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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Jankowitz and Another v Padongelukkefonds (1902/2003) [2003] ZAFSHC 21 (25 September 2003)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that items 4 and 21 in the instructing attorney's bill of costs were not recoverable as wasted costs. Preparation fees for the attorney were not allowed since an advocate was instructed for the trial, and the qualifying expenses for the expert assessor could not be allowed without a court order or the consent of all parties. The objections to items 5, 6, and 7 were dismissed, as the costs allowed pertained only to consultations and not to attendance at the inspection in loco. The taxing master's allocation on these items was upheld. The applicants were substantially successful in their objections and were awarded a contribution towards their costs.

Court disposition

Applicants' objections to items 4 and 21 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are upheld; objections to items 5, 6, and 7 are dismissed.

Orders

  • Items 4 and 21 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are disallowed in full.
  • Items 5, 6, and 7 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are allowed in full.
  • The respondent is ordered to pay R250.00 as a contribution towards the applicants' costs.

02

Material facts

Parties

Jacobus Adriaan Jankowitz

Applicant Counsel: JJ Maree

Riaan Willem Jankowitz

Applicant Counsel: JJ Maree

Die Padongelukkefonds

Respondent Counsel: HL Buchner

Amounts and remedies

  • Contribution to Applicants' Costs: ZAR 250

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Review Application / Taxation Review Following Interlocutory Costs Order

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The applicants argued that the taxing master had no factual basis to allow the costs associated with the inspection in loco as wasted costs, and that there were no special circumstances justifying a second inspection. They further contended that the qualifying expenses for the expert assessor should not be allowed without a court order or the consent of all interested parties.
Respondent
The respondent maintained that the costs allowed related only to consultations arising from the inspection in loco, not for attendance at the inspection itself, and that the taxing master's allocation was correct. The respondent did not oppose the exclusion of the expert assessor's qualifying expenses as per the taxing master's concession.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    DELFOS EN ATLAS CORPO (EDMS) BPK v VV BANDE (EDMS) BPK 1972(3) SA 907 (O) at 911B

    Wasted costs are equivalent to 'costs of the day' and refer to additional costs incurred by a litigant that become useless due to the other party's conduct.

  2. 02

    Rule 70(8); KELLERMAN v TAKSEERMEESTER 1971(4) SA 103 (Nk)

    Preparation fees for an attorney are not recoverable as party and party costs if an advocate is instructed to conduct the trial, unless the attorney appears personally and complies with Rule 69.

  3. 03

    STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO v SAFSAN MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION CO (PTY) LTD 1987(2) SA 331 (A) at 355B-C

    Qualifying expenses of a witness are not allowed on taxation without a court order or the consent of all interested parties.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that items 4 and 21 in the instructing attorney's bill of costs were not recoverable as wasted costs. Preparation fees for the attorney were not allowed since an advocate was instructed for the trial, and the qualifying expenses for the expert assessor could not be allowed without a court order or the consent of all parties. The objections to items 5, 6, and 7 were dismissed, as the costs allowed pertained only to consultations and not to attendance at the inspection in loco. The taxing master's allocation on these items was upheld. The applicants were substantially successful in their objections and were awarded a contribution towards their costs.

Obiter and limits

  • The court emphasized that wasted costs must be strictly interpreted and only allowed where they are truly rendered useless by the conduct of the opposing party.
  • The court noted that the applicants were misinformed regarding the taxing master's allocation for items 5, 6, and 7, as only consultation costs were allowed, not attendance costs.

Court disposition

Applicants' objections to items 4 and 21 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are upheld; objections to items 5, 6, and 7 are dismissed.

  • Items 4 and 21 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are disallowed in full.
  • Items 5, 6, and 7 of the respondent's instructing attorney's bill of costs are allowed in full.
  • The respondent is ordered to pay R250.00 as a contribution towards the applicants' costs.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

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Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2003] ZAFSHC 21

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE-VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Saaknommer : 1902/2003

In die hersiening van taksasie:

JACOBUS ADRIAAN JANKOWITZ Eerste Eiser

RIAAN WILLEM JANKOWITZ Tweede Eiser

En

DIE PADONGELUKKEFONDS Verweerder

UITSPRAAK: VAN

COPPENHAGEN R

DATUM GELEWER: 25 SEPTEMBER 2003

Die eisers het aksie ingestel teen verweerder. Hierdie aksie was vir verhoor geplaas op 28, 29 en 31 Januarie 2003. Op die eerste verhoordag was die onderstaande bevel by ooreenkoms gemaak:

“1. Die verhoor van die aksie word uitgestel na 2, 3, 4 en 5 September 2003.

