibimenyetso byose kugira ngo rumenye ukuri. [170] Basanga harabayeho kwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kuko ibikorwa (les faits) bitagaragajwe mu buryo budashidikanywaho, bitewe n’uko abatangabuhamya batabivuga mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ngo babisobanure kimwe, hakaba harabayeho no kwica amategeko kuko iyo ibikorwa bitagaragajwe mu buryo budashidikanywaho, hagomba kwemezwa ko hari ugushidikanya kurengera uregwa. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [171] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kunenga urubanza rwajuririwe byagombye gushingira ku byagaragarijwe Urukiko Rukuru, kuko Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze abatangabuhamya harebwe kamere y’ikiburanwa, ariko Uwinkindi Jean ntiyatanga abamushinjura, bivuze ko inenge agaragaza mu bujurire azishingiye ku batangabuhamya ataburanishije zitagombye gusuzumwa, kuko n’ibivugwa n’uwunganira Uwinkindi Jean ko umucamanza yagombaga kuba “actif”, bigaragara ko yamubaye ku byo yari afite. [172] Avuga kandi ko usibye no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko zitasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ntacyo zari guhindura ku cyemezo rwafashe, Urukiko rudashinzwe kureba imvugo za buri mutangabuhamya, ahubwo hitabwa ku buhamya bujyanye na kamere y’ikiburanwa, nta nubwo hibandwa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ari nayo mpamvu nko ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri, Urukiko Rukuru rwarebye ubuhamya bwa BZI na BZJ, rukaba rwari gushakisha ibindi bimenyetso iyo haba hari abatangabuhamya bavuga ko Uwinkindi Jean atigeze ashyirishaho bariyeri. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [173] Ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru (ibyo iteganya byavuzwe mu gika cya 9 cy’uru rubanza), ivuga ibyo uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza mu bujurire. [174] Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira. [175] Nk’uko byibukijwe mu gice cya II.1. cy’uru rubanza ku birebana n’ibisuzumwa mu bujurire nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere, yaba amakosa yo kwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko gutuma icyemezo cyafashwe gita agaciro, cyangwa ukwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi. [176] Isesengura ry’ibimaze kuvugwa, ryumvikanisha ko mu manza zirebwa n’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusuzuma ibyagiweho impaka ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudashinzwe kuburanisha bundi bushya urubanza mu mizi, ahubwo uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza ikosa ryakozwe rigomba gukosorwa.

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[177] Ibimaze kuvugwa ni nako byasobanuye n’uru Rukiko ku kibazo cyasuzumwe mbere (II.3.1), rubishingiye ku manza zaciwe na TPIR (Musema na Kambanda), bikaba binahura n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza rwa Nsengiyumva Anatole rwaciwe na TPIR mu bujurire, narwo rushingiye ku zindi manza zaciwe n’urwo Rukiko, aho rwasobanuye ko mu gihe umuburanyi atagize icyo anenga ku rwego rwa mbere kandi nta mpamvu zidasanzwe zabiteye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufata ko yivukije uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza izo nenge mu bujurire.40 [178] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Uwinkindi Jean yararezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cya jenoside n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, mu mikorere y’ibyo byaha, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwaragaragaje mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, uruhare rwe mu ishingwa rya bariyeri no mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye (Serire Rwankeri, agasozi ka Kayenzi, ku biro bya Komini Kanzenze, mu bishanga bya Cyugamo no ku rusengero rw’Abapantekote rw’i Kayenzi). [179] Bigaragara ariko ko mu gutanga ibimenyetso, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze abatangabuhamya ku birebana n’ibyaha bibiri bukurikiranyeho Uwinkindi Jean, nta kuvangura abatangabuhamya hashingiwe ku mikorere y’ibyaha nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa (ishingwa rya bariyeri n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye), ari nayo mpamvu hari abatangabuhamya bagiye bashingirwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru inshuro zirenze imwe. [180] Urukiko rurasanga kuba abatangabuhamya baratanzwe mu buryo bwa rusange nk’ikimenyetso gishinja cyangwa gishinjura, bitafatwa ko ari ikimenyetso kitagaragarijwe Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga, kuko abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga, batanze ubuhamya ku byaha ashinjwa hatagendewe ku hantu Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko byakorewe, bityo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarakoze ikosa ryo kudasesengura ubuhamya bwose bwari bwatanzwe cyangwa ngo rugaragaze impamvu rwasesenguye bumwe muri bwo. [181] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba hari imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitasesenguwe kandi zaratanzwe nk’ikimenyetso gishinja cyangwa gishinjura, byumvikana ko habaye ikosa rishingiye ku byabaye (les faits). Urukiko rurasanga ariko kuba harabaye ikosa ryo kwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye, ubwabyo bidahagije kugira ngo urubanza ruteshwe agaciro, kuko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, uwajuriye agomba no kugaragaza ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi nk’uko byanemejwe mu rubanza rwa Musema Alfred41, bivuze ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudashobora gutesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe ku ikosa iryo ariryo ryose. [182] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, mu gusuzuma imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko zitasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, hagomba kugenderwa ku bimaze gusobanurwa kandi bigakorwa hagendewe ku bikorwa byagaragajwe ko ari byo yagizemo uruhare uko ari bitatu: ishingwa rya bariyeri, iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku Rusengero rwa ADEPR rw’i Kayenzi, kuko n’ibindi bibazo yagiye agaragaza ubisanga muri ibyo bikorwa bitatu. II.3.7.2. Birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [183] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu bikorwa Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yagizemo uruhare, harimo icyo gushinga bariyeri hirya no hino nk’uko bivugwa mu bika bya 18-22

40 Urubanza ICTR -98-41-A rwaciwe ku wa du 14 décembre 2011, igika cya 31. 41 Urubanza ICTR-99-46-A, igika cya 125: “S’agissant d’erreur de fait, l’appelant doit rapporter la double preuve que, premièrement, la chambre de première instance a effectivement commis une telle erreur et, deuxièmement, que cette erreur a entraîné un déni de justice. Il est constant que la procédure d’appel ne saurait être l’occasion d’un procès de novo….”

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by’urubanza rujuririrwa, rubishingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya BZI na BZJ kandi nyamara bivuguruza bakanavuguruzanya n’abandi. [184] Ku birebana no kwivuguruza, basobanura ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 25/01/2012, BZI yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yashyirishijeho bariyeri eshatu (3) mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ari eshanu (5). [185] Naho ku birebana na BZJ, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwungangira bavuga ko ku wa 25/01/2012, yavuze ko abantu bamaze guteranira mu nkambi aribwo Uwinkindi Jean yahise ategeka ko hashyirwaho bariyeri, ubundi avuga ko bariyeri zashyizweho ku wa 08/04/1994 nyuma y’inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi (c 284), naho mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 03/03/2015 avuga ko nyuma y’inama yakoreshejwe na Gatanazi ku mugoroba bamaze kuzana abashinzwe umutekano, aribwo yahise iterana inapanga abajya kuri za bariyeri (c 1675). [186] Bavuga kandi ko BZJ anivuguruza ku gihe bariyeri zagiriyeho, kuko ku wa 15/09/2010 (c651), yavuze ko bariyeri zagiyeho ku wa 07/04/1994 nyuma y’inama ya Burugumesitiri yakoreshejwe ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, mu gihe ku wa 25/01/2012 (c284), yavuze ko bariyeri zagiyeho ku wa 08/04/1994. [187] Ku birebana no kuvuguruzanya n’abandi, basobanura ko bavuguruzanya na: - UCC kuko mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 28/10/2015 (c 1733), yabajijwe niba hari bariyeri azi yari imbere y’urusengero, asubiza ko iyari ihari ari iya Leta, ko yari yarashyizweho n’ubuyobozi. - Mukumira Innocent nawe mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 18/04/2012, yavuze ko hari bariyeri eshanu (5), ebyiri zashyizweho na Leta mu muhanda n’eshatu (3) zashyizweho kugira ngo zicunge umutekano w’inkambi (c 383), kandi ntavuga uwazishyirishijeho mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bumwifashisha nk’umuntu wafatanyije na Uwinkindi Jean. - CDR nawe mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 02/02/2012, yavuze ko bariyeri zashyizweho na Mukumira Innocent, anavuga ko yageze kuri bariyeri zose ariko ko ntayo yabonyeho Uwinkindi Jean (c210). [188] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko hari n’abandi batangabuhamya bavuze ku bya bariyeri, nka CCY mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 27/03/2000 (c 821) wavuze ko ku wa 07/04/1994 nta bariyeri zari mu muhanda, BZE nawe mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 08/03/2004 avuga ko ku wa 07/04/1994 Abatutsi ari bo bari bateraniye kuri Kariyeri, nyamara aho niho bavuga hari bariyeri, bakaba batari kuhateranira kandi ariho babategeraga, CDH nawe mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 17/04/2000, akaba yaravuze ko ku wa 07/04/1994 yanyuze kuri Kariyeri hafi ya ADEPR inshuro ebyiri ko kandi nta bariyeri zari mu muhanda. [189] Uwinkindi Jean avuga na none ko hejuru y’inenge zagaragajwe haruguru, BZI yari Responsable naho BZJ amwungirije, mu gihe we atigeze aba mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ubwo aribwo bwose, bikaba rero bitumvikana ukuntu yari gushingisha bariyeri; ko bariyeri zari zihari koko ariko zarashyizweho n’ubuyobozi, kandi nta bariyeri zari mu mbago z’urusengero rwa ADEPR ahubwo imwe yari kwa BZJ, indi kwa Ezira mu marembo ya Serire Kayenzi, iya gatatu iri kwa Kalinganire, ni ukuvuga mu marembo y’abategetsi. [190] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira banenga kandi kuba mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu gihe ruvuguruzanya n’urundi narwo rwashingiweho mu gika cya 62 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha

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[191] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZI, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kwivuguruza kuri mu mvugo ye, kuko yasobanuye ko bariyeri azi Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare mu ishingwa ryazo ari eshatu (3) nk’uko yavuvuze mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 25/01/2012 (c 306), ko n’imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015 no ku wa 15/10/2015, yasobanuye ubuyo Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya bariyeri kandi ko nta kindi zari zigamije usibye kwica Abatutsi. Ko kuba ataravuze ko zari eshanu bitafatwa ko yivuguruje kuko bishoboka ko hari izindi atabonye. Avuga kandi ko uwo mutangabuhamya yasobanuye ko yari aziranye na Uwinkindi Jean kuko bakoranye mu Itorero ari Pasitori naho BZI ari umudiyakoni, kandi bigaragara ko ubuhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko buhura neza n’ubwo yatangiye mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 16/09/2010 (c639- 646) n’ubwo yatangiye mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda (C 298-312). [192] Avuga kandi ko ubuhamya bwa BZI buhura neza n’ubwa BZJ ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri ku buryo ibyo bavuga byagombaga gushingirwaho. Naho ku birebana n’amatariki bariyeri zagiriyeho Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko atandukanye, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko umuntu ashobora kwibeshya, ko kandi mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko ntacyo bihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya kuko ariryo rirebwa, ko ahubwo uwajuriye yagombye kunyomoza ibyasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwifashishije urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. [193] Akomeza avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean ko BZI na BZJ bari abayobozi muri Leta naho we ari umuyobozi w’Itorero, ntacyo byamara mu bujurire kuko yagombye kunenga impamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze mu gika cya 21 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, runashingiye ku rubanza rwa Kayishema na Ruzindana rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. [194] Ku birebana na Mukumira Innocent, Ubushinjacyaha busanga kuba yaravuze bariyeri eshanu (ebyiri za Leta n’eshatu zo gucunga umutekano), atavuguruzanya na BZI na BZJ ahuwo ashimangira imvugo zabo. [195] Avuga kandi ko kuba CCY yaravuze ko ku wa 07/04/1994 nta bariyeri zari mu muhanda, bitavanaho ubuhamya bw’abavuze ko zari zihari, hakaba n’abavuze ko zashinzwe ku wa 08/07/1994, we akaba ashobora kuba yarahanyuze zitarashingwa. [196] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZE, uhagarariye Ubushinacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean atari inenge kuko kuba Abatutsi bari bateraniye kuri Kariyeri bitavuze ko nta bariyeri zari zihari nk’uko byemejwe n’abandi batangabuhamya, ko kandi bishoboka ko abavuga ko batabonye bariyeri byatewe nuko bahanyuze zitarajyaho kuko zagiyeho nyuma y’inama yakoreshejwe na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi. [197] Asanga rero ku birebana n’ishingwa rya bariyeri, Urukiko Rukuru rwarabisobanuye mu bika bya 20-21 kandi nta na hamwe harimo kwivuguruza cyangwa kuvuguruzanya kw’abatangabuhamya rwashingiyeho. [198] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean irebana n’imanza zashingiweho mu bika bya 22 na 62 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, nta shingiro ifite, kuko ikirebwa ari ireme ry’ibyo abatangabuhamya bavuga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [199] Ikibazo cy’ishingwa rya bariyeri cyasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu bika bya 18-22 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa BZI na BZJ rukemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yategetse ko hashyirwaho bariyeri akanagena imikorerere n’imicungire yazo.

