ZIRAMUKWIYE v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’URWANDA

# ZIRAMUKWIYE v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’URWANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-01-10 - Case/document no.: RSOCAA 0013/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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ZIRAMUKWIYE v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’URWANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RSOCAA 0013/11/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Rugabirwa na Mukanyundo, J.) 10 Mutarama 2014] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano – Iyo umwe mubagiranye amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi ashatse guyasesha atanga integuza ariko iryo seswa iyo riturutse ku ikosa, rigomba gushingira ku mpamvu igaragara kandi nyuma y’uko umukozi ahawe umwanya wo kwisobanura ku byo aregwa – Umukoresha usheshe amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi, adashingiye ku mpamvu y’umvikana abitangira indishyi – Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo za 20 ,21,26. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ziramukwiye nyuma yukwiyambaza umugenzuzi w’umurimo ariko ntihabeho ubumvikane hagati na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, yayireze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asabako yamuha indishyi zidandukanye kubera ko yamwirukanye binyuranyize n’amategeko. Urwo rukiko rwemeje ko yirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ruyitegeka kumuha indishyi zitandukanye. Banki y’Abaturagi y’u Rwanda ikaba yavugaga ko yasheshe amasezerano yagiranye na we ayigihe kitazwi kubera ko yagize uburangare n’ubushobozi buke ku kazi. Banki y’Abaturage y’Urwanda yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze narwo rwemeza ko yirukanye mu buryo budakurikize amategeko. rutegeka ko yamuha indishyi zitandukanye. Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko ubujurire bukorewe ibanzirizasuzuma, umucamanza afata icyemezo ko bwatanzwe mu buryo butakurikize amategeko, ko n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa katageze kuri 20,000,000 Frw. Banki y’Abaturagi y’u Rwanda yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma gihindutse. Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yajuriye ivuga ko yakoze amakosa akomeye ayo gutanga inguzanyo akazihereza Mukarugero Odette na Nshuti Gautier kandi batafite ubushobozi byukwishura kuko iyo myenda yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’itazishyurwa, umukozi wari ushinzwe gutanga inguzanyo yasibaga kenshi ku kazi uko yishakiye ariko Ziramukwiye we nk’umuyobozi we ikosa yakoze ryo kutabimenyesha abamukuriye ku kazi kuira ngo bamufatire icyemezo kandi akaba yarahamagawe kugira ngo yisobanure kuri ayo makosa akaba yarabikoze ariko isanga ibisobanurobye nta shingiro bifite, Urukiko rwagenye amafaranga y’imperekeza rushingiye kw’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 16/19 ryo kuwa 17/06/2003 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi n’ay’imperekeza ku mukozi ugiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, kandi iryo Teka rya Minisitiri rinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko nº 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rishinga amategeko agenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga igihe amasezerano y’umurimo yaseswaga. Ziramukwiye yisobanuye avuga ko igihe yahagaMukarugero Odette na Nshunti Gautier inguzanyo amadosiye yabo yari yujuje ibyangobwa byose byasabwaga kugira ngo bazihabwe, ko yakorewe igenzura tari ku kazi kandi ko yasabwe kwisobanuraho ku makosa mu gihe gitarenze a masahha 24, ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ritanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo ahubwo ryaze kugena uburyo bwo kubara amafarangay’imperekeza. .

