WHITEFIELD INVESTMENT COMPANY LTD v. THOMAS AND PIRON GRAND LACS

# WHITEFIELD INVESTMENT COMPANY LTD v. THOMAS AND PIRON GRAND LACS

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-03-12 - Case/document no.: RCOM 00011/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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WHITEFIELD INVESTMENT COMPANY LTD v. THOMAS AND PIRON GRAND LACS [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOM 00011/2020/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J., Mukanyundo na Tugireyezu, J.) ku wa 12 Werurwe 2021] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Imanza zivuguruzanya – Habaho ivuguruzanya ry’imanza iyo ibyemezo by’inkiko byafashwe ku buryo budasubirwaho, bidashobora kubangikana. Kuba amategeko y’u Rwanda adasobanura imiterere y’imanza zivuguruzanya, cyokora abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko imanza zivuguruzanya ari imanza zitagishoboye kujuririrwa zabaye ndakuka, kandi ibyemezo byafashwe bikaba bidashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe hatabayeho kuvuguruzanya, izo manza zigomba kuba zaraciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko – Iyo habaye ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rero, havanwaho urubanza rwaciwe nyuma kuko ruba rwaraciwe hirengagijwe ko hari urundi rubanza rwaciwe mbere kandi rwabaye ndakuka kuri icyo kibazo – Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana, ingingo ya 3 niya 4. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sosiyete Whitefield Investment Company Ltd na Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs bagiranye amasezerano y’ubwubatsi bw’ububiko (warehouse), bumvikana ko ibibazo bizaturuka kuri ayo masezerano bizakemurwa binyuze mu nzira y’ubukemurampaka. Nyuma haje kuvuka ibibazo byerekeranye n’iy’ubahirizwa ry’ayo masezerano impande zombi zagiranye, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd itanga ikirego mu bukemurampaka. Mu gihe icyo kirego cyari kitarafatirwa umwanzuro, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, isaba ko umutungo ufite nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, uherereye i Nyarutarama, wa Thomas et and Piron Grand Lacs utahererekanywa n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese, mu gihe urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira. Urukiko rwaciwe urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Whitefield Investment Company Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs uri mu manza, uherereye i Nyarutarama utagomba guhererekanywa mu gihe cyose urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira. Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, maze urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, kuko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo by’agateganyo ku bibazo byashyikirijwe ubukemurampaka, ndetse ko umutungo uburanwa uherereye i Nyarutarama, ari uwa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs kuko extrait du registre de commerce ya Thomas et Piron itagaragaza ko uwo mutungo ari uwayo. Uwitwa SENGI Philip nawe yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arusaba kwemeza ko ikibanza kibaruye kuri nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 nº 9525 kimwandikwaho, uru rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko ubutaka bufite certificat d’enregistrement

