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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Jacobs v Maritz and Others; Maritz and Others v Jacobs (4525/2008) [2009] ZAFSHC 15 (12 February 2009)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the applicant's plea was delivered to the respondents' attorney on the last day for delivery, and although it was filed with the registrar one day late, the circumstances justified condonation and the lifting of the bar. Both parties' attorneys made errors, but the applicant demonstrated a bona fide intention to defend and disclosed a defence in the incorporated plea. The court held that it would be senseless to set aside the judgment without also lifting the bar and condoning the late filing, as this would necessitate a separate application. The applicant was not at fault for the confusion, and the interests of justice required that he be allowed to defend the claim. The court also noted possible errors in the calculation of damages in the default judgment, further justifying its setting aside. No order as to costs was made due to mistakes on both sides.

Court disposition

Default judgment set aside; applicant's plea deemed timeously filed; bar lifted; no order as to costs.

Orders

  • The default judgment granted against the applicant on 6 November 2008 is set aside.
  • The applicant's plea delivered to the respondents' attorney on 7 October 2008 and filed with the registrar on 8 October 2008 is deemed to have been filed timeously, and the bar in respect thereof is lifted.
  • The time periods for filing further pleadings or taking further steps under the court rules run from the date of this order and are deemed to commence from the date the applicant's plea was filed.
  • No order as to costs is made.

02

Material facts

Parties

Marius Jacobs

Applicant Counsel: T.A.L.L. Potgieter

Johan Frederick Maritz

Respondent Counsel: P.C.F. van Rooyen SC

Maria Susanna Maritz

Respondent Counsel: P.C.F. van Rooyen SC

Anna Hendrina Myburgh

Respondent Counsel: P.C.F. van Rooyen SC

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Urgent Application / Application to Set Aside Default Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The applicant contends that the default judgment was erroneously sought in his absence, as his plea was delivered to the respondents' attorney on the last permissible day and filed with the registrar one day late. He argues that under Rule 42(1)(a), the judgment was granted in error and should be set aside without the need to show good cause. Alternatively, he submits that good cause exists for condonation, as there was confusion regarding the delivery and filing of the plea, and he has a bona fide defence to the claim.
Respondent
The respondents argue that the applicant was in default because the plea was filed late and the annexures were missing. They assert that proper notice of the hearing was given and that the applicant has not disclosed a substantive defence, as the plea incorporated by reference lacks supporting documents and detail. They rely on authority requiring evidence of a bona fide defence and a present intention to defend if the judgment is set aside.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Uniform Rule 42(1)(a)

    A default judgment may be set aside if it was erroneously sought or granted in the absence of a party, and under Rule 42(1)(a), good cause need not be shown.

  2. 02

    Uniform Rules 6 and 27(1)

    If a party fails to deliver a pleading within the allowed period, they are in default and barred from further steps unless the court condones the delay and lifts the bar upon good cause shown.

  3. 03

    GALP v TANSLEY, N.O. AND ANOTHER 1966 (4) SA 555 (K) at 560A–C

    The applicant must show a bona fide defence and a present desire to defend the claim if the judgment is set aside.

  4. 04

    SANTAM LTD & OTHERS v BAMBER 2005 (5) SA 209 (W) at 211J–212A; 213G–H

    Courts should not lightly deprive a party of the opportunity to defend a claim, especially where a bona fide defence is disclosed.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the applicant's plea was delivered to the respondents' attorney on the last day for delivery, and although it was filed with the registrar one day late, the circumstances justified condonation and the lifting of the bar. Both parties' attorneys made errors, but the applicant demonstrated a bona fide intention to defend and disclosed a defence in the incorporated plea. The court held that it would be senseless to set aside the judgment without also lifting the bar and condoning the late filing, as this would necessitate a separate application. The applicant was not at fault for the confusion, and the interests of justice required that he be allowed to defend the claim. The court also noted possible errors in the calculation of damages in the default judgment, further justifying its setting aside. No order as to costs was made due to mistakes on both sides.

Obiter and limits

  • It is not appropriate to critically assess the applicant's defence at this stage without evidence; the papers disclose a bona fide defence.
  • The approach of the courts is that an applicant should not lightly be deprived of the opportunity to defend a claim.
  • Possible errors in the calculation of damages in the default judgment further support the need to set aside the judgment.

Court disposition

Default judgment set aside; applicant's plea deemed timeously filed; bar lifted; no order as to costs.