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Umukoresha usheshe amasezerano amasezerano y’umurimo adashingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana abitangira indishyi. Iteka rya Minisitiri no 16/19 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi kandi ayo mafaranga akaba adateganyijwe mu Itegeko nº 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda. Inkiko zikurikiza amateka cyangwa amabwiriza iyo atanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko. Ubujurire bwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; ubujurire bubwuririyeho nta shingiro bufite; Banki y’Abaturage igomba guha Ziramukwiye indishyi; Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku baburanyi bimbi. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Republika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 04/06/2003 nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 141. Itegeko N° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo za 20, 21, 26 n’iya 27. Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 16/19 ryo kuwa 27/06/2003 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi n’ay’imperekeza ku mukozi ugiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, ingingo ya 1. Nta manza zifashishijwe. URUBANZA I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 22/05/2003, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yagiranye na Ziramukwiye Schadrack amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi yo kuyikorera akazi k’Ubugenzuzi (Inspecteur), bigeze kuwa 04/02/2008, imugira Umuyobozi (Branch Manager) w’Ishami ryayo rya Kigombe guhera kuwa 01/03/2008. [2] Kuwa 02/02/2009, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yasheshe ayo masezerano ivuga ko Ziramukwiye Schadrack yagize uburangare n’ubushobozi buke ku kazi kubera ko raporo y’igenzura yo kuwa 10/11/2008 yagaragaje ko hari abo yahaye inguzanyo barimo Nshuti Gautier na Mukarugero Odette, nyamara batari bujuje ibyasabwaga kugira ngo bazihabwe, ko atacunze neza abakozi yayoboraga kuko hagati ye n’abo bakozi hajemo umwuka mubi wateje isura mbi Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, no kuba Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste wari ushinzwe inguzanyo yarasibaga ku kazi uko yishakiye ntabimenyeshe ubuyobozi bumukuriye kugira ngo bumufatire icyemezo. [3] Ziramukwiye yiyambaje umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ariko ntihabaho ubwumvikane hagati ye na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bituma ayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze,

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asaba ko yamuha indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 7.734.545 Frw zirimo izo kuba yaramwirukanye ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [4] Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yirukanye Ziramukwiye idashingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana, ruyitegeka kumuha 1.505.727 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yirukaniwe ubusa, 1.003.818 Frw y’imperekeza, 501.909 Frw y’urwunguko rw’umwaka wa 2008 na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 3.311.454 Frw. [5] Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeza ko yirukanye Ziramukwiye Schadrack mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ruyitegeka kumuha 1.505.727 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yirukaniwe ubusa, 1.003.817 Frw y’imperekeza na 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, yose hamwe akaba 2.809.545 Frw. [6] Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ubujurire bwayo bukorerwa ibanzirizasuzuma, umucamanza wabishinzwe afata icyemezo RSOC 0002/11/Pré- ex/CS kuwa 27/09/2010, yemeza ko ubujurire bwayo butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe mu buryo no mu nzira bidakurikije amategeko, no kuba agaciro k’ikiburanwa katageze kuri 20.000.000 Frw. [7] Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yajuririye icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwemeza kuwa 17/05/2013, ko ubujurire bwayo ku cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma cyavuzwe haruguru bwatanzwe mu buryo n’inzira bikurikije amategeko, ko kandi buri mu bubasha bwarwo, ko icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma cyajuririwe gihindutse. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi kuwa 03/12/2013, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me Alberto Basomingera na Me Mhayimana Isaïe, naho Ziramukwiye Schadrack yunganiwe na Me Bimenyimana Eric. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO: 1. Kumenya niba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yarirukanye Ziramukwiye ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [9] Ku byerekeye amakosa Ziramukwiye yaba yarakoze mu itangwa ry’inguzanyo, ababuranira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yirukanye Ziramukwiye Schadrack mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ruyitegeka kumuha 1.505.727 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yamwirukaniye ubusa, rwirengagiza ko yamwirukanye ishingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana kuko raporo y’igenzura yo kuwa 10/11/2008, igaragaza ko kuwa 11/08/2008, yagurije Mukarugero Odette 16.000.000 Frw yo kugura imodoka, nyamara nta masezerano y’agateganyo cyangwa ya burundu yakozwe, ko nta nyemezabuguzi y’uwagombaga kuyimugurisha iri muri dosiye kugira ngo hamenyekane niba koko yaragombaga kuyigura, ko nta nyandiko zari muri dosiye zishimangira ibyo yavugaga muri “compte d’exploitation“ ye by’uko azajya yinjiza 1.350.000 Frw ku kwezi, ko atigeze asura ingwate cyangwa ngo zisuzumwe n’abatekinisiye yayoboraga, kuko iyo azisura, atari gutanga inguzanyo kuko yari gusanga ingwate yatanze igizwe n’iyo modoka n’umutungo wimukanwa yavugaga ko ufite agaciro kangana na 2.500.000 Frw zitari zihagije kuko zagombaga kuba 120 % y’inguzanyo igomba gutangwa.