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d’une propriété foncière no Vol RTXX/ Folio 169 nº 9525, bwanditse kuri Sosiyete Thomas & Piron, bwandikwa kuri SENGI Philip wabuhawe agahabwa icyangombwa cyabwo. Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, irusaba gukemura ikibazo cyo kuvuguruzanya kuri hagati y’imanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE, RCOMA 00072/2017/CHC/HCC n’urubanza RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE ivuga ko byatera ikibazo mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyo byemezo, ivuga ko imanza baregeye zihuje kamere kuko zose zigamije ihererekanya ry’ubutaka, Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi zikaba zaremeje ko uwo mutungo udahererekanywa naho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rukemeza ko uhererekanywa, ko gushyira mu bikorwa izo manza bigoye, ko kandi zose zabaye itegeko. Sengi Philip nawe avuga ko muri izo manza nta kuvuguruzanya kurimo, kubera ko ababuranyi atari bamwe, n'ikiburanwa ari umutungo w'undi muntu utarahamagajwe mu rubanza Whitefield Investment Company Ltd ivuga ko yatsinze, ko kugira ngo imanza zitwe ko zivuguruzanya zigomba kuba zarabaye itegeko hagati y’ababuranyi bamwe n’ikiburanwa kimwe, nyamara imanza zivugwa uwo ahagarariye akaba atarazibayemo umuburanyi. Sengi akomeza yiregura avuga ko Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs na Thomas et Piron SA ari sosiyete zitandukanye kuko imwe yanditse muri RDB indi ikaba ari iyo mu Bubiligi, ko Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs ari yo yaburanye na Whitefield Investement Company Ltd mu nkiko z’ubucuruzi naho Thomas et Piron SA ikaburana na SENGI Philip mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ko gusaba ko uwo mutungo usubira kuri Thomas et Piron SA ntacyo byamarira Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kuko Thomas et Piron SA itari mu manza zaciwe n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi zivugwa ko zivuguruzanya n’urwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, akaba asanga iki kirego kidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kubera ko inzira Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yakoresheje irega atari yo (action mal dirigée). Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Habaho ivuguruzanya ry’imanza iyo ibyemezo by’inkiko byafashwe ku buryo budasubirwaho, bidashobora kubangikana. 2. Kuba amategeko y’u Rwanda adasobanura imiterere y’imanza zivuguruzanya, cyokora abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko imanza zivuguruzanya ari imanza zitagishoboye kujuririrwa zabaye ndakuka, kandi ibyemezo byafashwe bikaba bidashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe hatabayeho kuvuguruzanya, izo manza zigomba kuba zaraciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko. 3. Iyo habaye ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rero, havanwaho urubanza rwaciwe nyuma kuko ruba rwaraciwe hirengagijwe ko hari urundi rubanza rwaciwe mbere kandi rwabaye ndakuka kuri icyo kibazo. 4. Urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/4/2019 akaba ari rwo rugomba kuvanwaho, kuko rwaciwe hirengagijwe ko hari izindi manza zaciwe mbere zabaye ndakuka kuri uwo mutungo kandi zabujije ihererekanya ryawo, ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere.

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Ikirego gifite ishingiro. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kubarezwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana, ingingo ya 3 niya 4. Imanza zashingiweho: urubanza RS/SPEC/0002/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/07/2017 hagati ya Murekatete Immaculée na Naho David n’abazungura ba Gasharazi Jennifer mu gika cya 22. Urubanza RC0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 24/7/2021 haburana Nyirabikari Xavérine na Semasaka Bonifce hakagobokeshwa Mukamugenzi Anne Marie, P.5 [16]. Abahanga Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland, Droit judiciaire privé, 5e éd., Litec,Paris, 2006, p.543. ( La contrariété de jugements peut etre invoquée lorsque deux décisions sont inconciliables sans qu’aucune d’elles ne soit susceptible d’un recours ordinaire qui permettrait de résoudre la contradiction ) Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8e éd., Dalloz, Paris, 2014, p.1661. (La contrariété de deux jugements, peut être invoquée lorsque deux décisions sont inconciliables entre elles, c’est –à-dire que l’exécution simultanée de ces deux décisions soit impossible et qu’aucune d’elles ne soit susceptible d’un recours ordinaire. Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 13/09/2013, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd na Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs bagiranye amasezerano y’ubwubatsi bw’ububiko (warehouse), bumvikana ko ibibazo bizaturuka kuri ayo masezerano bizakemurwa binyuze mu nzira y’ubukemurampaka. Nyuma haje kuvuka ibibazo byerekeranye n’iy’ubahirizwa ry’ayo masezerano impande zombi zagiranye, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd itanga ikirego mu bukemurampaka. [2] Mu gihe icyo kirego cyari kitarafatirwa umwanzuro, ku wa 20/12/2016, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, isaba ko umutungo ufite nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, uherereye i Nyarutarama, wa Thomas et and Piron Grand Lacs utahererekanywa n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese, mu gihe urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira, cyandikwa kuri RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE.

