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South Africa Judgment

Supreme Court of Appeal

Coloubrite Skilders en Binnehuis Versierders (Edms) Bpk v Trust and Others (609/1987) [1989] ZASCA 21 (23 March 1989)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that the appellant failed to provide sufficient evidence of a common mistake in the sale and transfer of the property. The documentation indicated that the contract between the appellant and Viltra was entered into after the cancellation of the contract with Viljoen, at a lower purchase price, and there was no evidence regarding Viltra's intention to purchase only the 'new restant'. The appellant's assertion that Viltra intended to buy only the 'new restant' was unsupported by facts, and there was no indication of who acted on behalf of Viltra or whether Viljoen was involved at the relevant time. The absence of evidence regarding Viltra's subjective intention and the lack of supporting documentation meant that the requirements for rectification or application of the doctrine of common mistake were not met. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed with costs, including the costs of two counsel.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs, including costs of two counsel.

Orders

  • The appeal is dismissed with costs, including the costs of two advocates.

02

Material facts

Parties

Coloubrite Skilders en Binnehuis Versierders (Edms) Bpk

Appellant Counsel: Schwartzman

Theo Rood Trust

Respondent

George Alfred Roper

Respondent

Jacob Johannes-Prinsloo

Respondent

Viltra (Edms) Bpk

Respondent

Die Registrateur van Aktes, Pretoria

Respondent

Willem Jacobus Jordaan

Respondent

Grandell du Toit

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Purchase Price in Contract With Viljoen: ZAR 28,500
  • Purchase Price in Contract With Viltra: ZAR 18,500

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Civil Appeal / Appeal From Dismissal of Application in the Transvaal Provincial Division

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant argued that the sale and transfer of the 'ou restant' was subject to a common mistake, as the intention was to sell only the 'new restant' (the remainder minus portion 7). Therefore, the registration should be rectified to exclude portion 7, or alternatively, the doctrine of common mistake should apply, entitling the appellant to claim transfer of portion 7.
Respondent
The second and third respondents opposed the application, contending that there was insufficient evidence of a common mistake and that the transfer and registration were effected in accordance with the contracts and the parties' intentions as reflected in the documentation. They argued that the appellant failed to prove the necessary factual basis for rectification or application of the doctrine of common mistake.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Relevant South African property law principles

    Rectification of property registration requires clear proof of a common mistake between the contracting parties at the time of sale and transfer.

  2. 02

    South African case law on rectification

    The party seeking rectification must establish the intention of both parties and the existence of a mutual error.

  3. 03

    General principles of contract law

    The doctrine of common mistake applies only where both parties shared the same erroneous belief regarding the subject matter of the contract.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that the appellant failed to provide sufficient evidence of a common mistake in the sale and transfer of the property. The documentation indicated that the contract between the appellant and Viltra was entered into after the cancellation of the contract with Viljoen, at a lower purchase price, and there was no evidence regarding Viltra's intention to purchase only the 'new restant'. The appellant's assertion that Viltra intended to buy only the 'new restant' was unsupported by facts, and there was no indication of who acted on behalf of Viltra or whether Viljoen was involved at the relevant time. The absence of evidence regarding Viltra's subjective intention and the lack of supporting documentation meant that the requirements for rectification or application of the doctrine of common mistake were not met. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed with costs, including the costs of two counsel.

Obiter and limits

  • The fact that Viltra did not oppose the application does not support the appellant's case, as no relief was sought against Viltra.
  • The mere assertion of a party's intention, without factual support, is insufficient to establish a common mistake for the purposes of rectification.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs, including costs of two counsel.

  • The appeal is dismissed with costs, including the costs of two advocates.

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of Appeal

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of Appeal

Judgment

[1989] ZASCA 21

LL Saak No 609/1987

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA APPèLAFDELING

Insake die appèl van:

COLOURBRITE SKILDERS EN BINNESHUIS VERSIERDERS (EDMS) BPK " Appellant

en

THEO ROOD TRUST Eerste RespondentGEORGE ALFRED ROPER Tweede RespondentJACOB JOHANNES-PRINSLOO Derde RespondentVILTRA (EDMS) BPK Vierde RespondentDIE REGISTRATEUR VAN AKTES, PRETORIA Vyfde RespondentWILLEM JACOBUS JORDAAN Sesde RespondentGRANDELL DU TOIT Sewende Respondent

CORAM: BOTHA, VAN HEERDEN, MILNE, EKSTEEN

ARR et F.H. GROSSKOPF Wn ARVERHOORDATUM: 9 MAART 1989 LEWERINGSDATUM: 23 MAART 1989

UITSPRAAK

VAN HEERDEN AR:

2.

Die appellant het in 1979 die geregistreerde eienaar geword van gedeelte 1 van erf 7 (kortweg die erf genoem) in die dorpsgebied van Vanderbijlpark. Kort daarna het hy by wyse van onderverdeling gedeeltes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 en 8 van die erf aan verskeie kopers ver-koop en getransporteer. 'n Verdeling van die toe oor-blywende gedeelte van die erf ("die ou restant") was vantevore reeds deur die Landmeter-Generaal goedgekeur. Dit was verdeel in gedeelte 7 en wat ek "die nuwe restant" sal noem.

Op 6 Mei 1980 het ene Viljoen kragtens 'n

skriftelike kontrak "die resterende gedeelte" van die erf van die appellant gekoop. Die appellant beweer dat hy inderdaad bedoel het om die nuwe restant te verkoop. Hierna is die ou restant egter in die naam van 'n maatskappy, die vierde respondent ("Viltra"), getransporteer. Later het Viltra die ou restant getransporteer aan die tweede en derde respondente gesamentlik.

3.

Inmiddels het die appellant gedeelte 7 aan . die sewende respondent verkoop. Laasgenoemde het dit verkoop aan die sesde respondent. Hy het dit op sy beurt weer aan die eerste respondent verkoop. Trans-port.kon egter nie gegee word nie omdat die ou restant, sover dit die akteskantoor betref het, bedoelde gedeel-te ingesluit het, en die ou restant geregistreer was in die naam van die tweede en derde respondente.Die appellant het toe 'n aansoek in die Trans-vaalse Provinsiale Afdeling aanhangig gemaak. Dit was in wese daarop gerig om die registrasies van die trans-porte van die ou restant te verbeter sodat dit gedeelte 7 sou uitsluit. Die aansoek is deur die tweede en derde respondente bestry en is met koste afgewys. Met die nodige verlof is die onderhawige appè teen daardie bevel gerig.In hierdie hof is in omvangryke betoogshoofde namens die appellante twee argumente uiteengesit; eerstens dat eiendomsreg van gedeelte 7 nooit op enige4. van die kopers van die ou restant oorgegaan het nie of, alternatiewelik, dat die kennisleer toepassing vind en dat die appellant op grond daarvan transport van gedeelte 7 kan vorder. Uit die staanspoor is dit egter duidelik dat nie een van dié argumente oorweging verg nie tensy dit blyk dat 'n gemeenskaplike fout begaan is toe die ou restant aan Viltra verkoop en getrahsporteer is. Mnr Schwartzman, wat namens die appellant in hierdie Hof opgetree

het, kon nie anders as om dit toe te gee nie, maar hy het aangevoer dat bedoelde feit, ten spyte van die karige gegewens in die stukke, tog daaruit afgelei kan word. Dié betoog is om die volgende redes onaanvaarbaar.Ek het reeds verwys na die oorspronklike ver-koping aan Viljoen. Volgens daardie koopkontrak is "die resterende gedeelte" van die erf verkoop vir R28 500. Ten gunste van die appellant veronderstel ek egter dat dit die kontrakspartye se gemeenskaplike bedoeling was om die nuwe restant te verkoop, d w s die5. ou restant minus gedeelte 7. Transport is egter nie aan Viljoen gegee nie, maar wel aan Viltra. Uit die transportakte waarkragtens die ou restant deur die appellant aan Viltra oorgedra is, blyk dit dat die oor-drag geskied het uit hoofde van 'n koopkontrak wat deur die appellant en Viltra aangegaan is op 6 Augustus 1980 en waarvolgens die ou restant aan Viltra verkoop is vir R18 500. Hieruit volg dat die koopkontrak tussen die appellant en Viljoen gekanselleer moes gewees het en dat die appellant en Viltra daarna 'n nuwe koopkontrak ten opsigte van die ou restant moes aangegaan het. Daardie kontrak was nie by enige van die beëdigde verklarings aangeheg nie. Wat wel blyk, is dat die koopkontrak aangegaan is sowat 3 maande nadat die grond aan Viljoen verkoop was en teen 'n heelwat laer koopprys as wat laasgenoemde sou moes betaal het.Uit bogenoemde voorvereiste vir

die oorweging van die argumente volg ook dat Viltra subjektief moes beoog het om slegs die nuwe restant te koop en6. transport daarvan te verkry. Geen woord oor Viltra se bedoeling verskyn in die stukke nie, behalwe 'n blote konklusie van die appellant dat bogenoemde inderdaad Viltra se bedoeling was. Waarop hierdie konklusie berus, is totaal duister. Veral word nie gesê wie namens Viltra opgetree het toe die koopkontrak aangegaan is nie.Die enigste ander aspek waarop namens die appellant peil getrek is, is dat Viljoen - wat geweet het dat die appellant slegs die nuwe restant wou ver-koop - 'n direkteur van Viltra was. Dit was egter die posisie voordat die koopkontrak met Viltra aangegaan is en toe Viljoen nog in eie naam onderhandel het. Of hy op die kritieke latere stadium nog direkteur was, en, indien wel, of Viltra meerdere direkteure gehad het, weet 'n mens nie. Ewemin weet 'n mens of Viljoen die persoon was wat die koopkontrak tussen die appellant en Viltra namens laasgenoemde onderteken het. Daar kan ook geen afleiding gemaak word uit die feit dat Viltra7. nie die aansoek bestry het nie, ondermeer omdat geen resgshulp teen Viltra aangevra is nie. Gevolglik is nie bewys nie dat Viltra beoog het om slegs die nuwe restant aan te koop.Die appèl word met koste afgewys, insluitende die koste van twee advokate.

H.J.O. VAN HEERDEN AR

BOTHA AR

MILNE AR

STEM SAAM EKSTEEN AR

GROSSKOPF Wn AR

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