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[10] Bavuga kandi ko urwo Rukiko rwirengagije ko Ziramukwiye yakoze irindi kosa ryatumye imwirukana ku kazi, kuko raporo y’igenzura yavuzwe haruguru igaragaza ko kuwa 18/08/2008, yagurije Nshuti Gautier 15.000.000 Frw yo kubaka atabanje gusesengura neza dosiye ye y’inguzanyo, kuko uretse 48.825 Frw y’umushahara yahembwaga buri kwezi, nta zindi nyandiko ziri muri dosiye zishyigikira imvugo yavugaga y’uko azajya yinjiza buri kwezi 385.000 Frw na 250.000 Frw ayavanye muri “salon de coiffure“ n’utuzu dutatu yari yaratanzeho ingwate, ko kandi atasuye izo ngwate mbere y’uko amuha inguzanyo, ko iyo ajya kuzisura, ntaba yaramugurije ayo mafaranga kuko yari gusanga nta bushobozi afite bwo kuyishyura. [11] Basobanura ko amakosa Ziramukwiye yakoze mu itangwa ry’izo nguzanyo zombi yatumye Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihomba 10.473.935 Frw y’inguzanyo yahaye Nshuti Gautier hiyongereho 15.747.301 Frw y’inguzanyo yahaye Mukarugero Odette, kuko iyo myenda yombi yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’itazishyurwa (catégorie de dettes radiées) nk’uko n’amategeko ya Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu abiteganya, bituma Banki y’Abaturage iyisiba mu bitabo byayo by’ibaruramari. [12] Bavuga na none ko ibyo Ziramukwiye avuga by’uko atisobanuye ku makosa aregwa agaragarira muri raporo y’igenzura yavuzwe haruguru nta shingiro bifite, kuko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yamwandikiye ibaruwa yo kuwa 24/11/2008, imusaba kuyisobanuraho, arabikora, ariko isanga ibisobanuro bye nta shingiro bifite, ihitamo kumwirukana ku kazi. [13] Bongeraho ko kuba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yarakoranye na Nshuti Gautier andi masezerano mashya y’inguzanyo bitatewe n’uko yakomeje kuyishyura neza inguzanyo yari yarahawe na Ziramukwiye, ko ahubwo byatewe n’uko ayo yari yarakoranye na Ziramukwiye yari akoze nabi, no kuba yagize ubwoba bw’uko Banki izamurega mu nkiko kubera ko yabonaga atishyuye umwenda yahawe mbere. [14] Ku byerekeranye no gusiba ku kazi kwa Kanyeshyamba, ababuranira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije kandi ko yirukanye Ziramukwiye ku kazi ishingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana kuko Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste wari ushinzwe inguzanyo yasibaga kenshi ku kazi uko yishakiye, ariko ko Ziramukwiye nk’Umuyobozi we yakoze ikosa ryo kutabimenyesha abamukuriye ku kazi kugira ngo bamufatire icyemezo. [15] Basobanura ko raporo y’igenzura yo kuwa 10/11/2008, igaragaza ko mu kwezi kwa karindwi k’umwaka wa 2008, Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste yakoze iminsi 14, asiba iminsi 7 nta mpamvu, ko mu kwa munani k’uwo mwaka, yakoze iminsi 12 gusa, asiba indi 12 nta mpamvu, naho mu kwa cyenda kwawo, yakoze iminsi 9, asiba 14 nta mpamvu, bivuga ko yasibye 48.5 % by’iminsi ye y’akazi ku buryo byagahungabanyije kuko byatumye abari bashinzwe gusesengura amadosiye y’inguzanyo no kuzishyuza baboneyeho akanya ko gutambutsa amadosiye mabi y’inguzanyo kubera ko atari ahari. [16] Ku byerekeye itangwa ry’inguzanyo, uburanira Ziramukwiye Schadrack avuga ko nta makosa yakoze mu itangwa ry’inguzanyo kuko abagenzuzi b’imari bakoze ingenzura ryihuse, babuze ibimenyetso bishyigikira amakuru bari bumvise y’uko inguzanyo zahawe Mukarugero Odette na Nshuti Gautier zari ize na Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste, ko kandi igihe yahaga Mukarugero Odette na Nshuti Gautier inguzanyo, amadosiye yabo yari yujuje ibyangomba byose byasabwaga kugira ngo bazihabwe nk’uko byanemejwe n’impuguke Nsanzabandi

