UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIZEYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIZEYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00035/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIZEYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00035/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya igihano mu bujurire – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwizeyimana Aloys yakurikiranweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 3, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahinishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nubwo yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha, yiyemeje kucyemera akanacyicuza bigashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, hakashingirwa ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba yarishyikirije ubutabera. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere ihindutse ku byerekeye igihano Uwizeyimana yari yahawe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uwizeyimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahawe. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire Uwizeyimana atanga itahabwa agaciro kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, ko ahubwo hakwiye kugumaho igihano yahanishijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPA 0129/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uwizeyimana Aloys yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’imyaka itatu (03) wahawe izina rya U.C mu manza za mbere, ubwo ku wa 27/09/2020 nyina w’uwo mwana yamusangaga mu nzu Uwizeyimana Aloys yabagamo, arebye abona amasohoro amutemba ku matako, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bushingiye ku kuba yaracyemeye mu ibazwa rye, ku mvugo za nyina w’umwana no ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya, rumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Uwizeyimana Aloys yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko yakirezwe kubera amakimbirane yari afitanye na nyina w’umwana ashinjwa gusambanya ashingiye ku mafaranga yari amurimo. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 01006/2020/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 25/11/2020, rusanga hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Uwizeyimana Aloys yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho, birimo kuba yaracyemeye ubwo yabazwaga anasobanura uko yagikoze, hakaba imvugo za nyina w’umwana wavuze ko yasanze uwo mwana yambaye ubusa mu nzu Uwizeyimana yabagamo akabona amasohoro atemba ku matako agahita atabaza abantu, umutangabuhamya Nzitabakuze watabaye nawe akaba yaravuze ko yahageze akamubwira ko Uwizeyimana amusambanyirije umwana, nawe arebye ku gitsina cy’umwana abona amasohoro amutemba ku matako. Rwemeje rero ko Uwizeyimana Aloys ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Uwizeyimana Aloys yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nubwo yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha, yiyemeje kucyemera akanacyicuza bigashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, hakashingirwa ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba yarishyikirije ubutabera. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Uwizeyimana Aloys adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, akaba kandi yarakoze icyaha cy’indengakamere asambanya umwana w’imyaka itatu (3). [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00160/2021/HC/RWG ku wa 12/12/2023, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire1 uvuga ko kwemera icyaha mu

1 Harimo urubanza RPAA 00235/2021/CA RWACIWE KU WA 19/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HBIMANA Clement

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bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa, rwasanze kwemera icyaha Uwizeyimana Aloys yakoreye mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ariko hari izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza ko icyaha yakoze cyateye ingaruka zikomeye, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere ihindutse ku byerekeye igihano Uwizeyimana Aloys yari yahawe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [8] Uwizeyimana Aloys yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00035/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 09/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Uwizeyimana Aloys n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahawe. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire itahabwa agaciro kuko Uwizeyimana Aloys atagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, ko ahubwo hakwiye kugumaho igihano yahanishijwe. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Uwizeyimana Aloys yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Uwizeyimana Aloys yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Uwizeyimana Aloys n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahanishijwe kuko yemeye icyaha akanacyicuza kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, bagasaba ko iryo gabanya ryashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [13] Niyonizeye Aloys avuga kandi ko mu kugabanya igihano hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, uvuga ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa mu buremere bw’icyaha ko ahubwo harebwa no ku nyungu z’uregwa2, hakanashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA 00389/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2023 Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye na Ndayisenga Eliezer urukiko rukemeza ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano kabone n’iyo uwasambanyijwe atarageza ku myaka 14, no ku rubanza RPAA 00575/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/2/2023, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kabone n’iyo bwaba ari ubujurire bwa kabiri.

2 Umwunganira we avuga ko uwo murongo utagikurikizwa kukoItegeko wari ushingiyeho ryahinndutse

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[14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire itahabwa agaciro, kuko impamvu Uwizeyimana Aloys ashingiraho asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ari nazo yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru kandi urwo Rukiko rukaba rwarakigabanyije mu buryo bukwiye kandi bukurikije amategeko, naho umurongo wo mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS ukaba utagikurikizwa nyuma y’uko hagiyeho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2024 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, kuko riteganya mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 uburyo ibihano bigabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko rero Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Uwizeyimana Aloys cyakongera kugabanywa. [16] Ku byerekeye kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [17] Naho mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 Ubushinjacyaha bwaregagamo Mpitabakana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo, uyu murongo ukaba warakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe nyuma, nk’urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim. [18] Imikirize y’urubanza Uwizeyimana Aloys yajuririye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha yakoze cyateje, maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2024 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu kugabanya igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo yavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rutari rutegetswe kukigeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’uko Uwizeyimana Aloys n’umwunganira bashaka kubyumvikanisha, kuko atari byo iyo ngingo ivuga, ahubwo Urukiko rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye

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uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, bikagaragara kandi ko ku birebana na Uwizeyimana, hatarabayeho gukoresha nabi ubushishozi bwarwo harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, bugaragarira cyane cyane n’ikigero cy’imyaka yari afite (58) n’ikigero cy’imyaka umwana yasambanyije yari afite (03), bityo hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze, igihano yahawe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [20] Naho ku birebana n’imirongo Uwizeyimana Aloys asaba ko yakurikizwa, Urukiko rurasanga uwatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019 utakurikizwa kuko itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryahindutse3, n’izindi manza kandi zikaba nta gishya Uwizeyimana avuga ko zemeje, kuko kuba uregwa yaba yarasambanyije umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine cyangwa yarajuriye bwa kabiri, bitabuza ko agabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe Urukiko rusanze icyo yahawe kidahwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze nk’uko byumvikana mu manza zavuzwe mubika bya 16 na 17 by’uru rubanza, ariko nkuko byagaragajwe haruguru ku birebana na Uwizeyimana Aloys, uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bukaba butatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa. [21] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe, Urukiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Uwizeyimana Aloys yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwizeyimana Aloys nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00160/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 12/12/2023, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), idahindutse; [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Uwizeyimana Aloys afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

3 Ibi byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul