Imperial Holdings Limited and Imperilog Limited (22/LM/Apr02) [2002] ZACT 31 (3 May 2002)
The Tribunal found that the re-acquisition of shares by Imperial Holdings Limited in Imperilog Limited does not substantially increase market concentration in the relevant logistics market. The merged entity remains a smaller competitor, with the market dominated by three larger players, particularly Bidfreight,...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2002] ZACT 31
- Parties
- Applicant: Imperial Holdings Limited; Respondent: Imperilog Limited
- Court
- Competition Tribunal
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Case Number
- 22/LM/Apr02
- Procedural Posture
- Large Merger / Approval
- Outcome
- Merger approved without conditions.
- Judges
- N.M. Manoim, U. Bhoola, P. Maponya
- Legal Topics
- Large Merger Review, Market Concentration, De Facto Control, De Jure Control, Public Interest, Logistics Services
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Imperial Holdings Limited
Applicant
Imperilog Limited
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Large Merger / Approval
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the re-acquisition of shares by Imperial Holdings Limited in Imperilog Limited will substantially lessen competition in the relevant market.
- 2 Whether the transaction raises any public interest concerns under the Competition Act.
Ratio Decidendi
The Tribunal found that the re-acquisition of shares by Imperial Holdings Limited in Imperilog Limited does not substantially increase market concentration in the relevant logistics market. The merged entity remains a smaller competitor, with the market dominated by three larger players, particularly Bidfreight, which holds 60% of the market. The transaction merely converts Imperial's de facto control into de iure control, and no public interest concerns arise. The merger was therefore approved without conditions.
Court Disposition
Merger approved without conditions.
Orders
- The merger between Imperial Holdings Limited and Imperilog Limited is approved without conditions.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
37 paragraphs
COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Case No: 22/LM/Apr02
In the large merger between:
Imperial Holdings Limited
and
Imperilog Limited
_______________________________________________________________________
Reasons for Decision
Approval
On 24 April 2002 we approved without conditions the merger between Imperial Holdings Ltd and Imperilog Ltd. Our reasons for this decision are set out below.
The transaction
This is a re-acquisition by Imperial of 36 260 000 shares in Imperilog from ING Bank.
The primary acquiring firm is Imperial Holdings Ltd, which is listed on the JSE Securities Exchange. Imperial is not controlled by a single entity.
The primary target firm is Imperilog Ltd, listed on the JSE Securities Exchange in the information sector.
History of the transaction
Imperilog was formerly known as Boumat Ltd. Boumat, in which Imperial owned 49% of the total issued share capital, disposed of its various businesses and assets during the second half of 1999 and effectively became a cash shell. During the latter half of 1999 it was decided to reverse list the businesses of Imperitek into the Boumat shell, and at the same time to change the name of Boumat to Imperilog. Subsequent to this Imperial held 17.5%, Imperial Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of Imperial, held 35.5% and Regent Life Insurance Company Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Imperial, held 1.5% of the total issued share capital in Imperilog. The balance was publicly held.
Towards the end of 1999 and as a direct result of the collapse of Fidelity Bank, small banks came under extreme financial pressure as a result of the withdrawal of their deposits. Imperial Bank was also affected, a position that was exacerbated by the MacMed liquidation, to which Imperial bank was exposed to the extent of some R40 million.
Imperial Bank, in consequence, decided to improve its balance sheet and cash flow by disposing of its shareholding in Imperilog. Whilst recognizing the requirements of Imperial Bank to dispose of its shareholding, but at the same time wishing to retain the shareholding within the Imperial Group for possible realization in the future when the share price had improved, Imperial approached ING Bank to structure a deal which, from a practical and commercial point of view would enable ING Bank to purchase the shares from Imperial Bank and pay it the purchase price, but at the same time, warehouse those shares for a period on behalf of, and for the ultimate benefit (or loss, should it occur), of Imperial.
An agreement was concluded between ING Bank and Imperial. However ING bankâs right to dispose of the shares was completely circumscribed. The voting rights were also regulated by the agreement. If ING Bank was to vote in a manner adverse to the interests of Imperial, Imperial could âexpropriateâ those shares. Thus ING Bank appointed Imperial as its proxy to vote the shares as it saw fit at every general meeting.
Imperilogâs Board consisted of 6 members of which two members were from Imperial, including the Chairman. ING Bank was not represented on the Board.
The present transaction is thus a reversal of the above transaction.
Prior to the disposal by Imperial Bank to ING Bank, Imperial and Imperial Bank collectively owned 53.1% of the shares in Imperilog. With the re-acquisition of the sale shares from ING Bank, which comprise 35.5% of the total issued share capital, Imperial will again own 53.1% of the total issued share capital.
The relevant market
Imperialâs activities include a wide range of services relating to motoring, car rental and tourism, transport, trucking, aviation leasing, logistics and fleet management outsourcing, forklifts, and a comprehensive related financial services arm supplying banking, short term insurance and life assurance.
Imperilog provides a broad range of logistics services, including transportation, warehouse management and distribution services.
The only overlap in activities of the parties is the inbound logistics services i.e. Customs clearing and freight forwarding.1 The geographic market is national.
Effect on competition
Within this market, of which the merged entity is one of the smaller players, the majority of firms are competing for less than half of the market since the three largest players hold 60 % of the market. Bidfreight indirectly holds 60% of the market.2
We agree with the Commissionâs finding that the merger will not substantially increase market concentration and endorse its report. In any event it would appear that Imperial has always had de facto control over Imperilog and the merger serves only to transform that control into de iure control.
Public interest Issues
No public interest concerns arise from the merger.
3 May 2002
N.M. Manoim Date
Concurring: U. Bhoola, P. Maponya
1 Freight clearing and forwarding can broadly be described as the management and movement of air and sea freight worldwide.
2 See Tribunal Case No: 35/LM/Jun01, the Imperial/Megafreight merger.