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Rushemeza Charles, Branch Risk Head, igihe Urukiko Rukuru rwakoraga iperereza ku cyicaro cyayo kiri i Musanze. [17] Asobanura ko kuba abagenzuzi b’imari bemera ko basanze muri dosiye y’inguzanyo ya Nshuti Gautier harimo icyemezo cy’umutungo cyitwa “attestation et gage de propriété“ y’inzu yatanzeho ingwate, bigaragara ko ingwate yatanze yari yujuje ibisabwa kubera ko iyo nzu ifite inyandiko z’ubutegetsi (documents administratifs) zatanzwe n’Inzego za Leta y’u Rwanda zirimo Akagari n’Umurenge wa Kinyinya iyo nzu ibarizwamo. [18] Akomeza asobanura ko dosiye y’inguzanyo ya Mukarugero Odette nayo yari yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kubera ko Noteri wa Leta atari kumusinyira amasezerano y’inguzanyo iyo atanga ingwate itari iye, ko ahubwo nawe yari yujuje ibisabwa nk’uko byemejwe na Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles. [19] Ziramukwiye Schadrack avuga ko yakorewe igenzura atari ku kazi kuko Umuyobozi we yahise amushyira ku ngufu mu kiruhuko cy’iminsi 10, ko igenzura ryarangiye, ntiyongera guhabwa umwanya w’ubuyobozi wari gutuma agera ahabikwa amadosiye y’inguzanyo kugira ngo bimufashe kwisobanura neza ku makosa aregwa akubiye muri raporo yavuzwe, ko ahubwo umuyobozi we yahise amuhamagara i Kigali, agezeyo, amusaba kwisobanura kuri ayo makosa mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 24, abikora uwo munsi atifashishije amadosiye y’abo yahaye inguzanyo kugira ngo atamwirukana ku kazi yitwaje ko yamusuzuguye. [20] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo ababuranira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda baburanisha by’uko inguzanyo yahaye Nshuti Gautier na Mukarugero Odette zayihombeje kuko zasibwe mu bitabo by’ibaruramari byayo nta shingiro bifite, kuko ziri muri za mudasobwa zayo, ko kandi abo bakiriya bakomeje kuyishyura neza kuko Nshuti Gautier atari kuyihombya ngo bongere bagirane andi masezeramo mashya y’inguzanyo, ko ahubwo bigaragara ko bakomeje gukorana neza, kuko iyo bitaba ibyo, Banki iba yarateje cyamunara imitungo yabo, cyane cyane ko ingwate batanze zari zihagije, urugero akaba ari uko Mukarugero Odette yagurijwe 15.000.000 Frw, atanga ingwate y’imodoka ifite agaciro kangana na 16.000.000 Frw hiyongereyeho 2.500.000 Frw y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ko rero izo ngwate ziruta kure 15.000.000 Frw yagurijwe. [21] Ku byerekeye gusiba ku kazi kwa Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste, avuga ko ibyo raporo y’igenzura yagaragaje ko yasibye kenshi ku kazi nta shingiro bifite kuko iminsi myinshi yabaga ari iy’ikiruhuko yemewe n’amategeko kubera ko habaga ari kuwa gatandatu cyangwa ku cyumweru, naho indi minsi, yabaga yamuhaye uruhushya rwo kujya gukorera muri Komisiyo y’Ubutaka y’Akarere ka Musanze kuko ari umwe mu bayigize. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 20 y’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga igihe amasezerano y’umurimo yaseswaga, ivuga ko “Amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu yumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka”. Ingingo ya 21 y’iryo Tegeko, ikavuga ko “Iyo iyirukanwa ry’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi riturutse ku ikosa, rigomba gushingira ku mpamvu igaragara kandi nyuma y’uko ahawe umwanya wo kwisobanura ku byo aregwa”.

