Broodryk v Mocke; In re: Mocke v Broodryk (203/2015) [2017] ZAFSHC 121 (12 June 2017)
- Citation
- [2017] ZAFSHC 121
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Van Zyl R
- Case number
- 203/2015
More details
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Van Zyl R
- Case number
- 203/2015
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The court found that, although the applicant's founding affidavit created the impression that he was solely liable to Standard Bank and a party to the litigation, his explanations in reply clarified that he was a surety and directly involved in the dispute, which was reasonable given the farming partnership with his son. The court accepted that the applicant's time was consumed by urgent farming activities and litigation pressures, and that the delay of six court days was adequately explained. The respondent's opposition was justified due to the initial lack of detail, but the applicant ultimately made out a case for condonation. On the merits, the court found that the proposed appeal had reasonable prospects of success and that leave to appeal should be granted to the full bench. Costs of the condonation application were awarded against the applicant, while costs of the leave to appeal application were made costs in the appeal.
Court disposition
Condonation for late filing of the application for leave to appeal is granted. Leave to appeal to the full bench is granted.
Orders
- The applicant's application for condonation for the late filing of the application for leave to appeal is granted.
- The applicant is ordered to pay the costs of the condonation application, including the costs of opposition.
- Leave is granted to the applicant to appeal to the full bench of this Division against the whole of the judgment and order dated 3 June 2016.
- Costs of the application for leave to appeal are costs in the appeal.
02
Material facts
Parties
Machiel Andries Broodryk
Applicant Counsel: Adv. SwanepoelJaco Pelser Mocke
Respondent Counsel: Adv. E.G. LubbeAmounts and remedies
- Amount Payable Under Settlement Agreement: ZAR 54,000
- Alleged Standard Bank Debt: ZAR 39,000,000
03
Procedural history
Posture
Leave to Appeal / Application for Condonation and Leave to Appeal Following Main Judgment
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the applicant provided a reasonable explanation for the late filing of the application for leave to appeal.
- 02
Whether the applicant's appeal has reasonable prospects of success.
- 03
Whether the respondent's opposition to the condonation application was justified.
- 04
What costs order should be made in respect of the condonation and leave to appeal applications.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The applicant argued that the delay in filing the application for leave to appeal was due to being embroiled in a major dispute with Standard Bank regarding a substantial debt, which required urgent attention and resulted in significant time constraints, compounded by a severe drought and the demands of harvesting. He contended that he was directly involved in the litigation as a surety and that these circumstances reasonably prevented timely filing. On the merits, the applicant submitted that the main judgment erred in not finding that the implements should have been returned in substantially the same condition and that there was a substantive dispute of fact warranting oral evidence or dismissal of the respondent's application.
- Respondent
- The respondent, represented by Adv. Lubbe, argued that the applicant failed to provide a reasonable explanation for the delay, highlighting inconsistencies and contradictions in the applicant's affidavits regarding his involvement in the Standard Bank litigation and the reasons for the delay. The respondent maintained that the applicant's explanations were only clarified in reply and were inconsistent with the founding affidavit. The respondent further argued that the application for condonation should not be treated as a mere formality and that the applicant had not demonstrated reasonable prospects of success on appeal.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
High School Ermelo and Another v Head of the Department Mpumalanga Department of Education and Others [2007] ZAGPHC 165; [2008] 1 All SA 139 (T)
An application for condonation requires a reasonable explanation for the delay and reasonable prospects of success on appeal.
- 02
Section 17(1)(a) of the Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013
Leave to appeal may only be granted if the court is of the opinion that the appeal has reasonable prospects of success.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The court found that, although the applicant's founding affidavit created the impression that he was solely liable to Standard Bank and a party to the litigation, his explanations in reply clarified that he was a surety and directly involved in the dispute, which was reasonable given the farming partnership with his son. The court accepted that the applicant's time was consumed by urgent farming activities and litigation pressures, and that the delay of six court days was adequately explained. The respondent's opposition was justified due to the initial lack of detail, but the applicant ultimately made out a case for condonation. On the merits, the court found that the proposed appeal had reasonable prospects of success and that leave to appeal should be granted to the full bench. Costs of the condonation application were awarded against the applicant, while costs of the leave to appeal application were made costs in the appeal.
Obiter and limits
- The court noted that applications for condonation should not be treated as mere formalities and must be properly motivated.
- The respondent's opposition to the condonation application was reasonable and justified under the circumstances.
Court disposition
Condonation for late filing of the application for leave to appeal is granted. Leave to appeal to the full bench is granted.
- The applicant's application for condonation for the late filing of the application for leave to appeal is granted.
- The applicant is ordered to pay the costs of the condonation application, including the costs of opposition.
- Leave is granted to the applicant to appeal to the full bench of this Division against the whole of the judgment and order dated 3 June 2016.