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[3] Urwo Rukikko rwaciwe urubanza Nº RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE ku wa 17/01/2017, rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Whitefield Investment Company Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs ufite nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, uherereye i Nyarutarama utagomba guhererekanywa mu gihe cyose urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira. Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, maze mu rubanza No RCOMA 00072/2017/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/3/2017, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, kuko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo by’agateganyo ku bibazo byashyikirijwe ubukemurampaka, ndetse ko umutungo no Vol. RTXXI Folio 169 nº 9525, uherereye i Nyarutarama, ari uwa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs kuko extrait du registre de commerce ya Thomas et Piron itagaragaza ko uwo mutungo ari uwayo. [4] Mu mwaka wa 2019, SENGI Philip yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arusaba kwemeza ko ikibanza kibaruye kuri nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 nº 9525 kimwandikwaho, ruca urubanza No RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE ku wa 18/04/2019, rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na SENGI Philip gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko ubutaka bufite certificat d’enregistrement d’une propriété foncière no Vol RTXX/ Folio 169 nº 9525, bwanditse kuri Sosiyete Thomas & Piron, bwandikwa kuri SENGI Philip wabuhawe agahabwa icyangombwa cyabwo. [5] Nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza ku wa 12/06/2020, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, irusaba gukemura ikibazo cyo kuvuguruzanya kuri hagati y’urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE, N°RCOMA 00072/2017/CHC/HCC n’urubanza RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/2/2021, Whitefield Investement Ltd ihagarariwe na Me MUNYANDAMUTSA Jean Pierre, Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs na COLARIE Piron bihagarariwe na Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle, NSENGI Philip ahagarariwe na Me NGILINSHUTI Jean Bosco. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1) Kumenya niba hari ukuvuguruzanya hagati y’imanza N° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC n’urubanza N° RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE n’ingaruka zabyo. [7] Me MUNYANDAMUTSA Jean Pierre avuga ko imanza zivuguruzanya mu gihe hafashwe ibyemezo bibiri bitandukanye ku kiburanwa kimwe, n’ikibazo cy’amategeko kimwe, bikaba byatera ikibazo mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyo byemezo; ko Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge isaba ko umutungo wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs Ltd wanditswe kuri no Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, wabaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/13/02/772, uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama, Umurenge wa Remera, utakorerwa ihererekanya, mu gihe urubanza ruri mu bakemurampaka rutaracibwa burundu,

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rufata icyemezo ku wa 17/01/2017, rutegeka ko uwo mutungo utimukanwa wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs utagomba guhererekanywa mu gihe cyose urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira [8] Akomeza avuga ko Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ruca urubanza No RCOMA 0072/2016/CHC/HCC ku wa 10/3/2017, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE, urwo rubanza rukaba rwaramaze kuba itegeko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 14 y’itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishrize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, ubucuruzi, umurimo ndetse n’iz’ubutegetsi. Ko SENGI Philip yaciye inyuma agatanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko umutungo nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, ubaruye kuri UPI 1/02/13/02/772 washyizweho itambama mu manza zavuzwe haruguru umwandikwaho, akabyemererwa mu rubanza No RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 18/04/2019; ko iyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ruza kumenya ayo makuru rutari gufata icyemezo kivuguruza icyari cyarafashwe n’Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi mu manza N° RCOM 01938/2016/TC na No RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC, ko ariyo mpamvu asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge cyakurwaho kuko kinyuranyije n’icyari cyafashwe n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi. [9] Ku bijyanye n’uko imanza avuga ko zivuguruzanya zigomba kuba zihuje kamere, zidashobora kuragizwa zitavuguruzanyije, Me MUNYANDAMUTSA Jean Pierre avuga ko imanza baregeye zihuje kamere kuko zose zigamije ihererekanya ry’ubutaka, Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi zikaba zaremeje ko uwo mutungo udahererekanywa naho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rukemeza ko uhererekanywa, ko gushyira mu bikorwa izo manza bigoye, ko kandi zose zabaye itegeko. Avuga kandi ko muri uru rubanza haburana Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs, COLARIE Piron na NSENGI Philip, kandi mu rubanza no RCOMA 00072/2016/HCC, igika cyarwo cya 18, hemejwe ko imitungo ya COLARIE Piron iguma muri Thomas et Piron nka sosiyete kandi uwo mutungo Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs iwufatanyije na Thomas et Piron SA iyoborwa na Piron Louis Marie, umugabo wa COLARIE Piron. [10] Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle, uhagarariye Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs na COLARIE Piron, avuga ko imanza N° RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE, N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC na n° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, nta kuvuguruzanya kurimo kubera ko ababuranyi atari bamwe, ibibazo byasuzumwe atari bimwe, n’ikiburanwa kikaba atari kimwe, ko ahubwo ari umutungo w'undi muntu utarahamagajwe mu rubanza (Thomas et Piron S.A). Avuga ko iyo Thomas et Piron aza kumenya urubanza yari kurutambamira kuko Me KAZUNGU Jean Bosco yabivuze mu Rukiko Rukuru rukamubwira ko nta nyungu afite. Asobanura ko mu rubanza rwageze mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi haburanaga Whitefield Investement Ltd na Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs, naho mu rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge haburanaga Thomas et Piron SA na NSENGI Philip, ko ibisabwa kugira ngo babe bavuga ko urubanza ruvuguruzanya n’urundi, nko kuba rwarabaye itegeko, bituzuye kuko mu gihe Whitefield Investement Ltd yari imaze kumenya imikire y’urubanza No RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge yashoboraga kurutambamira, kuba itarabikoze ikirego cyayo kikaba kidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko cyatanzwe nabi.