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[200] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko umutangabuhamya BZI atagombaga gushingirwaho kuko yivuguruza, Urukiko rurasanga uwo mutangabuhamya ari mu baje mu Rukiko Rukuru42, ariko bikaba bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean atigeze abyutsa icyo kibazo cyo kwivuguruza ari nabwo uwo mutangabuhamya yashoboraga kukisobanuraho, akaba rero atakibyutsa mu bujurire kuko bifatwa ko yivukije uburenganzira bwo kubikora nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ku kibazo kirebana no gukosora inyandiko itanga ikirego (II.3.1) kimwe no mu bika bya 178-179 by’uru rubanza (II.3.7.1). Usibye kandi ibyasobanuye ku bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, ibimaze kuvugwa binahura n’ibyemejwe na TPIR mu rubanza rwa Gatete, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko kuba Urukiko rwa mbere rutarasuzumye ukwivuguruza k’umutangabuhamya, nta kosa rwakoze, ko Gatete atigeze avuga icyo kibazo ubwo yabazaga uwo mutangabuhamya, ko uwo mutangabuhamya atigeze abona uburyo bwo kwisobanura kuri uko kwivuguruza, ku buryo Urukiko rutashoboraga kumenya niba uko kwivuguruza gutuma ubuhamya bwe butizerwa43. [201] Urukiko rurasanga na none, usibye kuba Uwinkindi Jean atarabyukije ikibazo cyo kwivuguruza kwa BZI, binagaragara ko imvugo we n’umwunganira bashingiraho mu bujurire bavuga ko uwo mutangabuhamya yivuguruje, bayigereranya n’iy’Ubushinjacyaha batanavuga aho iri mu rubanza, bikaba rero bitakwitwa ko yivuguruje kuko kwivuguruza bivuze ko ari ukuvuga ikintu kimwe mu buryo butandukanye (se contredire), usibye ko no mu miburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha iri mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, naho havugwa bariyeri eshatu. [202] Urukiko rurasanga rero n’ubwo ikibazo cyo kwivuguruza kiba cyaravuzwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ntacyo cyari guhindura ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwa BZI bwashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru. [203] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZJ, Urukiko rurasanga nawe ari mu batangabuhamya baje mu Rukiko Rukuru44, Uwinkindi Jean akaba yarashoboraga kubyutsa ikibazo cy’ivuguruzanya avuga ziri mu mvugo ze, bityo nk’uko byasobanuye ku mutangabuhamya BZI, bikaba bigomba gufatwa ko yivukije uburenganzira bwo kubikora mu bujurire. [204] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibimaze kuvugwa ku birebana no kwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya BZI na BZJ, ari ko bigomba gufatwa ku birebana no kuvuguruzanya n’abandi batangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga, kuko Uwinkindi Jean atagaragaza icyamubujije kugaragaza icyo kibazo ku rwego rwa mbere kugira ngo gifatweho icyemezo, ngo abe aricyo ajuririra. [205] Ku birebana n’inenge zishingiye ku manza zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu bika bya 22 na 62 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko urubanza rwashigiweho mu gika cya 22 ruvuguruzanya n’urwashingiweho mu gika cya 62, nta shingiro bifite, kuko izo manza zirebana n’ibintu bitandukanye (situations différentes), bitewe n’uko mu rubanza RPA 0117/07/CS rwashingiweho mu gika cya 22, icyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ari uko hatarebwa amagambo umutangabuhamya yakoresheje ahubwo harebwa niba ireme ry’ibyo yavuze ridahinduka, mu gihe mu rubanza RPAA 0034/10/CS rwashingiweho mu gika cya 62, Urukiko

42 Reba inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 04/03/2015 n’iyo ku wa 15/10/2015. 43 Urubanza nº ICTR-00-61-A rwo ku wa, igika cya 143: “………De plus, bien que la Chambre de première instance n’ait pas examiné cette contradiction, la Chambre d’appel n’est pas convaincue qu’elle a commis une erreur à cet égard. Gatete n’a pas évoqué la contradiction lorsqu’il contre-interrogeait la témoin BUY ni lorsqu’il contestait la crédibilité du témoin dans ces dernières conclusions. Le témoin BUY n’a donc pas eu la possibilité d’élucider telle ou telle contradiction sur ce point et la Chambre de première instance ne pouvait dès lors pas déterminer si la divergence alléguée remettait en cause la crédibilité de sa déposiion, d’autant plus qu’il n’avait pas été demandé que la déclaration soit admise en preuve. Il suit de là que Gatete n’a pas démontré que la Chambre de première instance avait eu tort de s’appuyer sur la déposition du témoin BUY pour conclure qu’il avait ordonné aux Interahamwe de tuer le réfugiés tutsis.” 44 Reba inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 03/03/2015 n’iyo ku wa 15/10/2015.

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rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko hatashingirwa ku buhamya bw’abantu bavuga mu buryo butandukanye ibintu bemeza ko baboneye igihe kimwe. [206] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwinkindi Jean ku birebana n’ishingwa rya baryeri, nta shingiro ifite. II.3.7.2. Ku birebana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [207] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko imvugo za Rusatsi, Mukumira na BZF zishingirwaho na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira zitavuguruza ibyavuzwe na CDF, CDH na BZJ, kuko Rusatsi na bagenzi be bivugira ko batigeze bajya mu bitero, ko rero batazi uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero byabereye muri Serire Rwankeri, naho mu gika cya 47, ruvuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko atigeze ajya mu bitero, ko nta bubasha cyangwa ubushake bwo kuzana abasirikare n’abajandarume no kubaha amabwiriza yigeze agira, uretse kubivuga gusa nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya CDH, CDF na BZJ, nyamara rwabyemeje hirengagijwe imvugo z’abatangabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha bemeje ko atigeze ajya mu bitero, aribo: - BZI: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 25/01/2012 (c275) yavuze ko nta bitero yabonyemo Uwinkindi Jean, ko nta n’umuntu yigeze abona yica (c269). - BZH: nawe mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 25/01/2012 yavuze ko nta gitero yabonyemo Uwinkindi Jean (c216). - BZF: abazwa ku wa 26/01/2012 yavuze ko nta gitero na kimwe yigeze abonamo Uwinkindi Jean (c339), ko kandi yavuze ibyo yahagazeho kuko ari umwe mu Batutsi bari barahungiye kwa Uwinkindi Jean hamwe n’umuryango we. - Rusatsi Jean Bosco: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 18/04/2012 yavuze ko nta gitero yabonye Uwinkindi Jean ajyamo, kandi ko yamubonaga buri munsi (c373), ko icyo abona, ari uko abantu bapfiriye iwe gusa ariko we nta muntu yishe (c374). - Mukumira Innocent: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 18/04/2012 yavuze ko uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean ari ubugwari yagize bwo kudahangana n’abazaga kwica. - BZJ: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 25/01/2012 yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abo bantu kuko ntacyo yakoze ngo baticwa kandi yari afite abapolisi, bakaba barishe abo bantu arebera. - CDR: abazwa ku wa 02/02/2012 yavuze ko atabonye Uwinkindi Jean mu gitero, ko ahubwo yabashoreraga yabarenza urugo, aho imbago z’urusengero zigarukira akagaruka mu kigo imbere (c200). - CDG: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 01/02/2012 yavuze ko igikorwa nyiri izina ntacyo yakoze. - CCU (c 214) abajijwe ku myitwarire ya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko uruhare rwe ari uko yacumbikiye Abahutu bahigaga Abatutsi gusa. - UCG: Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze ko yapakiye imodoka ye interahamwe zo kujya kwica Abatutsi i Kayenzi kandi yari iwe, ndetse nta n’imodoka ye yagiye mu bitero. - UCF (wemera ko yagiye mu bitero), mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 (c1745) no ku wa 28/10/2015 (c2002) yavuze ko ntacyo azi kuri Uwinkindi Jean, uretse ko hari umunsi yaciye ku rusengero agiye mu gitero i Cyugaro asanga abwira abantu ngo bakureho imirambo y’abantu bari bishwe.

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- UCC: mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 (c1742) no ku wa 28/10/2015 (c1997) yavuze ko ntacyo Uwinkindi Jean yakoze kuko atamubonye mu bitero. - UCD (uvuga ko yagiye mu bitero): mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 (c1735) no ku wa 28/10/2015 (c1990) yavuze ko yagiye mu bitero, ariko ko atabibonyemo Uwinkindi Jean. - CDD: abazwa ku wa 05/03/2015 (c1710) yabajijwe uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu iyicwa ry’abakristo, avuga ko hari abaguye ku rusengero. - CCW: mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/03/2015 yemeje ko atigeze abona Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero by’i Kayenzi nubwo hari ibindi yamuvuzeho mu buhamya bwe. [208] Mu kwanzura, bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze amakosa yo kwibeshya gushingiye ku byabaye, kuko rutavuze impamvu rutashingiye ku mvugo z’abo batangabuhamya kandi zari muri dosiye, bityo ko urwo Rukiko rutagombaga kwirengagiza ibyo bimenyetso byari muri dosiye kabone nubwo uregwa atabivuga. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [209] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire ya Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu bika bya 43-48 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwagaragaje ko BZJ yabajijwe muri TPIR, mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda no mu Rukiko Rukuru asobanura uburyo Uwinkindi Jean ari we wayoboye ibitero byabishe nk’uko byanashimangiwe na CDH mu buhamya yatanze ku wa 15/04/1994, aho yavuze ku ruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero byabereye muri Serire ya Rwankeri. [210] Avuga kandi ko harebwe imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean iri mu bika bya 32-42, abandi batangabuhamya bavugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bataburanyweho mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko ko batamushinjura kuko batavuguruza ubuhamya bwa CDF, CDH na BZJ bwashingiweho n’urwo Rukiko mu buryo bukurikira: - BZI: ntabwo ashinjura Uwinkindi Jean kuko abazwa muri TPIR ku wa 16/09/2010 (c 627-632) yasobanuye ko bitewe n’uko yari ashaje atajyaga mu bitero akaba atamenya niba Uwinkindi Jean yarabijyagamo, ko icyo azi neza kandi ahamya ari uko ibitero byose byagabwaga byaturukaga kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yabaga azi neza icyo bigiye gukora, anasobanura ko abicwaga bose ari Uwinkindi Jean wayoboraga ubwicanyi, ko yanazanye abasirikare bo gutiza umurindi Abahutu bicaga. Iyo mvugo kandi akaba yarongeye kuyivugira imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru. Mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 25/01/2012, yasobanuye kandi ko Uwinkindi yamusabye ko bajyana gusaba ababafasha kurinda umutekano kuri Komine, bagerayo Burugumesitiri Gatanazi akababwira ko abandi barimo gukora, ahita aha Uwinkindi abajandarume 2 n’abapolisi 2 n’imodoka yabatwaye. Yanasobanuye ko nta muntu yigeze abona Uwinkindi yica, ko atanamubonye ajya mu bitero, ko ariko ari we washyirishijeho bariyeri eshatu, akanatoranya mu nterahamwe abo kuzikoraho, ko kandi iyo interahamwe zabaga zigiye kujya mu bitero zacaga iwe kugira ngo zibanze zihabwe amabwiriza, ko mu mabwiriza yatanze harimo no gukusanya imisanzu yo guha abajandarume n’abapolisi bari ku rusengero. - BZH: nawe ntashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 25/01/2012 yavuze ko ku wa 09/04/1994 mu gitondo bishyize hamwe kugira ngo bakumire igitero cyashoboraga kubatera, bigeze saa tatu n’igice, igitero cyaturutse ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, asobanura ko yamubonye mu bitero byo ku wa 09/04/1994 no ku wa 15/04/1994, bivuze rero ko nta hantu uwo mutangabuhamya yigeze avuga amagambo Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira banditse mu mwanzuro wabo.

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- BZF: mu buhamya yatangiye muri TPIR ku wa 16/09/2010 yasobanuye uburyo we n’umuryango we bahungiye ku rusengero rwa Uwinkindi, ko aho ku rusengero basanze harahungiye Abahutu n’Abatutsi, ko ariko nyuma, ari Uwinkindi Jean wategetse Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, anasobanura ko ari we wayoboraga Komite y’umutekano, ko kandi ariyo yateguraga ubwicanyi bwose bwakorwaga. Yanasobanuye ko umubyeyi we (mama we) yagiye asabwa kenshi kwitaba iyo Komite kuko bakekaga ko ari Umututsikazi, ndetse ko kenshi bashatse kubica kuko se yari Umututsi. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko kuba uwo mutangabuhamya atarabonye Uwinkindi mu bitero, ari uko nawe atabijyagamo kuko yabaga yihishe nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. - UCD: Uhagararariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ari umutangabuhamya watanzwe na Uwinkindi Jean, ko rero atari uw’Ubushinjacyaha nk’uko abivuga; ko ubwo yabazwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, yasobanuye ko yageze ku rusengero abantu barishwe, anavuga ko atitaga kuri Uwinkindi Jean kuko ntacyo yamushakagaho, bityo kuba avuga ko ntacyo amuziho bitavanaho cyangwa bitavuguruza ubuhamya bwa BZJ, CDF na CDH bwashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru. - Rusatsi Jean Bosco: nawe ntashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, ko ahubwo we n’umwunganira bahinduye imvugo ye, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 18/04/2012 yasobanuye ko ubwo yabazwaga niba Pasteur Uwinkindi Jean yarajyaga mu bitero, yasubije muri aya magambo: nta gitero nigeze mbona ajyamo ariko ibitero byose siko nabibonye kandi jye nta gitero nigeze njyamo kandi hari n’igihe nabaga ntari mu nkambi nagiye gushaka ibyo abana banjye barya, naho ku ruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean, avuga ko abantu bapfiriye iwe ariko we nta muntu yishe, ko kandi abo bantu bishwe hari abapolisi ntibagira icyo bakora ngo babakize, ko rero imvugo ya Rusatsi Jean Bosco idashinjura Uwinkindi Jean ku byaha yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, kuko atajyaga mu bitero. - Mukumira Innocent: nawe ntashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabivuze mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, yavuze ko atajyaga mu bitero, Uwinkindi Jean rero akaba atabigira impamvu y’ubujurire avuga ko amushinjura. - CDG: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avugisha uwo mutangabuhamya atari byo kubera ko atamushinjuye kuko abazwa muri TPIR ku wa 17/04/2000, yasobanuye ko yari azi Uwinkindi Jean kuko bakoranye umurimo w’ivugabutumwa muri ADEPR, ko yari afitiye Abatutsi urwango abishingiye ko muri 1990 ubwo yigishaga mu rusengero yavuze ko Abatutsi ari Inyenzi zateye u Rwanda, ko bagomba kuzirwanya, anavuga ko nyuma y’itariki ya 06/04/1994 yamubonye rimwe gusa abasanze kuri Komine Kanzenze, aho bari barahungiye agakorana inama na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi wari kumwe na Bapfakurera n’abandi atashoboye kumenya, ko Burugumesitiri Gatanazi amaze kubashumuriza interahamwe ngo zibice ari bwo Uwinkindi Jean yahavuye ubwicanyi bumaze gutangira, agenda n’imodoka ya Daihatsu y’icyatsi yari ipakiye imbunda, inyundo n’imihoro, ko kuva uwo munsi atongeye kumubona. - CDR: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko usibye ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga kuri uwo mutangabuhamya bidasobanutse, ariko abazwa muri TPIR ku wa 11/04/2000, yasobanuye ko ari umuhutukazi utarahigwaga, wahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR abitegetswe na Bapfakurera kugira ngo batazahisha Abatutsi mu ngo zabo, ko akigera ku rusengero yasanze Uwinkindi Jean afite icumu, umuheto n’imyambi, ko ku munsi wakurikiyeho Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera babahamagariye kujya mu nama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi, ko kandi mu byumweru bibiri yahamaze yabonye Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera baza kenshi gukangurira Abahutu bari ku rusengero kujya kwica Abatutsi bari bihishe mu mashyamba, ko rero uwo mutangabuhamya nawe adashinjura Uwinkindi Jean. - CDD: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bitandukanye n’ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/03/2015 no