Die Griffier word versoek om in oorleg met die Regter-President voorkeur aan die onderhawige aksie te verleen.

Die eiser die verspilde koste van die uitstel te betaal.”

Verweerder se kosterekening was soos in die hofbevel in die vooruitsig gestel, vir taksaksie voorgelê en debatteer. Eiser was nie tevrede met sekere items wat deur die takseermeester toegelaat was nie, en het ‘n gestelde saak van die takseermeester soos bedoel in Hofreël 48(1) aangevra.

Na die takseermeester se gestelde saak was die prosedures soos bedoel in Hofreël 48(3) en 48(5) gevolg sodat die aangeleentheid vir hersiening voor my is.

Met die taksasie van verweerder se rekening was ook voorgelê ‘n kosterekening van verweerder se prokureur in Gauteng, dws die sogenaamde opdraggewende prokureur van verweerder se prokureur van rekord.

Die koste van die opdraggewende prokureur is in die diskresie van die takseermeester verhaalbaar [vide Reël 70(8) en cf KELLERMAN v TAKSEERMEESTER 1971(4) SA 103 (Nk).]

Dit is dan ook net enkele items in die sogenaamde opdraggewende prokureur se kosterekening wat op hersiening aan die orde gestel word.

Vyf items in die betrokke rekening is onder skoot. Elke geteikende item sal vervolgens oorweeg word.

Alvorens die items spesifiek behandel word, is dit nodig om aan te dui dat “verspilde koste”, maar dieselfde as die uitdrukking “koste van die dag” [cf

DELFOS EN ATLAS CORPO (EDMS) BPK v VV BANDE (EDMS) BPK 1972(3) SA 907 (O) te 911B] behels dit is die addisionele koste wat ‘n litigant moet aangaan of reeds opgeloop het, maar weens die onagsame optrede van die ander litigant nutteloos geword het [cf MBEKENI v JIKA 1995(1) SA 423 (Tk) 424F-G en VAN HEERDEN AND ANOTHER v TARR 1959(2) SA 328E.]

Ad item 4 in die kosterekening:

“perusal of files of documentation in preparation for trial – 5 hrs

– charged 3 hours wasted – R1 200,00 ”

Dit is nie nodig om na die onderskeie submissies ten aansien van voormelde item te verwys nie.

In die takseermeester se verslag ingevolge Reël 48(5)(b) betwyfel hy die toelaatbaarheid van die betrokke item en word uitdruklik aan die hand gedoen as volg:

“Dit is my respekvolle submissie dat geen voorbereidingsfooi vir ‘n prokureur, soos tussen party en party, toegelaat kan word as opdrag aan ‘n advokaat gegee is vir die waarneem van die verhoor nie. Dit sal die kostes vir verskyning in die hof dupliseer.

Dit kan slegs toegelaat word indien hy self in die hof verskyn en dan moet die bepalings van Hofreël 69 nagekom word.

Aan die hand van laasgenoemde is dit my respekvolle submissie dat my aanvanklike beslissing nie korrek is nie, en is dit my versoek dat dit tersyde gestel word.”

Die takseermeester se toegewing blyk korrek te wees.

Die item moet gevolglik in geheel deurgehaal word.

