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South Africa Order

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Helen Suzman Foundation v South African Broadcasting Corporation Soc Ltd and Others (52160/16) [2016] ZAGPPHC 606 (20 July 2016)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the SABC's censorship decision, as defined in the founding affidavit, prima facie infringes the constitutional rights to freedom of expression and access to information. The respondents' policy and instructions restricting coverage of protests and demonstrations are inconsistent with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, and the applicable Code of Conduct. The applicant established a prima facie right and a reasonable apprehension of irreparable harm, justifying urgent interim relief. The balance of convenience favours the applicant, as the public interest in open and accurate reporting outweighs the respondents' editorial discretion in this context. Accordingly, the respondents are interdicted from implementing or enforcing the censorship decision pending final determination of the review.

Court disposition

Interim interdict granted pending final determination of the review proceedings.

Orders

  • Each respondent is interdicted from giving effect to, implementing or enforcing the censorship decision as defined in the founding affidavit.
  • The first and second respondents must exercise editorial discretion in accordance with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, and the Broadcasting Complaints Commission Code of Conduct.
  • The first, second, and fourth to eleventh respondents are interdicted from adopting or giving effect to any decision, policy, guideline, or instruction that would prevent coverage of protests, demonstrations, or events as specified in the order.
  • The first respondent is ordered to pay the costs of the application for Part A relief on the attorney and client scale, including the costs of two counsel.

02

Material facts

Parties

Helen Suzman Foundation

Applicant

South African Broadcasting Corporation SOC Ltd

Respondent

Hlaudi Motsoeneng

Respondent

Minister of Communications

Respondent

Prof Mbulaheni Obert Maguvhe

Respondent

Leah Thabisile Khumalo

Respondent

Vusimuzi Goodman Moses Mavuso

Respondent

Krish Naidoo

Respondent

Dr. Ndivhoniswani Aaron Tshidzumba

Respondent

Nomvuyo Memory Mhlakaza

Respondent

James Rogers Aguma

Respondent

Frans Lekoapa Matlala

Respondent

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Urgent Application / Interim Interdict Pending Review

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The applicant argued that the SABC's censorship decision violates the constitutional right to freedom of expression and access to information by preventing coverage of protests and demonstrations. The applicant contended that such policies undermine the public's right to receive information and are inconsistent with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, and the relevant Code of Conduct. Urgent interim relief was sought to prevent irreparable harm pending the outcome of the review.
Respondent
The respondents maintained that editorial discretion permits the SABC to determine the nature and extent of coverage of protests and demonstrations. They argued that the impugned policy was intended to prevent the glorification of violence and protect public order. The respondents denied any constitutional infringement and opposed the grant of interim relief, asserting that the applicant had not established urgency or irreparable harm.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

    Freedom of expression is protected under section 16 of the Constitution and includes the right to receive and impart information and ideas.

  2. 02

    Broadcasting Act, 1999; Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa Free-To-Air Code of Conduct for Broadcasting Service Licensees, 2009

    Broadcasting licensees must comply with the Broadcasting Act and the Code of Conduct, which require fair and accurate reporting and prohibit unjustified censorship.

  3. 03

    Setlogelo v Setlogelo 1914 AD 221

    Interim interdicts may be granted where there is a prima facie right, reasonable apprehension of irreparable harm, and no adequate alternative remedy.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the SABC's censorship decision, as defined in the founding affidavit, prima facie infringes the constitutional rights to freedom of expression and access to information. The respondents' policy and instructions restricting coverage of protests and demonstrations are inconsistent with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, and the applicable Code of Conduct. The applicant established a prima facie right and a reasonable apprehension of irreparable harm, justifying urgent interim relief. The balance of convenience favours the applicant, as the public interest in open and accurate reporting outweighs the respondents' editorial discretion in this context. Accordingly, the respondents are interdicted from implementing or enforcing the censorship decision pending final determination of the review.

Obiter and limits

  • The court noted that editorial discretion must be exercised within the bounds of constitutional and statutory obligations, and cannot be used to justify unjustified censorship.
  • The judgment emphasised the importance of media freedom and the role of public broadcasters in facilitating democratic discourse.

Court disposition

Interim interdict granted pending final determination of the review proceedings.