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[11] Me NGILINSHUTI Jean Bosco, uhagarariye SENGI Philip, avuga ko muri izo manza nta kuvuguruzanya kurimo, kubera ko ababuranyi atari bamwe, n'ikiburanwa ari umutungo w'undi muntu utarahamagajwe mu rubanza Whitefield Investment Company Ltd ivuga ko yatsinze, ko kugira ngo imanza zitwe ko zivuguruzanya zigomba kuba zarabaye itegeko hagati y’ababuranyi bamwe n’ikiburanwa kimwe, nyamara imanza zivugwa uwo ahagarariye akaba atarazibayemo umuburanyi. [12] Me NGILINSHUTI Jean Bosco akomeza avuga ko Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs na Thomas et Piron SA ari sosiyete zitandukanye kuko imwe yanditse muri RDB indi ikaba ari iyo mu Bubiligi, ko Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs ari yo yaburanye na Whitefield Investement Company Ltd mu nkiko z’ubucuruzi naho Thomas et Piron SA ikaburana na SENGI Philip mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ko gusaba ko uwo mutungo usubira kuri Thomas et Piron SA ntacyo byamarira Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kuko Thomas et Piron SA itari mu manza zaciwe n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi zivugwa ko zivuguruzanya n’urwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, akaba asanga iki kirego kidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kubera ko inzira Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yakoresheje irega atari yo (action mal dirigée). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana, naho ingingo ya 4 y’iryo tegeko igateganya ko Urukiko ruca urubanza rwaregewe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa. [14] Dosiye igaragagaza ko mu rubanza RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 17/01/2017, haburana Whitefield Investment Company Ltd na Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kigamije gusaba ko umutungo wa THOMAS and PIRON Grand Lacs utahererekanywa n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese mu gihe urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs ufite nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525, uherereye i Nyarutarama utagomba guhererekanywa mu gihe cyose urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira, maze ku bujurire bwatanzwe na Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rwemeza mu rubanza N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/3/2017, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza N° RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE rwajuririwe. [15] Dosiye igaragaza ko urubanza Nº RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 18/04/2019 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na NSENGI Philip (ntawe arega) kigamije gusaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ikibanza kibaruye kuri No Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 kimwandikwaho gifite ishingiro, kuko agaragaza inyandiko yo ku wa 28/1/2018 yahereweho ubutaka, certificat d’enregistrement d’une propriété fonciers ( Vol RTXXI Folio 169 N° 9525) n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 26/2/2019 yanditswe n’umubitsi