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[23] Na none ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, ivuga ko “Iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ridashingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z’akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukaniwe ubusa ntizishobora kurenza umushahara we w’amezi atandatu (6) hongeweho indamunite n’ibindi umukozi yari afitiye uburenganzira buri kwezi”. [24] Ku byerekeye itangwa ry’inguzanyo, amategeko ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yo kuwa 12/12/2008 agenga imitangire y’inguzanyo, avuga ko umukozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi niwe ushinzwe gukurikirana umukiriya, ingwate n’inguzanyo bye, ko ushinzwe inguzanyo yiga dosiye yashyikirijwe n’ushinzwe ubucuruzi akanayitangaho igitekerezo cyanditse, ko Komite ishinzwe gutanga inguzanyo yo ku Rwego rw’Ishami (Branch), igizwe n’Umuyobozi w’iryo Shami, ushinzwe Risk, ushinzwe inguzanyo n’ushinzwe kuyishyuza, ko icyemezo cyo gutanga inguzanyo gifatwa mu gihe hari ubwiganze bwa 2/3 by’abayigize1. [25] Ku birebana n’inguzanyo zahawe Nshuti na Mukarugero, inyandiko – mvugo yo kuwa 25/05/2010 iri muri dosiye, igaragaza ko intumwa z’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, zakoze iperereza mu Ishami rya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ryo mu Karere ka Musanze, maze Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, wari Branch Risk Head, azisobanurira ko ikigaragara muri dosiye ya Nshuti Gautier ari uko yagurijwe 15.000.000 Frw yo kugura inzu, ko afite ubucuruzi bumwinjiriza 4.620.000 Frw ku mwaka, bivuga ko ku kwezi azajya yinjiza 385.000 Frw, ko raporo ya Kanyeshyamba ushinzwe inguzanyo ivuga ko ibintu byose byuzuye, ko nta kibazo ifite, kuko harimo icyemezo n’ingwate by’umutungo cyatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Kinyinya kuwa 25/09/2008. [26] Iyo inyandiko – mvugo igaragaza kandi ko Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, wari Branch Risk Head, yasobanuriye intumwa z’urwo Rukiko ko dosiye y’inguzanyo ya Mukarugero Odette igaragaza ko yasabye inguzanyo yo kugura imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso azakoresha mu bucuruzi bw’ibirayi, ko yanditse avuga ko afite umusaruro (revenu) ungana na 1.350.000 Frw buri kwezi, ko azajya yishyura 600.000 Frw buri kwezi, ko yatanze ingwate igizwe n’iyo modoka hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite agaciro kangana na 2.320.000 Frw, ko kandi raporo ya Kanyeshyamba, ushinzwe inguzanyo, ivuga ko afite umusaruro yagaragaje muri “compte d’exploitation familiale“ yahaye Banki. [27] Muri dosiye hari kandi amasezerano y’iguriza yo kuwa 31/07/2008, yabaye hagati ya Banki y’Abaturage ya Kigombe na Mukarugero Odette, avuga ayihaye ingwate igizwe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso RAB 056M Chassis FK 417 E 221183 6 D 160 AZF 3601, naho ingingo ya 13 y’ayo masezerano ikavuga ko nyirukurugizwa ahaye Banki uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate nta rubanza aramutse atubahirije ayo masezerano. [28] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste wari ushinzwe gutanga inguzanyo na Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles wari Branch Risk Head, bari bashinzwe imitangire y’inguzanyo bakaba bari no muri Komite yari ishinzwe gutanga inguzanyo mu Ishami rya Banki

1« L’agent commercial est en contact avec le client est également responsable pour obtenir et suivre la garantie, suivre le client et son crédit. L’agent de crédit étudie la proposition de l’agent commercial et en donne une recommandation écrite. Les membres du comité de crédit de la Branche est la Branch manager, le chargé des risques de la branche, le second agent de crédit et l’agent de recouvrement. Au niveau des Branches, les comités de crédit peuvent prendre décision d’octroi de crédit quand 2/3 des membres sont présents ».

