Keswa v Road Accident Fund (45261/15) [2017] ZAGPPHC 373 (8 June 2017)
- Citation
- [2017] ZAGPPHC 373
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria
- Panel
- Wright
- Case number
- 45261/15
More details
- Court
- North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria
- Panel
- Wright
- Case number
- 45261/15
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The court found that the plaintiff suffered significant injuries resulting in permanent disability and unemployability. The actuary's report on loss of income was accepted, including the contingency deductions of 5% for past loss and 15% for future loss, as these were supported by authority and not convincingly challenged by the defendant. The court determined that R325,000 was reasonable for general damages, considering the nature and extent of the plaintiff's injuries. The defendant was held liable for 100% of the plaintiff's proven or agreed damages and ordered to furnish an undertaking for future medical expenses under section 17(4)(a) of the Road Accident Fund Act.
Court disposition
Plaintiff's claim for general damages and loss of income is granted. Defendant is liable for 100% of proven or agreed damages and ordered to pay specified amounts and costs.
Orders
- The Defendant is liable for 100% of the Plaintiff's proven or agreed damages.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff R325,000 for general damages and R337,515 for loss of income, payable within 14 days into the Plaintiff's attorneys' trust account.
- The Defendant is not liable for interest on the above amounts unless payment is late, in which case interest at 10.5% per annum applies.
- The Defendant must furnish an undertaking in terms of section 17(4)(a) of the Road Accident Fund Act 56 of 1996 for future medical expenses related to the injuries sustained on 23 August 2014.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff's taxed or agreed party and party costs on High Court scale, including specified expert, travel, and preparation costs, subject to the discretion of the Taxing Master.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff's taxed and/or agreed costs within 14 days of taxation or agreement.
- Interest at 10.5% per annum is payable on taxed or agreed costs if not paid timeously.
- The issue of future non-medical expenses is postponed sine die.
02
Material facts
Parties
Tsholofelo Rebecca Keswa
Plaintiff Counsel: K StrydomRoad Accident Fund
Defendant Counsel: Adv SimaAmounts and remedies
- General Damages: ZAR 325,000
- Loss of Income: ZAR 337,515
03
Procedural history
Posture
Civil Trial / Final Judgment
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
What is the appropriate quantum for general damages arising from the plaintiff's injuries sustained in the motor vehicle accident.
- 02
What is the correct calculation for loss of income, including contingency deductions, following the plaintiff's disability.
- 03
Is the defendant liable for 100% of the plaintiff's proven or agreed damages.
- 04
Should the defendant furnish an undertaking for future medical expenses under section 17(4)(a) of the Road Accident Fund Act.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The plaintiff argued that she suffered severe injuries in the accident, including fractures to both legs, multiple surgical interventions, permanent scarring, and a shortened left leg, resulting in her being unemployable. She relied on an actuary's report for loss of income calculations and sought R450,000 for general damages. The plaintiff contended that the contingency deductions applied by her actuary were reasonable and supported by legal authority.
- Respondent
- The defendant accepted the correctness of the actuary's report except for the contingency deductions, arguing for higher reductions: 35% for loss of earnings without the accident and 10% with the accident. The defendant contended that general damages should be limited to R300,000 and challenged the accuracy of the contingency deductions applied by the plaintiff's actuary.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Koch, The Quantum Handbook, 2017 page 126
Contingency deductions in loss of income calculations must be reasonable and supported by actuarial and legal authority.
- 02
RAF v Gueddes 2006 (5) SA 583 (SCA)
The court must determine the quantum of general damages based on the severity of injuries and comparable awards.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The court found that the plaintiff suffered significant injuries resulting in permanent disability and unemployability. The actuary's report on loss of income was accepted, including the contingency deductions of 5% for past loss and 15% for future loss, as these were supported by authority and not convincingly challenged by the defendant. The court determined that R325,000 was reasonable for general damages, considering the nature and extent of the plaintiff's injuries. The defendant was held liable for 100% of the plaintiff's proven or agreed damages and ordered to furnish an undertaking for future medical expenses under section 17(4)(a) of the Road Accident Fund Act.
Obiter and limits
- The court noted that the plaintiff's actuary's contingency deductions were accurate and supported by legal authority, and the defendant failed to provide compelling reasons to the contrary.