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w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka igaragaza ko bucyanditse kuri Sosiyete Thomas et Piron n’inyandiko yahereweho ikaba yarakorewe imbere ya noteri w’Umurenge wa Nyarugenge. [16] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko nyuma y’izo manza, Whitefield Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, isaba Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge gukuraho icyemezo cyafashwe n’umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka mu Mujyi wa Kigali, maze mu rubanza n° RAD 00165/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2019, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kitakiriwe kuko yagombaga kugitanga mu buryo busanzwe. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga mu nyandikomvugo yo kurangiza urubanza Nº RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE yo ku wa 10/6/2019, yemeje ko Thomas et Piron yanze gutanga icyangombwa cya certificat d’enregistrement d’une propriété Foncière (Vol RTXXI Folio 169 no 9525 ) agiha SENGI Philip. [18] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, amategeko y’u Rwanda ntasobanura imiterere y’imanza zivuguruzanya. Cyokora abahanga mu mategeko nka Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland, mu gitabo cyabo Droit judiciaire privé, bavuga ko imanza zivuguruzanya ari imanza zitagishoboye kujuririrwa1, ni ukuvuga gukoresha inzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe bitagishobotse2, kandi ibyemezo byafashwe bikaba bidashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe hatabayeho kuvuguruzanya (décisions inconciliables). Uko ni nako Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye, aho mu rubanza No RS/SPEC/0002/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/07/2017, rwasobanuye neza igihe havugwa ko habaye ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, rwemeza ko habaho ivuguruzanya ry’imanza iyo ibyemezo by’inkiko byafashwe ku buryo budasubirwaho, bidashobora kubangikana3. [19] Mu isesengura ryakozwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RCOM 00001/2016/CA rwaciwe ku wa 03/07/20204, rwasanze ku mpamvu ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru (kuba imanza bivugwa ko zivuguruzanya zigomba kuba zitagishoboye kujuririrwa mu nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe no kuba ibyemezo byazifashwemo bidashobora kurangizwa icya rimwe), hiyongeraho iya gatatu y’uko 11 Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland, Droit judiciaire privé, 5e éd., Litec,Paris, 2006, p.543. ( La contrariété de jugements peut etre invoquée lorsque deux décisions sont inconciliables sans qu’aucune d’elles ne soit susceptible d’un recours ordinaire qui permettrait de résoudre la contradiction ) 22 Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8e éd., Dalloz, Paris, 2014, p.1661. (La contrariété de deux jugements, peut être invoquée lorsque deux décisions sont inconciliables entre elles, c’est –à-dire que l’exécution simultanée de ces deux décisions soit impossible et qu’aucune d’elles ne soit susceptible d’un recours ordinaire. 33 Reba urubanza RS/SPEC/0002/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/07/2017 hagati ya MUREKATETE Immaculée na NAHO David n’abazungura ba GASHARAZI Jennifer mu gika cya 22.

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izo manza zigomba kuba zaraciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko (même question de fait ou de droit). [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro by’abahanga bihura n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga ikirego kigamije gukemura ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, kigomba kuba cyujuje ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi (conditions essentielles) bikurikira:

1. Kuba imanza bivugwa ko zivuguruzanya zarabaye ndakuka, kabone nubwo zaba zitaraciwe n’Urukiko rumwe cyangwa n’inkiko ziri ku rwego rumwe4;