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y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda rikorera i Musanze baragaragarije Urukiko Rukuru igihe cy’iperereza ko amadosiye y’inguzanyo ya Nshuti Gautier na Mukarugero Odette yari yujuje ibyangombwa byasabwaga kugira ngo bazihabwe, kandi raporo yakozwe na Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste igihe yasuraga ingwate n’igihe yasesenguraga ayo madosiye ikaba yaragaragaje ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kuzishyura, bigaragara ko ibyo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda iburanisha by’uko raporo y’ingenzura yo kuwa 10/11/2008 igaragaza ko Ziramukwiye Schadrack yakoze amakosa yo guha Nshuti Gautier na Mukarugero Odette batujuje ibisabwa nta shingiro bifite kuko iyo mvugo yavugurujwe n’abakozi bayo bari bashinzwe umunsi k’uwundi imitangire y’inguzanyo bahereye ku nyandiko ziri mu madosiye y’inguzanyo yabo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [29] Ku byerekeranye n’ibyo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda iburanisha by’uko inguzanyo zahawe Nshuti Gautier na Mukarugero Odette zayiteje igihombo, Urukiko rurasanga iyi mvugo nta shingiro ifite, kuko nta kimenyetso yatanze kigaragaza ko bayihombeje, kubera ko iyo bayihombya, iba yarateje cyamunara ingwate bayihaye, ko kandi itari kongera gusinyana na Nshuti Gautier andi masezerano y’inguzanyo. [30] Ku byerekeranye no gusiba ku kazi kwa Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo raporo y’igenzura yo kuwa 10/11/2008 ivuga by’uko yasibye iminsi 33 ihwanye na 48.5 % by’iminsi ye y’akazi mu gihe cy’amezi atatu yavuzwe haruguru nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko hari iminsi umunani (8) bivugwa ko yasibye akazi, nyamara yari iminsi y’ikiruhuko cyemewe n’amategeko kuko hari kuwa gatandatu no ku cyumweru, iyo minsi ikaba ari iyi ikurikira: 12/07/2008, 2/8/2008, 10/8/2008, 17/8/2008, 23/8/2008, 6/9/2008, 13/9/2008 no kuwa 20/9/2008. Urukiko rurasanga kandi iminsi 25 isigaye kuri 33, itaba impamvu yashingirwaho kugira ngo Ziramukwiye Schadrack yirukanwe ku kazi kuko nta kimenyetso Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yatanze kivuguruza imvugo ye y’uko nk’Umuyobozi wa Kanyeshyamba Jean Baptiste, yamuhaga uruhushya rwo kujya gukora indi mirimo muri Komisiyo y’Ubutaka y’Akarere ka Musanze kuko nta kimenyetso Banki yagaragaje cyerekana ko yagiyeyo igasanga atarayikoze. [31]

Hakurikijwe ibyo bisobanuro, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, Urukiko rurasanga Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yarasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo yagiranye na Ziramukwiye Schadrack mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kubera ko yamwirukanye ku kazi idashingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana, bityo akaba nta kosa urwo Rukiko rwakoze ubwo rwamugeneraga 1.505.727 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro z’uko yirukaniwe ubusa zihwanye n’imishahara ye y’amezi atatu hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru. 2. Kumenya niba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda igomba guha Ziramukwiye amafaranga y’imperekeza [32] Ababuranira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Ziramukwiye Schadrack 1.003.817 Frw y’imperekeza rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 16/19 ryo kuwa 17/06/2003 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi n’ay’imperekeza ku mukozi ugiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, rwirengagiza ko iryo Teka rya Minisitiri rinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko nº 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rishinga amategeko agenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga igihe amasezerano y’umurimo yaseswaga, kuko ryagennye amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi, nyamara adateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 27 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa kuko iyi ngingo iteganya amafaranga

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y’integuza y’iyirukanwa cyangwa y’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ku mukozi wakoze mu kigo mu gihe kingana n’umwaka byibura, ko rero iryo Teka rya Minisitiri ritagombaga gushingirwaho hakurikijwe ingingo ya 141 y’Itegeko Nshinga, ivuga ko amateka atagomba kuvuguruza amategeko. [33] Bavuga kandi ko mu rubanza RSOCAA 0004/09/CS, Bralirwa yaburanye na Mushirabwoba rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 26/03/2010, rwemeje ko ingingo ya mbere n’iya 4 z’Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru zinyuranyije n’Itegeko ry’umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko imperekeza zidateganyijwe muri iri Tegeko. [34] Uburanira Ziramukwiye Schadrack avuga ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru ritanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru kubera ko ryashyizweho hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 27 y’iri Tegeko, ko kandi ryaje kugena uburyo bwo kubara amafaranga y’imperekeza, cyane cyane ko mu ngingo ya 26 y’iryo Tegeko havugwamo “indamunite n’ibindi”, akaba yumva ibyo “bindi” ari imperekeza zashyizwe mu ngingo ya 27 y’iryo Tegeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Ku birebana n’imperekeza, ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko nº 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 ryashingaga amategeko agenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga igihe amasezerano y’umurimo yaseswaga, ivuga ko “Iyirukanwa cyangwa iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ku mukozi wakoze mu kigo mu gihe cy’akazi gakomeza kingana byibura n’umwaka, bimuhesha uburenganzira ku mafaranga y’integuza. Umukozi uretse akazi burundu kubera izabukuru ahabwa amafaranga y’imperekeza. Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano ze rigena igihe n’imitangire y’imperekeza”. [36] Ingingo ya mbere y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 16/19 ryo kuwa 27/06/2003 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi n’ay’imperekeza ku mukozi ugiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, ivuga ko ”umukozi wese ukoze byibura igihe kingana n’umwaka mu kigo, bimuhesha, iyo yirukanwe, uburenganzira ku mafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa cyangwa iseswa ry’amasezerano...”. Naho ingingo ya 4 y’iryo Teka igashyiraho uburyo amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi cyangwa ay’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo abarwa. [37] Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru ryateganyije amafaranga y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi cyangwa ay’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo, nyamara ayo mafaranga akaba adateganyijwe mu Itegeko nº 51/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo Urukiko rukaba rusanga rutashingira kuri iryo Teka rya Minisitiri mu gihe rinyuranyije n’iryo Tegeko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 141 y’Itegeko Nshinga, ivuga ko Inkiko zikurikiza amateka cyangwa amabwiriza iyo atanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko. [38] Urukiko rurasanga rero Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kugenera Ziramukwiye Schadrack 1.003.817 Frw y’imperekeza y’iyirukanwa ku kazi mu gihe zidafite aho zishingiye. [39] Ibyo bihuje kandi n’ibyemejwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zirimo urubanza RSOCAA 0004/09/CS, BRALIRWA yaburanye na Mushirabwoba rwaciwe kuwa

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26/03/2010, urubanza RSOCAA 0034/10/CS, Bizimungu Jean Bosco yaburanye na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, rwaciwe kuwa 16/03/2012, hamwe n’urubanza RADA 0026/11/CS, EWSA yaburanye na Muvunyi Faustin rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 11/09/2013. 3. Kumenya niba ababuranyi bahabwa amafaranga basaba [40] [40] Uburanira Ziramukwiye Schadrack avuga ko atanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yamuha 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka wamwunganiye muri uru Rukiko. [41] Uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ziramukwiye bwuririye ku bundi nta shingiro bufite kubera ko ikirego yayireze kidafite ishingiro, ko ahubwo agomba kuyiha 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yo kuri uru rwego. [42] Urukiko rurasanga Ziramukwiye Schadrack na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda batahabwa amafaranga basaba amaze kuvugwa haruguru kuko buri wese afite ibyo yatsindiwe muri uru rubanza. [43] Urukiko rurasanga rero igiteranyo cy’amafaranga Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda igomba guha Ziramukwiye Schadrack ari 1.505.727 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yamwirukaniye ubusa + 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, yose hamwe akaba 1.805. 727 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [44] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [45] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ziramukwiye Schadrack bubwuririyeho nta shingiro bufite; [46] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA 0023/09/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, kuwa 19/07/2010, ihindutse kuri bimwe; [47] Rutegetse Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda guha Ziramukwiye Schadrack 1.805. 727 Frw; [48]

Rutegetse Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda na Ziramukwiye Schadrack gufatanya gutanga amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 37.400 Frw, buri wese agatanga kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cyayo, ni ukuvuga 18.700 Frw, batayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta.