UBUSHINJACYAHA v UZABAKIRIHO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v UZABAKIRIHO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00271/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v UZABAKIRIHO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00271/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Uzabakiriho Santos n’umugore we Uwineza Farida mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese. Busobanura ko bafatiwe mu cyuho barimo kuzinga urumogi, bafatanwa udupfunyika 41 n’ urundi rwari rutarazingwa rwavamo 1kg, bakaba bari bamaze kugurishaho uwitwa Claude udupfunyika 100 ku mafaranga 10.000 Frw. Uzabakiriho Santos yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa agisabira n’imbabazi, asobanura ko yagikoze abitewe n’ubukene, naho umugore we Uwineza Farida akaba ataritabye Urukiko, ruburanisha urubanza adahari. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko bahamwa n’icyaha, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 23.500.000 Frw kuri buri wese. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Uzabakiriho Santos agabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 4.000.000 Frw. Yongeye kujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindwi n’igice n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubuto, kuba urumogi yafatanywe nta ngaruka rwateje kuko yari akiri iwe mu rugo ntawe araruha, no kuba yarakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubukene. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Umushingamategeko yaravuguruye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ayisimbuza ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, iyi ngingo ikaba iteganya ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Bityo, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Uzabakiriho Santos kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, nta kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00367/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/11/2019, ku bufatanye bwa polisi n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, Uzabakiriho Santos n’umugore we Uwineza Farida bafatiwe mu cyuho barimo kuzinga urumogi, bafatanwa udupfunyika mirongo ine na kamwe (41 boules ) n’ urundi rwari rutarazingwa rwavamo ikiro kimwe ( 1kg) , bafatwa bamaze kugurishaho uwitwa Claude udupfunyika ijana (100 boules ) ku mafaranga ibihumbi icumi (10.000frw) . [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kuri buri wese. Uzabakiriho Santos yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa agisabira n’imbabazi, asobanura ko yagikoze abitewe n’ubukene, naho umugore we Uwineza Farida akaba ataritabye Urukiko, ruburanisha urubanza adahari. [3] Mu rubanza nº RP 01160/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, rushingiye ku mvugo y’abaregwa imbere y’ubugenzacyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya babashinja, kuri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira bashyizeho umukono bemera ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwabo, rwemeje ko Uzabakiriho Santos na Uwineza Farida bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu (23.500.000frw) kuri buri wese. [4] Uzabakiriho Santos yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi kuva yafatwa kugera mu Rukiko yaremeye icyaha, kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yarakoze icyaha bitewe n’imibereho mibi y’ubuzima, asaba ko bifatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa. [5] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko, nubwo Uzabakiriho Santos yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko ryariho, nta cyabuza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [6] Mu Rubanza RPA 00581/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 15/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rumaze gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Uzabakiriho Santos, rwemeje ko agabanyirizwa ibihano , rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni enye (4.000.000frw) . [7] Uzabakiriho Santos yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri nº RPAA 00271/2024/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 16/1/2025, yunganiwe na Me RUGEYO Jean naho

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Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na HABINEZA Jean Damascène , Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Uzabakiriho Santos yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindwi n’igice n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000frw kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubuto, kuba urumogi yafatanywe nta ngaruka rwateje kuko yari akiri iwe mu rugo ntawe araruha, no kuba yarakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubukene. Me RUGEYO Jean umwunganira asaba ko yagabanyirizwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Uzabakiriho nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko impamvu ashingiraho asaba kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha, kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba yaragikoze akiri mu myaka y’ubusore arizo yaburanishije mu bujurire bwa mbere, zose zikaba zarasuzumwe kandi zihabwa ishingiro, agabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo buhagije. Busaba ko hahamishwaho urubanza yajuririye mu ngingo zarwo zose kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganywa n’amategeko. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Uzabakiriho Santos yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Uzabakiriho Santos yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko [11] Uzabakiriho Santos yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindwi n’igice n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000frw kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, kuba yarakoze icyaha akiri muto, kuba urumogi yafatanywe nta ngaruka rwateje kuko yari akiri iwe mu rugo ntawe araruha, no kuba yarakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubukene. Asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza rushingiye ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nkuko ryahinduwe kugez’ubu no ku zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ndetse n’Uru Rukiko zisa n’urwe. [12] Me RUGEYO Jean umwunganira asaba ko yagabanyirizwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 2 (a) y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ingingo iteganya ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko igabanyagihano Uzabakiriho Bosco asaba yamaze kurihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aricyo gito gishoboka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Asaba ko hahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye mu ngingo zarwo zose.

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[14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Uzabakiriho Santos ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko no kumenya ishingiro ryabyo. [15] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi Uzabakiriho Santos yahamijwe, giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko no 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iki cyaha kikaba gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [16] Uzabakiriho Santos, mu rubanza RPA 00581/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 15/03/2024, yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 kubera ko aricyo gihano gito, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, ibyo Urukiko rukaba rwarabishingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, icyifuzo cya Uzabakiriho Santos cyo kuba yahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko yahanishijwe, agishingira ku ngingo 49 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugez’ubu no ku zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw ‘Ikirenga1 ndetse n’Uru Rukiko zisa n’urwe, aho muri izo manza rwasobanuye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ruyihuje n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 n’iya 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, rukemeza ko nta cyabuza umucamanza ubwisanzure bwo kugena igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha. [18] Urukiko rurasanga, Umushingamategeko yaravuguruye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ayisimbuza ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, iyi ngingo ikaba iteganya ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [19] Mu gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka zazanywe n’Itegeko rivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, uru Rukiko rwaciye imanza zitandukanye, rwemeza ko imanza zaciwe mbere y’uko iri Tegeko risohoka, harimo n’urubanza Nº RS/Inconst/Spec 00003/2019/SC rwashingiweho ku manza nyinshi, zidashobora gushingirwaho, ko ahubwo hashingirwa ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, bityo abahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bituma bahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, bakaba bagenerwa igihano kitari munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 152. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire ya Uzabakiriho Santos yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro ifite kuko imanza ashingiraho zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano kuri ubu yavuyeho, bityo imihanire ye ikaba igomba gukurikiza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe.

1 Reba urubanza RS/Inconst/Spec 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/20019 haburana KABASINGA Florida na Leta y’uRwanda.

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[21] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Uzabakiriho Santos kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uzabakiriho Santos nta shingiro bufite. [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00581/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 15/03/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [24] Rwemeje ko Uzabakiriho Santos agumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni enye (4.000.000frw) ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [25] Rutegetse ko Uzabakiriho Santos asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.