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mu ibazwa rye muri TPIR ku wa 24/04/2000, kuko yavuze ko yabonye interahamwe ziza kubica inshuro ebyiri, abona Uwinkindi Jjean ashoreye interahamwe afite inkoni, anamwiyumvira azibwira ko nta Mututsi ugomba gusigara, ko rero adashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kandi ntacyo Urukiko Rukuru rwari kujya kureba muri ubwo buhamya, usibye kongera umubare w’ibimenyetso byashingiweho bimuhamya icyaha. - CCU: Nawe ntashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko haba ibyo yavugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru no muri TPIR ku wa 12/04/2000, yasobanuye ko ubwo indege ya Habyarimana yagwaga, yabonye Uwinkindi Jean na Sebutwaro batangiye kwitwaza intwaro gakondo, amacumu n’imiheto…, akoresha ubwicanyi; ko harebwe imvugo z’uwo mutangabuhamya, agaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wicaga agakiza, ko ari we wategekaga abicanyi bari kuri Paruwasi Kayenzi. [211] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta mpamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwari kureba ubuhamya bwabo kuko butavuguruza ubw’abo urwo Rukiko rwashingiyeho, kandi nta nubwo bashinjura Uwinkindi Jean nk’uko abiburanisha, ahubwo bigaragara ko afata akajambo kamwe akakavana muri context y’ubuhamya bwose muri rusange, ari nacyo uru Rukiko rukwiye kuzasuzuma. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [212] Mu bika bya 43, 44, 45 na 48 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kubera ko ubuhamya bwa CDF, CDH na BZJ bugaragaza ko ibitero byari biyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean yifashishije abasirikare n’abajandarume aribyo byishe Abatutsi benshi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, barimo Kamanzi Paul, Ngabo, Mutimura, umwana wa Ndekezi Xavier n’uwa Muzezayo Charles, Nyirankangura, Nsengiyumva, Habarugira Emmanuel, Muderi Clotilde, Rwibasira Justin n’abandi. [213] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko imvugo zabo zirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bigaragara ko muri bo hari abatanze ubuhamya mu nzego z’iperereza gusa ariko ntibaza imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru, bivuze ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 8 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru45, ubuhamya bwabo bwonyine butashingirwaho kuko bataje mu Rukiko kugira ngo babwemeze, hakaba rero hagomba gusuzuma gusa ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Rukiko, keretse mu gihe uwajuriye yagaragaza ko ubuhamya bwatanzwe mbere bushyigikirwa n’ubwatangiwe mu Rukiko nk’uko igika cya gatatu (3) cy’ingingo ya 8 imaze kuvugwa kibyumvikanisha, cyangwa ko yasabye ko abo batangabuhamya baza mu Rukiko akabyangirwa. [214] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ku birebana n’abatangabuhamya baje mu Rukiko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 yavuzwe haruguru, Uwinkindi Jean atashingira gusa ku buhamya batangiye mu nzego z’iperereza mu gihe atagaragaza ko babwemeje mu Rukiko. [215] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubuhamya bugomba gusuzumwa ari ubwatangiwe mu Rukiko bwa UCF, UCC, UCD, CDD na CCW. [216] Ku birebana n’ubuhamya UCF yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/03/2015 no ku wa 28/10/2015, urukiko rurasanga budashinjura Uwinkindi Jean ku birebana n’uruhare yagize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kubera ko yasobanuye ko atari asanzwe azi Uwinkindi Jean kuko batari baturanye, ko ahubwo yamubwiwe na Bapfakurera ubwo

45 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko ibimenyetso byakusanyijwe hakurikijwe Sitati n’Amategeko agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’ibimenyetsi bya TPIR n’Urwego bishobora gukoreshwa mu manza ziburanishwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urukiko Rukuru ntirushobora guhamya umuntu icyaha rushingiye gusa ku buhamya bwanditse bwatanzwe mbere n’abatangabuhamya batigeze batanga ubuhamya mu iburanisha. Icyakora, Urukiko Rukuru rushobora guhamya umuntu icyaha rushingiye ku gaciro k’ubwo buhamya bwanditse iyo ubwo buhamya bufite ubundi bubushyigikira.

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yamubwiraga ko uwabasabaga gushyingura imirambo itatu (3) yari ku rusengero yitwa Uwinkindi Jean. [217] Urukiko rurasanga kandi imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko UCC atamushinje kubera ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 no ku wa 28/10/2015 yavuze ko ntacyo Uwinkindi Jean yakoze kuko atamubonye mu bitero, nta shingiro ifite, kuko ubwo buhamya butarebana n’uruhare Uwinkindi Jean yagize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, ko ahubwo burebana n’ibyabereye ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi kubera ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, UCC yasobanuye ko igihe cya jenoside yo mu 1994, yabonanye na Pasitori Uwinkindi Jean ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi inshuro imwe gusa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 kubera ko atashoboraga kuva i Nyagihunika, aho yari atuye. [218] Urukiko rurasanga na none imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko CDD atamushinje kubera ko mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/03/2015, yavuze ko atagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abakristu baguye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, nta shingiro ifite, kuko ubwo buhamya burebana n’ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri urwo rusengero, bivuze ko butamushinjura ku birebana n’uruhare yagize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryabereye muri Serire Rwankeri no ku gasozi ka Kayenzi, kuko ahubwo muri urwo Rukiko, CDD yasobanuye ko ibitero byari biyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean yifashishije abajandarume, aribyo byishe abantu benshi barimo Mbuguje n’umukecuru nyina wa Mujyambere baguye ku gasozi ka Kayenzi. [219] Urukiko rurasanga kandi imvugo ya Uwinkindi Jean y’uko CCW atamushinje kubera ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/03/2015, yemeje ko atigeze abona Uwinkindi Jean mu bitero by’i Kayenzi, nta shingiro ifite, kuko icyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ari uko atamubonye mu bitero by’i Kayenzi, anavuga ko yamubonye mu bitero bibiri, harimo icyabereye iwabo i Gatare cyishe Paul Kamanzi, cyarimo na Kayinamura, Rusatsi na Mukumira. [220] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo ubuhamya bwa UCF, UCC, UCD, CDD na CCW buba bwarasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ntacyo bwahindura ku byemejwe n’urwo Rukuru mu bika bya 43, 44, 45 na 48 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. Ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Kamanzi Paul Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [221] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kumuhamya icyaha hashingiwe ku buhamya bwa CDF na CDH, kuko mu Bushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda (c327-328), CDF yavuze ko Kamanzi Paul yishwe na Munyanziza ku wa 08/04/1994, saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, amwicira kwa Mudenge nk’uko byanemejwe na BZH muri TPIR ku wa 08/09/2010 (c 611), uretse ko yavuze ko atiboneye icyo gitero, nyamara BZF ushinjura Uwinkindi Jean bari kumwe icyo gihe we avuga ko yiboneye Munyanziza muri icyo gitero. [222] Bavuga kandi ko mu Bushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda (c269), CDH yavuze ko Kamanzi Paul yiciwe kwa Mudenge, yicwa na Muhutu, Rusatsi na Semanyenzi, nyamara mu Bushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 25/01/2012 (c252), BZH yavuze ko Kamanzi Paul yiciwe mu rugabano rwa Serire Gatare na Rwankeri, akanivuguruza avuga ko yiciwe muri Serire Rwankeri, ko kandi atamenye abamwishe kandi yari kumwe na CDF icyo gihe, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bakaba bibaza ukuntu umuntu umwe yakwicirwa muri Serire ebyiri mu isaha no ku itariki imwe. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [223] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Kamanzi Paul nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko abatangabuhamya bahuriza ku kuba Uwinkindi Jean yari mu gitero cyamwishe. Urugero nuko umutangabuhamya witwa BZE (c 688-703) yavuze ko ku wa 09/04/1994 yiboneye Uwinkindi Jean na Muhutu mu gitero cyaje gushaka Kamanzi

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Paul hafi y’urusengero, aho yari atuye, bafite imbunda, noneho Abatutsi bagerageza kwirwanaho bakoresheje imyambi, abandi bakabarasa amasasu, ko icyo gitero kimaze kugenda, yiboneye umurambo wa Kamanzi Paul ku mahuriro y’umuhanda ujya i Kayenzi n’ujya ku rusengero rwa Gatare, ariko ko bari bamutemaguye n’umupanga. Asobanura kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yayoboraga icyo gitero kuko yamwiyumviye avuga ati: mwigeze mubona Paul Kamanzi muri abo bantu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [224] Mu gika cya 43 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Kamanzi Paul kuko ubuhamya bwa CDH na CDF bugaragaza ko ku mugoroba wo ku wa 08/04/1994, Kamanzi Paul yishwe n’igitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean. [225] Mu miburanire ye yavuzwe haruguru, Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko iyo Urukiko Rukuru rwita ku mvugo CDF, BZH, BZF, CDH na CDI bavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza rwari gusanga ataragize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Kamanzi Paul, kubera ko imvugo zabo zivuguruzanya ku birebana n’uwamwishe, aho yiciwe, itariki n’isaha yiciweho. [226] Urukiko rurasanga abatangabuhamya CDH na CDF bashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Kamanzi Paul, bari mu batangabuhamya baje muri urwo Rukiko, ariko Uwinkindi Jean ntiyabavuguruza ashingiye ku buhamya batangiye mu nzego z’iperereza ku birebana n’urwo rupfu kugira ngo babyisobanureho maze Urukiko rubifateho icyemezo, bityo kuba atarabikoze akaba yarivukije uburenganzira bwo kubizana mu bujurire nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [227] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, Uwinkindi Jean atanenga ubuhamya bwa CDH na CDF ashingiye ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nzego z’iperereza na BZH, mu gihe atagaragaza ko ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze yongeye kubyemeza mu Rukiko Rukuru. [228] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga rero nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Kamanzi Paul hashingiwe ku buhamya bwa CDH na CDF bwavuzwe haruguru. Ku byerekeye urupfu rwa Bandora Sébastien Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [229] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gika cya 44 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa havugwamo ko Bandora yaguye mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, nyamara mu buhamya bwa CDH bwo ku wa 17/04/2000, yavuze ko Bandora yishwe na BZJ ku wa 09/04/1994, nyuma ya saa sita muri Rwankeri, naho mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 02/02/2012, uwo mutangabuhamya avuga ko Bandora yishwe ku wa 09/04/1994, mbere ya saa sita nka saa tatu, yicirwa hagati ya Kayumba na Rwankeri, ko kandi atazi uwamwishe. Ubwo yari imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/10/2015, yavuze ko yishwe ku wa 08/04/1994 nka saa tatu yicirwa hagati ya Rwankeri na Gatare, bakibaza uburyo umuntu umwe wabonye ibintu abivuga mu buryo butandukanye. [230] Bavuga kandi ko ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Bandora, umutangabuhamya BZJ abazwa ku wa 15/09/2010, yavuze ko yishwe ku wa 07/04/1994 ariko ntiyavuga aho yiciwe n’uwamwishe, mu gihe mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 25/01/2012 yavuze iby’urwo rupfu ashidikanya kuko yavuze ko yishwe na Kalisa amurashe umwambi ku wa 9 cyangwa ku wa 10/04/1994, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 03/03/2015, yavuze ko yiciwe munsi y’urusengero ariko ntiyavuga uwamwishe, naho muri urwo Rukiko ku wa 15/10/2015 avuga ko yarashwe isasu. [231] Kuri urwo rupfu rwa Bandora, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko umutangabuhamya CCW mu ibazwa rye mu Bushinjacyaha ku wa 31/01/2012, yavuze ko yiciwe mu isambu ya

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Nyiramashana yishwe na Kayinamura amurashe umwambi, bivuze rero ko urupfu rwe ruvugwa mu buryo butandukanye. Imyiregurire y’Ubushinjacyaha [232] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko umutangabuhamya CDH ativuguruje nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean abivuga, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 17/04/2000 yasobanuye ko ku wa 09/04/1994 bagabweho igitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean kibasanga aho bari bahungiye, ko bagerageje kwirwanaho basunika icyo gitero, ko hafi ya saa sita aribwo Bandora Sébastien yishwe na BZJ amurashe umwambi. Naho abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 02/02/2012 yavuze ko icyo gitero cyarimo Uwinkindi Jean cyabateye aho bari bihishe mu Rwankeri bahangana nacyo kugera igihe cya saa sita, ko cyabishemo Sébastien mu gihe cya saa tanu arashwe umwambi. Ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya mu Rukiko Rukuru yasobanuye ko Uwinkindi jean yazanye igitero aho bari bari barahangana, ko bigeze saa saba hishwe Sébastien. Ubushinjacyaha busanga imvugo za CDH zihuriza ku kuba Bandora Sébastien yaraguye mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi akicishwa umuheto. [233] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZJ, uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 15/09/2010, yemeye ko yari mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean kikica Bandora Sébastien, kandi ko na CDH yamuvuze, naho ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 25/01/2012, nabwo yavuze ko igitero cyo ku wa 9 cyangwa ku wa 10/04/1994 cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean cyahagurukiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, asobanura ko Bandora Sébastien ari mu bishwe arashwe umwambi na Kalisa. Abazwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, BZJ yongeye avuga ko Bandora yaguye mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean. [234] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu mabazwa ye yose, BZJ yemeye ko yari mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, ko kandi Bandora yaguye muri icyo gitero, ko kuba hamwe yaravuze ko yarashwe umwambi na Kalisa ahandi akavuga ko yarashwe isasu nta gitangaza kirimo, kuko ashobora kuba yarabivuze ahunga kwishinja, igikuru akaba ari uko yemeye ko yari mu gitero cyishe Bandora Sébastien. [235] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya CCW, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko abazwa ku wa 31/01/2012, yasobanuye ko ku itariki atibuka neza hari igitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean cyabasanze aho bari bahungiye i Kayenzi, ko muri icyo gitero hishwe Bandora bamutsinze mu bihuru mu isambu ya Nyiramashana, yicwa na Kayinamura akoresheje umuheto, ko ariko ibyo bitavuze ko Bandora yishwe inshuro nyinshi anicirwa ahantu hatandukanye nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean abivuga, kuko ikigomba kurebwa ari uko yaguye mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [236] Mu gika cya 44 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko ku wa 09/04/1994, Bandora Sébastien yaguye mu gitero cyari kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, rubishingiye ku batangabuhamya rwagaragaje mu gika cya 43. [237] Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean bugamije kugaragaza ko abatangabuhamya BZJ na CDH bivuguruza mu buhamya batangiye mu nzego z’iperereza no mu Rukiko Rukuru. Urukiko rurasanga ariko, abo batangabuhamya baraje imbere y’urwo Rukiko, Uwinkindi Jean ntiyagaragaza ivuguruzanya avuga ko riri mu mvugo zabo ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Bandora Sébastien, kugira ngo babyisobanureho maze Urukiko rubifateho icyemezo, bityo nk’uko byasobanuwe ku bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, akaba atakwemererwa kuzana icyo kibazo mu bujurire kuko bifatwa ko yivukije ubwo burenganzira.

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[238] Urukiko rurasanga na none, Uwinkindi Jean atanenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru ashingiye ku buhamya CCW yatangiye mu nzego z’iperereza, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ubuhamya burebwa ari ubwatangiwe mu Rukiko, cyane cyane ko uwo mutangabuhamya ari mu baje mu Rukiko Rukuru. [239] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Bandora Sébastien yaguye mu gitero Uwinkindi Jean yari ayoboye. II.3.7.3. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi Ku birebana n’aho igitero cyishe abari barahungiye ku rusengero cyaturutse Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [240] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gika cya 102 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yemera ko hari abamuhungiyeho, agahakana ko nta nkambi y’abicanyi yabaye ku rusengero, ko n’abahiciwe bishwe n’ibitero bivuye ahandi atari afite ububasha bwo guhagarika, ariko uretse kubivuga nta kimenyetso abitangira kivuguruza ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abavuzwe haruguru bari bahahungiye, ndetse n’abo bafatanyije ibyo bikorwa by’ubwicanyi rusanga imyiregurire ye nta shingiro ifite, ko ariko Urukiko rwavuze ibyo rwirengagije ubuhamya buri muri dosiye rutigeze rugira icyo ruvugaho bwa: - CCX: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko iyo Urukiko rwita ku buhamya bwe, rwari kubona ko ari we wamuteye, kuko ku wa 19/04/2012 ari mu Bugenzacyaha, yavuze ko, kuri ADEPR twagiye turi igitero kinini kiyobowe n’umupolisi witwa Hakinzimfura tuvuye i Musenyi, ahandi ngo igitero najyanyemo iyo mbunda akaba ari icyo kuri ADEPR Kayenzi ku itariki ya 10/05/1994 kuri ADEPR nkaba naraharasiye abagore batatu, ubundi avuga ngo ku giti cyanjye nageze aho ngaho ku itariki ya 12 kuri ADEPR, kuko ku itariki ya 11 twahageze turi kumwe n’igitero cyari kiyobowe na Hakizimfura; ko ibyo yanabisubiyemo imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/03/2015. Basanga rero uwo mutangabuhamya yariyemereye ibitero yagabye harimo icyo kuri ADEPR Kayenzi, Kayumba, Musenyi, Murago, Cyugaro na Cyarunda kandi aho hose ntaho yavuze ko yajyanye na Uwinkindi Jean, akaba yaranavuze abamutegetse kujya mu bitero aribo Karehangabo wari “Assistant Bourgmestre” na “Sous/Préfet” Bizimana Jean de la Croix. Bavuga kandi ko n’igihe Uwinkindi Jean yari yarahunze, CCX yongeye agaba igitero kuri ADEPR Kayenzi ahica Abatutsi, ko rero iyo Urukiko rwita kuri uwo mutangabuhamya watanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rwari kumugira umwere. Basanga ariko ibyavuzwe n’uwo mutangabuhamya, ko Uwinkindi Jean yamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu rusengero, atari ukuri, kuko yasohotse (Uwinkindi) mu nzu kubera urusaku rw’amasasu, CCX yamaze kwica abantu, akaba asaba ko hazarebwa ubuhamya bwe bwose yatanze ku wa 19/04/2012 kuko asobanura neza uko ibintu byagenze. - AAP: Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko mu buhamya bw’uwo mutangabuhamya bwo ku wa 25- 26/04/2000 (c 442-447), nawe yavuze ko CCX ari we wateye ku rusengero, ko na nyuma Uwinkindi Jean amaze guhunga, yongeye atera aho ku rusengero. Uwinkindi Jean avuga kandi ko atashinjwa kwica Abatutsi bahungiye kuri ADEPR kandi hari abaharokokeye, barimo BZF n’umuryango we, umugore wa Rurangirwa n’abana be na bene wabo, n’abandi benshi baharokokeye. - BZI: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu buhamya yatanze ku wa 25/01/2012, yavuze ko hari igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi kiyobowe na Sentwari, cyica abantu benshi bari bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, bahambishwa na Uwinkindi Jean, ko ibyo yabisubiyemo mu Rukiko ku wa 04/03/2015. Bavuga ariko ko ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yabonye Uwinkindi Jean ahagarikiye icyo gitero bitahabwa agaciro kuko atari kubona ibibera kuri ADEPR ari iwe.

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- Mukumira Innocent: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangabuhamya ryo ku wa 18/04/2012, yavuze ko igitero cyishe abantu i Kayenzi cyari kivuye i Musenyi kiyobowe na Sentwari na Gasharankwanzi. - UCC: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 no ku wa 28/10/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yemeje ko abantu b’i Kayenzi bishwe n’igitero cyavuye i Musenyi, bakaba basanga ari umutangabuhamya w’ukuri wagombaga gushingirwaho kuko mu buhamya bwe yivugiye ko yamuteye, avuga abamwohereje n’abo bafatanyije. - Mukaruriza Clémentine: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 20/04/2012, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yabonye abantu benshi bishwe ku rusengero rwa ADEPR mu gitero cyarimo Gasharankwanzi na Sentwari cyari kivuye i Musenyi, ko ariko ibyo yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yayoboraga interahamwe atari byo kuko atari kuziyobora adafite ikarita cyangwa ibirango by’interahamwe. - BZJ: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunanira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 25/01/2012, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko abantu bishwe n’igitero cyari kivuye i Musenyi kiyobowe na Sentwari. Bavuga ariko ko hatashingirwa ku byo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yabonaga ibibera ku rusengero rwa ADEPR ari kuri bariyeri, kuko hagati harimo agashyamba n’urutoki. - CDR: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangabuhamya ryo ku wa 02/02/2012, nawe yavuze ko hishwe abantu benshi, ko hari umunsi hishwe abarenga 150 n’igitero kivuye i Musenyi. Uwinkindi Jean asanga ariko hari ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yacuze, kuko kuva yavuka atigeze atunga icumu cyangwa umuheto kuko atazi no kuwurashisha, akaba ahubwo yagombye kugaragaza aho yabiguriye kuko mu manza nshinjabyaha hagomba ibimenyetso. [241] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira basanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaramuhamije ko yishe abantu i Kayenzi rwirengagije ubwo buhamya, bivuze ko rwirengagije ibyabaye (les faits), kuko igitero cyabishe cyavuye i Musenyi. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [242] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira nta shingiro bifite, kuko: - BZI: abazwa muri TPIR ku wa 16/09/2010, mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda no mu Rukiko Rukuru, yavuze ko ku itariki atibuka neza yo muri mata 1994, yari iwe ubwo yabonaga igitero giturutse i Musenyi, ko abari muri icyo gitero bishe impunzi zari kuri Paruwasi, ko Jean Uwinkindi yari ahibereye kandi abahagarikiye, iyo mvugo akaba yarayisubiyemo imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru; ko rero imvugo y’uwo mutangabuhamya itavuguruza izashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru. - BZJ: Ubwo yabazwaga muri TPIR ku wa 15/09/2010, yavuze ko yabonye igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi kiyobowe na Sentwari, kigabwa ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi we ari kuri bariyeri y’i Rwankeri, ko kandi yemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari ahari. Ubushinjacyaha bwibutsa ko Uwinkindi yari akuriye komite y’umutekano, akaba yarashoboraga gukoresha ubwo bubasha agahagarika ubwo bwicanyi. - UCC: ntiyari gushingirwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko yavuze ko ubwicanyi bwo kuri ADEPR bwabaye ari i Nyagihunika aho yari atuye, kandi ni kure y’urusengero rwa ADEPR kuko ugereranyije hari ibilometero bitari munsi ya 20. Uwo mutangabuhamya avuga ko yari pasitori akaba yaraje gusura Uwinkindi Jean i Kayenzi kuko yari yarumvise ko hari igitero cyahateye kivuye i Musenyi, ko rero imvugo ze zitashingirwaho kuko atari ari aho Uwinkindi Jean aregwa ko yakoreye ibyaha, usibye ko n’ubwo ubuhamya bwe

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bwashingirwaho, ntacyo bwahindura ku bimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, kuko kuba igitero cyataturutse i Musenyi, cyari kije gufasha (renfort) interahamwe z’i Kayenzi, kuko Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yari yarabibemereye, kikaba rero kitari giteye Uwinkindi Jean nk’uko abivuga. Byongeye kandi, Uwinkindi Jean n’abantu be bari baratangiye kwica Abatutsi, nko mu bishanga bya Cyugaro n’ahandi nk’uko hari abatangabuhamya babivuga. - Mukaruziga Clémence: Ubuhamya bwe ntibushinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 20/04/2012, yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean ari umwe mu bari bafite ijambo ku nterahamwe zari ku rusengero afatanyije na Mukumira Innocent na Pasitoro Katabirora, kuko nk’iyo habaga hasahuwe inka, nibo bategekaga uko zigabanwya. Uwo mutangabuhamya yasobanuye kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean ari kumwe na Mukumira Innocent, Bapfakurera Evariste n’abandi atibuka, baje babasaba indangamuntu aho bari imbere mu rusengero, bageze hanze uwitwa Gasharankwanzi arasa abantu atamenye amazina, akaba anibuka ko Uwinkindi Jean yari mu gatsiko bazaniye umwana witwa Akayesu bari bavumbuye, Uwinkindi Jean n’ako gatsiko bamuha uwitwa Yuda ngo ajye kumwica ariko akizwa na Banguka watumye uwo mutangabuhamya kujya kumugarura, ko kandi ibyo bihura n’ubuhamya bw’uwo mwana yatanze mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 17/04/2012. - AAP: Ubushinjacyaha busanga nubwo nawe yavuze ko igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi ari cyo cyishe abantu bari ku rusengero rwa Kayenzi, ahuza n’abandi mu kwemeza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari ahari, bityo ubuhamya bwe bukaba butavuguruza ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho. - CCX: Kuba yaremeye ko yari mu gitero cyavuye i Musenyi, ntibivanaho cyangwa ngo bivuguruze ubuhamya bwashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko mu buhamya yatanze mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 19/04/2012, yasobanuye uburyo Uwinkindi Jean yamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu rusengero anamuha abana bamuherekeza, agezemo asohora abagore b’Abatutsikazi batatu (3) abarasira hanze, umusirikare wari uhari ashaka kumurasa ariko Uwinkindi Jean aramubuza, amubwira ko ari we wamuhaye uburanganzira. Yanasobanuye ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wategetse interahamwe zari aho ko abo bagore bahambwa mu cyobo cyahambwagamo abandi bishwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuka kandi ko uwo mutangabuhamya yasobanuye ko ataje mu gitero cyavuye i Musenyi, ko rero ubuhamya bwe budakwiye kureberwa mu ijambo rimwe gusa nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira babikora. - CDR: Ubuhamya bwe ntibuvuguruza ubwashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 02/02/2012, yasobanuye ko iyo abantu bazaga gutabara nk’uko babyitaga (interahamwe zitabaga ku rusengero), babanzaga kubara abaturutse ahandi bakabavanga n’abasanzwe aho, Uwinkindi Jean akabashorera (bagiye kwica), yabarenza imbago z’urusengero akagaruka mu kigo avuga ko aje gucunga umutekano w’abasigaye aho no gutekeshereza ababaga bagiye mu bitero. Yanavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yabaga afite icumu cyangwa umuheto. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyo mvugo ari nayo CDR yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 11/04/2000, aho yasobanuye ko ari Umuhutukazi utarahigwaga wahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR abitegetswe na Bapfakurera, kugira ngo batazahisha Abatutsi mu ngo zabo; ko akigera ku rusengero, Uwinkindi Jean yari afite icumu, umuheto n’imyambi, ko ku munsi wakurikiyeho Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera babahamagariye kujya mu nama ya Burgurmesitiri Gatanazi, ko kandi mu byumeru bibiri yahamaze yabonye Uwinkindi Jean na Bapfakurera baza kenshi gukangurira Abahutu bari ku rusengero kujya kwica Abatutsi bihishe mu mashyamba. - Mukumira Innocent: ibyo yavuze ntacyo bihindura kubyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, kuko kuvuga ko igitero cyavuye i Musenyi bitagibwaho impaka.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [243] Urukiko rurasanga imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko zitasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, hari izavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza izindi zivugirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, bityo nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 215 cy’uru rubanza, hagomba gusuzumwa ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Rukiko, ni ukuvuga ubwa CCX, BZI na UCC. [244] Ku birebana n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko zitasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bazihuza n’ibivugwa mu gika cya 102 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho urwo rukiko rwasobanuye ko: Uwinkindi Jean yemera ko hari abamuhungiyeho, agahakana ko nta nkambi y’abicanyi yabaye ku rusengero, ko n’abahiciwe bishwe n’ibitero bivuye ahandi atari afite ububasha bwo guhagarika. Ariko uretse kubivuga, nta kimenyetso abitangira kivuguruza ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abavuzwe haruguru bari bahahungiye, ndetse n’abo bari bafatanyije ibyo bikorwa by’ubwicanyi, bityo rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana, rusanga imyiregurire ye nta shingiro ifite. [245] Bigaragara ko abatangabuhamya Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho muri icyo gika ari BZI, BZJ, CDA46 na UCD bavugwa mu gika cya 101, aho Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko: abatangabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha BZI, BZJ na CDA bemeza ko ku matariki ya 7-08/04/1994 hari impunzi z’Abahutu n’iz’Abatutsi zahungiye ku rusengero , iz’abatutsi zibihatiwe na Bapfakurera wari mu itsinda rya Uwinkindi Jean mu rwego rwo kubabuza kugira Abatutsi bahisha mu ngo zabo, kandi baje gukoreshwa mu bwicanyi bwakozwe ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu nkengero zarwo. Mu gihe impunzi z’Abatutsi zo zahahungiye zizeye kuharokokera nk’uko byagenze muri 1992. Ibyo bikanavugwa na none n’umutangabuhamya ushinjura Uwinkindi Jean ariwe UCD. Bityo kuba abatangabuhamya bo ku ruhande rushinja n’urwo ku ruhande rushinjura babihurizaho kandi bakabisobanura mu buryo bwumvikana, rusanga ibikubiye mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bigaragaza ukuri ku byabaye. [246] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa mu gika cya 102, byumvikanisha ibintu bibiri Uwinkindi Jean yaburanye ahakana ku rwego rwa mbere: kuba nta nkambi y’abicanyi yari ku rusengero rwa ADEPR no kuba abiciwe kuri urwo rusengero barazize ibitero byaturutse ahandi atari afiteho ububasha. Rurasanga ariko ku birebana n’ikibazo cy’inkambi, Uwinkindi Jean yaragitanze nk’impamvu y’ubujurire yihariye, bityo hakaba hagomba kurebwa ikibazo cy’aho igitero cyaturutse, kuko Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko ubuhamya butasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere bugaragaza ko abari barahungiye ku rusengro bishwe n’igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi. [247] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya CCX, Uwinkindi Jean amushingiraho ashaka kugaragaza ko abantu biciwe ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi bishwe n’igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi, nyamara mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/03/2015, ntaho CCX yigeze avuga ko Abatutsi bose bari barahungiye kuri urwo rusengero bishwe n’igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi, ahubwo yasobanuye ko ku giti cye, yageze kuri ADEPR tariki ya 12, ko ku itariki ya 11 bahageze bari kumwe n’igitero cyari kiyobowe na Hakizimfura. Yasobanuye ko yaraye aho kuko yacumbagiraga, bukeye asaba Uwinkindi Jean ko yamujyana mu rusengero kureba niba hari bishywa be bahari, anasobanura ko uwo munsi yiciye abagore babiri aho ku rusengero naho uwa gatatu amwicira kwa Banguka. Ku birebana n’igitero cyo ku wa 11, CCX yabajijwe uko bajonjoraga abagombaga kwicwa, asubiza ko hari ibitero byagiye bihaza mbere byagiye byica abantu nk’uko byavuzwe mu ikusanyamakuru, ko icyo gitero cyari icya nyuma kuko Inkotanyi zahise zihagera, ko ahagera hari hasigaye Abatutsi babiri gusa.