  • Each respondent is interdicted from giving effect to, implementing or enforcing the censorship decision as defined in the founding affidavit.
  • The first and second respondents must exercise editorial discretion in accordance with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, and the Broadcasting Complaints Commission Code of Conduct.
  • The first, second, and fourth to eleventh respondents are interdicted from adopting or giving effect to any decision, policy, guideline, or instruction that would prevent coverage of protests, demonstrations, or events as specified in the order.
  • The first respondent is ordered to pay the costs of the application for Part A relief on the attorney and client scale, including the costs of two counsel.

Source and reliance status

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

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Judgment text

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Source document

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Order

[2016] ZAGPPHC 606

IN

THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

(GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA)

Case No: 52160/16

BEFORE

THE HONOURABLE MR JUSTICE MURPHY

PRETORIA, 20 JULY 2016

HELEN

SUZMAN FOUNDATION Applicant

And

THE

SOUTH AFRICAN BROADCASTING

CORPORATION SOC LTD 1st Respondent

HLAUDI MOTSOENENG: CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

OF

THE SOUTH AFRICAN BROADCASTING

CORPORATION SOC LIMITED 2nd Respondent

MINISTER OF COMMUNICATIONS 3rd Respondent

PROF

MBULAHENI OBERT MAGUVHE 4th Respondent

LEAH

THABISILE KHUMALO 5th Respondent

VUSIMUZI

GOODMAN MOSES MAVUSO 6th Respondent

KRISH NAIDOO 7th Respondent

DR.

NDIVHONISWANI AARON TSHIDZUMBA 8th Respondent

NOMVUYO

MEMORY MHLAKAZA 9th Respondent

JAMES

ROGERS AGUMA 10th Respondent

FRANS

LEKOAPA MATLALA 11th Respondent

ORDER

PART

A

IT

IS ORDERED

THAT

1. Pending the final determination of Part B of this application, including any appeal of the review proceedings under Part B:

1.1. each of the respondents is interdicted from giving effect to, implementing or enforcing the censorship decision, as defined in paragraph 9 of the founding affidavit of Francis Antonie (“the founding affidavit”);

1.2. the first and second respondents are required to exercise their editorial discretion in accordance with the Constitution, the Broadcasting Act, 1999, and the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa Free- To-Air Code of Conduct for Broadcasting Service Licensees, 2009, and in accordance with the following order:

1.2.1. the first, second and fourth to eleventh respondents are interdicted from adopting or giving effect to any decision, policy, guidelines or instruction which would require the events in 1.2.1.1 to 1.2.1.9 below not to be broadcast, reported upon, covered, publicised, disseminated to the public, or afforded media coverage (“the relevant decisions”). For the avoidance of doubt, this includes any policy, guideline or instruction which would result in partial coverage without visuals, or preclude coverage, by the first respondent of the following:

1.2.1.1. any peaceful protest or demonstration;

1.2.1.2. any violent protest or demonstration;

1.2.1.3. any peaceful or violent protest or demonstration against service delivery;

1.2.1.4. any peaceful or violent protest or demonstration against the Policy (as defined in paragraph·92 of the founding affidavit);

1.2.1.5. any peaceful or violent protest or ·demonstration against government or a public body, at any level (local, municipal, provincial, regional or national);

1.2.1.6. any protest, demonstration, commentary or news piece which portrays, or has the potential to portray:

1.2.1.6.1. government (at any level); or

1.2.1.6.2. any political leader or government employee or officer, including a member of the National Executive

in a negative light;

1.2.1.7. any politically motivated protest or demonstration (whether violent or peaceful);

1.2.1.8. any events or actions (including violent or peaceful protest or demonstration) that reflects, or may reflect, any political party or politician in a negative light; and/or

1.2.1.9. any events or actions (including violent or peaceful protest or demonstration) that reflect, or may reflect, negatively upon the President of the Republic of South Africa;

2. the first respondent is liable to pay the cost of the application for Part A relief on the scale as between attorney and client, including the costs of two counsel.

_____

pp

REGISTRAR

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Setlogelo v Setlogelo 1914 AD 221

Case cited

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Broadcasting Act, 1999

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa Free-To-Air Code of Conduct for Broadcasting Service Licensees, 2009

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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