2. Kuba bigaragarira buri wese ko umwanzuro wafashwe mu rubanza rumwe uhabanye n’uwafashwe mu rundi rubanza ku buryo izo manza zidashobora kurangizwa hatabayeho ivuguruzanya hagati yazo (décisions inconciliables)6; 3. Kuba izo manza zaraciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko (même question de fait ou de droit); [21] Ku byo abaregwa bavuga ko urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/04/2019 rwaregewe muri uru Rukiko rutaraba ndakuka ku buryo hari hakiri inzira yashoboraga gutuma ruvanwaho, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland babivuga, iby’uko imanza ziregerwa kuvuguruzanya zigomba kuba zarabaye ndakuka, ari kimwe mu bisabwa kugira ngo ikirego gisaba gukemura ukuvuguruzanya kw’imanza cyakirwe (condition de recevabilité). Nk’uko bigaragara, Whitefield Investement Company Ltd yatanze ikirego muri uru Rukiko ku wa 12/6/2020, urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rutagishoboye kujuririrwa kuko rwaciwe ku wa 18/04/2019, rukaba rwari rwarabaye ndakuka, bityo ibyo abaregwa bavuga bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kuba urubanza ari ntakuka bigomba kureberwa ko igihe rwaregewe nta rundi rwigeze ruruvanaho cyangwa se ko rugifite agaciro karwo. Iby’uko urubanza ruvuguruzanya n’urundi rwabaye ntakuka byanagarutsweho n’umuhanga mu mategeko Serge Guinchard mu gitabo cye Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, aho avuga ko urubanza ruba itegeko (ntakuka) igihe Urukiko ruba rwaburanishije ikirego rwashyikirijwe mu mizi kandi rukagifataho icyemezo ndakuka… urubanza ruba rugifite agaciro mu gihe nta kindi cyemezo kirukuraho binyuze mu nzira y’ubujurire7. 45 Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland, Idem. 7 Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8e éd., Dalloz, Paris, 2014, p.1209. (L’autorité de la chose jugée suppose que l’on soit en présence d’un jugement contentieux, et définitif … Le jugement bénéficie de cette autorité tant qu’il n’a pas été annulé par l’exercice d’une voie de recours).

## Page 9

[23] Urukiko rurasanga kuba urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE nta kindi cyemezo cyagaragajwe kiruvanaho, rugomba gufatwa ko ari ntakuka, ko rwabaye itegeko, ibyo abaregwa bavuga ko atari ntakuka bikaba badafite aho babishingira mu mategeko. [24] Ku byo abaregwa bavuga ko ikiburanwa atari kimwe, Urukiko rurasanga iyo usuzumye imiterere y’ibirego byatanzwe mu rubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE no mu manza N° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC, usanga kimwe kigamije gusaba ihererekanya ry’umutungo No vol. RTXXI Folio169 No 9525 ubaruye kuri UPI 1/02/13/02/772, uherereye Nyarutarama, naho ikindi kigamije kubuza icyawukorwaho ni ukuvuga kutawuhererekanya, ikigaragara akaba ari uko icyari kigamijwe ari uwo mutungo n’ahazaza hawo (destination), bityo nubwo ibirego bitandukanye mu mitangire yabyo, ikigaragara akaba ari uko byose byari bigendereye kugira igikorwa kuri uwo mutungo nk’uko aho ubaruye habigaragaza, bityo iby’uko ikiburanwa atari kimwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [25] Nanone kubyo bavuga ko kuba Whitefield Investement Company Ltd itaratambamiye imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku kirego SENGI Philip yari yatanze cyo kwemeza ko ikibanza kibaruye kuri No Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 kimwandikwaho, ari impamvu iyizitira kuba yatanga ikirego ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, Urukiko rurasanga abahanga mu mategeko bavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane Loic Cadiet na Emmanuel Jeuland, bavuga ko kuri bene ibi birego bisaba gukemura ukuvuguruzanya kw’imanza, ko kuba izo manza zigomba kuba zarabaye ntakuka, ni ukuvuga zitagishoboye kujurirwa mu nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe (les voies de recours ordinaires)., ibyo ubwabyo bihagije ngo Whitefield Investement Company Ltd ibe ifite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego ku manza zivuguruzanya mu gihe ibona biri mu nyungu zayo. Kuba urubanza rwarabaye itegeko bikaba bireberwa igihe ikirego gisaba gukemura ukuvuguruzanya kw’imanza cyatangiwe ugereranyije n’igihe imanza bivugwa ko zivuguruzanya zaciriwe. [26] Ku bijyanye n’uko haba hari ukuvuguruzanya hagati y’urubanza N° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE,