(7) Ad items 5, 6 en 7 van kosterekening:

“5. attorney travelling to Free State for inspection in loco – together with counsel, assessor R Opperman and insured driver, Koos de Swardt – 10 hours in all – travelling time and expenses and attendances at inspection in loco not charged as not wasted at this stage. Whilst travelling – consultations were held and are charged as follows:

consultation with counsel and expert –

2 hrs – 1 hour wasted R400,00

consultation with counsel and insured driver –

2 hrs – 1 hr wasted R400,00

attend to pay expert R Opperman – 2 hrs

consultation – 50% wasted R427,00

attend to pay counsel – 4 hrs consultations –

50% wasted R1596,00 “

In die skriftelike voorlegging soos bedoel in Reël 48(5)(a) submitteer eiser as volg:

“Die beswaar was bloot daarop baseer dat die Takseermeester geen feite voor hom het om ‘n bevinding te maak dat die koste verbonde aan die inspeksie verspilde koste is nie en meer in besonder is geen feite aan die Takseermeester voorgehou waarom dit nodig sou wees om weer ‘n inspeksie uit te voer nie.

Dit was submitteer dat tydens ‘n inspeksie die relevante feite en inligting ingewin word en daar spesiale omstandighede moet wees om die koste verbonde aan ‘n tweede inspeksie toe te laat.”

Die takseermeester se reaksie in sy reël 48(5)(b) verslag lui:

“Dit word met respek aan die hand gedoen dat die eisers se prokureur my beslissing wanvertolk.

Die kostes wat toegestaan was, hou slegs verband met konsultasies wat gehou was tussen die advokaat en die prokureur, deskundige getuie asook met die versekerde bestuurder, voortspruitend die inspeksie in loco, en nie vir die bywoning van die inspeksie in loco nie”

Dit moet beklemtoon word dat die takseermeester se antwoorde ondersteun word deur die uiteensetting onder item 5 te wete: “travelling time expenses and attendances at inspection in loco not charged as not wasted at this stage.”

Eisers is inderdaad wanvoorgelig omtrent die takseermeester se allokatur onder gemelde items.

Die beswaar teen voormelde items kan nie gehandhaaf word nie.

(8) Ad item 21 van kosterekening:

“Attend to pay expert assessor – reserve – one day charged R6 270,00 ”

In die takseermeester se verslag in terme van Reël 48(5)(b) word die volgende ten aansien van voormelde aangeteken:

“ `On taxation the qualifying expenses of a witness are not allowed without an order of court or the consent of all interested parties.’

STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO v SAFSAN MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION CO (PTY) LTD 1987(2 SA 331 (A) 355B-C.

Hierdie item was dus verkeerd beslis en is dit my respekvolle versoek dat die toelating van hierdie item tersyde gestel word.”

In lig van voormelde is dit ook nie nodig dat enige verdere bespreking aan hierdie item gewy word nie omdat ek van mening is in elk geval dat die takseermeester korrek was in sy kommentaar soos uiteengesit en hierbo aangehaal.

Die eisers was substensieel suksesvol en in hulle beswaar teen die takseermeester se allokatur ten aansien van die betrokke items en is dit net billik dat koste in die bedrag van R250,00 aan die eisers toegestaan word.

In konklusie dus, word eisers se beswaar teen items 4 en 21 van verweerder se opdraggewende prokureur se kosterekening gehandhaaf deurdat dit in geheel nie vorderbaar is nie, terwyl eisers se beswaar teen items 5, 6 en 7 afgewys word en die vordering daaronder en koste daaraan verbonde geheel toegelaat word en word verweerder gelas om R250,00 bydrae tot eisers se koste te maak.

_______

G VAN COPPENHAGEN, R

Prokureur vir Eisers : Mnr JJ Maree

Schoeman, Maree Ingelyf

Prokureur vir Verweerder : Mnr HL Buchner

Honey Prokureurs

/Jacobs

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

DELFOS EN ATLAS CORPO (EDMS) BPK v VV BANDE (EDMS) BPK 1972(3) SA 907 (O)

Case cited

KELLERMAN v TAKSEERMEESTER 1971(4) SA 103 (Nk)

Case cited

MBEKENI v JIKA 1995(1) SA 423 (Tk)

Case cited

VAN HEERDEN AND ANOTHER v TARR 1959(2) SA 328E

Case cited

STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO v SAFSAN MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION CO (PTY) LTD 1987(2) SA 331 (A)

Case cited

Uniform Rule 48

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Uniform Rule 70

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Uniform Rule 69

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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