  • The default judgment granted against the applicant on 6 November 2008 is set aside.
  • The applicant's plea delivered to the respondents' attorney on 7 October 2008 and filed with the registrar on 8 October 2008 is deemed to have been filed timeously, and the bar in respect thereof is lifted.
  • The time periods for filing further pleadings or taking further steps under the court rules run from the date of this order and are deemed to commence from the date the applicant's plea was filed.
  • No order as to costs is made.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2009] ZAFSHC 15

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Saak Nr. : 4525/2008

In die saak tussen:-

MARIUS JACOBS Applikant

en

JOHAN FREDERICK MARITZ 1ste Respondent

MARIA SUSANNA MARITZ 2de Respondent

ANNA HENDRINA MYBURGH 3de Respondent

In Re:

JOHAN FREDERICK MARITZ 1ste Eiser

MARIA SUSANNA MARITZ 2de Eiser

ANNA HENDRINA MYBURGH 3de Eiser

MARIUS JACOBS Verweerder

_____________

UITSPRAAK DEUR: KRUGER,

R

AANGEHOOR OP: 5 FEBRUARIE 2009

GELEWER OP: 12 FEBRUARIE 2009

[1] Hierdie is ‘n aansoek om tersydestelling van ‘n vonnis wat op 6 November 2008 in applikant se afwesigheid toegestaan is. Die agtergrond is soos volg:

(1) Op 30 September 2008 het die respondente ‘n kennisgewing van belet op die applikant beteken.

(2) Die laaste dag van die dies induciae van die kennisgewing van belet was 7 Oktober 2008.

(3) Op die laaste dag van die dies induciae van die kennisgewing van belet (7/10/2008) het die applikant se Pretoria prokureur 2 keer ‘n skrywe met ‘n afskrif van die applikant se pleit aan die respondente se prokureur van rekord te Bloemfontein gefaks.

(4) Afgesien van hierdie gefaksde afskrifte van applikant se pleit, is applikant se pleit op 7Oktober 2008 op die respondent se prokureur van rekord se kantore beteken.

(5) Die pleit is die volgende dag, 8 Oktober 2008, d.w.s. een dag laat, by die griffier geliasseer.

[2] Respondent se prokureur het nie besef dat die pleit inderdaad beteken is nie, en het gemeen dat dit net nog ‘n gefaksde afskrif van die pleit is. Hy skryf op 17 Oktober 2008 ‘n brief aan respondent se prokureur waarin die volgende vermeld word:

“1.3 Op 7 Oktober 2008 het ons ‘n faksimilee ontvang van u korrespondent waarby aangeheg was ‘n afskrif van u kliënt se pleit wat deur korrespondent onderteken is.

In die omstandighede is u kliënt in verstek en onder belet.

Ons opdrag is om aansoek te doen vir vonnis by verstek teen u kliënt op Donderdag, 6 November 2008.”

Hierdie brief is beteken op applikant se prokureur op 20 Oktober 2008. Op daardie selfde dag beteken respondent se prokureur ‘n kennisgewing van terrolleplasing op applikant se Bloemfontein prokureur. Op 30 Oktober 2008 beteken respondent se prokureur ‘n indeks van die stukke op applikant se Bloemfontein prokureur.

[3] Daar was belangrike oorsigte by sowel applikant se prokureur as respondent s’n. Respondent se prokureur het nie, tot nadat verstekvonnis geneem is, besef dat applikant se pleit behoorlik en betyds op respondent se kantore beteken is nie. Aan die ander kant het applikant se Bloemfontein prokureur nie besef dat ‘n kennisgewing van terrolleplasing op hulle beteken is nie. Die pleit wat op 8 Oktober 2008 by die griffier afgelewer is, was op 6 November 2008, die dag toe verstekvonnis toegestaan is, nie in die hoflêer nie, skynbaar omdat dit êrens in die griffier se kantore was. Hierdie omstandighede het daartoe gelei dat verstekvonnis aangevra en toegestaan is.

[4] Mnr. Potgieter, vir applikant, voer aan dat hierdie aansoek onder reël 42(1)(a) ressorteer aangesien die vonnis foutiewelik aangevra is in die afwesigheid van die applikant. Hy maak hierdie submissie omdat, toe verstekvonnis aangevra is, respondent se prokureur onbewus was daarvan dat die pleit op respondent se kantoor beteken was. Ingevolge reël 42(1)(a) hoef applikant nie goeie redes te bewys nie.

[5] Die omstandighede waaronder vonnis by verstek aangevra is, was die volgende:

‘n Pleit is op respondent se prokureur se kantore beteken op die dag toe die periode vir belet verstryk het.

‘n Pleit is een dag nadat die periode vir belet verstryk het, by die griffier geliasseer, dus buite tyd.

Die aanhangsels tot die pleit was nie by enige van die pleite wat beteken of geliasseer is nie.

Applikant se prokureur is in kennis gestel van die verhoordatum van 6 November 2008 by wyse van ‘n brief wat op sy Bloemfontein prokureur beteken is, sowel as by wyse van ‘n kennisgewing van terrolleplasing wat op 30 Oktober 2008 op sy Bloemfontein prokureur beteken is.