RCOMA

00072/2016/CHC/HCC

n’urubanza

RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, mu rubanza Nº RCOM 01938/2016/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 17/01/2017, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaremeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kigamije gusaba ko umutungo ufite nº Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 wa Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs utahererekanywa n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese mu gihe urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko uwo mutungo utagomba guhererekanywa n’uwo ari we wese. Ibyo byashimangiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC rwemeje ko ari nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe. Naho mu rubanza Nº RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/04/2019, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na NSENGI Philip (ntawe arega) kigamije gusaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ikibanza kibaruye kuri No Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 wabaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/13/02/772 cyandikwa kuri Bwana NSENGI Philip gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko icyo kibanza kimwandikwaho.

## Page 10

[27]

Urukiko rurasanga urubanza RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC n’urubanza N° RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE, zarabaye ndakuka kuko zitagishoboye kujuririrwa, kandi izo manza zivuguruzanya, kuko mu manza N° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC hemejwe ko umutungo No Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 wabaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/13/02/772 utagomba guhererekanywa igihe cyose urubanza ruri mu bukemurampaka rutararangira, hanyuma urubanza Nº RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rukemeza ko uwo mutungo uhererekanywa kuko wari usanzwe wanditse kuri Thomas et Piron, rugategeka ko wandikwa kuri NSENGI Philip, izo manza zombi zikaba zidashobora kurangizwa hatabayeho ivuguruzanya hagati yazo ( les deux décisions sont inconciliables). Kandi nk’uko umuhanga Serge Guinchar yabigarutseho8, ndetse na Loic Cadiet na Emmanuel Jeuland9iri hame ry’uko imanza zaciwe zidashobora kubangikana kuko zivuguruzanya, ni ryo ryangombwa mu gusuzuma ivuguruzanya ry’imanza. [28] Ku bijyanye n’uko bigenda cyangwa se igikorwa mu gihe bigaragaye ko imanza zivuguruzanya, uru Rukiko rurasanga ntacyo amategeko y’u Rwanda abivuga ho, akaba ari ngombwa na none kureba icyo abahanga mu mategeko babivugaho, ndetse n’uko izindi nkiko, cyane cyane Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, zabyitwayemo ku kibazo nk’iki. [29] Umuhanga mu mategeko Serge Guinchard wavuzwe haruguru, mu gitabo cye Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, avuga ko iyo hagaragaye ibyemezo bivuguruzanya, urukiko ruhitamo kuvanaho urubanza rumwe mu zivuguruzanya cyangwa kuzivanaho zombi. Mu gihe ruhisemo ubu buryo bwa kabiri, rwohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko rugasuzuma ikibazo bundi bushya5. Uyu muhanga ariko, ntacyo avuga ku cyo urukiko ruheraho ruhitamo urubanza ruvanwa mu gihe rwasanze hakwiriye kuvanwaho urubanza rumwe. Umuhanga Jacques BORE, mu gitabo cye La cassation en matière civile, avuga ko iyo habaye ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, havanwaho urubanza rwaciwe nyuma kuko ruba rwaraciwe hirengagijwe ko hari urundi rubanza rwaciwe mbere kandi rwabaye ndakuka kuri icyo kibazo11. Iki gitekerezo cya Jacques BORE, gihura n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga mu rubanza No RC0003/15/CS12, aho rwasanze urubanza No RC 0062/13/TB/Nyb ruvuguruzanya n’urubanza RC 0451/TGI/NYGE, rukemeza ko havanwaho urubanza RC 0062/13/TB/Nyb, ku mpamvu y’uko urubanza RC 0451/TGI/NYGE n’izirukomokaho zaciwe mu nkiko z’ubujurire ndetse zigasubirishwamo ingingo nshya izo manza zose zikemeza ko umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’ikibanza n’inzu irimo uherereye Rwarutabura-Akumunigo-Nyamirambo-Akarere ka Nyarugenge-Umujyi wa Kigali ari uwa SEMASAKA Boniface na NYIRABIKARI Xavérine kandi zikaba zarabaye ndakuka mbere y’uko urubanza N °RC 0062/13/TB/Nyb rwemeje ko iyo nzu ari iya MUKAMUGENZI Anne Marie rucibwa. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro by’abahanga no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza rwaciye, rurasanga urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa18/4/2019, 510 Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8e éd., Dalloz, Paris, 2014, p.1661. 12 Urubanza RC0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 24/7/2021 haburana NYIRABIKARI Xavérine na SEMASAKA Bonifce hakagobokeshwa MUKAMUGENZI Anne Marie, P.5 [16].