- The issue of future non-medical expenses was postponed sine die, indicating that further proceedings may be necessary if such expenses arise.
Court disposition
Plaintiff's claim for general damages and loss of income is granted. Defendant is liable for 100% of proven or agreed damages and ordered to pay specified amounts and costs.
- The Defendant is liable for 100% of the Plaintiff's proven or agreed damages.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff R325,000 for general damages and R337,515 for loss of income, payable within 14 days into the Plaintiff's attorneys' trust account.
- The Defendant is not liable for interest on the above amounts unless payment is late, in which case interest at 10.5% per annum applies.
- The Defendant must furnish an undertaking in terms of section 17(4)(a) of the Road Accident Fund Act 56 of 1996 for future medical expenses related to the injuries sustained on 23 August 2014.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff's taxed or agreed party and party costs on High Court scale, including specified expert, travel, and preparation costs, subject to the discretion of the Taxing Master.
- The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff's taxed and/or agreed costs within 14 days of taxation or agreement.
- Interest at 10.5% per annum is payable on taxed or agreed costs if not paid timeously.
- The issue of future non-medical expenses is postponed sine die.
Source and reliance status
North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria
Judgment
SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy
IN
THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA
CASE NO: 45261/2015
PRETORIA 8 JUNE 2017
BEFORE
THE HONOURABLE MR JUSTICE WRIGHT
In the matter between:
TSHOLOFELO
REBECCA KESWA
PLAINTIFF
AND
ROAD
ACCIDENT
FUND DEFENDANT
HAVING HEARD counsel(s) for the parties and having read the documents filed the court reserved its judgment.
THEREAFTER
ON THIS DAY THE COURT ORDERS
JUDGMENT
The Draft Order marked "X" be and is hereby made an order of court.
BY
THE COURT
REGISTRAR
LS
Att:
EHLERS
IN
THE HIGH
COURT OF
SOUTH
AFRICA
(GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA)
Before the Honourable J. Wright
Case No: 45261/2015
Date: 8.6.17
TSHOLOFELO
REBECCA
KESWA
PLAINTIFF
And
ROAD
ACCIDENT
FUND
DEFENDANT
DRAFT
ORDER
After having heard counsel:
IT IS ORDERED THAT:
1. The Defendant is liable for 100% of the Plaintiff's proven or agreed D
2. The Defendant pay the Plaintiff an amount of R 325 00 and
(R337 515 – 00 respectively )
for General Damages and Loss of Income, all payable within 14 days from date of this order being granted into the Plaintiffs attorneys of record trust account with the following details:
Account Holder : Ehlers Attorneys
Bank Name :
FNB
Branch Code : 261550
Account Number : [6….]
3. The Defendant will not be liable for interest on the above mentioned amount, save in the event of failing to pay on the due date, in which event the Defendant will be liable to pay interest on the outstanding amount at a rate of 10,5% per annum.
4. The Defendant is ordered to furnish the Plaintiff with an undertaking, in terms of Section 17 (4) (a) of the Road Accident Fund Act 56 of 1996, for the costs of future accommodation in a hospital or a nursing home or treatment of or rendering of a service or supplying of goods to the injured after such costs have been incurred and on proof thereof, relating to the injuries sustained by the Plaintiff on 23 August 2014.
5. The Defendant is ordered to pay the Plaintiffs taxed or agreed party and party costs on High Court scale, subject to the discretion of the taxing master, which costs will include, but will not be limited to the following:
5.1 The reasonable taxed fees for consultation with the experts mentioned below, together with delivery of expert bundles including travelling and time spent travelling to deliver such bundles, preparation for trial, qualifying and reservation fees (if any and on proof thereof), as well as costs of the reports, addendum reports, joint minutes and attendance fees of the following experts, and subject to the discretion of the Taxing Master:
5.1.1 Dr P Engelbrecht - Orthopaedic Surgeon;
5.1.2 OT Preininge r - Neuropsychologist;
5.1.3 M Sissison - Clinical Psychologis;t
5.1.4 Dr A Potgieter- Plastic Surgeon;
5.1.5 N September - Occupational Therapist;
5.1.6 Jacobson & Talmud Consulting - Industrial Psychologist;
5.1.7 GW Jacobson - Actuary.
5.2 The costs of an inspection in loco by the Plaintiff's attorney (if any).
5.3 The costs of appointing an assessor to investigate merits (if any).
5.4 The costs of accommodation and transporting the Plaintiff and a family member, with JT Transportation Services or any other transportation service provider, to the medical legal examination(s) arranged by Plaintiff and the Defendant.