46 Izina yahawe ni CDR.

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[248] Urukiko rurasanga rero, n’ubwo ubuhamya bwa CCX buza gusesengurwa n’Urukiko Rukuru, ntacyo bwari guhindura kubyo rwasobanuye mu gika cya 102, kuko mu buhamya CCX yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru, ntaho yigeze yemeza ko Abatutsi bose bari barahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi bishwe n’igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi, cyane cyane ko yavuze ko yahageze hasigaye Abatutsi babiri gusa. [249] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko uwo mutangabuhamya yabeshye ko yamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu rusengero, Urukiko rurasanga mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/03/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yasobanuye ko yasabye Uwinkindi Jean kwinjira mu rusengero gushakisha bishywa be, kuko ku muryango hari abantu batatumaga umuntu yinjira mu rusengero adafite uruhushya wa Pasiteri, kandi bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean wari mu Rukiko, atigeze agira icyo abaza uwo mutangabuhamya cyangwa ngo asabe ko abazwa ku byo avuga ko amubeshyera, akaba rero atabivugira mu bujurire kuko yivukije uburenganzira bwo kubikora nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa ku bibazo bindi byasuzumwe mbere. [250] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZI (wanashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru), Urukiko rurasanga mu buhamya yatangiye muri urwo Rukiko ku wa 04/03/2015, yavuze ko hari igitero cy’abavuye i Musenyi cyari gishorewe na Sentwari, yahuka mu bantu bari ku rusengero arabica; ko icyo gitero cyishe abagore benshi barimo umugore wa Kamanzi, Mukarwego, Daphrose, Mukawera, babasohoye mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean, bicirwa mu Kigarama hafi y’urusengero.Yanasobanuye ko hari n’abagore bishwe na Gasharankwanzi abavanye mu rusengero, ko ariko abo bantu bishe abo bagore batizanye, ko Uwinkindi ari we wabatabaje kuko ari we wayoboraga ku rusengero. Yongeye asobanura ko abaje mu gitero babwiye Abahutu bari aho ku rusengero ngo bamanike amarangamuntu yabo, ko atumvise Uwinkindi Jean avuga ngo bareke kumwicira abantu, ko Gatanazi yamutije imbaraga kugira ngo bice abantu, kandi ko Sentwari wari uyoboye icyo gitero yari asanzwe aza kwa Uwinkindi Jean, naho Gasharankwanzi akaba yarabaga kwa Uwinkindi. Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba hari icyo Uwinkindi Jean yari gukora ngo abo bantu baticwa, BZI yasubije ko n’ubwo yari muto kuri we, hari abamuhungiyeho yakijije, naho abahungiye kuri Uwinkindi bakaba barapfuye kandi yari umunyembaraga wayoboraga Paruwasi, ko yari afite imbaraga cyane. [251] Urukiko rurasanga rero, ibyavuzwe n’uwo mutangabuhamya bidashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko n’ubwo yavuze ko hari igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi cyishe abagore benshi bari ku rusengero, ntaho yigeze avuga ko abari barahungiye aho ku rusengero bose bishwe n’icyo gitero. Byongeye kandi, uwo mutangabuhamya yasobanuye ko abishe abagore bari aho ku rusengero batabajwe na Uwinkindi Jean, bivuze rero ko kuvuga gusa ko igitero cyaturutse i Musenyi, ntacyo bishinjuraho Uwinkindi Jean, cyane cyane ko ku birebana n’Abatutsi baguye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye mu gika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wari ufite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo ku buzima bw’abantu bari aho ku rusengero, yaba Abatutsi cyangwa Abahutu, n’ubwo gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica cyangwa gukiza, no kugena ukuntu n’ahantu abishwe bahambwa, rubishingiye ku buhamya bwa CDA, BZJ, CCX na Uwera Clarisse. [252] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya UCC, bigaragara ko ari umutangabuhamya watanzwe na Uwinkindi Jean, mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/03/2015 no ku wa 28/10/2015 akaba yarasobanuye ko mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994 atabaga i Kayenzi ahubwo yabaga i Nyagihunika, ku birometero birenga 10, ko ibyo avuga kuri Uwinkindi Jean ari amakuru yumvise mu ikusanyamakuru, bivuze rero ko n’ubwo imvugo ye iza gusuzumwa, itavuguruza imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, bari barahungiye ku rusengero n’abafatanyije mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 102 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa.

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[253] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, n’ubwo hari imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ntacyo isesengura ryazo ryari guhindura ku byemejwe mu gika cya 102 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. [254] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyasobanuye mu gika cya 102 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ataribyo byonyine bigaragaza uruhare rwa Uwinkindi Jean mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwanasobanuye ibirebana na komite y’umutekano yayoboraga, ko iyo komite yakoraga inama buri joro hagafatirwamo ibyemezo byo kwica Abatutsi haba ku rusengero no mu bitero byagabwe mu nkengero zarwo, nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 103. Urukiko rwanasobanuye kandi iby’ububasha bwa Uwinkindi Jean bwo gufata ibyemezo ku buzima bw’Abatutsi n’Abahutu bari aho ku rusengero, n’ubwo gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica cyangwa gukiza nk’uko biri mu gika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. Ku birebana n’ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [255] Uwinkindi n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibirebana n’ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite bivugwa cyane cyane mu gika cya 107 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ibintu bine: - Kuba kenshi mu ijoro, abasirikare, abajandarume n’abapolisi baritabiraga inama za komite y’umutekano zabaga ziyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean; - Kuba ari we wagenaga aho izi nzego z’umutekano zunganira mu bitero byagabwaga ku Batutsi mu nkengero z’urusengero; - Kuba yarategetse umupolisi witwa Ntambara kurasa mu nzu kugira ngo Umututsi Haguma wari wihishe mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean asohoke; - Kuba yarabujije umusirikare kuryoza CCX ubwicanyi yari amaze gukorera bamwe mu Batutsi bari mu rusengero, bikubahirizwa. [256] Bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko nta bimenyetso Uwinkindi jean yagaragaje bivuguruza ubuhamya bwashingiweho, nyamara rwirengagiza imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bari muri dosiye ntirwigera runazisesengura, aribo: - CCX: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku wa 14 no ku wa 19/04/2012, yabajijwe imbaraga Uwinkindi Jean yari afite zo kubuza umusirikare kugira icyo amutwara nyuma yuko yari amaze kwica abagore batatu, asubiza ko yabonaga Uwinkindi Jean avugisha uwo musirikare nk’umuntu basanganywe, bakibaza niba ibyo ubwabyo bigaragaza imbaraga yari afite. - BZJ: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku wa 03/03/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yabajijwe imbaraga yari afite, avuga ko muri rusange abaturage babonaga abapasitori nk’abayobozi, ko imbaraga yari afite zigaragazwa n’uko yabanje gushyikirana na Burugumesitiri Gatanazi akamwemerera abapolisi bo kumurinda baza no guhungabanya umutekano, kuba yaragiranye imishyikirano n’abo ba bajandarume kugeza aho abahaye amafaranga, nabo bakamwakira nk’umuyobozi. Uwinkindi Jean asobanura ko nta mbaraga zimuhesha abajandarume yari afite, ko ahubwo mu batangabuhamya banze ko ajya gushaka, harimo uwari ukuriye abajandarume, wari kubazwa niba hari abo yahawe akanabisinyira. - BZI: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku wa 04/03/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yabajijwe ikigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari umunyembaraga, avuga ko ari uko yari pasitori, bakaba bibaza niba ibyo bivuze ko yari afite imbaraga.

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- CDF: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku wa 04/03/2015, CDF yabajijwe niba nta wundi washoboraga gutanga amabwiriza ku nterahamwe zacumbikaga mu mazu yo ku rusengero, asubiza muri aya magambo: Uwinkindi ni we nyiri urugo, uwari kuhategeka wundi ni nde? nabwo bakibaza niba icyo gisubizo kigaragaza ko yari afite imbaraga. - CDH: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ku wa 05/03/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite imbaraga kubera ko yashoboraga kubicogoza, ko mu mwaka wa 1992 abana n’abagore bamuhungiyeho abahagararaho, abajijwe aho yakuraga ububasha bwo kuzana abajandarume, asubiza ko igihugu cyari cyabatanze nta muntu ubatabara, aha naho bakaba bibaza niba icyo gisubizo kigaragaza imbaraga za Uwinkindi Jean. - Uwinkindi n’umwunganira banenga kandi kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku mutangabuhamya witwa CDA kandi atarabayeho, kuko inyandikomvugo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu bika bya 87 na 89 ari iz’umutanabuhamya wahawe izina rya CDR, ko kandi n’ubwo byafatwa ko hashingiwe kuri CDR, nabwo Urukiko rwaba rwaranyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kuko atigeze aza mu Rukiko gushimangira ibyo yavuze mu ibazwa rye. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [257] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu irebana n’ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite nta shingiro ifite, kuko: - CCX: abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 19/04/2012, yasobanuye ko yasohoye abagore b’Abatutsikazi batatu arabarasa, aterana amagambo n’umusirikare wabazanye, Uwinkindi Jean ahita abwira uwo musirikare ngo amureke kuko ari we wamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu rusengero, anategeka interahamwe zari aho kujya guhamba abo bagore, bivuze ko kuba ari we wabujije uwo musirikare kwihorera, akanategeka interahamwe kujya guhamba abishwe, bigaragaza imbaraga zikomeye yari afite. - BZJ: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asanga ahubwo imvugo z’uwo mutangabuhamya zigaragaza imbaraga Uwinkindi Jean yari afite, kuko umupasitori ujya kwa Burugumesitiri akamuha abajandarume n’aba polisi, bigaragaza imbaraga yari afite, abo yahawe kandi bakaba batari abo kurinda impunzi nk’uko abivuga, ahubwo bifashishijwe mu kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku rusengero n’abari mu nkengero zaho; ko kuri c 306-307, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko atabonye Uwinkindi Jean yica umuntu, ariko ko ari we wayoboraga interahamwe, zikaba zaracaga iwe akaziha amabwiriza, ko rero nta kuntu Uwinkindi Jean yamutanga nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko nta mbaraga yari afite. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko ubwo yari mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze kuri komite y’umutekano yise iy’abicanyi yakoreraga kwa Uwinkindi Jean, anavuga abari bayigize barimo Banguka na Mukumira, kuba yarakoreraga iwe nabyo bikaba bigaragaza imbaraga yari afite; ko uwo mutangabuhamya kimwe n’abandi, yanavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yabategetse gutanga amafaranga y’agahimbazamusyi k’abajandarume n’aba polisi, kuko bari batangiye gutezuka, ibyo nabyo bikaba bigaragaza imbaraga yari afite. - BZI: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangabuhamya mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda ku wa 2/01/2012, yavuze ko yagiye mu gitero cyarimo abasirikare kiyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean, yongera avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yatanze itegeko ko abaturage batanga amafaranga y’inkunga yo guha abasirikare bari bacitse intege, uwo mutangabuhamya akaba yaranabisubiyemo mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze bikaba rero bigaragaza imbaraga Uwinkindi yari afite.

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- CDF: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bagaragaza ko ari byo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze, ubwabyo bigaragaza imbaraga yari afite, kuko ari we wategekaga aho interahamwe zari zicumbitse ku rusengero. - CDH: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko imvugo y’uwo mutangabuhamya nk’uko ivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean ubwayo igaragaza imbaraga yari afite, ndetse no kuba mu mwaka wa 1992 yarashoboye gukiza abantu, nabyo bigaragaza imbaraga ze, akaba kandi yarashoboraga no kubikora mu mwaka wa 1994 ariko yari yahinduye ibitekerezo, naho kuvuga ko igihugu cyari cyabatanze, uwo mutangabuhamya akaba yarashakaga kuvuga ko Uwinkindi Jean yavanaga ububasha kuri Leta yabateje abicanyi, kuko niba yarasabaga abajandarume n’abapolisi akabahabwa, bivuze ko Leta yamwemereraga kwica. - Ku bireba n’umutangabuhamya CDA washingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko bigaragara ko habayeho kwibeshya mu myandikire, Urukiko rwandika CDA mu mwanya wa CDR, ariko ko iryo kosa ntacyo rihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya, naho kuvuga ko ubwo buhamya butari gushingirwaho ngo kuko uwabutanze ataje mu Rukiko, asanga nta tegeko byishe, kuko harebwe ibivugwa mu gika cya gatatu cy’ingingo ya 8 uwajuriye ashingiraho, ubwo buhamya sibwo bwonyine bwashingiweho ahubwo bwahujwe n’ibyavuzwe n’abandi batangabuhamya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [258] Urukiko rurasanga ku mpamvu zimwe n’izasobanuwe ku bindi bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, Uwinkindi Jean atashingira ku buhamya CCX yatangiye mu nzego z’iperereza, bityo hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zavugiwe mu Rukiko, aribo BZJ, BZI, CDF na CDH. [259] Ku birebana n’ububasha bwa Uwinkindi Jean, we n’umwunganira bashingira impamvu y’ubujurire ku bivugwa mu gika cya 107 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko rusanga ku bijyanye n’ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ku nzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano (abasirikare, abajandarume n’abapolisi), abatangabuhamya BZI, BZJ, CDA, CCX na UCD bahamya ibi bikurikira: - Kuba kenshi mu ijoro, abasirikare, abajandarume n’abapolosi baritabiraga inama za komite y’umutekano zabaga ziyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean; - Kuba ariwe wagenaga aho izi nzego z’umutekano zunganira mu bitero byagabawaga ku Batutsi mu nkengero z’urusengero; - Kuba yarategetse umupolisi witwa Ntambara kurasa mu nzu kugira ngo umututsi Haguma wari wihishe mu nzu ya Uwinkindi Jean asohoke, bigakorwa; - Kuba yarabujije umusirikare kuryoza CCX ubwicanyi yari amaze gukorera bamwe mu Batutsi bari mu rusengero, bikubahirizwa. [260] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZJ, Urukiko rurasanga ari mu batangabuhamya bashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 107 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa cyibukijwe haruguru. Ku birebana n’imvugo yavugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 03/03/2015, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nta bubasha yari afite, inyandikomvugo y’iryo buranisha igaragaza ko ibyo BZJ yavuze, yasubizaga ikibazo yari abajijwe cyo kumenya aho Uwinkindi Jean yavanaga imbaraga nk’uko uwo mutangabuhamya yari yabivuze mbere. Ku rupapuro rwa munani (8) rw’iyo nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha, BZJ yavuze ku bubasha bwa Uwinkindi Jean, aho yasobanuye ko ububasha yari afite iyo abukoresha arengera abaturage nk’uko Burugumesitiri yamwunvaga n’inzego z’iperereza zikamwumva, nta muntu uba waraguye hariya, ko ahubwo ingufu yazikoresheje yicisha abantu bari bamutegerejeho umutekano no kurokoka.