## Page 11

rwategetse ko umutungo No Vol RTXXI Folio 169 No 9525 ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/02/772 wandikwa kuri NSENGI Philip uvuye kuri Thomas et Piron, rwaraciwe nyuma y’imanza RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE na N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC zabujije ihererekanywa ry’uwo mutungo, izo manza zikaba zidashobora kubangikana narwo kuko zivuguruzanya, bityo urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/4/2019 akaba ari rwo rugomba kuvanwaho, kuko rwaciwe hirengagijwe ko hari izindi manza zaciwe mbere zabaye ndakuka kuri uwo mutungo kandi zabujije ihererekanya ryawo, ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere yuko uwo mutungo wandikwa kuri NSENGI Philip. 2) Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay‘igihembo cy’Avoka yagenwa muri uru rubanza [31] Me MUNYANDAMUTSA Jean Pierre uhagarariye Whitefield Investment Company Ltd, asaba Urukiko gutegeka abaregwa kuyisubiza 6.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 10.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kubera ko ubuyobozi bwayo bwatakaje byinshi muri izi manza, birimo ingendo, amahoteli ndetse n’umwanya, kuko bazaga kuburana baturutse muri KENYA. [32] Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle uhagarariye Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs na COLARIE Piron, avuga ko iki kirego gitanze nabi kubera ko atari ikirego cy’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, bityo ko indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza Whitefield Investment Company Ltd isaba itazihabwa. Ko ahubwo ari yo ikwiye kwishyura abo ahagarariye 5.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [33] Me NGILINSHUTI Jean Bosco uhagarariye SENGI Philip, asaba Urukiko gutegeka Whitefield Investment Company Ltd kwishyura SENGI Philip 5.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 2.000.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘’ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe’’. [35] Urukiko rurasanga Thomas and Piron Grands Lacs, COLARIE Piron na SENGI Philip batahabwa indishyi basaba kuko batsinzwe uru rubanza, bakaba ahubwo bagomba guha Whitefield Investment Company Ltd indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuko bigaragara ko hari amafaranga yatanze akurikirana uru rubanza harimo n’ayo yahaye Avoka wamuburaniye, bityo rukaba rumugeneye 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw

## Page 12

y'ikurikiranarubanza agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukikko kuko ayo yaka ari ikirenga kandi nta bimenyetso ayatangira. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Whitefield Investement Company Ltd kigamije gukemura impaka zishingiye ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza N° RCOM 1938/2016/TC/NYGE, N° RCOMA 00072/2016/CHC/HCC zaciwe n’Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi n’urubanza Nº RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/4/2019 gifite ishingiro; [37] Rutegetse ko urubanza RC 00393/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/4/2019 ruvanweho. [38] Rutegetse Thomas and Piron Grand Lacs, COLARIE Piron na NSENGI Philip gufatanya kwishyura Whitefield Investement Company Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [39] Rutegetse Thomas et Piron Grand Lacs, COLARIE Piron na NSENGI Philip gusubiza Whitefield Investement Company Ltd 50.000Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama iregera Urukiko.