5.5 The costs of accommodation and transport with JT Transportation Services or any other transportation service provider and accommodation for the Plaintiff, to attend Court on 8 June 2017.
5.6 The costs for the Plaintiff’s, attorney travelling to and spending time travelling to pre-trial conferences and attendance at pre-trial conferences by the Plaintiff's attorney, subject to the discretion of the Taxation Master.
5.7 The costs for preparation of Plaintiffs bundles of documents for experts, as well as the travelling costs and time spent to deliver these bundles.
5.8 The costs for preparation of Plaintiff's bundles of documents for trial purposes, as well as the travelling costs and time spent to deliver these bundles.
5.9 The full costs of Plaintiff's counsel, K Strydom to attend court on 8 June 2017.
5.10 The full costs of the Plaintiff's attorney to attend court on 8 June 2017.
5.11 The cost of an interpreter to attend the medico-legal appointments as well as court on 8 June 2017.
6. The Defendant is ordered to pay the Plaintiffs taxed and/or agreed party and party costs within 14 days from the date upon which the accounts are taxed by the Taxing master and/or agreed between the parties.
7. Should payment of taxed costs not be effected timeously, Plaintiff will be entitled to recover interest at the rate of 10,5% on the taxed or agreed costs from date of allocator to date of payment.
8. The issue of future non-medical expenses are hereby postponed sine die.
Counsel for Plaintfif: K Strydom (083 271 8350)
For Defendant: Adv Sima (082 525 9968)
_____
BY ORDER – REGISTRAR
REPUBLIC
OF SOUTH AFRICA
IN
THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA, GAUTENG DIVISION,
PRETORIA
CASE NO: 45261/15
DATE: 8.6.17
REPORTABLE: YES/NO OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: YES/NO
REVISED
TSHOLOFELO
REBECCA
KESWA
PLAINTIFF
and
ROAD
ACCIDENT
FUND
DEFENDANT
WRIGHT J
1. The plaintiff is a woman who was 38 years old when she was injured in a motor vehicle collision on 23 August 2014. She was employed as an unskilled worker in a peanut packing capacity. She was not rendered unconscious in the accident. She spent about 2 months in hospital. Her left femur was broken. She had an operation on her left leg. Her left leg is 1.5 cm shorter than it was prior to the accident. Before the accident she was normal. She broke her right tibia and fibula. She had operations to her right leg. She has a 10cm scar on her left thigh. She has 9cm, 14cm, 6cm and 16cm scars on her right leg. She walks with a crutch because of the accident.
2. The plaintiff has produced an actuary's report, dated 30 May 2017 and which I have marked as Exh A, dealing with loss of income both past and future. The defendant accepts the correctness of the report except for two aspects relating to contingency deductions. The actuary assumes a retirement age of 65 without the accident. The plaintiff is unemployable as a result of the accident but will receive a disability grant to age 60 from which age she will receive an old age pension. She is now 41 years old.
3. The actuary applied a 5% reduction for past loss of earnings. The defendant accepts this reduction and the net figure for past loss of earnings as calculated by the actuary. The actuary applies a 15% contingency to future loss of earnings both with and without the accident. The defendant contends for a 35% reduction from loss of earnings without the accident and for a 10% reduction from loss of earnings with the accident
4. The plaintiff seeks R450 000 for general damages while the defendant contends for R300 000. In my view R325 000 is reasonable for general damages.
5. In my view the contingency deductions applied by the plaintiff's actuary are accurate. See Koch, The Quantum Handbook, 2017 page 126 and RAF v Gueddes 2006 (5) SA 583 SCA Defendant's counsel could submit no reason why these deductions are wrong. The total loss of income figure as calculated by the actuary at R337 515 is correct.
6. The parties prepared a draft order and all I am to do is to fill in the awards for damages.
7. I make an order in terms of the draft marked X.
GC
WRIGHT J
JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT,
GAUTENG DIVISION,
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