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[261] Urukiko rurasanga rero amagambo BZJ yavugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 03/03/2015 arebewe hamwe aho kureba igice kimwe, agaragaza ahubwo ko yemeje ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite ububasha ariko abukoresha nabi, ari nayo mpamvu yashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru. [262] Ku birebana n’ibyo umutangabuhamya CDF yavugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 04/03/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urukiko rurasanga inyandikomvugo y’iryo buranisha igaragaza ko ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko Uwinkindi ari we nyiri urugo, ko nta wundi wari kuhategeka, yarabivuze asubiza ikibazo cyo kumenya niba nta wundi washoboraga gutanga amabwiriza ku nterahamwe zari zicumbikiwe ku rusengero, bityo ayo magambo ubwayo akaba agaragaza ahubwo ububasha yari afite bwo guha amabwiriza interahamwe muri kiriya gihe cya jenoside. [263] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhmya CDH, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo yavugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/03/2015 mu Rukiko Rukuru bitagaragaza ko yari afite imbaraga, Urukiko rurasanga inyandikomvugo y’iryo buranisha igaragaza ko nyuma yo gusobanura ko interahamwe zari zikambitse kwa Uwinkindi Jean, ko ari nawe wabashoreraga akababwira ngo bakore, yarabajijwe aho izo mbaraga yazikuraga, asubiza ko yari azifite kubera ko yashoboraga kubicogoza (kubiburizamo) nk’uko yabikoze mu mwaka wa 1992 ubwo abagore n’abana bari bamuhungiyeho akabahagararaho, bivuze rero ko n’ubwo hatarebwa ibyo uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ku birebana n’aho Uwinkindi Jean yavanaga imbaraga, kuba yarasobanuye ko yashoreraga interahamwe muri kiriya gihe cya jenoside akazibwira ibyo zikora, ubwabyo bigaragaza imbaraga zikomeye yari afite, bityo n’iyo Urukiko Rukuru rusesengura imvugo ye, ntacyo byari guhindura ku cyemezo rwafashe ku birebana n’ububasha Uwinkindi Jean yari afite. [264] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko CDH yabajijwe aho Uwinkindi Jean yakuraga ububasha bwo kuzana abajandarume, agasubiza ko igihugu cyari cyabatanze nta muntu ubatabara, Urukiko rurasanga ayo magambo atagaragara mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 05/03/2015 nk’uko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira babivuga. [265] Ku birebana n’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku mutangabuhamya CDA utarabayeho, kuko inyandikomvugo zivugwa mu bika bya 87 na 89 ari iza CDR, Urukiko rurasanga mu bika bya 87 na 89 by’urubanza rujuririrwa havugwa ubuhamya byatanzwe na CDA, Urukiko Rukuru rugaragaza ko ubwo buhamya buri kuri “cotes” 510-511 za dosiye ya TPIR, na 232a-247a za dosiye y’Ubushinjacyaha. Iyo harebwe izo “cotes”, zirimo ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya CDR (pseudonym) nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko iri muri dosiye iriho abatangabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha n’amazina bahawe (pseudonym). [266] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga, harabaye kwibeshya mu myandikire, aho kwandika CDR nk’uko ari ryo zina ryari ryahawe umutangabuhamya, handikwa CDA, ariko bikaba bitafatwa ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku mutangabuhamya utarabayeho, kuko inyandikomvugo z’uwo mutangabuhamya ziri muri dosiye kandi nizo zivugwa mu bika bya 87 na 89 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. [267] Ku birebana n’uko gushingira ku mutangabuhamya CDA ari ukunyuranya n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kuko atigeze aza mu Rukiko gushimangira ibyo yavuze mu ibazwa rye, Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo Urukiko rutagomba gushingira gusa ku buhamya bwanditse bwatanzwe mbere n’abatangabuhamya mu gihe batigeze batanga ubuhamya mu rukiko nk’uko biteganywa mu gika cya kabiri cy’ingingo imaze kuvugwa, ariko mu gika cya gatatu, iyo ngingo inateganya ko ubuhamya bwanditse bushobora guhabwa agaciro iyo bufite ubundi bubushyigikira, bityo kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarashingiye gusa ku buhamya bwa CDA ku birebana n’ububasha bwa Uwinkindi Jean ahubwo rukagaragaza ko uwo mutangabuhamya abihurizaho na BZI, BZJ, CCX na UCD bose baje mu Rukiko,

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nta kunyuranya n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, kwabayeho. Ku birebana n’inkambi Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [268] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gace ka mbere (1) n’aka gatatu (3) tw’igika cya 109 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko mu bikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare, harimo icy’uko hari inkambi yashinze ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, nyamara hari abatangabuhamya bemeje ko iyo nkambi itabayeho, abandi bakavuga ko yabayeho ariko ko ari abantu bahahuriye, aribo: - Mukumira Innocent: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangabuhamya ryo ku wa 18/04/2012, yemeje ko inkambi y’abicanyi yashyizweho n’umuyobozi wa Komini Kanzenze mu rwego rw’umutekano. - BZJ: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko abazwa ku wa 25/01/2012, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko nyuma y’urupfu rwa Paul Kamanzi, abantu bahise bakora inkambi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Kayenzi, bivuze ko ari ibintu byikoze. - BZI47: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga uwo mutangabuhamya yabajijwe ku wa 03/03/2015 akavuga ko hahungiye abantu benshi barimo Abahutu n’Abatutsi. - BZG (CDJ)48: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 31/01/2012, yavuze ko hanze y’urusengero rwa Kayenzi hari inkambi y’Abahutu benshi bari baravuye hirya no hino kugira ngo barindirwe umutekano. - CDR: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangabuhamya ryo ku wa 02/02/2012, yavuze ko inkambi yagiyeho kubera intambara, ko Bapfakurera na Mukumira batanze itegeko batuma abantu mu ngo z’Abahutu ngo bababwire bajye ku rusengero kugira ngo badahisha ibyitso, ko ari muri urwo rwego bagiye aho ku rusengero. - CDL: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 17/04/2012, uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean yemeye ko ku rusengero rwe haba inkambi y’abicanyi, ariko ntiyavuze ko ari we wayihashyize cyangwa ko ari we wahabazanye. - BZF: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 26/01/2012, yabajijwe niba hari interahamwe zabaga kwa Uwinkindi Jean, asubiza ko abana be nabo bari interahamwe ariko nta bandi bahabaga, bishatse kuvuga ko nta nkambi yari ihari. - CDH: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ku wa 02/02/2012, yavuze ko ku rusengero bahasanze utuzu twinshi interahamwe zabagamo zarahagize inkambi, bivuze ko ari interahamwe zahagize inkambi, atari Uwinkindi Jean wabategetse kuhaza. - CDG: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga mu nyandikomvugo ye yo ku wa 01/02/2012, yavuze ko indege ya Habyarimana yaraye ihanutse, interahamwe zahise zikambika ku rusengero rwa ADEPR. - Uwera Clarisse: Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 05/03/2015, yavuze ko abantu bose bahahungiye, Abahutu barubatse burende abandi bakajya mu rusengero kubera imvura nyinshi.

47 Bigaragara ko iyi mvugo atari iya BZI ahubwo ari iya BZJ kuko ari we wumviswe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 03/03/205. 48 Inyandiko yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru igaragaza ko umutangabuhamya uvugwa na Uwinkindi Jean yahawe izina rya CDJ, aho kuba BZG uvugwa mu mwanzuro.

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[269] Uwinkindi asobanura ko yakiriye impunzi kandi atavanguye, ko atabazwa ibyakozwe na Bapfakurera na Mukumira, ko rero nta nkambi yari ku rusengero ahubwo abantu bamwe babaga mu nzu iwe, abandi bajya mu rusengero imbere, kandi yabakurikiraniraga hafi kuko batashoboraga kujya gushaka amazi n’ibibatunga. Yemeza ko nta nkambi yari mu mbago z’urusengero rwa ADEPR, ko n’iby’utuzu twari inyuma y’imbago z’urusengero byabazwa abari abayobozi. [270] Uwinkindi n’umwunganira basanga ikibazo gihari ari ukumenya niba inkambi yarabayeho koko, kuko ubuhamya bwatanzwe buvuguruzanya, bakaba batumva aho Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye rwemeza ko iyo nkambi yabayeho mu gihe hari abatangabuhamya bemeza ko itabayeho; ko urusengero rwari ku butayu, nta ruzitiro, ahubwo hari imiyenzi itandukanya urusengero n’abaturage, ko kandi nta burende zari zihari, ahubwo urusengero rwari rukikijwe n’inzira nyinshi n’interahamwe zikahanyura; ko icyo bita inkambi twari utuzu twari inyuma y’imbago z’urusengero atazi uburyo twagiyeho, ko kandi abavuga ko hari amashuri babeshya kuko yubatswe yarahunze Imiburanire y’Ubushinjayaha [271] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira nta shingiro bifite kuko: - Mukumira Innocent abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 18/04/2012, yavuze ko hari inkambi y’Abahutu, ko hari n’Abatutsi ariko baza kwicwa, anavuga ko Uwinkindi Jean na konseye Kalinganire ari bo bagenaga uburyo amafaranga yatangwaga n’abaturage yo gutunga abapolisi n’abajandarume bacunganga inkambi, yakoreshwaga, anavuga ko abantu bari ahantu hatatu: mu nzu kwa Uwinkindi Jean, mu rusengero no mu kigo cy’idini rye, bivuze rero ko mu kigo Uwinkindi Jean yari ayoboye, hari inkambi y’interahamwe, asaba ko hazarebwa ubuhamya bwose bwa Mukumira aho kureba ijambo rimwe. - BZJ: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko imvugo ye nk’uko ivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira igaragaza neza ko inkambi yari ihari, akaba yaranavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we watanze uburenganzira bwo gushyiraho inkambi. - BZI: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asanga imvugo y’uwo mutangabuhamya idashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 03/03/2015, yasobanuye ko yari mu bantu bajyanye na Uwinkindi Jean kwa Burugumesitiri Gatanazi gushaka abajandarume bo kurinda abantu ku rusengero, ariko bahageze batangira kubica, anavuga uburyo Uwinkindi Jean yasohoye Abatutsi akabashyira mu kigarama cy’urusengero aho bicirwaga, ko ari nawe wasabye Abahutu bari aho gutanga amafaranga y’agahimbazamusyi kuba jandarume kuko bari batangiye gutezuka. - BZG: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko imvugo ye yo kuwa 31/02/2012 ubwayo idashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko yavuze ko inkambi yari ihari, naho abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 08/09/2010, avuga ko ku rusengero hari inkambi y’abicanyi yari iyobowe na Uwinkindi Jean. - CDR: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko imvugo ye nayo idashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko yasobanuye ko iyo abantu bazaga gutabara nk’uko babyitaga (bivuze interahamwe) babavangaga n’abo babaga basanze aho, Uwinkindi Jean akabashorera yabarenza imbago z’urusengero akagaruka mu kigo, bivuze rero ko aho ku rusengero hari inkambi y’interahamwe. - CDL: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nawe adashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko abazwa ku wa 17/04/2012 nawe yavuze ko ku rusengero hari inkambi y’abicanyi. - BZF: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko adashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko mu buhamya bwe bwo kuwa 16/10/2000, yavuze ko we n’umuryango we bahungiye ku rusengero rwa

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Uwinkindi Jean, basanga harahungiye Abahutu n’Abatutsi ariko ko ari we wategetse Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, bivuze ko aho hari inkambi y’interahamwe. - CDH: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko uwo mutangabuhamya nawe adashinjura Uwinkindi Jean, kuko yavuze ko abateraga baturukaba ku rusengero, bivuze ko hari inkambi y’abicanyi. - CDG: Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubuhamya bwe bugaragaza ahubwo ko ku rusengero hari inkambi y’interahamwe. - Uwera Clarisse: nawe ubuhamya bwe bugaragaza ko ku rusengero hari inkambi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [272] Nkubo byasobanuwe ku bindi bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, Urukiko rurasuzuma imvugo z’abatangabuhamya BZJ na Uwera Clarisse batangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru, kuko ku bandi batangabuhamya, Uwinkindi Jean ashingira ku mvugo bakoreye mu nzego z’iperereza, mu gihe atagaragaza ko bazemeje mu Rukiko kandi bari bahari, usibye Mukumira, cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko zishimangirwa n’iz’abaje mu Rukiko. [273] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa mu gace ka mbere k’igika cya 109, Uwinkindi Jean ashingiraho impamvu y’ubujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko mu bikorwa Uwinkindi Jean yagizemo uruhare mu buryo budashidikanywaho, harimo kuba mu gatsiko kahatiye abahutu guhungira ku rusengero yayoboraga mu rwego rwo kubabuza guha ubuhungiro Abatutsi no kuzabakoresha mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku rusengero no mu duce dutandukanye. Naho mu gace ka gatatu (3), Urukiko ruvuga ko ikindi gikorwa yagizemo uruhare ari ugukangurira abahutu ubwicanyi, kubashyigikira abagenera icumbi n’ibibatunga, kubashakira inkunga y’inzego za Leta zishinzwe umutekano zo kubafasha mu bwicanyi, no gutera akanyabugabo abajandarume bari bacitse intege mu kubashakira inkunga y’amafaranga mu baturage. [274] Ku birebana n’impamvu y’ubujurire irebana n’inkambi (y’abicanyi) yari ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, bigaragara ko mu gusobanura iyo mpamvu, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira batagaragaza neza niba ikibazo gihari ari uko inkambi itabayeho cyangwa niba yari ihari ariko itarashyizweho na Uwinkindi Jean, ariko harebwe ibisobanuro Uwinkindi Jean yatangiye mu iburanisha imbere y’uru Rukiko, bigaragaza ko icyo agamije ari ukugaragaza ko nta nkambi y’abicanyi yari mu mbago z’urusengero yayoboraga. [275] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya BZJ, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 03/03/2015, yavuze ko hari hahungiye abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi ndetse n’Abahutu benshi bari bahari. Urukiko rurasanga ayo magambo koko agaragara ku rupapuro rwa 6 ry’inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 03/03/2015, ariko ubwayo akaba atagaragaza ko nta nkambi y’abicanyi yari ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, kuko ku rupapuro rwa 10 ry’iyo nyandikomvugo, uwo mutangabuhamya yongeye asobanura ko ku rusengero hari abantu benshi cyane harimwo n’abicanyi, kubera ubwinshi bwabo bakigabanyamo ibice bamwe bakajya Cyugaro abandi bakajya Nyamatuntu, bivuze rero ko nawe yemeje ko ku rusengero hari abicanyi, ndetse no mu yandi magambo yagiye avuga muri iryo buranisha, ashimangira ko aho ku rusengero hari hakambitse abicanyi, kuko ku rupapuro rwa 7, yasobanuye ko mu bitero bindi byakurikiyeho ubundi yaherekezaga abasirikare n’abicanyi yabarenza mu mbago z’igipango cy’urusengero akagaruka agasubira ku rusengero tukajya mu bitero twavayo tugasanga ahagaze hafi y’intumbi z’inka n’inyama kandi zabaga ari inka z’abatutsi akavuga ngo umuntu utagiye mu bitero ntiyegere izi nyama ubwo hakarya abagiye mu bitero akabahemba inka z’Abatutsi abihagarikiye barangiza bakaruhuka bwacya bagasubira mu bitero.

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[276] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya Uwera Clarisse, inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/03/2015 ku rupapuro rwa 12, yabajijwe impamvu Abahutukazi bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, asubiza ko abantu bose bahahungiye, Abahutu barubatse burende abandi bakajya mu rusengero kubera imvura nyinshi, Urukiko rukaba rusanga iyo mvugo ubwayo igaragaza ko hari inkambi, kuko binashimangirwa n’uko uwo mutangabuhamya yakomeje asobanura ko nyuma y’uko Gasharankwanzi yishe abagore babiri b’Abatutsikazi abarashe, Uwinkindi Jean yavuze ko batakomeza kwicira abantu imbere y’urusengero, ko ahubwo babajyana mu kibuga ngo kandi ntibongere kubicisha imbunda kugira ngo batamara amasasu, ko hari n’umukecuru wasabye imbabazi Gasharankwanzi ariko bamwicisha ubuhiri, bamupakira ku ngorofani hamwe n’abagore babiri bari bamaze kuraswa. Uwo mutangabuhamya yakomeje asobanura ko hahise haza umuntu avuga ngo bajye guhiga inyenzi mu rufunzo, bahita bajya kwica, bagaruka baririmba ngo babatsembatsembye, ko ku munsi wa kane bamaze kwica mu rufunzo, inkotanyi zahise ziza bahita bahunga, iyi mvugo ikaba yumvikanisha neza ko ku rusengero habaga abicanyi, bivuze rero ko ubuhamya bwa Uwera Clarisse nabwo bushimangira ko ku rusengero rwa ADEPR hari inkambi y’abicanyi. Ku birebana no gutanga amabwiriza Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [277] Uwinkindi n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko Uwinkindi yatanze amabwiriza y’uburyo abajya mu bitero batekerwa, ndetse by’umwihariko bakabagirwa kandi bakarya bonyine inka babaga basahuye Abatutsi, nyamara rwirengagiza abatangabuhamya bemeza ko nta mabwiriza yatangaga, aribo: - BZH: abazwa ku wa 25/01/2012, yavuze ko atumvaga ibyo Uwinkindi yavugaga, ariko yabonaga azunguza amaboko nk’umuntu utanga amabwiriza. - Mukaruziga Clémentine: abazwa ku wa 20/04/2012, yavuze ko nta mabwiriza yigeze abona Uwinkindi atanga yo kwica; - CDH: mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 02/02/2012, yavuze ko yabonye Uwinkindi jean avuye mu modoka n’abandi abona batangiye kuvugana asa nk’ubaha amabwiriza. - CDI: abazwa ku wa 03/02/2012 yavuze ko yabonaga Uwinkindi Jean asa n’utanga amabwiriza ku nterahamwe (c 304), ubundi ngo mu gitero cya kabiri yahaye interahamwe amabwiriza aragenda (c305), ko yabonaga akoresha amaboko abandi ubona bose ari we bashagaye. Ku wa 17/05/2000, yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean n’agatsiko ke babagabyeho igitero ku wa 08/04/1994, asobanura ko yari kure adashobora kumva amategeko abaha ariko akabona akorana inama n’abagabye igitero abona abaha amabwiriza anaga amaboko, naho ku wa 10/03/2015, avuga ngo amagambo bavuganye sinayumvise ariko nabonaga asa n’ubagira inama y’ukuntu baturwanya. - CCZ: ku wa 04/03/2015 yabajijwe ku mabwiriza Uwinkindi yatangaga mu bitero, avuga ko atageraga ku rusengero kandi ari ho yayatangiraga, ar naho interahamwe zabaga. - UCD: mu buhamya bwo ku wa 11/03/2015, yavuze ko bishyiraga hamwe bagateka, bivuze rero ko atari Uwinkindi watangaga amabwiriza. - CDR: mu buhamya yatanze ku wa 02/02/202, yavuze ko Rusatsi ari we wari ushinzwe kubagisha inka no gutekeshereza ababaga bagiye mu bitero. - Mukumira Innocent: mu buhamya bwo ku wa 18/04/2012, yavuze ko abaturage bitoranyagamo abateka, ko RUSATSI ari we wari ukuriye abateka. - Rusatsi: mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 18/04/2012, yabajijwe uwabahaga amabwiriza yo guteka, asubiza ko yabitegetswe na Mukumira Innocent.

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[278] Uwinkindi n’umwunganira bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha nabwo budahakana ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya bagaragajwe, ahubwo bufata ibintu muri rusange, ubundi ntibutange ibimenyetso by’ibyo buvuga, nko kuba Uwinkindi Jean ari we wari ukuriye igikorwa cyo guteka, kuko niba Rusatsi avuga ko ibyo guteka yabitegetswe na Mukumira, nta mutangabuhamya wavuze ko ari Uwinkindi Jeanwatanze ayo mabwiriza. Basanga kandi n’ubwo ibyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga byaba ari byo, nta sesengura ry’ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, kuko ibimenyetso bivuguruzanya birengera uregwa. Naho ku birebana no kugaburira abapolisi, Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko yabasabye kugira ngo barinde umutekano w’impunzi, ko yasabye ko hatumizwa Ntambara wari gusobanura uburyo abo bapolisi bagaburirwaga, ntibyakorwa. [279] Bavuga kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean atari gutanga amabwiriza ku bantu adafiteho ubushobozi ahubwo bahabwaga amabwiriza n’abayobozi babo BZI na BZJ, we akaba atarigeze aba mu ishyaka iryo ariryo ryose kuko atari muri politiki, ko iyo usesenguye izo mvugo usanga abatangabuhamya bagenekereza, Urukiko rukaba rutari kubyirengagiza ngo rwemeze ko Uwinkindi Jean yatanze amabwiriza. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [280] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko harebwe ibikubiye mu gika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bashingiraho banenga impamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze, bigaragara ko abatangabuhamya banenga atari bo urwo Rukiko rwashingiyeho, mu gihe Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza rivuga ko uregwa ari we ufite inshingano yo kwiregura iyo hagaragajwe ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha. [281] Ku birebana n’abatangabuhamya bavugwa, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nubwo atari bo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, ariko niyo baza gushingirwaho, imvugo zabo ntizishinjura Uwinkindi Jean ku birebana n’amabwiriza yatangaga, kuko: - CCX: imvugo ye ntigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean atatanze amabwiriza, ko ahubwo urukiko rwazayisoma yose aho kureba igice cyayo. - BZH: Ubuhamya bwe burebana n’amabwiriza Uwinkindi yatangaga yo kujya mu bitero, bukaba rero budahuye n’ubujurire bwe kuko bushingiye ku bivugwa mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. - Mukaruziga Clémentine: ntaho ubuhamya bwe buhuriye n’amabwiriza avugwa mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. - CDH: nawe amabwiriza avuga ntaho ahuriye n’ayo mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105, kuko avuga amabwiriza yo kujya mu bitero. - CDI: nawe amabwiriza avuga ni ayo kujya mu bitero, adahuye n’avugwa mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105 yo gutekera interahamwe. - CCZ: mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, yabajijwe niba azi amabwiriza yatangaga mu bitero avuga ko we atabijyagamo, akaba rero adashinjura Uwinkindi jean ku birebana n’amabwiriza yo gutekera interahamwe avugwa mu gace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105. - UCD: abazwa mu Rukiko ku wa 11/03/2015, ntaho yavuze ku mabwiriza Uwinkindi yatangaga yo gutekera interahamwe. - CDR: inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 02/02/2012 ntigaragaza ko Rusatsi ari we watangaga amabwiriza, ahubwo igaragaza ko ari we wari ushinzwe iziko ariko amabwiriza yo guteka agatangwa na Uwinkindi jean (C337).

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- Mukumira Innocent: inyandikomvugo ye yo ku wa 18/04/2012 igaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we watangaga amabwiriza yo guteka. - Rusatsi: Uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Mukumira ari we wayoboraga Rusatsi ku ziko, ntibivanahao ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wari uyoboye igikorwa cyo guteka, akanategeka uburyo amafaranga ashakwa yo gutunga abapolisi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [282] Nkuko byagiye bisobanurwa ku bindi bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, Urukiko rurasanga mu batangabuhamya Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko imvugo zabo zitasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, abenshi ari abatangiye ubuhamya mu nzego z’iperereza gusa, mu gihe byasobanuwe ko harebwa ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Rukiko, bityo hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa ubuhamya bwa CDI, CCZ na UCD kuko ari bwo bwatangiwe mu rukiko. [283] Ku birebana n’agace ka nyuma k’igika cya 105 cy’urubannza rujuririrwa, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bashingiraho impamvu y’ubujurire, bigaragara ko karebana no kuba Uwinkindi Jean yaratanze amabwiriza y’uburyo abajyaga mu bitero batekerwa, by’umwihariko bakabagirwa kandi bakarya bonyine inka babaga hasahuye Abatutsi, Uwinkindi Jean akaba avuga ko hari abatangabuhamya birengagijwe kandi bemeza ko atatanze ayo mabwiriza. [284] Ku birebana na CDI, Urukiko rurasanga mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko ku wa 10/03/2015, ntaho yigeze avuga ko Uwinkindi Jean atatanze amabwiriza yo gutekera ababaga bagiye mu bitero, ahubwo yasobanuye amabwiriza yatangaga mu bitero, akaba rero atarebana n’ibivugwa mu gika cy’urubanza Uwinkindi Jean ashingiraho ubujurire bwe. [285] Ku byerekeye umutangabuhamya CCZ, Urukiko rurasanga mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, nawe ntaho yavuze ku mabwiriza Uwinkindi Jean yatangaga yo gutekera ababaga bagiye mu bitero, ahubwo nka CDI, yasobanuye amabwiriza yatangaga mu bitero. [286] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya UCD, Urukiko rurasanga mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/03/2015, ntaho yavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean atatanze amabwiriza yo gutekera ababaga bagiye mu bitero, ahubwo yasobanuye gusa uburyo impunzi muri rusange zatekaga. [287] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko nta bushobozi yari afite bwo gutanga amabwiriza ayo ariyo yose, kuko atigeze aba umutegetsi cyangwa ngo abe mu ishyaka iryo ariryo ryose, bitahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko uko ibintu byari bimeze mu gihe cya jenocide, bitasabaga kuba uri umutegetsi cyangwa warize amashuri kugira ngo uyobore abandi, usibye ko n’ubwo atari mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, Uwinkindi Jean ari we wayoboraga komite y’umutekano nk’uko byemejwe n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye barimo BZI, BZJ na CDA (103), banavuze ko iyo komite ari yo yafataga ibyemezo byo kwica Abatutsi, bityo harebwe ubwo bubasha yari afite, ntacyari gutuma adatanga amabwiriza ayo ariyo yose. II.3.8. Ibindi bibazo Uwinkindi Jean yifuje ko bisuzumwa II.3.8.1 Ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri TPIR Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [288] Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR, Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko uru Rukiko rutashingira ku buhamya bukubiye mu nyandikomvugo zakorewe muri TPIR kuko zifite inenge, bitewe n’uko atari ubw’abatangabuhamya bavugwa ko babutanze, ko ahubwo babuteguriwe barabusinya, ariko ko atazi ababubasinyishije. Atanga urugero bw’ubuhamya bwa CCX bwo ku wa 28/03/2000 (c 725), aho ku gace ka 10, havugwa ko indimi azi kwandika no gusoma ari

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ikinyarwanda n’igifaransa, nyamara icyemezo cy’umusemuzi (c 327) kigaragaza ko ururimi yumva ari ikinyarwanda gusa, ndetse ko ari nako bimeze ku bandi batangabuhamya bose, akaba yibaza umuntu wabubatangiye kuko babutanze mu Kinyarwanda, agasanga ahubwo barateguriwe ubwo buhamya bakabubasinyisha gusa. Avuga kandi ko handitswe ko ubuhamya bwa CDF bunsinye, nyamara atari byo, ko na CDH yavuze ko atazi gusoma no kwandika (c290) ariko handitse ko amaze gusoma inyandikomvugo ayishyizeho umukono (c 298). Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [289] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nenge ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri TPIR bufite, ko ahubwo harebwe urupapuro rwa mbere (c69), hari inyandikomvugo CCX yakoreshejwe ku wa 28/03/2000, bakavugamo indimi zakoreshejwe (ikinyarwanda, igifaransa n’icyongereza), kandi impamvu y’izo ndimi zose akaba ari uko Abagenzacyaha bo muri urwo Rukiko bari abanyamahanga, ikipe ikaba yabaga irimo uvuga igifaransa cyangwa icyongereza, akabaza mu rurimi yumva, noneho umusemuzi agashyira inyandikomvugo mu Kinyarwanda, uregwa akayemeza, ko n’ikibigaragaza ari uko hakoreshwaga “forme narrative”. [290] Byongeye kandi, TPIR yohereje dosiye yose mu Rwanda kandi Uwinkindi Jean yemeje ko ihura na dosiye y’umwimerere, ko nubwo bigaragara ko nta nyandiko isinye iriho, ariko indahiro y’ubajijwe ikaba iruta gusinya, kandi TPIR nta nyungu yari ifite yo guhimbira Uwinkindi Jean inyandikomvugo z’abamushinja, cyane cyane ko CCX yaje mu Rukiko Rukuru agasubiramo ibyo yavugiye muri TPIR. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [291] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri TPIR, bigaragara ko Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira babunenga mu buryo bwa rusange, batagaragaza igice cy’urubanza (cyangwa ibice by’urubanza) bwaba bwarashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, ngo bagaragaze ikosa ryaba ryarakozwe, niba rishingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, kugira ngo basabe Urukiko rwajuririwe ko rwarikosora. [292] Urukiko rurasanga kandi usibye ibimaze kuvugwa, Uwinkindi Jean atarigeze ageza ku Rukiko Rukuru, ari narwo rwumvise abatangabuhamya, ikibazo cy’ubuhamya avuga ko bwitiriwe ababutanze, bivuze rero ko nk’uko byasobanuwe ku bindi bibazo byasuzumwe mbere, atatangira icyo kibazo mu bujurire kuko bifatwa ko yivukije ubwo burenganzira, cyane cyane ko mu batangabuhamya atangaho ingero (CCX, CDF na CDH), baje mu Rukiko Rukuru, bakaba bari gusobanura iby’ubwo buhamya Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko bitiriwe. II.3.8.2. Ku byerekeye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [293] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gika cya 109 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko yitabiriye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, rubishingiye ku buhamya bwa BZI na BZJ, nyamara mu ibazwa rya BZI ku wa 16/10/2010, yavuze ko Burugumesitiri yakoresheje inama kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi kandi nyamara iyo nama itarabayeho, cyane cyane ko atanavuga itariki yaberereho. [294] Bavuga na none ko ubwo yari mu Rukiko ku wa 15/10/2015, uwo mutangabuhamya yivuguruje avuga ko inama yabereye kuri kariyeri, hatandukanye no kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi, kuko kuri kariyeri ari hakurya y’umuhanda (hari muri Serire Kayenzi yayoborwaga na Ezira Musaza) ari

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naho amashyaka yakoreraga, mu gihe urusengero ruri hakuno y’umuhanda (hari muri Serire Gatare yayoborwaga na BZI). [295] Bavuga kandi ko BZI yabeshye ubutabera, kuko mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 16/09/2010, yavuze ko Burugumesitiri yamwirukanye ku mwanya wa Responsable awuha Kalinganire Damascène, mu gihe ku wa 25/01/2012 yavuze ko Kalinganire Damascène wari Responsable wa Rwaza, yagizwe Konseye wa Segiteri Kayumba. [296] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubwo BZJ yabazwaga ku wa 15/09/2010, yavuze ko inama ya Gatanazi yabereye ku rusengero ku wa 07/04/1994 hagati ya saa saba na saa munani, itumijwe na Uwinkindi Jean abakuye kuri kariyeri, ariko abazwa ku wa 25/01/2012 avuga ko inama yabereye kuri kariyeri iminsi ibiri nyuma y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana, bivuze ko ari itariki ya 09/07/1994, naho ubwo yari mu Rukiko ku wa 03/03/2015, yavuze ko inama yabereye ku muhanda, bivuze ko yavuze ahantu hatatu hatandukanye iyo nama yabereyeho no ku matariki atandukanye. Na none kandi, kuba yaravuze ko inama bayitumiwemo na Uwinkindi Jean abakuye kuri Kariyeri, byumvikanisha ko Kariyeri atari ku rusengero, ko hagati ya Kariyeri n’urusengero harimo umuhanda. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [297] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira kuri BZI na BZJ nta shingiro bifite, kuko ikigomba kurebwa mu buhamya bwabo ari uko hari inama Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yakoresheje kandi babihurizaho. [298] Ku birebana na BZI, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asanga nta kwivugurza kuri mu mvugo ze, kuko abazwa muri TPIR, yavuze ko Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yaje gukoresha inama kuri Paruwasi ya Kayenzi kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean yari ahari, imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, avuga ko Gatanazi yaje ari kumwe n’umushoferi we haba inama kuri kariyeri, naho ku wa 15/10/2015 nabwo imbere y’urwo Rukiko, avuga ko yagiye mu nama yo kuri kariyeri, ko iyo kuri Komini atayigiyemo. Asanga rero nta kwivuguruza kwabayeho, kuko kuri kariyeri no ku rusengero atari ahantu habiri hatandukanye, kuko mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 04/03/2015, yavuze ku rusengero kuri kariyeri, bivuze ko urwo rusengero ruri kuri kariyeri. [299] Ku birebana na BZJ, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko abazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 15/09/2010, yavuze ko mu gihe cya saa saba na saa munani, Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yakoresheje inama ku rusengero rw’i Kayenzi kandi ko ari Uwinkindi Jean wayibatumiyemo abasanze kuri kariyeri, mu Bugenzacyaha bw’u Rwanda naho avuga ko yitabiriye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yabereye kuri centre ya kariyeri hafi y’urusengero rwa ADEPR. [300] Ubushinjacyaha busanga rero nta kwivugurua mu mvuzo z’abo batangabuhamya kuko bahuriza ku kuba Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yarakoresheje inama kuri ADEPR Kayenzi kandi bose bagahuriza kuba Uwinkindi jean yari ayirimo. Iyo nama kandi yanavuzweho n’umutangabuhamya CDR n’abandi, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko kuba abatangabuhamya bavuga ibintu bimwe ariko bagahinduranya amatariki, ntacyo bihindura ku ireme ry’ubuhamya, no mu buhamya bwa BZI na BZJ iryo reme rikaba ritarigeze rihinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [301] Urukiko rurasanga mu gika cya 109 Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bashingiraho ubujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwarasobanuye ko yitabiriye inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yahamagariraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi (...).

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[302] Ku birebana n’abatangabuhamya BZI na BZJ, ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean bugamije kugaragaza ko ubuhamywa bwabo butagombaga gushingirwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru, kubere ko bivuguruje ku birebana n’amatariki n’ahantu inama ya Burugumesitiri Gatanazi yabereyeho. [303] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, abo batangabuhamya baraje imbere y’urwo Rukiko na Uwinkindi Jean ahari, ariko ntiyagaragaza icyo kibazo cy’ivuguruzanya avuga ko kiri mu buhamya bwabo, nabo bagire icyo babisobanuraho, bityo hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe ku bindi bibazo nk’ibi byasuzumwe mbere, cyane cyane ibyasobanuwe mu gika cya 91 n’ibya 178-179 by’uru rubanza, atazana bwa mbere icyo kibazo mu bujurire kuko yivukije ubwo burenganzira. II.3.8.3. Ku bivugwa mu gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [304] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira, bavuga ko mu gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, havugwamo urupfu rw’abantu 130, ko UCF na CCX bavuze ko Uwinkindi Jean na BZJ babakuye kwa Banguka na Bikerimana muri Komini Kanzenze babajyana ku rusengero bagenda n’amaguru, aha Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwarashatse kugaragaza ko bakorewe iyicarubozo, kandi nyamara UCF na CCX baje mu Rukiko ariko ntibigeze bahamya ibyo bintu; ko ahubwo BZI mu ibazwa ryo ku wa 16/09/2010, avuga ko abantu yakuye kwa Bikerimana na Banguka ari abo mu muryango w’umugore we, ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rwari kubaza UCF, CCX na BZI kuri abo bantu 130 bivugwa ko biciwe ku mbuga y’urusengero bitegetswe na Uwinkindi Jean. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [305] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa mu gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ari imiburanire, bikaba bitaba inenge ku cyemezo cy’Urukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [306] Urukiko rurasanga, ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean abishingiye ku gika cya 71 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, bitaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko bigaragara ko ari imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha, mu gihe ikijuririrwa ari ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko byatumye rufata icyemezo kitashimishije umuburanyi, bityo ibyo avuga bikaba bitafatwa nk’impamvu y’ubujurire. II.3.8.4. Ku bivugwa mu gika cya 122 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Imiburanire ya Uwinkindi Jean [307] Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gace ka gatatu (3) k’igika cya 122 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yakiriye abagore n’abana b’Abatutsi, yangira abagabo kuhahungira kugira ngo nibaterwa batazabona uko batabarwa, nyamara nta mugabo wigeze ahungira ku rusengero ngo amwirukane, ko n’ubuhamya bwa CCW bwo ku wa 12/04/2000 aho yavuze ko yahungiye ku rusengero bakamwirukana, atari ukuri kuko atahageze, akaba ari nako yabivuze imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/03/2015, kuko yasobanuye ko atageze ku rusengero, ko ahubwo abahahungiye bakiriwe bose n’ubwo baje kwicwa, bivuze rero ko ibyo kuvangura abantu atari kubimenya kuko atahageze. Bavuga ko kandi uwo mutangabuhamya yanabeshye ko ku rusengero haguye abana be babiri, aba Prisca n’ab’umuvandimwe we, kandi nyamara abana be bose bariho kuko bose bafashe indangamuntu, kandi ko icyemeza abana umuntu yabyaye ari abamwanditseho mu irangamimerere; ko n’aba Prisca bariho usibye umwe wishwe n’indwara ndetse n’aba mukuru we bariho. Basanga ahubwo ibyo yavuze ari ibyo yumviye muri Gacaca kuko ari mu bamuciriye urubanza, akaba atagombye kuba umutangabuhamya muri uru rubanza.

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[308] Bavuga kandi ko ikindi kigaragaza ko uwo mutangabuhamya abeshya, ari uko mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/03/2015 no ku wa 22/10/2015, yavuze ko nta muntu warokokeye kuri ADEPR Kayenzi nyamara mu batangabuhamya hari abaharokokeye barimo CDI (umwana wa Bandora), umuryango wa BZF, Uwera Clarisse, Twahirwa Olive, Mukamusoni n’abandi. Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [309] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira nta shingiro bifite, kuko bashaka kugaragaza ko umutangabuhamya CCW yabaye ku rusengero kandi atari byo; ko mu ibazwa ry’uwo mutangahuhamya ryo ku wa 12/04/2000, yasobanuye uburyo we n’abandi bagerageje guhungira ku rusengero, ko impunzi zashakaga kujya ku rusengero zajonjorwaga, abagabo b’Abatutsi bagasubizwa inyuma kandi ko Uwinkindi Jean ari we wabaga ahagarikiye icyo gikorwa, ko nawe yagerageje kuhahungira bakamwirukana. [310] Avuga kandi ko mu buhamya bwa CCW bwo ku wa 31/02/2012, yasobanuye ko uburyo abantu bari barahungiye ku rusengero bishwemo atabumenya, kuko atari yarahahungiye, ibyo bikaba bihura n’ibyo yavuze ku wa 12/04/2000 ko yageze ku rusengero bakamwirukana. Akomeza avuga ko mu buhamya yatangiye mu Rukiko Rukuru, yavuze ko atari mu bahungiye ku rusengero kuko ubwo yari agiye kuhahungira bamubwiye ngo bagende n’inka zabo, ko rero ntaho imvugo z’uwo mutangabuhamya zivuguruza, kuko yagaragaje ko nta bagabo b’Abatutsi bemereraga guhungira ku rusengero. [311] Akomeza asobanura ko mu mabazwa ye, CCW yagiye avuga abantu bo mu muryango we biciwe ku rusengero, hakaba ntaho yavuze ko Mukansonera Jeanne yishwe. Na none kandi ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean ko uwo mutangabuhamya yabeshye ko abana be bishwe ngo kandi bahari, bitafatwaho ukuri kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira [312] Ku birebana n’ibyo Uwinkindi Jean avuga ko ubuhamya bwa CCW butashingirwaho kuko yabaye umucamanza muri Gacaca, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko bitabuza ko yari kumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya, kandi ko atavuze ibyo yumviye muri Gacaca ahubwo yavuze ibyamubayeho, hakaba nta n’itegeko rimubuza kuba yatanga ubuhamya ku byo yumvise nk’amakuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [313] Urukiko rurasanga mu gika cya 122 (agace ka 3) cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko mu bintu bigaragaza ko Uwinkindi Jean yari afite umugambi wo kwica nka kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside, hari ukuba yarakiraga abagore n’abana b’Abatutsi, abagabo ntibemererwa kuhahungira kugira ngo igihe bazaterwa batazabona uko batabarwa, Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira bakanenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyemeje rushingiye ku buhamya bwa CCW, mu gihe uwo mutangabuhamya yemeje ko atageze ku rusengero, akaba rero atari kumenya ibyo kuvangura abahahungiraga. [314] Urukiko rurasanga, Uwinkindi Jean yemera ko mu Bugenzacyaha bwa TPIR no mu Rukiko Rukuru, CCW yavuze ko atageze ku rusengero rwa ADEPR, akaba atarashoboraga kumenya iby’ijonjora ryahakorerwaga, nyamara hasesenguwe ubuhamya yatangiye mu Bushinjacyaha bwa TPIR ku wa 12/04/2000 no mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/03/2015 Uwinkindi Jean ashingiraho, bigaragara ko yageze ku rusengero rwa ADEPR ahashaka ubuhungiro ariko akirukanwa, bivuze ko ntacyari kubuza ko abona iby’ivangura ryahakorerwaga.

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[315] Ku bivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko CCW yabeshye ku birebana n’ubo mu muryango we biciwe ku rusengero, Urukiko rurasanga ntaho bihuriye n’ibivugwa mu gika cya 122 ashingiraho ubujurire bwe. [316] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, ibivugwa na Uwinkindi Jean n’umwunganira ko CCW ataba umutangabuhamya muri uru rubanza kuko yamuciriye urubanza muri Gacaca, nta shingiro bifite, kuko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 63 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko uwo ari we wese ashobora kumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya, ntacyari kubuza ko yumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya mu gihe ibyo yasobanuye bitarebana n’ibyo yumviye mu rubanza rwa Gacaca, ahubwo ari ibyamubayeho n’umuryango we muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, bikanagaragara ko yatangiye kumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya guhera mwaka wa 2000, mbere y’ishyirwaho ry’inkiko Gacaca mu mwaka wa 2001. [317] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro zifite, hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [318] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwinkindi Jean nta shingiro bufite. [319] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RP 0002/12/HCCI rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibe, idahindutse. [320] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.