- Costs of the application for leave to appeal are costs in the appeal.
Source and reliance status
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
Judgment
IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA
VRYSTAATSE AFDELING, BLOEMFONTEIN
Aansoeknommer: 203/2015
In die aansoek tussen:
MACHIEL
ANDRIES BROODRYK Applikant
en
JACO
PELSER MOCKE Respondent
In re:
JACO
PELSER MOCKE Applikant
MACHIEL
ANDRIES BROODRYK Respondent
CORAM: VAN ZYL, R
GELEWER OP: 12 JUNIE 2017
[1] Hierdie is ‘n aansoek om verlof om te appelleer deur applikant teen die uitspraak en volgende bevel deur my in die hoofaansoek
verleen waarin applikant die respondent was en wat deur respondent (applikant in die hoofaansoek) opponeer word:
"1. In die hoofaansoek en met verwysing na die skikkingsooreenkoms gesluit tussen die partye op 10 Julie 2014, die volgende:
1.1 Applikant word gelas om voor of op 30 Junie 2016, die implemente vermeld in klousule 3 van die skikkingsooreenkoms aan respondent te fewer en respondent word gelas om dit aldus in ontvangs te neem.
1.2 Respondent word gelas om ooreenkomstig klousule 1 van die skikkingsooreenkoms op datum van ontvangs van bogemelde implemente, die bedrag van R 54 000.00 in kontant sonder enige aftrekkings aan applikant te betaal.
1.3 Respondent word gelas om aan die bepalings van klousule 2 van die skikkingsooreenkoms te voldoen voor of op 30 Junie 2016.
2. Respondent word gelas om die koste van die hoofaansoek te betaal.
3. Die teenaansoek word van die hand gewys, met koste."
[2] Ooreenkomstig die kennisgewing van aansoek om verlof tot appél is die gronde van die aansoek die volgende, met verwysing na die partye soos in die huidige aansoek:
“1. The Honourable Court erred:
1.1 By not finding that the parties had, at the outset, explicitly agreed that the applicant's implements would be returned to applicant in substantially the same condition as they had been in when respondent took possession thereof;
1.2 By not finding that it was a tacit term of the 10 July 2014 settlement agreement that the implements would be returned to applicant in substantially the same condition as they had been in when respondent took possession thereof;
1.3 By not rejecting the version of the respondent that the condition of the implements had been explicitly discussed at the meeting held on 10 July 2014;
1.4 By not finding that the respondent's failure to return the implements in substantially the same condition was a breach of the terms of the agreement, which breach was accepted by applicant, and that applicant has cancelled the agreement;
1.5 By not finding that a substantive dispute of fact existed which warranted the dismissal of the respondent's application, alternatively the referral of the matter to oral evidence;
1.6 By finding that applicant had placed insufficient facts before Court from which it could be found that a true dispute of fact existed between the parties."
[3] Om doelmatigheidsredes gaan ek vervolgens na die partye verwys soos in die huidige aansoek.
[4] Applikant het ‘n aansoek om kondonasie geliasser vir die laat liassering van sy aansoek om verlof om te appelleer. Sodanige aansoek om verlof om te appelleer moes teen 30 Augustus 2016 geliasseer gewees hetl maar was eers op 7 September 2016 geliasseer1 derhalwe ses hofdae buitenstyds. Die aansoek om kondonasie as sulks was op 13 September 2016 geliasseer, welke aansoek deur respondent geopponeer is deur die liassering van ·n opponerende verklaring, waartoe applikant repliseer het.
[5] Mnr Lubbe, namens respondent, het gesubmiteer dat by die oorweging van die aansoek om kondonasie die volgende beginsels vervat in paragraaf [9] van die uitspraak in High School Ermelo and Another v Head of the Department Mpumalanga Department of Education and Others [2007] ZAGPHC 165; [2008] 1 All SA 139 (T), deur my toegepas behoort te word:
"[9] The application for condonation cannot succeed. We are aware that usually, a court adopts a robust attitude by granting the condonation, so that the matter is disposed of; for example, in an appeal. However, care must be taken not to create an impression that an application for condonation is a mere formality. An applicant must still make out its case. It is a requirement that for an application for condonation to succeed, an applicant must show reasonable prospects of success; in casu, there are none. Secondly, the explanation for the delay is not reasonable..."
[6] Mnr Lubbe het met geed voorbereide argumente betoog dat applikant nie ‘n redelike verduideliking vir sy versuim verskaf het nie. In die verband het Mnr Lubbe onder andere verwys na aspekte wat, aldus sy betoog, vir die eerste keer in repliek deur applikant openbaar en verduidelik was na aanleiding van bewerings in die opponerende verklaring, welke aspekte reeds in applikant se funderende verklaring vermeld en verduidelik moes wees. Dit het tot gevolg dat applikant met betrekking tot sekere aspekte bewerings in die repliserende verklaring gemaak het wat direk teenstrydig is met dit wat in die funderende verklaring beweer was. In die verband het Mnr Lubbe ender andere betoog dat applikant in die funderende verklaring beweer het dat een van die redes waarom hy nie tydig sy aandag aan die onderhawige aangeleentheid kon gee nie, was omdat hy op daardie stadium in ·n omvangryke dispuut met Standard Bank betrokke was vir die betaling van ·n beweerde verskuldigheid van R39 miljoen voortspruitend
uit ·n misoes. Standard Bank het horn op daardie stadium onder druk geplaas vir die betaling van die skuld en het ook gedreig om by wyse van ‘n dringende aansoek 'n notariele verband wat oor sy roerende eiendom geregistreer is, te perfekteer. Mnr Lubbe het betoog dat applikant deur hierdie bewerings die indruk geskep het dat hy die persoon is wat die geld aan Standard Bank verskuldig was en dat hy ‘n party tot die eventuele litigasie was. Eers nadat dit in die opponerende verklaring uitgewys was dat die verskuldigheid die van applikant se seun was en die eventuele litigasie ook tussen Standard Bank en applikant se seun was en dat applikant self nie ·n party daartoe was nie, het applikant in sy repliserende verklaring sodanig toegegee.
[7] Die bewerings van applikant moet egter in perspektief gelees en oorweeg word. Die tersaaklike bewerings in die funderende verklaring
lees as volg:
"9. In the meantime I had become embroiled in a major dispute with Standard Bank. I have an alleged debt owed to Standard Bank of some R39 million, which resulted from a failed crop. The bank was pressurising me to pay the debt, and was threatening me with urgent applications to perfect a notarial bond over my movable property. That application was eventually launched and was heard on 6 September 2016.
10. This application took up most of my time, and at the same time I was also trying to farm my way out of financial trouble..."
In die repliserende verklaring is die volgende verduidelikings deur applikant verskaf in antwoord op die bewerings gemaak in die
opponerende verklaring:
"AD PARAGRAPH 9
5. ...For what it is worth, the Standard Bank application was opposed, my son was successful in opposing the application, and the matter is now under appeal.
AD PARAGRAPHS 10 TO 16
6. Respondent has missed an extremely important submission in my founding affidavit, which is that I have stated that I was embroiled in the dispute with Standard Bank, and at the same time I was trying to farm my way out of financial difficulty...
7. ...My son and I farm together. Although he was nominally the respondent in the Standard Bank case, I was a surety on the loan, and I was as much embroiled in the dispute with Standard Bank as my son was. This is also clear from the affidavits of Makgato, Janecke and Honiball (representatives of and attorney for Standard Bank, which affidavits were attached to the answering affidavit). On a number of occasions there are references to discussions which they had with me, regarding the Standard Bank loan.
8. Respondent's allegation that I could not have been involved in the dispute with Standard Bank as my son was the respondent, is debunked by their own papers.
9. August 2016 was probably the worst period in my farming life. There had been a severe drought in the area, which led to widespread losses by farmers throughout the area. The Standard Bank production loan is payable on 31August of each year. By then, crops have to be harvested, and the monies received for the crop would be used to settle the loan.
10. ...
11. During August 2016 my son and I realised that there were going to be huge losses as a result of the drought which had resulted in an enormous crop failure. There were certain portions of our farms which we could harvest, which we did. We first harvested our white mealies...Towards mid to end August we started harvesting the yellow mealies. We were working all hours of the day and night, but still we could not complete the harvest on time.
12. ...
13. In the interim one Janecka, a representative of the bank, was putting pressure on us to settle the loan. There were a number of discussions held with him, telephonically, and in person....
14. We were in the meantime trying to farm our land, with the urgent objective of bringing in the crop by 31 August 2016.As it happened, we could not achieve that target, despite working day and night.
AD PARAGRAPH 17
15. ...
16. The opinion (on the merits of the proposed appeal) was finalised on 18 August 2016, at which point my son and I were completely embroiled in trying to harvest the crop, and to resolve the Standard Bank loan. ...It was only after we had had an opportunity to speak to our attorney on 2 September 2016, after the crop had been more or less harvested,
that we could make an informed decision whether to pursue an appeal or not. I must also point out that this is not a decision one makes lightly, on a mere telephone call to your attorney."
[8] Hoewel dit so is dat applikant verkeerdelik in die funderende verklaring die indruk verwek het dat hy self die bedrag aan Standard
Bank verskuldig is en self ·n party tot die litigasie was, meen ek nie dat dit geag kan word dat hy daardeur die Hof probeer
mislei het nie. Wanneer sy verduidel ikings in repliek in ag geneem word, meet ek met Mnr Swanepoel se betoog, namens applikant, saamstem dat dit heeltemal verstaanbaar is waarom applikant dermate by die onderhandelinge en litigasie met Standard Bank betrokke was - nie net beer hy en sy seun saam nie, maar is hy ook as borg aanspreeklik vir die betaling van die verskuldigheid. Applikant het dus ·n direkte belang daarby gehad. Terselfdertyd is die verduideliking met betrekking tot die dringendheid van die oes-insameling op daardie stadium na my mening insgelyks ·n redelike verduideliking en is dit verstaanbaar dat dit amper voltyds applikant se aandag in beslag sou geneem het.
[9] Hoewel Mnr Lubbe ook sekere bewerings oor bepaalde datums uitgewys het as foutief en/of teenstrydig met ander feite, is ek van mening dat applikant se weergawe met betrekking tot datums, nie met soveel presisie oorweeg behoort te word nie. Wanneer dit in totaliteit oorweeg word, is ek van oordeel dat dit tog uit die verduidelikings blyk dat gedurende die tydperk tersaaklik vir doeleindes van die kondonasie, applikant homself in omstandighede bevind het waarin daar nie redelikerwys van horn verwag kon word om al sy aandag en tyd aan die oorweging van die voorgenome appél en die uitvoer daarvan te wy nie.
[10] Dit is so is dat applikant van meet af aan meer gedetailleerde verduidelikings in sy funderende verklaring kon en moes verskaf het ten einde die Hof behoorlik in die prentjie te bring wat betref die tersaaklike gebeure en omstandighede, in plaas daarvan om dit eers in die repliserende verklaring uiteen te sit. Respondent se opponering van die aansoek om kondonasie was dus onder die omstandighede heeltemal gereverdigd. Hierdie is egter nie ·n geval waar applikant geen saak in die funderende verklaring uitgemaak het nie. Die volledige verduidelikings in die repliek het gevolg in antwoord op die volledige bewerings in die opponerende verklaring gemaak. Alwaar die tydperk van versuim in ieder geval slegs ses hofdae beloop het, is ek van mening dat applikant se verduideliking daarvoor, holisties beskou, 'n redelike verduideliking van sy versuim daarstelvir doeleindes van kondonasie.
[11] Wat betref die meriete van die voorgenome appel, moet dit uiteraard oorweeg word vir doeleindes van die kondonasie aansoek, sowel as vir die aansoek om verlof om te appelleer.ln terme van artikel 17(1)(a) van die Wet op Hoer Howe, 10 van 2013 ("die Wet"), mag verlof om te appelleer slegs toegestaan, inter alia, indien ek van mening is dat die appél ·n redelike vooruitsig op sukses het.
[12] Beide Mnre Swanepoel en Lubbe het volledige betoe aan my voorgehou met betrekking tot meriete van die appel. Na ·n behoorlike
oorweging daarvan, is ek van oordeel dat dat die voorgenome appél inderdaad ·n redelike vooruitsig op sukses het.
[13] Gevolglik het applikant na my mening ·n behoorlike saak uitgemaak vir doeleindes van beide die kondonasie aansoek en die aansoek om verlof om te appélleer.
[14] Met inagneming van artikel 16(1)(a), saamgelees met die bepalings van artikel 17(6)(a) van die Wet, is ek van mening dat die appél deur ·n volle hof van hierdie Afdeling aangehoor moet word.
[15] Wat die koste van die kondonasie aansoek betref, het applikant in die Kennisgewing van Mosie gevorder dat respondent die koste van die aansoek moet betaal indien deur horn geopponeer. Hoewel applikant suksesvol is met sy kondonasie aansoek, is ek van oordeel dat respondent se opponering daarvan redelik en geregverdigd was. In die uitoefening van my diskresie is ek gevolglik van mening dat applikant gelas behoort te word om die koste van die kondonasie aansoek moet betaal, wat insluit die opponering daarvan.
[16] Wat die koste van die aansoek om verlof om te appelleer betref, is daar geen rede waarom die gebruiklike bevel nie verleen behoort te word nie.
[17] Gevolglik word die volgende bevel gemaak:
1. Applikant se aansoek om kondonasie vir die laat liassering van die aansoek om verlof om te appelleer, word toegestaan.
2. Applikant word gelas om die koste van die aansoek om kondonasie te betaal, wat insluit die koste van die opponering daarvan.
3. Verlof word aan applikant verleen om na die volle hof van hierdie Afdeling te appelleer teen die geheel van die uitspraak en bevel hierin gegee, gedateer 3 Junie 2016.
4. Koste van die aansoek om verlof om te appelleer is koste in die appel.
Namens applikant: Adv. Swanepoel
In opdrag van: Lovius Block BLOEMFONTEIN
Namens respondent: Adv. E.G. Lubbe
In opdrag van: Matsepes Ing. BLOEMFONTEIN
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