In hierdie omstandighede waar behoorlik kennis aan appikant gegee is, en waar daar nie ‘n geldige pleit bestaan het nie, kan nie gesê word dat respondent verkeerdelik aansoek om vonnis gedoen het nie. Die aansoek moet onder reël 31(2)(b) beoordeel word.

[6] Reël 6 van die Eenvormige Hofreëls bepaal dat as ‘n party nie ‘n pleitstuk aflewer (aan die griffier) binne die toegelate tydperk (hier: voor of op 7 Oktober 2008) nie, is hy in verstek en ipso facto onder belet. Reël 27(1) bepaal dat, as goeie redes aangevoer word, kan die hof enige tydperk verleng (m.a.w. die belet ophef).

[7] Dit sou weinig sin hê om die vonnis tersyde te stel sonder om die belet om te hef. Dan sal applikant ‘n afsonderlike aansoek moet rig vir kondonasie van die laat-liassering van die pleit en opheffing van die belet. Dit sou meer sinvol wees om te oordeel of die applikant in die huidige verrigtinge goeie redes aangevoer het, dus, of daar ‘n verweer is.

[8] Mnr. Van Rooyen betoog, met verwysing na GALP v TANSLEY, N.O. AND ANOTHER 1966 (4) SA 555 (K) op 560A – C dat daar getuienis moet wees van ‘n substansiële verweer, en ‘n huidige begeerte by die applikant om daardie verweer te opper indien die vonnis tersyde gestel word. In die funderende eedsverklaring sê die applikant dat sy pleit geag moet word ingelyf te wees by sy eedsverklaring. Mnr. Van Rooyen betoog dat die inlywing van die pleit toon nie die applikant se verweer nie, aangesien die bylaes nie aangeheg is nie en openbaar applikant ook nie wat die inhoud van die bylaes is nie. Hy opper ‘n groot aantal punte van kritiek teen applikant op grond waarvan hy betoog dat die applikant nie ‘n verweer openbaar nie.

[9] Mnr. Potgieter, vir applikant, voer aan dat die stukke toon dat applikant se verweer is dat die respondente hul eie besluite geneem het.

[10] Dit is nie gerade of moontlik om op hierdie stadium, sonder getuienis, die verweer krities te beoordeel nie. Die stukke toon ‘n bona fide verweer. ‘n Verdere belangrike punt, wat nie in geskil is nie, is dat daar geen vinger gewys kan word na die applikant nie. Dis duidelik dat hy die saak wil verdedig. Die howe se benadering is dat ‘n applikant nie ligtelik ontneem moet word van die geleentheid om die eis te verdedig nie – SANTAM LTD & OTHERS v BAMBER 2005 (5) SA 209 (W) te 211J – 212A; 213G – H.

[11] ‘n Aspek wat in betoog geopper is, en wat moontlik rede tot kommer is of die vonnis wat toegestaan is, korrek is, is die kwessie dat dit ‘n skadevergoedingseis is, volgens mnr. Potgieter een vir kontrakbreuk en positiewe interesse. In die besonderhede van eis is daar ‘n bewering dat al die eisers rente ontvang het, en dit lyk nie of sulke rente-bedrae afgetrek is van die eise nie, soos wat moontlik moes gebeur. Ook om hierdie rede moet die vonnis tersyde gestel word.

[12] Wat koste betref, was daar foute aan beide kante. Geen kostebevel behoort gemaak te word nie.

[13] Bevel:

13.1 Die vonnis wat by verstek op 6 November 2008 teen applikant toegestaan is, word tersyde gestel.

13.2 Die applikant se verweerskrif wat op 7 Oktober 2008 op respondente se prokureur van rekord beteken is, en op 8 Oktober 2008 by die griffier geliasseer is, word geag betyds geliasseer te gewees het, en die belet ten opsigte daarvan word opgehef.

13.3 Die tydperke vir die liassering van verdere pleitstukke, of die neem van verdere stappe in die Hofreëls beoog, geld vanaf die datum van hierdie hofbevel, en moet geag word die datum te wees waarop die applikant se pleit geliasseer is.

13.4 Geen kostebevel word gemaak nie.

____

A. KRUGER, R

Namens die applikant: Adv. T.A.L.L. Potgieter

In opdrag van:

EG Cooper Majiedt Ing.

BLOEMFONTEIN

Namens die respondente: Adv. P.C.F. van Rooyen SC

Naudes

/sp

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

GALP v TANSLEY, N.O. AND ANOTHER 1966 (4) SA 555 (K)

Case cited

SANTAM LTD & OTHERS v BAMBER 2005 (5) SA 209 (W)

Case cited

Uniform Rule 42(1)(a)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Uniform Rule 6

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Uniform Rule 27(1)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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